机械英语答案
机械英语试题及答案详解
机械英语试题及答案详解一、选择题1. The term "mechanical engineering" refers to the application of engineering principles to:A. Chemical processesB. Electrical systemsC. Design and manufacture of machinesD. Software development答案：C2. What is the primary function of a bearing in a mechanical system?A. To convert energyB. To reduce frictionC. To increase efficiencyD. To absorb heat答案：B3. The process of converting a rough workpiece into a finished part is known as:A. MachiningB. WeldingC. CastingD. Forging答案：A二、填空题4. The formula for calculating the force exerted by a springis known as ________.答案：Hooke's Law5. In mechanical design, the term ________ refers to thestudy of the forces and moments acting on a body.答案：Statics6. The unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI) is ________.答案：Pascal (Pa)三、简答题7. Explain the difference between static and dynamic friction.答案：Static friction is the force that must be overcometo start moving an object at rest, while dynamic friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object that isalready moving.8. Describe the purpose of a gear in a mechanical system.答案：A gear is used to transmit motion and force from one part of a system to another, often changing the speed and/or direction of the motion.四、计算题9. A hydraulic press has a piston with an area of 0.02 m². If the pressure applied to the piston is 5 MPa, calculate the force exerted by the piston.答案：Force = P ressure × Area = 5 × 10⁶ Pa × 0.02 m²= 100,000 N10. A lever is balanced when the product of the effort force and its distance from the fulcrum is equal to the product of the load force and its distance from the fulcrum. If the effort force is 300 N and the load force is 1200 N, and the effort is applied 2 m from the fulcrum, calculate the distance from the fulcrum to the load.答案：Let the distance from the fulcrum to the load be\( x \). According to the principle of levers, \( 300 N\times 2 m = 1200 N \times x \). Solving for \( x \) gives\( x = \frac{300 N \times 2 m}{1200 N} = 0.5 m \).五、论述题11. Discuss the importance of mechanical vibrations in the context of machinery operation and maintenance.答案：Mechanical vibrations are crucial in machinery for several reasons. They can indicate the health of a machine, with abnormal vibrations often signaling a problem such as imbalance, misalignment, or wear. Monitoring vibrations can help in predictive maintenance, preventing breakdowns and extending the life of machinery.12. Explain the concept of stress concentration in mechanical components and its implications.答案：Stress concentration occurs in mechanical components where the stress is higher than the average stress due to geometrical discontinuities or material defects. This can lead to premature failure of the component under load, as the high-stress areas are more susceptible to fatigue and cracking. Designing to minimize stress concentrations and using materials with good fatigue resistance can mitigate these effects.。
机械专业外语_习题集(含答案)
《机械专业外语》课程习题集一、短文翻译(英译汉)1. The solution to most design problems does arise from a set of equations, instead it is a compromise to satisfy a number of design requirements and practical limitations such as available tooling and servicing ease. Designs are often revised to introduce new features, but as much as possible of the old design is retained for economic reasons. Producing a revised design is usually not as difficult as producing a new design because the history of the original is available for evaluation.2. When cutting screw threads, power is provided to the gearbox of the apron by the lead screw. In all other turning operations, it is feed rod that drives the carriage. The lead screw goes through a pair of half nuts, which are fixed to the rear of the apron. When actuating a certain lever, the half nuts are clamped together and engage with the rotating lead screw as a single nut, which is feed , together with the carriage along the bed.3.Generally, grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish. Grinding can be performed on flat, cylindrical, or even internal surfaces by employing specialized machine tools, which are referred to as grinding machines. Obviously, grinding machines differ in construction as well as capabilities, and the type to be employed is determined mainly by the geometrical shape and nature of the surface to be ground. -e.g. cylindrical surfaces are ground on cylindrical grinding machines.4. The dielectric serves to concentrate the discharge energy into a channel of very small crosssectional area. It also cools the two electrodes, and flushes away the products of machining from the gap. The electrical resistance of the dielectric influences the discharge spark energy and time of spark initiation .if the resistance is low , an early discharge spark occurs. If it is large the capacitor will attain a higher value charge before the discharge spark occurs.5. As we previously saw, CNC,DNC and computer-assisted part programming are different kinds of preplanned computerized control of machine tools. In all cases, the tool path has to be established beforehand through a program, the person who prepares the programs employs his or her experience in order to bring the processing time to minimum and not to cause any damage or distortion to the workpiece. This is, in many cases, a difficult problem that involves many factors, alternatives, and constraints. Obviously, this is exactly where an expert system is needed.6. Equipment productively is improved because of the better utilization of machines whenCIM is implemented. We can see that factors like program ability of equipment and computerized monitoring and control of the whole manufacturing facility would largely improve the efficiency of machine utilization. Higher labor and equipment productivity would certainly result in lower product cost.7. Where loads are due to contact, a pair of equal and opposite forces occur. One force acts as an external load on one contacting member. This action-reaction force pairing is one of the basic natural laws put to practical use by engineers. Tracing these power transmission forces through connected machine linkages is an extremely useful visualization aid for identifying machine component loads.8. Element design is concerned with the proper sizing of machine elements to perform a given function at some stated life criterion. Mechanical designers must also be familiar with properties of materials and machining processes to achieve optimal design. In addition, designers must always contend with the question of cost. The watchword should be simplicity, since a simple device is usually the least expensive.9. The tailstock assembly consists basically of three parts, its lower base, an intermediate part, and the quill. The lower base is a casting that can slide on the lathe bed along the guideways, and it has a clamping device to enable locking the entire tailstock at any desired location, depending upon the length of the workpiece. The intermediate part is a casting that can be moved transversely to enable alignment of the axis of the tailstock with that of the headstock.10. Internal grinding is employed for grinding relatively short holed. The workpiece is held in a chuck or a special fixture. Both the grinding wheel and the workpiece rotate during the operation and feed is applied in the longitudinal direction. Any desired depth of cut can be obtained by the cross feed of the grinding wheel. A variation from this type is planetary internal grinding, which is recommended for heavy workpieces that cannot be held in chucks. In the case, the grinding wheel not only spins around its own axis but also rotates around the centerline of the hole that is being ground.11. The intelligent robot has always been the dream of manufacturing engineers, in order to make the automated factory of the future attainable. It is artificial intelligence that will make that dream come true. By definition, an intelligent robot is one that is able to think, sense, and effect, so that it can cope with a changing environment and learn from experience. Since thinking is a brain function, it is obvious that it would fall within the domain of artificial intelligence if it is to be performed by a computer. An integration between sensing, reasoning, and effecting would unify artificial intelligence and robots, with the final outcome an intelligent robot.12. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the range of media used to convey information. Initially, communication was limited to simple forms of media such as voice and paper. This century, however, has witnessed the introduction of a greater variety of media types such as the telephone and visual forms of media. In the latter part of the century,this trend has accelerated and there is now a wide range of media types available to convey information.13. It is well known that a hot plate of metal will cool faster when placed in front of a fan than when exposed to still air. We say that the heat is convected away and we call the process convection heat transfer. Convection is a much simpler physical process than conduction since it merely consists of the actual motion of a volume of hot fluid from one place to another.14.Around the turn of the twentieth century the steam turbine came into use. Steam turbines are very efficient. They can utilize almost 40 percent of the energy supplied to them. They are three times as efficient as reciprocating engines. Steam turbines power many of the world's ships and the majority of the world's electricity generating stations.15. Most small i.C.engines in common use has four cylinders, which fire in a definite and regular sequence. A flywheel is fitted to the crankshaft to keep it running smoothly. It is essential for the inlet and exhaust valves to open and close at exactly the appropriate moment in relation to the position of the piston. Therefore they are actuated by a cam-shaft running in phase with the crankshaft.16. The alternative to forming method is machining. In machining, a sharpened tool of suitable shape removes material in the form of chips until the desired shape is produced. The use of computer and punched-tape control of machine tools makes it possible forthe machining tool to follow any complex three-dimensional path.17. Perhaps because more high-strength, hard, tough, and exotic materials are used, there isa tendency to use chipless machining despite the progress just noted. There is a trend to reduce the amount of metal that needs to be removed. Often chipless machining is more expensive, but the reduced loss of material results in a saving. The increased use of metal forming, forging, rolling, die-casting and other processes illustrates this trend.18.For the semi-mechanized forging of small to medium-sized components, forging hammers powered by various means are employed. The feature common to all of them is that, like the hand forging hammer, they utilize the energy of a falling weight to develop the pressure needed for shaping the metal. Larger components are forged by means of forging presses operated by steam or compressed air or by hydraulic or electric power. Largely automatic forging machines are used for the quantity production of engineering parts.19. As we know, these are the main tasks of an engineer: to explore new ways, invent new solutions to problems, and design new devices. In the research stage of a project, the engineer usually has found a new way of doing a job and is analyzing it (using mathematics and computers) to see how feasible the idea is and how well it will work. The development stage then follows. Here the idea is carried out in the laboratory. The processes vary among different projects, but the basic point is the same: Turn the idea into a working reality.20.The fact that steel can possess a wide range of useful mechanical properties is of extreme economic importance. This is clearly illustrated in the railroad industry, forex-ample. To move a train from one place to another, we use a locomotive which has the ability to pull a given total load. This load is composed of the weight of the cars and the weight of the freight being transported. If a freight car is made of high strength steel, the structural members can be relatively small and the car will be lighter as well as stronger. This means that the amount of freight can be increased.21.The simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together is known as pressure welding. The ends of metal are heated to a white heat— for iron, the welding temperature should be about 13000C—in a flame, At this temperature the metal becomes plastic. The ends are then pressed or hammered together, and the joint is smoothed off. Care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld. Moreover, the heating of iron or steel to a high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces.22. The design of a machine includes many factors other than those of determining the loads and stresses and selecting the proper materials. Before construction or manufacture can begin, it is necessary to have complete assembly and detail drawings to convey all necessary information to the shop men. The designer frequently is called upon to check the drawings before they are sent to the shop. Much experience and familiarity with manufacturing processes are needed before one can become conversant with all phases of production drawings.23. Flat pulleys and belts. This is the oldest and simplest type of pulley and belt. The pulley may be a single pulley, or it may have three or four different diameters. A one-piece pulley having three or four diameters is called a cone pulley. Actually the pulleys are not flat. They are tapered slightly so that the diameter of the pulley is a little larger at its center. We call this a crowned pulley. The pulley is made larger in diameter at the center because a flat belt will always climb to the highest part of a pulley. The crown ensures that the belt will run in the center of the pulley.24.Of course, materials have always been vital to human civilization. Three of humanity’s earliest eras are called the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, because the civilization of each was almost entirely dependent on the material after which the era was named. But now, in the twentieth century, materials-not just one, but many-have become a most important factor on which the advance of technology and industry depends. Our progress in space, in electronics, and in atomic energy is directly linked to the solution of crucial materials problems.25.The purpose of the design calculations is of course to attempt to predict the stress or deformation if the part in order that it may safely carry the loads which will be imposed upon it, and that it may last for the expected life of the machine. All calculations are, of course, dependent on the physical properties of the construction materials as determined by laboratory tests. A rational method of design attempts to take the results of relatively simple and fundamental tests and apply them to all the complicated and involved situations encountered in present-day machinery.二、按要求翻译下列句子（略）……答案1.对大多数设计问题的解决并不是来源于一组公式，而是受制于要满足很多设计要求和实际限制诸如可用的工具或使用的舒适性。
(完整版)机械专业英语期末考试题及答案,推荐文档
机械专业英语期末考试题及答案一．词汇翻译画法几何descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing投影projection视图view剖视图profile chart标准件standard component零件图part drawing装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck加工中心machining center车刀lathe tool车床lathe钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith机螺纹thread电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration精加工finish machining粗加工rough machining变速箱体gearbox casing表面粗糙度surface roughness二．将下列短语译成汉语1.the fatigue loading（疲劳载荷）2.the radial loads（径向负荷）3.the thrust loads逆负荷4.the ball bearing球轴承5.the roller bearing滚子轴承6.the single-row bearings单沟轴承7.the double-row bearing双沟轴承8.the needle bearing滚针轴承9.the bearing life轴承寿命10.The rating life额定寿命11.the axis of rotation旋转轴12.The helix angle螺旋角13.a right-hand helix 右旋14.a left-hand helix左旋15.an involute helicoids螺旋面16.an involute curve渐开线17.the shaft centerlines轴中心线18.worm gear蜗轮19.the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮20.right angle直角21.worm gearing蜗杆传动22.the lead angle导角23.shaft angle轴线角度24.bending load弯曲载荷25.tension load张力负荷pression load压缩负载27.torsional load扭转负荷28.the bending moment弯矩29.the bending stress弯曲应力30.30.four-bar linkage（四连杆机构）三．翻译下列句子1. The simplest closed-loop linkage is the four-bar linkage, which has three moving links (plus one fixed link) and four pin joints.（最简单的封闭式的连杆机构就是四杆机构，四杆机构有三个运动构件（加上一个固定构件）并且有四个销轴。
机械工程英语课后习题答案
第一课（第9页） 2.汉翻英1. 机械工业用于制造产品的材料，可以分为金属材料、聚合物、陶瓷和复合材料。
The materials used for manufacturing products can be divided into four categories: metallics, polymerics, ceramics and composites. 2. 金属可以分为有色金属和黑色金属。
Metallics can be classified into non-ferrous and ferrous metallics. 3.塑料可以分为热固性塑料和热塑性塑料。
Plastics cab be grouped into thermosets(thermosetting plastics) and thermoplastics.4. 复合材料可以由两种或两种以上性质不同的材料组合，保留各自的特点，得到单一材料无法比拟的、优越的综合性能。
A composite consists of two more kinds of different materials, with e ach material keeping its own property, to get the superior synthetical (combined) performance which is unparalled (unmatched) by that of the individual material.5. 当其所处的工作环境变化时，智能材料能改变其性能、颜色和形状等。
An intelligent material can change its property, color, shape and so on when its working environment changes.第二课（第17页） 2. 汉翻英1. 材料的特性可分为物理特性和化学特性两大类。
机械英语考试试题及答案
机械英语考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "mechanical engineering" refers to:A. The study of machinesB. The design and manufacture of mechanical systemsC. The operation of machineryD. The maintenance of mechanical equipment答案：B2. What is the function of a bearing in a mechanical system?A. To reduce frictionB. To increase efficiencyC. To provide powerD. To transmit motion答案：A3. The process of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy is known as:A. ElectrificationB. CombustionC. ThermodynamicsD. Hydrodynamics答案：C4. In mechanical design, the principle of "KISS" stands for:A. Keep It Simple, StupidB. Keep It Short and SimpleC. Keep It Simple and SafeD. Keep It Simple, Smart答案：A5. A gear train is used to:A. Change the direction of motionB. Increase the speed of rotationC. Decrease the speed of rotationD. All of the above答案：D6. What does CAD stand for in mechanical engineering?A. Computer-Aided DesignB. Computer-Aided DraftingC. Computer-Aided DevelopmentD. Computer-Aided Diagnostics答案：A7. The SI unit for force is:A. NewtonB. JouleC. PascalD. Watt答案：A8. What is the purpose of a flywheel in a mechanical system?A. To store energyB. To increase speedC. To reduce noiseD. To dissipate heat答案：A9. The term "hydraulics" is associated with the study of:A. Fluid dynamicsB. Solid mechanicsC. Structural analysisD. Thermal engineering答案：A10. The process of cutting a material to a specific shape is known as:A. MachiningB. CastingC. ForgingD. Extrusion答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The formula for calculating the moment of a force is \( F \times d \), where \( F \) is the force and \( d \) is the_______.答案：distance from the pivot12. A _______ is a device that converts linear motion into rotational motion.答案：crank13. In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the four strokes are intake, compression, _______, and exhaust.答案：power14. The _______ of a material is its ability to resist deformation under load.答案：stiffness15. The term "overhaul" in mechanical maintenance refers to a thorough inspection and _______ of a machine or its parts.答案：repair16. The _______ of a machine is the study of how forces act on and within a body.答案: statics17. A _______ is a type of machine that uses a screw to convert rotational motion into linear motion.答案：screw jack18. The _______ of a system is the point around which the system rotates.答案：pivot19. The _______ of a lever is the ratio of the effort arm to the load arm.答案：mechanical advantage20. The _______ is a type of bearing that allows for rotation with minimal friction.答案：ball bearing三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium in mechanical systems.答案：Static equilibrium refers to a state where the net force and net moment acting on a body are zero, resulting in no acceleration. Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the net force is zero, but the body is in motion with constant velocity.22. What is the purpose of a clutch in a vehicle?答案：A clutch is used to engage and disengage the power transmission from the engine to the transmission system, allowing the vehicle to start, stop, and change gears smoothly.23. Describe the function of a governor in an engine.答案：A governor is a device that automatically controls the speed of an engine by regulating the fuel supply or the valve settings, ensuring the engine operates within safespeed limits.24. What are the three primary types of joints in structural engineering?答案：The three primary types of joints are pinned joints, fixed joints, and sliding joints, each serving different purposes in connecting and supporting structural elements.25. Explain the。
机械专业英语试题及答案
精品文档机械工程专业英语课程考试方式（□闭卷□开卷）课程性质（□必修□限选□任选）一、选择题分，115小题，每小题（在每题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共分）总计15planar undergoes the system linkage move in parallel planes 1. If all points in a.motion and the linkage may be described as aD. slide B. planar linkage C. joints A. planar motion sometimes are Though 2. frame material and design should handle damping, built into frame sections to handle specific problems.D. screwC. dampers A .beams B. holesThe maximum allowable deflection of a shaft ______ determined by critical speed, 3. gear, or bearing requirements.D. is usually C. was B. must A. oftenmore generate solutions as we to _____ to better and better 4. We will have information.D. try ways B. iterating C. iterate A. repeat many timesdetermine to then examined configuration is _______ specified and 5. If a product whether the performance requirements are met.D. have beenC. temporary B. tentatively A. finallyManufacturing can be defined as the _____ of raw materials into useful products 6. through the use of the easiest and lest-expensive methods.D. transformingC. process B. processing A. transformation7. The planer and knee types of milling machine is _____ because of its flexibility.B. most popular A. used most commonlyD. most powerfulC. the most commonly usedforce _____ frequency of the vibrate result, the system will at the 8. As a regardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system.D. actC. out B. excitation A. actionthe between the relationship components are assembled together, Before 9. two dimensions of the mating surfaces_______.should printed clearlyB. A. must be giving outC. must be specifiedD. should be clearly noted10. The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their ______ surfaces.D. outsideA. envelopingB. matingC. outer11. The word______ itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and ceramics, while similar phenomena in plastics generally called ______.A. recrystallization…. corrosionB. recrystallization…degradation精品文档．精品文档D. corrosion…degradation C. degradation…corrosion12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.B. are made up ofA. are made fromD. was consist ofC. was produced by13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operationspeeds.atD. hollow C. critical B .overload A . low.14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires aD. patentC. mold B. model A. patternis used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.15. The termD. rotary pair C. surface pair B. low pair A. high pair15分）二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates andtransmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16)to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members areamong the “associated parts”considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which servethe shaft to the source of power or load.to (17)A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It can be stationary anda rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an serve to (18)(20) depending on automobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationarythe gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.of shafts can be subjected to various combinations axial, bending, and(21) that It isapparentloads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically, a rotating shaft transmitting power isreversed a completely together a mean torsional stress) with a (22) to constant torque (producingbending load (producing an alternating bending stress).requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within In addition to satisfying (23)cause (25) deflection acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts can hamper gear performance andbearings(either noise. The associated angular deflection can no-self- aligning be very destructive tomechanism. gear driven cam the can affect accuracy of a or or plain rolling). (26) deflectioncorresponding lower the (27) or the Furthermore, the greater flexibility -either lateral torsional-thespeed.100 试卷总分分钟120 考试时间考生注意：分页5 共1 第页精品文档．精品文档Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but moreoften such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contactwith the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made invariety ofways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub intowhich the key fits are called keyways.班级attached C) connected B) D) concrete 16、A) cement connect D) C) serve 17、A) endure B) transmitsupport B) meet C) satisfy 18、A) D) strong 学号idler C) terminal 19、A) aims B) D) tomb装whether C) D) for20、A) due to B) weather torsional C) inertia 21、A) elasticity B) D) accelerationsubjected B)…connect C) and 、A) D) From22姓名strength C) clearly understand 23、A) deeply B) D) long time lateral D) C) round 24、A) identify B) cross objectionable C) attractable B) D) terrible 25、A) lucrativeTorsional D) Movement C) 26、A) Moment B)Tormentcritical C) first B) D) important 27、A) highintegral C) D) simplification 、A) work B) idealization 28 mounted onto B) refers C) referring to 29、A) D) indicatesaxially D) 30、A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternal 订三、阅读理解（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）Text 1Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine; electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling wateras the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials whichenable astronauts to safely reenter the earth's atmosphere.线The vast majority of complex problems in today's high technology society depend for solutionnot on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impactof our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature thatdistinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Boardfor Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools andderives its membership from the various engineering professional societies. Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on design精品文档．精品文档read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision makingprocess(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resourcesoptimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineeringdesign component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use ofopen-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statementand specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineeringdesign, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economicfactors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.31、what's the main meaning of message (1)?A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer's main workC) mechanical engineer's has good idea D) electrical engineer' main duty32、In the author's opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into account many factors, from themessage who should NOT join into the design team _______.A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) engineersD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph) is _____.A) a set of accredits standardB) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which character of the following isNOT included in the curriculum ______.A) creativityB) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is ______.A) the roles of engineers in manufacturingB) the importance of mechanical designC) engineering designD) The process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a productbased on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be onmore than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completelydescribe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specifystandard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble theproduct without error.共5 页第 2 页精品文档．精品文档Generally, a complete set of Working drawings for an assembly includes:(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM). (4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part's shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufacturedbased on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc. In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detaildrawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used,they are clearly marked under each detail. Also, when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between details is carefully planned, including leaving sufficient room for dimensions and notes.36. Based on the message, which of the follow is wrong?订A) standard parts needn't drawn as detailsB) for simple parts, sometimes needn't to draw the detail working drawingC) for large assemblies details may drawn on multiple sheetsD) If different scales used in a single sheet, they should clearly marked under each detail37. Working drawings for an assembly MAY NOT includes: ?A) BOM B) title blockC) An assembly or subassembly drawing D) Detail drawings of all parts.38. For detail drawing, Which one of the following statement is not true ?A) should not has different scalesB) Detail drawing can produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computermodels.线C) detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single partD) should Adhere strictly to ANSI standards39. From the message we can infer ANSI is ?A) a set of law B) a set of notificationC) an Organization D) IEEE government40. The topic of the message is ?A) How to design working drawings.B) working drawing's character and the key influence of how to draw a working drawingC) In the design process, what should be considered?What is working drawing D)精品文档．精品文档TEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects' mechanicalparts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create onthe parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time,defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time.Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design ischarged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keepstresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. Thisobviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largestforces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces areproportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Verybasic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success ofany mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which itprocesses. The system's DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed touniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, whichis a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotationabout any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. Ina plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation aboutone axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in theplane41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..A) accelerations B) forceC) positions, D) velocities42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____A) the service life of a machine B) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.A) It should has one DOFB) It should Has two DOFC) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equalD) It should has any DOF as want44、which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______?.A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axisB) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combination of rotationand translationC) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into components alongthree axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、The best title for this passage would be _______.A) kinematics B) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics共5 页第 3 页精品文档．精品文档四、英译汉（共20分）1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of ）1（a real machine member.Foundations should ensure the machine's stiffness; shock absorption and isolation ）（2are secondary considerations.cyclical or spring a mechanical component such as a is subjected to repetitive Thus, (3)if large after a strength, of applications stress levels much lower than the ultimate it will fracture number of repetitions of this stress.Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each 4）（other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with ）（5torque being transmitted through a key.分）、将下段英语翻译成汉语（102As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we 订have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are easeto use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional the answer to been that designers—is, it hs designed so as perceived requirements”as by themajor engineering, the world In it “exactly question, what function should perform?”the of function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.五、英译汉（共20分）1、将下列分）25小题，每小题句子译成英语（共一个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，皮带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、）（1 线花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。
机械制造专业英语课后标准答案(部分)
专业英语翻译一stressand strain（应力与应变）1the fundamental concepts 基本概念cross section 横截面 the internal stresses produced in the bar 杆的内应力 continuous distribution of hydrostatic pressure 流体静压力 the tensile load 拉伸载荷 a uniform distribution over the cross section 在横截面均匀分布arbitrary cross-sectional shape 任意截面形状tensile stresses 拉应力compressive stresses 压应力a normal stress 正应力through the centroid of the cross sectional area 通过横截面形心the uniform stress condition 压力均匀分布the stress distribution at the ends of the bar 杆末端应力分布 high localized stresses 高度应力集中an axially loaded bar 轴向载荷杆件a tensile strain 拉应变 an elongation or stretching of the material 材料拉伸 a compressive strain 压应变 the ratio of two lengths 两个长度的比值purely statical and geometrical considerations 从纯静态以及几何角度考虑1.That branch of scientific analysis which motions, times and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. 研究位移、时间和力运动乘力是科学分析法的一个分支，被称作力学，力学由两大部分组成，静力学和动力学。
机械专业考研英语试题及答案
机械专业考研英语试题及答案机械专业考研英语模拟试题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices printed, A, B, C and D, and decide which one would be the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Conversation 1W: I'm really tired of all this paperwork. Do you think we could use a computer to do it?M: Yes, I think it would be a great help.Questions:1. What does the woman imply?A. She is not good at typing.B. She is tired of using the computer.C. She is bored with the paperwork.D. She wants to get rid of the computer.2. How does the man react to the woman's suggestion?A. He agrees with her.B. He disagrees with her.C. He has no opinion.D. He has no idea about it.Conversation 2...Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages, and you will be asked 3 questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read once, but the questions will be spoken twice. After you hear a question, read the four choices printed, A, B, C and D, and decide which one would be the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1[Passage will be about a new development in mechanical engineering.]Questions:1. What is the passage mainly about?A. The history of mechanical engineering.B. A recent breakthrough in mechanical engineering.C. The challenges faced by mechanical engineers.D. The future of mechanical engineering.2. What does the speaker think about the new development?A. It is controversial.B. It is promising.C. It is expensive.D. It is unnecessary....Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: Read the following passage. After reading it, you are required to complete the statements that follow by choosing the correct answer from the four choices provided A, B, C, and D. Mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1The field of mechanical engineering has seen significant advancements in recent years, largely due to the integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies. These technologies have revolutionized the way engineers design and manufacturemechanical components, leading to increased efficiency and precision.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of mechanical engineering.B. The impact of CAD and CAM on mechanical engineering.C. The challenges faced by mechanical engineers.D. The future of mechanical engineering.2. According to the passage, what have CAD and CAM technologies contributed to?A. Cost reduction in manufacturing.B. Increased efficiency and precision in design and manufacturing.C. A decrease in the need for skilled engineers.D. A shift towards manual design methods....Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Section ADirections: For each numbered blank in the following passage, choose the appropriate answer from the four choices given. Then, mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.PassageThe development of modern machinery has been greatlyinfluenced by the availability of new materials and the application of advanced technologies. For instance, the use of high-strength alloys has allowed engineers to design components that are both lighter and stronger, which has significantly improved the performance of mechanical systems.1. The new materials have led to components that are _______.A. heavierB. lighterC. more expensiveD. less efficient2. The performance of mechanical systems has been _______.A. reducedB. improvedC. unchangedD. compromised...Part IV Writing (20 points)Section ADirections: Write an essay of about 200 words based on the following picture. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of continuous learning in the field of mechanical engineering.Picture[A picture showing an engineer working on a computer with a background of various mechanical components and a book titled "Advanced Mechanical Engineering" open beside him.]Sample EssayThe picture vividly depicts an engineer deeply engrossed in his work。
机械专业英语试题及答案
机械专业英语试题及答案12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made fromB. are made up ofC. was produced byD. was consist of13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoidoperationat speeds.A . lowB .overload C. critical D. hollow14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .A. patternB. modelC. moldD. patent15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.A. high pairB. low pairC. surface pairD. rotary pair⼆、完型填空（在每个⼩题四个备选答案中选出⼀个正确答案，本⼤题共15⼩题，每⼩题1分，总计15分）The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings,a nd other devices. These latter members are among the “associated parts” consideredin this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It canbe stationary and serve to (18) a rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an automobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationary depending on (20) the gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial, bending, and(21) loads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically,a rotating shaft transmitting power is (22) to a constant torque (producing a meantorsional stress) together with a completely reversed bending load (producing an alternating bending stress).In addition to satisfying (23) requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts deflection can hamper gear performance and cause (25) noise. The associated angular deflection can be very destructive to no-self- aligning bearings(either plain or rolling). (26) deflection can affect the accuracy of a cam or gear driven mechanism. Furthermore, the greater the flexibility -either lateral or torsional-the lower the corresponding (27) speed.考⽣注意：考试时间 120 分钟试卷总分 100 分共 5 页第 1 页Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but more often such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contact with the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaftis made in variety of ways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub into which the key fits are called keyways.16、 A) cement B) attached C) connected D) concrete17、 A) endure B) transmit C) serve D) connect18、 A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong19、 A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb20、 A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for21、 A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D) acceleration22、 A) subjected B)…connect C) and D) From23、 A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understand D) long time24、 A) identify B) cross C) round D) lateral25、A) lucrative B) objectionable C) attractable D)terrible26、 A) Moment B)Torment C) Torsional D) Movement27、 A) high B) critical C) first D) important28、A) work B) idealization C) integral D)simplification29、 A) mounted onto B) refers C) referring to D) indicates30、 A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternal D) axially三、阅读理解（在每个⼩题四个备选答案中选出⼀个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本⼤题共20⼩题，每⼩题2分，总计40分）Text 1Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine; electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling water as the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials which enable astrona uts to safely reenter the earth’s atmosphere.The vast majority of complex problems in today’s high technology society depend for solution not on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impact of our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature that distinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools and derives its membership from the various engineering professional societies. Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on design订线read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.31、what’s the main meaning of message (1)A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer’s main workC) mechanical engineer’s has good idea D) electrical engineer’ main duty32、In the author’s opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into account manyfactors, from the message who should NOT join into the design team _______.A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) engineersD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph) is _____.A) a set of accredits standardB) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which characterof the following is NOT included in the curriculum ______.A) creativityB) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is ______.A) the roles of engineers in manufacturingB) the importance of mechanical designC) engineering designD) The process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications. Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.共 5 页第 2 页(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM).(4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describingthe part’s shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail forthe part to be manufactured based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detail drawings for each part of an assembly can be placedon a single sheet.Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If differentscales are used, they are clearly marked under each detail. Also, when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between details is carefully planned, including leaving sufficient room for dimensions and notes.36. Based on the message, which of the follow is wrongA) standard parts needn’t drawn as detailsB) for simple parts, sometimes needn’t to draw the detail working drawingC) for large assemblies details may drawn on multiple sheetsD) If different scales used in a single sheet, they should clearly marked undereach detail37. Working drawings for an assembly MAY NOT includes:A) BOM B) title blockC) An assembly or subassembly drawing D) Detail drawings of all parts.38. For detail drawing, Which one of the following statement is not trueA) should not has different scalesB) Detail drawing can produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models.C) detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single partD) should Adhere strictly to ANSI standards39. From the message we can infer ANSI isA) a set of law B) a set of notificationC) an Organization D) IEEE government40. The topic of the message isA) How to design working drawings.B) working drawing’s character and the key influence of how to draw a workingdrawingC) In the design process, what should be consideredD) What is working drawingTEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects’ mechanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time. Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it processes. The system’s DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about one axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..A) accelerations B) forceC) positions, D) velocities42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____A) the service life of a machine B) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.A) It should has one DOFB) It should Has two DOFC) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equalD) It should has any DOF as want44、 which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______.A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axisB) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combinationof rotation and translationC) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into componentsalong three axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、The best title for this passage would be _______.A) kinematics B) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics共 5 页第 3 页1．将下列英语句⼦译成汉语（共5⼩题，每⼩题2分）（1）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.（2）Foundations should ensure the machine’s stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations. (3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.（4）Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, ., able to replace each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.（5）A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.2、将下段英语翻译成汉语（10分）As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived by the designers—that is, it hs been designed so as to answer the question, “exactly what function should it perform” In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.五、英译汉（共20分）1、将下列句⼦译成英语（共5⼩题，每⼩题2分）（1）⼀个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，⽪带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。
机械工程英语试题及答案
机械工程英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the function of a bearing in a mechanical system?A. To support the shaftB. To reduce frictionC. Both A and BD. None of the above2. The term "machinability" refers to:A. The ease with which a material can be machinedB. The hardness of the materialC. The cost of machining a materialD. The strength of the material3. Which of the following is NOT a type of gear?A. Spur gearB. Bevel gearC. Worm gearD. Cam gear4. The process of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy is known as:A. ElectromagnetismB. Electromechanical conversionC. Electromagnetic inductionD. Electrostatics5. What is the primary purpose of a flywheel in an engine?A. To store energyB. To increase fuel efficiencyC. To reduce vibrationsD. To increase horsepower6. The SI unit for pressure is:A. NewtonB. PascalC. JouleD. Watt7. In a hydraulic system, what does the term "pump" refer to?A. A device that generates hydraulic pressureB. A device that reduces hydraulic pressureC. A device that converts hydraulic pressure to mechanical forceD. A device that regulates hydraulic flow8. What is the main advantage of using a belt drive in a mechanical system?A. High efficiencyB. Low maintenanceC. High precisionD. Compact size9. The term "thermal expansion" refers to the:A. Increase in volume of a material when heatedB. Decrease in volume of a material when cooledC. Change in shape of a material due to heatD. Change in color of a material due to heat10. Which of the following is a measure of the hardness of a material?A. Tensile strengthB. Yield strengthC. Modulus of elasticityD. Brinell hardness二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The _______ is the process of removing material from a workpiece to achieve the desired shape and size.(答案：Machining)12. In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the _______ stroke converts the chemical energy of the fuel into mechanical energy.(答案：Power)13. The _______ is the study of the behavior of materials under load.(答案：Mechanics of materials)14. A _______ is a mechanical device that converts the linear motion of a piston into the rotational motion of a crankshaft. (答案：Crank)15. The _______ is the ratio of the output power to the input power of a machine.(答案：Efficiency)16. _______ is the process of joining two or more metal parts by heating them to their melting point and fusing themtogether.(答案：Welding)17. The _______ is a type of gear that has teeth cut diagonally rather than parallel to the axis of the gear.(答案：Hypoid gear)18. _______ is the process of cutting a workpiece by feeding it against a rotating abrasive disk.(答案：Grinding)19. The _______ is the study of the deformation and flow of materials under various forces.(答案：Rheology)20. _______ is the process of shaping a workpiece by pressing it between a punch and a die.(答案：Forging)三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between static and dynamic friction.(答案：Static friction is the frictional force that must be overcome to start moving an object, while dynamic friction is the frictional force that opposes the motion of an object that is already in motion.)22. Describe the function of a clutch in a vehicle.(答案：A clutch is a device that engages and disengages power transmission from the engine to the transmission, allowing the driver to change gears smoothly.)23. What is the purpose of a heat exchanger in a mechanical system?(答案：A heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from one medium to another, typically to cool a system or to preheat a fluid before it enters the system.)24. Explain the concept of stress and strain in materials.(答案：Stress is the internal resistance of a material to deformation when subjected to an external force, while strain is the measure of the deformation of the material under stress.)四、计算题（。
机械制造专业英语--课后答案(部分)
专业英语翻译一（应力与应变）1 基本概念横截面杆的内应力流体静压力拉伸载荷a在横截面均匀分布任意截面形状拉应力压应力a 正应力通过横截面形心压力均匀分布杆末端应力分布高度应力集中轴向载荷杆件 a 拉应变材料拉伸 a 压应变两个长度的比值从纯静态以及几何角度考虑 1 , , . 研究位移、时间和力运动乘力是科学分析法的一个分支，被称作力学，力学由两大部分组成，静力学和动力学。
2 , a , , . 例如：如果止推轴承上的作用力过大的话，会挤出油膜，引起金属和金属之间的相互接触，轴承将过热而迅速失效。
3 , , , a . 力的直观概念包括力的作用点、大小、方向，这些被称为力的三要素。
4 . , , ., , . 所有的物体既可以是弹性的也可以是塑性的，如果受到力的作用就产生变形。
当变形很小的时候它们被假设成刚体，也就是不产生变形。
5 . . 刚体假设不能应用于内应力和内应变的分析，所以在实际力的分析时，要考虑物体的形变。
6 a , a a .如果作用在质点上所有的力是平衡的，质点将会保持静止或做做匀速直线运动。
21) 主要的表现能力2) （）最大单位载荷（应力） 3）应力—应变图 4）简单的拉伸试验 5）断裂伸长率 6）拉伸试样的两端 7）永久变形 8）由此产生的载荷位移曲线 9）a 大量产生的物质 10）屈服点 11) 从弹性到塑性的过度 12）材料属性表 13）塑性变形 14）a 指定的标准式样长度15）此刻的破裂 16）短圆柱标本 17）韧性材料 18）高应力集中 19）极限抗拉强度 20）应变硬化区 1)Aa a . . 拉伸试验包括慢慢加载拉伸载荷直到断裂，拉伸试件两端加粗为了提供装夹区域和避免试件断裂。
2） a , , a . 通常进行试验的方法就是使试件以恒定速度发生变形。
例如，在万能拉伸试验机上，固定端和移动的十字滑块之间的变形是以恒定速度进行的。
3） . FA . 随着实验的进行，用来产生位移的载荷是随位移的变化而变化。
机械专业英语试题及答案
机械专业英语试题及答案一、词汇题（每题1分，共10分）1. The process of changing a solid object into a liquid by heating is called ________.A. meltingB. evaporationC. condensationD. solidification答案：A2. A device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy is known as a ________.A. engineB. generatorC. turbineD. pump答案：A3. The study of the forces and motion of objects is called ________.A. physicsB. mechanicsC. thermodynamicsD. fluid dynamics答案：B4. A machine that uses a rotating wheel to lift water is called a ________.A. pumpB. wheelC. turbineD. lever答案：A5. The process of removing heat from a substance is called ________.A. heatingB. coolingC. insulationD. refrigeration答案：D6. The science of measuring the properties of materials is called ________.A. metrologyB. material scienceC. thermodynamicsD. mechanics答案：A7. A machine that uses a pivot point to multiply force is called a ________.A. leverB. pulleyC. wheel and axleD. inclined plane答案：A8. The process of making a solid object by heating a liquidis called ________.A. meltingB. evaporationC. condensationD. solidification答案：D9. A machine that uses a belt and pulley system to transmit motion is called a ________.A. leverB. pulleyC. wheel and axleD. inclined plane答案：B10. The study of the behavior of materials under stress is called ________.A. mechanicsB. material scienceC. thermodynamicsD. fluid dynamics答案：B二、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下段落，并回答问题。
机械专业英语课后习题答案
机械专业英语课后习题答案机械专业英语课后习题答案在机械专业的学习中，英语是一个必不可少的工具。
通过学习机械专业英语，我们可以更好地理解和应用机械工程领域的知识。
下面是一些机械专业英语课后习题的答案，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
1. 请解释以下术语的意思：a) CNC b) CAD c) CAMa) CNC：CNC是计算机数控的缩写，它是一种通过计算机控制机床进行加工的技术。
通过CNC技术，我们可以实现高精度、高效率的加工过程。
b) CAD：CAD是计算机辅助设计的缩写，它是一种利用计算机软件辅助进行产品设计和制图的技术。
通过CAD技术，我们可以快速、准确地设计出产品的三维模型。
c) CAM：CAM是计算机辅助制造的缩写，它是一种利用计算机软件辅助进行制造过程的技术。
通过CAM技术，我们可以自动化地生成加工程序，提高制造效率和质量。
2. 请解释以下术语的意思：a) torque b) horsepower c) efficiencya) torque：torque是力矩的意思，它是描述力在旋转物体上产生转动效果的物理量。
在机械工程中，我们经常使用力矩来描述机械系统的转动特性。
b) horsepower：horsepower是马力的意思，它是描述功率的单位。
在机械工程中，我们经常使用马力来衡量机械设备的功率大小。
c) efficiency：efficiency是效率的意思，它是描述能量转换或工作过程中能量利用率的物理量。
在机械工程中，我们经常使用效率来评估机械系统的能量转换效果。
3. 请解释以下术语的意思：a) stress b) strain c) modulus of elasticitya) stress：stress是应力的意思，它是描述物体受力后产生的内部力的物理量。
在机械工程中，我们经常使用应力来评估材料的强度和稳定性。
b) strain：strain是应变的意思，它是描述物体受力后产生的形变程度的物理量。
英语机械制造英语30题
英语机械制造英语30题1. In mechanical manufacturing, a "lathe" is used for _____.A. cuttingB. grindingC. turningD. drilling答案：C。
本题考查机械制造中“lathe”（车床）的用途。
选项A“cutting”（（切割）通常不是车床的主要功能；选项B“grinding”（（磨削）一般由磨床完成；选项C“turning”（车削）是车床的主要操作；选项D“drilling”（钻孔）通常由钻床进行。
2. The part of a machine that transmits power is called a _____.A. gearB. shaftC. bearingD. pulley答案：B。
在机械制造中，传递动力的部件被称为“shaft”（轴）。
选项A“gear”（（齿轮）主要用于改变转速和扭矩；选项C“bearing”（（轴承）用于支撑旋转部件；选项D“pulley”（滑轮）主要用于改变力的方向或传递动力，但不是直接传递动力的主要部件。
3. Which of the following tools is used for measuring dimensions accurately in mechanical manufacturing?A. RulerB. CaliperC. ProtractorD. Compass答案：B。
在机械制造中，精确测量尺寸的工具是“Caliper”（卡尺）。
选项A“Ruler”（（尺子）精度相对较低；选项C“Protractor”（（量角器）用于测量角度；选项D“Compass”（（圆规）主要用于绘制圆和圆弧。
4. The process of shaping a metal by applying pressure is called _____.A. castingB. forgingC. weldingD. milling答案：B。
机械专业英语答案
.1. The roles of RPCommuciation, design verification, design optimization, functional testing,RP technique can also be used to make tooling(rapid tooling)and even production-quality parts(rapid manufacturing)2.Examples of manufacturing applications of laser processing and the benefits bylaser processing in each kind of applications.✧Example:Laser processing can be used for surface treating,cutting,drilling,welding,polishing,carving,etc.of most materiial✧Benefit :increased productivityReduce manufacturing costsImprove product qualityIncreased design and production flexbilityNew manufacturing opportunities3.What’s the historical development of CAD?(1)2D Drawing and 3D Wireframe modeling in 1960s(2)Surface modeling in 1970s;(3)Solid modeling in 1980s;(4)Parameterized and variable modeling in 1990s4. Please give the phases that product design process is divided into.Demand Analysis→Conceptual Design→Detail Design→Production Planning5 1).Geometry 2).Material 3). Loading conditions 4). ConstraintsMSC Nastran is the widely used in FEA currently .6 NC Application Characteristics1 Small to medium batch size:simple fixturingshort setup timeprogrammability/flexibility2 Complex part geometry: too difficult for manual methods3 High quality and close tolerances4 Many operations: fewer setups are required5 Much metal to remove6 Large workparts: fewer setups required7.Today flexibility means to produce reasonably priced customized products of high quality that can be quickly delivered to customers.8①Transfer LineMachines dedicated to handle one or two product typesMaximum utilization and high production ratesDirect labor involvement is minimalLow unit cost of production②CNC MachinesHigh level of flexibility.Any job can be processed within the range of CNC machinery Low utilization and low production rateUnit cost is much higher③FMSTrue mid-volume mid-variety manufacturing systems•Consists:–Series of flexible machineries–Automated material handling systems–Automated tool changer–Coordinate measuring machines–Part washers•All the equipments are controlled by a centralcontrollerPermits both sequential and random routing of a wide varietyof partsTo settle tradeoffs between production rats and flexibility.Most manufacturing situations require medium production rates to produce medium volumes with enough flexibility to quicklyreconfigure for change of product.9 Water Jet Machining （WJM）Abrasive Water Jet Machining （AWJM）Ultrasonic Machining （USM）Abrasive jet machining ( AJM) Electrochemical Machining （ECM）.AFM : Abrasive Flow Machining10 What are the popular methods of solid modeling?①Constructive solid geometry (CSG)②Sweep representation(2) can not representation。
机械专业英语试题含答案
机械专业英语试题含答案2010-2011第二学期专业英语试卷A答案1.Translate the following Chinese terms into English ( one pointfor each,20 points for all)1) 汽车与工程机械automobile and construction machinery2) 筑路机械road-making machine3) 发电机generator4) 起动马达self starter5) 方向盘steering wheel6) 进气门inlet valve7) 齿轮泵gear pump8) 机油滤清器oil filter9) 差速器differential10) 摩擦式离合器friction clutch11) 蓄电瓶storage battery12) 铲土运输机scraper13) 塔式起重机tower crane14) 叉车fork lift15) 商业车辆commercial vehicle16) 变速箱transmission box (gear box)17) 带式输送机belt conveyer18) 步履式挖掘机walking excavator19) 颚式砸机jaw crusher20) 履带和轮胎track and tire2.Translate the following English terms into Chinese (one pointfor each, total 20 points)1) gasoline and diesel 汽油和柴油2) flywheel and cam 飞轮和凸轮3) disk brake 盘式制动器4) mechanical vibration 机械振动5) power steering 动力转向6) vibratory roller 振动式压路机7) hydraulic torque converter 液力变矩器8) piston ring 活塞环9) suspension system 悬挂系统10) cab and chassis 驾驶室与底盘11) radiator 散热器12) fuel-injection system 燃油喷射系统13) air compressor 空气压缩机14) lubrication and lubricant 润滑与润滑剂2010-2011第二学期专业英语试卷B答案1. Translate the following English terms into Chinese (one pointfor each，20 points for all)1) automobile and construction machinery 汽车与工程机械2) road-making machine 筑路机械3) generator 发电机4) self starter 起动马达5) steering wheel 方向盘6) inlet valve 进气门7) gear pump 齿轮泵8) oil filter 机油滤清器9) differential 差速器10) friction brake 摩擦式制动器11) storage battery 蓄电瓶12) scraper 铲土运输机13) tower crane 塔式起重机14) fork lift truck 叉车15) engineering vehicle 工程车辆16) transmission box 变速箱17) conveyer 输送机18) ripper 松土器19) milling machine 铣刨机20) bucket 铲斗2.Translate the following Chinese terms into English (one pointfor each, total 20 points)1) 汽油和柴油gasoline and diesel2) 飞轮flywheel3) 制动器brake4) 机械振动mechanical vibration5) 动力转向power steering6) 振动式压路机vibratory roller7) 液力变矩器hydraulic torque converter8) 拖拉机tractor9) 悬挂系统suspension system10) 驾驶室与底盘cab and chassis11) 行星齿轮系planetary gear train12) 燃油喷射系统fuel-injection system13) 空气压缩机air compressor14) 润滑与润滑剂lubrication and lubricant15) 打桩机pile driving equipment16) 液压挖掘机hydraulic excavator17) 混凝土摊铺机concrete paver18) 搅拌车truck mixer19) 铣刨机milling machine20) 铲斗bucket3．Answer the following questions briefly(5 points for each, 20 points for all)1) What is the difference between a petrol engine and a diesel engine?The difference is that in the former an explosive mixture of air and gas is made externally to the engine cylinder, compressed and ignored by an electric spark. 2）What are the function and types of clutches？A clutch is a device for quickly and easily connecting and disconnecting a rotatable shaft and a rotating coaxial shaft，which allows two components，usually drive shaft to be engaged or disengaged by its operation.Electromagnetic, dry friction plate, multi-oil immersed plate, centrifugal and vane are just some of the various types of clutch avaible. The job of the clutch is to disconnect the engine from the road wheels while changing gear and then to allow the engine to pick speed smoothly, which is especially important on starting.3) What are the definitions of a crane and a hoist?A crane can lift loads and move them to a different position in the horizontalplane, unlike a hoist which is only a lifting device.4) What are all types of conveyers?They are belt conveyer, chain conveyer, screw conveyer, vibrating conveyer.4. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (40 points)A. Part One (5 points for each , 20 points for all)第一部分1）发动机是独立的动力装置，并将燃料的热能转换成机械能，用以推动车辆前进。
机械工程专业英语李娜主编答案
机械工程专业英语李娜主编答案1、_____ to wait for hours,she brought along a book to read. [单选题] *A. ExpectedB. Expecting(正确答案)C. ExpectsD. To expect2、It seems slow for children to become _____ ,while adults often feel time flies. [单选题] *A. growns-upsB. growns-upC. grown upsD. grown-ups(正确答案)3、I’d?like _______ the English club. [单选题] *A. to join inB. joinC. to join(正确答案)D. join in4、____ of my parents has been to my school, so they know _____ of my classmates. [单选题] *A. Neither, none(正确答案)B. No one, noneC. None, no oneD. Neither, no one5、There is _______ meat in the fridge.Lets go and buy some. [单选题] *A. little(正确答案)B. a littleC. fewD. a few6、He’s so careless that he always _______ his school things at home. [单选题] *A. forgetsB. leaves(正确答案)C. putsD. buys7、--Whose _______ are these?? ? ? --I think they are John·s. [单选题] *A. keyB. keyesC. keys(正确答案)D. keies8、The news is?_______. We are all _______ at it. [单选题] *A. exciting;?excited(正确答案)B. excited;?excitingC. exciting;?excitingD. excited;?excited9、You cannot see the doctor _____ you have made an appointment with him. [单选题] *A. exceptB.evenC. howeverD.unless(正确答案)10、Jim is a(n) _______. He is very careful and likes to work with numbers. [单选题] *A. secretaryB. tour guideC. accountant(正确答案)D. English teacher11、（）it is to have a cold drink on a hot day! [单选题] *A. What a great funB. How great funC. What great fun(正确答案)D. How a great fun12、Don’t ______. He is OK. [单选题] *A. worriedB. worry(正确答案)C. worried aboutD. worry about13、The managing director took the（）for the accident, although it was not his fault. [单选题] *A. GuiltB. charge(正确答案)C. blameD. accusation14、What’s the price and what sort of _______ do you offer? [单选题] *A. advantageB. accountC. displayD. discount(正确答案)15、My mother’s birthday is coming. I want to buy a new shirt ______ her.（）[单选题] *A. atB. for(正确答案)C. toD. with16、You should _______ your card. [单选题] *A. drawB. depositC. investD. insert(正确答案)17、8．Turn right ________ Danba Road and walk ________ the road, then you will findMeilong Middle school. [单选题] *A．in...alongB．into...along (正确答案)C．in...onD．into...on18、If you want to _______, you’d better eat more healthy food and do more exercise. [单选题] *A. keep fatB. keep calmC. keep healthy(正确答案)D. keep on19、There are still some wild tigers alive. [单选题] *A. 聪明的B. 凶恶的C. 野生的(正确答案)D. 珍贵的20、Now people can _______ with their friends far away by e-mail, cellphone or letter. [单选题] *A. keep onB. keep in touch(正确答案)C. keep upD. keep off21、I have worked all day. I'm so tired that I need _____ . [单选题] *A. a night restB. rest of nightC. a night's rest(正确答案)D. a rest of night22、—______?—He can do kung fu.（）[单选题] *A. What does Eric likeB. Can Eric do kung fuC. What can Eric do(正确答案)D. Does Eric like kung fu23、5 He wants to answer the ________ because it is an interesting one. [单选题] * A．problemB．question(正确答案)C．doorD．plan24、Nick got out of bed and _______ a shower. [单选题] *A. practicedB. took(正确答案)C. didD. made25、—When are you going to Hainan Island for a holiday? —______ the morning of 1st May.（）[单选题] *A. InB. AtC. On(正确答案)D. For26、Was（）that I saw last night at the concert? [单选题] *A. it you(正确答案)B. not youC. youD. that yourself27、33．Body language is even___________ and ___________ than any other language. [单选题] *A．stronger, loudB．strong, louderC．strong, loudD．stronger, louder (正确答案)28、_____he was seriously ill, I wouldn’t have told him the truth. [单选题] *A.If I knewB.Had I known(正确答案)C.Did I knowD.Were I known29、Do you know what（）the change in his attitude? [单选题] *A. got throughB. brought about(正确答案)C. turned intoD. resulted from30、40．—________ apples do we need to make fruit salad?—Let me think…We need three apples. [单选题] *A．How longB．How oftenC．How muchD．How many(正确答案)。
机械英语试题及答案高中
机械英语试题及答案高中一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The machine is designed to operate at high ________.A. speedB. pressureC. efficiencyD. temperature答案：B2. The ________ of the engine is crucial for its performance.A. maintenanceB. designC. structureD. material答案：A3. The ________ of the gearbox is to transfer power from the engine to the wheels.A. functionB. purposeC. mechanismD. process答案：A4. The ________ of this machine is to reduce the noise level.A. featureB. characteristicC. advantageD. benefit答案：A5. The robot arm is controlled by a ________ system.A. hydraulicB. pneumaticC. electronicD. manual答案：C6. The ________ of the engine is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM).A. speedB. efficiencyC. powerD. torque答案：A7. The ________ of the machine is essential for its stability.A. balanceB. weightC. sizeD. shape答案：A8. The ________ is used to cut metal in a precise manner.A. latheB. drillC. sawD. grinder答案：C9. The ________ is responsible for the movement of the machine.A. motorB. controllerC. sensorD. actuator答案：D10. The ________ is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.A. batteryB. generatorC. transformerD. motor答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The ________ of the machine is to ensure that it operates within safe parameters.答案：safety system2. The ________ is the part of the machine that provides the necessary force to perform work.答案：actuator3. The ________ is used to measure the temperature of the machine's components.答案：thermometer4. The ________ is a type of machine that can perform complextasks without human intervention.答案：robot5. The ________ is a device that controls the flow of fluids in a hydraulic system.答案：valve6. The ________ is a type of machine that uses compressed air to operate.答案：pneumatic system7. The ________ is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.答案：generator8. The ________ is a device that measures the force exerted on an object.答案：load cell9. The ________ is a type of machine that can be programmed to perform specific tasks.答案：automated machine10. The ________ is a device that controls the speed and direction of a motor.答案：controller三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 描述一下什么是机械传动系统，并举例说明其在机械中的应用。
机械专业英语第三版课后答案
机械专业英语第三版课后答案1、There is _______ meat in the fridge.Lets go and buy some. [单选题] *A. little(正确答案)B. a littleC. fewD. a few2、85．You’d better? ? ? ? ? a taxi, or you’ll be late. [单选题] * A．take(正确答案)B．takingC．tookD．to take3、The rain is very heavy _______ we have to stay at home. [单选题] *A. butB. becauseC. so(正确答案)D. and4、--Why are you late for school today?--I’m sorry. I didn’t catch the early bus and I had to _______ the next one. [单选题] *A. wait for(正确答案)B. ask forC. care forD. stand for5、Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _______. [单选题] *A. takes offB. is taking off(正确答案)C. has taken offD. took off6、Look! There are some boats ______ the river.（）[单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. overC. betweenD. in7、She passed me in the street, but took no（）of me. [单选题] *Attention (正确答案)B. watchC. careD. notice8、The story has _______ a lot of students in our class. [单选题] *A. attracted(正确答案)B. attackedC. appearedD. argued9、This is the news _______ you want to know. [单选题] *A. that(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. who10、—Is this ______ football, boy? —No, it is not ______.（）[单选题] *A. yours; myB. your; mine(正确答案)C. your; meD. yours; mine11、If you don’t feel well, you’d better ask a ______ for help. [单选题] *A. policemanB. driverC. pilotD. doctor(正确答案)12、We had ____ wonderful lunch last Saturday. [单选题] *A. /B. theC. oneD. a(正确答案)13、67．—What can I do for you?—I'm looking at that dress.It looks nice.May I ________？[单选题] *A．hold it onB．try it on(正确答案)C．take it offD．get it off14、During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat _______ as a traditional Chinese food. [单选题] *A. pizzaB. dumplings(正确答案)C. hamburgersD. noodles15、26．There’s some fruit in the kitchen. We ________ buy any. [单选题] *A．need toB．needn’t toC．don’t needD．don’t need to(正确答案)16、We have _______ a double room with a bath for you in the hotel. [单选题] *A. boughtB. reserved(正确答案)C. madeD. taken17、—______ Tom play the piano?—Yes, very well. （）[单选题] *A. Can(正确答案)B. MayC. MustD. Should18、My dog is very _______. It is safe to touch it if you want to. [单选题] *A. luckyB. deliciousC. friendly(正确答案)D. helpful19、When Max rushed to the classroom, his classmates _____ exercises attentively. [单选题] *A. didB. have doneC. were doing(正确答案)D. do20、What time _______ he get home every day? [单选题] *A. isB. does(正确答案)C. doD. am21、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would22、( )He gave us____ on how to keep fit. [单选题] *A. some advicesB. some advice(正确答案)C. an adviceD. a advice23、Our campus is _____ big that we need a bike to make it. [单选题] *A. veryB. so(正确答案)C. suchD. much24、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you25、What did you _______ at the meeting yesterday? [单选题] *A. speakB. tellC. say(正确答案)D. talk26、—What’s wrong with you, Mike?—I’m really tired because I studied for today’s test ______ midnight last night. （）[单选题] *A. althoughB. unlessC. until(正确答案)D. so that27、--_______ does Ben go to school?--By bus. [单选题] *A. How(正确答案)B. WhatC. WhereD. Why28、37．—What will you be ___________?—I'm not sure. Maybe I'll be a doctor like my father. [单选题] *A．right nowB．in the future(正确答案)C．at onceD．at the moment29、The family will have _______ good time in Shanghai Disneyland. [单选题] *A. theB. a(正确答案)C. anD. /30、32．There are about __________ women doctors in this hospital. [单选题] *A．two hundred ofB．two hundreds ofC．two hundredsD．two hundred (正确答案)。
机械制造专业英语课后答案(部分)
专业英语翻译一stress and strain（应力与应变）1the fundamental concepts 基本概念cross section 横截面 the internal stresses produced in the bar 杆的内应力continuous distribution of hydrostatic pressure 流体静压力 the tensile load 拉伸载荷 a uniform distribution over the cross section 在横截面均匀分布arbitrary cross-sectional shape 任意截面形状 tensile stresses 拉应力 compressive stresses 压应力 a normal stress 正应力through the centroid of the cross sectional area 通过横截面形心the uniform stress condition 压力均匀分布 the stress distribution at the ends of the bar 杆末端应力分布 high localized stresses 高度应力集中 an axially loaded bar 轴向载荷杆件 a tensile strain 拉应变 an elongation or stretching of the material 材料拉伸 a compressive strain 压应变 the ratio of two lengths 两个长度的比值 purely statical and geometrical considerations 从纯静态以及几何角度考虑 1.That branch of scientific analysis which motions, times and forces is called mechanics and ismade up of two parts, statics and dynamics. 研究位移、时间和力运动乘力是科学分析法的一个分支，被称作力学，力学由两大部分组成，静力学和动力学。
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第一单元? Types of Materials材料的类型Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials.材料可以按多种方法分类。
科学家常根据状态将材料分为：固体、液体或气体。
他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。
For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products.就工业效用而言，材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。
那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。
Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become part of the product.非工程材料则是化学品、燃料、润滑剂以及其它用于加工制造过程但不成为产品组成部分的材料。
Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: ①Metal ②Ceramics ③Composite ④Polymers, etc.工程材料还能进一步细分为：①金属材料②陶瓷材料③复合材料④聚合材料，等等。
? Metals and Metal Alloys金属和金属合金Metals are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity. Many metals have high strength, high stiffness, and have good ductility.金属就是通常具有良好导电性和导热性的元素。
许多金属具有高强度、高硬度以及良好的延展性。
Some metals, such as iron, cobalt and nickel, are magnetic. At low temperatures, some metals and intermetallic compounds become superconductors.某些金属能被磁化，例如铁、钴和镍。
在极低的温度下，某些金属和金属化合物能转变成超导体。
What is the difference between an alloy and a pure metal? Pure metals are elements which come from a particular area of the periodic table. Examples of pure metals include copper in electrical wires and aluminum in cooking foil and beverage cans.合金与纯金属的区别是什么？纯金属是在元素周期表中占据特定位置的元素。
例如电线中的铜和制造烹饪箔及饮料罐的铝。
Alloys contain more than one metallic element. Their properties can be changed by changing the elements present in the alloy. Examples of metal alloys include stainless steel which is an alloy of iron, nickel, and chromium; and gold jewelry which usually contains an alloy of gold and nickel. 合金包含不止一种金属元素。
合金的性质能通过改变其中存在的元素而改变。
金属合金的例子有：不锈钢是一种铁、镍、铬的合金，以及金饰品通常含有金镍合金。
Why are metals and alloys used? Many metals and alloys have high densities and are used in applications which require a high mass-to-volume ratio.为什么要使用金属和合金？许多金属和合金具有高密度，因此被用在需要较高质量体积比的场合。
Some metal alloys, such as those based on aluminum, have low densities and are used in aerospace applications for fuel economy. Many alloys also have high fracture toughness, which means they can withstand impact and are durable.某些金属合金，例如铝基合金，其密度低，可用于航空航天以节约燃料。
许多合金还具有高断裂韧性，这意味着它们能经得起冲击并且是耐用的。
What are some important properties of metals?Density is defined as a material’s mass divided by its volume. Most metals have relatively high densities, especially compared to polymers.金属有哪些重要特性？密度定义为材料的质量与其体积之比。
大多数金属密度相对较高，尤其是和聚合物相比较而言。
Materials with high densities often contain atoms with high atomic numbers, such as gold or lead. However, some metals such as aluminum or magnesium have low densities, and are used in applications that require other metallic properties but also require low weight.高密度材料通常由较大原子序数原子构成，例如金和铅。
然而，诸如铝和镁之类的一些金属则具有低密度，并被用于既需要金属特性又要求重量轻的场合。
Fracture toughness can be described as a material’s ability to avoid fracture, especially when a flaw is introduced. Metals can generally contain nicks and dents without weakening very much, and are impact resistant. A football player counts on this when he trusts that his facemask won’t shatter.断裂韧性可以描述为材料防止断裂特别是出现缺陷时不断裂的能力。
金属一般能在有缺口和凹痕的情况下不显著削弱，并且能抵抗冲击。
橄榄球运动员据此相信他的面罩不会裂成碎片。
Plastic deformation is the ability of bend or deform before breaking. As engineers, we usually design materials so that they don’t deform under normal conditions. You don’t want your car to lean to the east after a strong west wind.塑性变形就是在断裂前弯曲或变形的能力。
作为工程师，设计时通常要使材料在正常条件下不变形。
没有人愿意一阵强烈的西风过后自己的汽车向东倾斜。
However, sometimes we can take advantage of plastic deformation. The crumple zones in a car absorb energy by undergoing plastic deformation before they break.然而，有时我们也能利用塑性变形。
汽车上压皱的区域在它们断裂前通过经历塑性变形来吸收能量。
The atomic bonding of metals also affects their properties. In metals, the outer valence electrons are shared among all atoms, and are free to travel everywhere. Since electrons conduct heat and electricity, metals make good cooking pans and electrical wires.金属的原子连结对它们的特性也有影响。
在金属内部，原子的外层阶电子由所有原子共享并能到处自由移动。
由于电子能导热和导电，所以用金属可以制造好的烹饪锅和电线。
It is impossible to see through metals, since these valence electrons absorb any photons of light which reach the metal. No photons pass through.因为这些阶电子吸收到达金属的光子，所以透过金属不可能看得见。
没有光子能通过金属。