Women in Computing around the World an Initial Comparison of International Statistics

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2025年研究生考试考研英语(二204)试卷与参考答案

2025年研究生考试考研英语(二204)试卷与参考答案

2025年研究生考试考研英语(二204)复习试卷与参考答案一、完型填空(10分)Part A: Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the best word or phrase to fill in each of the blanks. Each blank has four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose one answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The rise of the Internet and social media has dramatically changed the way people communicate. (1) __________, these technological advancements have brought both benefits and challenges.1.A. HoweverB. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. ThereforeIn the past, communication was primarily (2)__________through letters and phone calls, which were time-consuming and limited in terms of (3) __________.2.A. conductedB. transmittedC. exchangedD. achieved3.A. speedB. reachC. clarityD. frequencyToday, (4)__________communication is instantaneous and allows for global connectivity. People can (5)__________with anyone, anywhere in the world, in just a few clicks.4.A. oralB. writtenC. digitalD. visual5.A. interactB. correspondC. correspond withD. communicateHowever, (6)__________these advantages, there are concerns about the quality of communication. The (7)__________of communication through social media can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations.6.A. DespiteB. In light ofC. ConsideringD. Given7.A. speedB. volumeC. diversityD. complexityFor instance, (8)__________language often lacks the nuances and subtleties that are present in face-to-face interactions, which can (9)__________to miscommunication.8.A. informalB. formalC. writtenD. spoken9.A. contributeB. resultC. leadD. deriveMoreover, the (10)__________of social media can also have negative impacts on mental health. Excessive use of social media can lead to (11)__________and feelings of isolation.10.A. convenienceB. popularityC. accessibilityD. prevalence11.A. anxietyB. depressionC. fatigueD. stressTo mitigate these negative effects, it is important for individuals to(12)__________their use of social media and focus on(13)__________communication.12.A. controlB. reduceC. manageD. limit13.A. digitalB. writtenC. verbalD. face-to-faceIn conclusion, while the Internet and social media have revolutionized communication, it is crucial to recognize both the benefits and the challenges they present. By being mindful of our communication habits and seeking a balance, we can harness the power of technology while protecting our mental well-being.14.A. HoweverB. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. Therefore15.A. conductedB. transmittedC. exchangedD. achieved16.A. speedB. reachC. clarityD. frequency17.A. oralB. writtenC. digitalD. visual18.A. interactB. correspondC. correspond withD. communicate19.A. DespiteB. In light ofC. ConsideringD. Given20.A. speedB. volumeC. diversityD. complexityAnswers:1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.A7.B8.A9.C10.D11.B12.C13.D14.A15.A16.B17.C18.A19.A20.B二、传统阅读理解(本部分有4大题,每大题10分,共40分)第一题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way people shop, creating both opportunities and challenges for businesses. Online shopping has become increasingly popular due to its convenience, wide variety of products, and competitive pricing. However, this shift has also led to the closure of many brick-and-mortar stores and has raised concerns about the future of traditional retail.1、Why has online shopping become increasingly popular?A. It is less convenient than traditional shopping.B. It offers a wider variety of products.C. It is more expensive than traditional shopping.D. It is less competitive than traditional shopping.2、What is one of the main reasons for the closure of many brick-and-mortar stores?A. The rise of e-commerce.B. Increased competition from other businesses.C. Higher operating costs.D. Lack of customer interest.3、What concerns have been raised about the future of traditional retail?A. The decline in sales at physical stores.B. The potential loss of jobs in the retail sector.C. The reduction in customer satisfaction.D. The increase in the number of online scams.4、According to the passage, what is one of the advantages of online shopping?A. It requires customers to leave their homes.B. It offers limited customer service options.C. It can lead to a decrease in the variety of products.D. It is more time-consuming than traditional shopping.5、What is the author’s main point about the impact of e-commerce on traditional retail?A. E-commerce is solely beneficial to consumers.B. E-commerce is causing the demise of traditional retail.C. E-commerce and traditional retail are complementary to each other.D. The impact of e-commerce on traditional retail is minimal.Answers:1.B2.A3.B4.B5.B第二题Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions below.In the age of information, the way we consume and process information has undergone a dramatic transformation. The advent of the internet and digital technology has revolutionized the way we access knowledge, communicate, and learn. One of the most significant changes is the shift from traditional print media to digital media.1、The first paragraph of the passage introduces the topic of:A. The impact of digital technology on traditional media.B. The evolution of information consumption over time.C. The role of the internet in modern society.D. The challenges of digital literacy in the information age.2、According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the transformation in information consumption?A. There has been a gradual shift from print media to digital media.B. There has been a complete elimination of print media.C. The consumption of both print and digital media has decreased.D. The popularity of print media has remained consistent.3、The author mentions “the advent of the internet and digital technology” as a significant factor. What does this imply about their impact?A. They have had a minimal impact on our lives.B. They have revolutionized the way we access and process information.C. They have only affected certain segments of the population.D. They have been detrimental to our ability to learn.4、The passage suggests that the shift to digital media has led to:A. An increase in the amount of time people spend reading.B. A decrease in the quality of information available.C. A more diverse range of information sources.D. A reliance on technology for all forms of learning.5、What is the overall tone of the passage?A. CriticalB. NeutralC. EnthusiasticD. PessimisticAnswers:1、B2、A3、B4、C5、B第三题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.In recent years, the rise of social media has dramatically changed the way we communicate and interact with each other. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become an integral part of our daily lives, allowing us to connect with friends and family across the globe. However, this convenience has come at a cost, as social media has also been linked to various negative effects on mental health.1、The passage mentions several social media platforms. Which of the following is NOT mentioned?A. FacebookB. LinkedInC. TwitterD. Instagram2、According to the passage, what is the primary concern regarding social media’s impact on mental health?A. It increases productivity in the workplace.B. It enhances social connections.C. It has a negative impact on mental health.D. It improves communication skills.3、The author suggests that the convenience of social media is:A. the only benefit of using these platforms.B. outweighed by its negative effects.C. a minor aspect of social media use.D. the main reason for its widespread popularity.4、Which of the following is an example of a negative effect of social media on mental health mentioned in the passage?A. Improved job opportunities.B. Increased self-esteem.C. Higher levels of stress and anxiety.D. Enhanced creativity.5、The author’s tone towards social media can best be described as:A. enthusiastic and supportive.B. critical and concerned.C. neutral and objective.D. negative and dismissive.Answers:1、B2、C3、B4、C5、B第四题Reading Passage 1Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.In the United States, the history of women’s education dates back to thecolonial period. During this time, most women were educated at home, with the help of their mothers and other family members. However, as the country grew and the demand for educated women increased, the need for formal education for women also grew. The first women’s college, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, w as founded in 1837 by Mary Lyon. This college was a significant step in the history of women’s education, as it provided a place for women to receive a higher education.After the Civil War, the number of women’s colleges in the United States increased dramatically. Many of these colleges were founded by women who were educated themselves and believed that education was essential for women’s advancement. One of the most influential women’s colleges during this time was Vassar College, founded in 1861. Vassar was the first college in the United States to offer a co-educational curriculum.In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the role of women in society began to change. As more women entered the workforce, the need for higher education became even more important. Women’s colleges began to offer more professional and vocational programs to prepare women for careers in medicine, law, and other fields. This period also saw the rise of the women’s suffrage movement, which advocated for women’s right to vote. The fight for suffrage brought women together and highlighted the importance of education in achieving equality.The 20th century was a time of significant change for women’s education. The number of women attending college increased dramatically, and the numberof women earning college degrees also grew. In 1972, Title IX of the Education Amendments was passed, which prohibited discrimination based on sex in any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. This law had a profoun d impact on women’s education, as it opened the door for more women to participate in higher education and pursue their careers.Today, women’s education has become an integral part of American society. Women are attending college and earning degrees in all fields of study. The history of women’s education in the United States is a testament to the determination and resilience of women who have fought for the right to be educated.1、What was the main purpose of the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary?A、To educate men.B、To provide a place for women to receive a higher education.C、To train women for teaching.D、To offer vocational programs.2、What was the significance of Vassar College during the post-Civil War period?A、It was the first college to offer a co-educational curriculum.B、It was the first women’s college to offer professional and vocational programs.C、It was the first college to admit African American students.D、It was the first college to offer a degree in women’s studies.3、What impact did the women’s suffrage movement have on women’s education?A、It led to the creation of more women’s colleges.B、It highlighted the importance of education in achieving equality.C、It resulted in the passage of Title IX.D、It reduced the number of women attending college.4、How did Title IX of the Education Amendments affect women’s education?A、It increased the number of women attending college.B、It reduced the number of women attending college.C、It had no impact on women’s education.D、It increased the number of women earning college degrees.5、What is the main point of the passage?A、The history of women’s education in the United States is a testament to the determination and resilience of women.B、Women’s education has always been a prio rity in the United States.C、The United States has always had a high percentage of women attending college.D、The role of women in society has not changed over time.三、阅读理解新题型(10分)Reading Comprehension Part B (New Type)PassageIn the era of digital transformation, the role of data analytics indecision-making has become increasingly significant. Organizations across various sectors are leveraging data analytics to gain insights, predict trends, and improve their operations. However, with the exponential growth of data, the need for skilled professionals in data analytics has surged. This passage discusses the importance of data analytics in modern business and the skills required to excel in this field.QuestionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.PassageData analytics is the process of examining large sets of data to uncover meaningful patterns, trends, and insights. It involves various techniques, such as statistical analysis, data mining, and machine learning, to extract valuable information from raw data. In today’s business environment, data analytics plays a crucial role in several aspects:1.Strategic Decision-Making: Data analytics enables businesses to make informed decisions based on factual evidence rather than intuition or guesswork. By analyzing historical data, companies can identify trends and patterns that may not be apparent through traditional analysis methods.2.Customer Insights: Understanding customer behavior is vital for businesses to develop effective marketing strategies and enhance customer satisfaction. Data analytics can help businesses uncover insights into customer preferences, buying habits, and feedback, leading to personalized marketing campaigns and improved customer experiences.3.Operational Efficiency: Data analytics can streamline business operations by identifying inefficiencies and suggesting improvements. For instance, analyzing supply chain data can help organizations optimize inventory levels and reduce costs.4.Predictive Modeling: Predictive analytics, a subset of data analytics, involves using historical data to make predictions about future events. This can be particularly useful in industries such as finance, healthcare, and retail, where anticipating future trends can lead to competitive advantages.Questions1.What is the primary purpose of data analytics in business decision-making?A. To enhance creativity and innovation.B. To base decisions on factual evidence.C. To eliminate the need for research.D. To provide entertainment for employees.2.According to the passage, how can data analytics benefit customer satisfaction?A. By reducing customer interaction.B. By providing personalized marketing campaigns.C. By increasing the number of competitors.D. By decreasing customer feedback.3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect where data analytics can improve business operations?A. Supply chain management.B. Marketing strategies.C. Employee training.D. Inventory optimization.4.What is the main advantage of predictive analytics over traditional analysis methods?A. It requires less historical data.B. It can be used for a wider range of industries.C. It provides more accurate predictions.D. It is less time-consuming.5.Why is data analytics becoming increasingly important in modern business?A. Due to the decline in data availability.B. Due to the rise in data volume.C. Due to the decrease in skilled professionals.D. Due to the elimination of traditional analysis methods.Answers1.B. To base decisions on factual evidence.2.B. By providing personalized marketing campaigns.3.C. Employee training.4.C. It provides more accurate predictions.5.B. Due to the rise in data volume.四、翻译(本大题有5小题,每小题3分,共15分)第一题Translate the following passage into English.原文:“随着互联网的普及,人们获取信息的渠道越来越多样化。

了不起的女性英文作文

了不起的女性英文作文

了不起的女性英文作文示例1:Title: The Extraordinary Women: A Journey of Strength, Resilience, and ImpactIn the vast tapestry of human history, women have played pivotal roles, defying stereotypes, breaking barriers, and shaping the world around us. From trailblazers in science to everyday heroes in their communities, they have exhibited an indomitable spirit that transcends boundaries. This essay will delve into the accomplishments and contributions of these remarkable women, highlighting their resilience, courage, and the profound impact they have had on society.Firstly, let's look at some of the extraordinary female figures who have made their mark in the realm of science. Marie Curie, the Polish-French physicist and chemist, was a pioneer in radioactivity, discovering both polonium and radium. Her relentless pursuit of knowledge and groundbreaking discoveries earned her two Nobel Prizes, defying societal norms that often confined women to domestic spheres. Her legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists, reminding us of the power of determination and intellectualcuriosity.Another inspiring figure is Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician known for her work on Charles Babbage's analytical engine. She is recognized as the first computer programmer, envisioning the potential of computers far beyond mere calculation, foreshadowing the digital revolution. Lovelace's visionary thinking showcases the intellectual prowess of women and their ability to shape technological advancements.Moving from the scientific to the political arena, we find Indira Gandhi, India's first and only female Prime Minister. Her leadership during times of crisis, such as the Bangladesh Liberation War and Operation Blue Star, demonstrated strength and resilience in the face of adversity. Gandhi's unwavering commitment to her country's welfare and her ability to unite a diverse population are testaments to the power of women's leadership.In the realm of art, Frida Kahlo, the Mexican painter, captivated the world with her deeply personal and emotive works. Through her paintings, she explored themes of pain, identity, and cultural heritage, challenging gender norms and societal expectations.Kahlo's artistic genius not only brought attention to the plight of women but also paved the way for future generations of artists to express themselves freely.The list goes on, with women like Malala Yousafzai, a Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest Nobel laureate, showing the world the power of voice and the importance of education for all. Her courage in standing up against the Taliban's ban on girls' education is a testament to the indomitable spirit of many women worldwide.As we reflect on these extraordinary women, it is crucial to recognize the systemic barriers they faced and continue to face. Despite these challenges, they persevered, breaking down stereotypes and inspiring countless others to follow in their footsteps. Their achievements remind us that gender does not limit a person's potential, and that women's contributions are just as essential to the progress of humanity.In conclusion, the women mentioned above and countless others are living proof of the incredible power and resilience of the feminine spirit. They have defied expectations, made groundbreakingcontributions, and left a lasting impact on our world. It is our duty to honor their legacies by continuing to empower and uplift women, ensuring that their voices are heard and their talents are fully realized. For it is through the collective strength of all women that we can create a more equitable and inclusive society, where everyone has the opportunity to shine.中文翻译:题目:非凡女性:力量、韧性和影响力的旅程在人类历史的广阔画卷中,女性扮演着至关重要的角色,她们挑战刻板印象,突破障碍,塑造我们周围的世界。

浙江省温州九校2024学年高三第二轮复习测试卷英语试题(三)含解析

浙江省温州九校2024学年高三第二轮复习测试卷英语试题(三)含解析

浙江省温州九校2024学年高三第二轮复习测试卷英语试题(三)考生请注意:1.答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内,不得在试卷上作任何标记。

2.第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后,需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内,第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。

3.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1.---The prices of vegetables are going up madly. I t’s really too much for us.---But for the situation where many vegetable producing areas _____ constant low temperature, things would not be like this.A.meet with B.have met withC.met with D.had met with2.Each party _______ respect the articles of this contract, or a double-sized financial punishment is a must.A.will B.could C.shall D.should3.General Secretary, Xi Jinping, stressed that cross-strait cooperation would be strengthened________ the two sides could agree to oppose Taiwan independence.A.unless B.even ifC.as long as D.until4.They have leading experts in this field,and that's __________ they've made important progress.A.where B.whyC.whether D.who5.Various efforts ________ in the past decades to protect the environment.A.had made B.have madeC.were made D.have been made6.—It’s too complex, I think.—________. So we’d better make it easier for students to get involved.A.That’s ridiculous B.That’s the pointC.That’s settled D.That’s all right7.A lot of food as well as some tents _________to Yushu since the earthquake occurred.A.has been transported B.have been transportedC.is being transported D.are transported8..Opening the book, she found in it a white, plain envelope with her name ______ on it.A.to print B.printed C.printing D.print9.________ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A.Giving B.GivenC.To give D.Give10.After the fire,________________ would otherwise be a cultural center is now reduced to a pile of ashes.A.that B.itC.what D.which11.—What do you think of your journey to Yunnan?—Everything is very fantastic,especially its fresh air.It is pleasant ________.A.breathed B.being breathedC.to be breathed D.to breathe12._______ travelling expenses rising a lot, we had to change all our plans for the tour.A.As B.By C.Since D.With13.He’s as a “bellyacher”—he’s always complaining about something.A.who is known B.whom is knownC.what is known D.which is known14.The educational reform is now under way throughout the country, ________ the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential.A.to grant B.having grantedC.granting D.granted15.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A.who B.whichC.what D.that16.—Do you like the mobile game Traveling Frog?—Yes, the posts about the virtual green frog ________ over 4 million times.A.have read B.have been readC.would be read D.are reading17.They did everything in their power to save the building dating back to the Qing Dynasty, but their effortswere .A.in turn B.in timeC.in vain D.in need18.If it ________ for her great help then, I would not study English so well now.A.hasn’t been B.wasn’tC.hadn’t been D.isn’t19.worries the public that air pollution is becoming more and more serious these days.A.It B.That C.What D.This20.Given the huge gap _______ economic development and cultural consciousness, young people find big cities are saferthan small towns.A.in view of B.in case of C.in consequence of D.in respect of第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

近百年对世界影响最大的发明英语作文

近百年对世界影响最大的发明英语作文

近百年对世界影响最大的发明英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1The Most Impactful Inventions of the Last 100 YearsWe're living in an era of unprecedented technological progress. Over just the past century, groundbreaking inventions have transformed our world in unimaginable ways. As a student, I'm in awe of the brilliant minds behind these innovations that have shaped modern society. In this essay, I'll explore what I believe are the most impactful inventions since the 1920s and their profound effects on our daily lives.The first pivotal invention I'd like to discuss is the internet. Although its origins date back to the 1960s, it was the development of the World Wide Web in 1989 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee that truly sparked the internet revolution. This global network has become deeply embedded into the fabric of 21st century life, revolutionizing how we communicate, work, learn, shop, and entertain ourselves.As students, the internet has been an invaluable resource for research and education. We have the entirety of humanknowledge at our fingertips through online libraries and databases. Lessons and lectures can happen virtually, democratizing access to quality education globally. The internet's impact simply cannot be overstated – it has connected our world in unprecedented ways.Next, I'd highlight the immense importance of vaccines and antimicrobial drugs. Life expectancy has skyrocketed since the invention of penicillin in 1928 and the subsequent development of antibiotics, antivirals, and vaccines that can prevent and treat infectious diseases. Epidemics that once devastated populations can now be controlled. As a direct result of vaccines, smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980 by the World Health Organization.As students, we've been protected by a host of routine immunizations that allow us to learn and grow up healthy. Without these extraordinary medical inventions, schools would face constant outbreaks of measles, polio, and other illnesses. The ability to treat bacterial and viral infections has transformed public health beyond recognition compared to a century ago.Another epochal breakthrough is the invention of nuclear technology, both for energy generation and arguably as the most destructive weapon ever created. The first controllednuclear fission chain reaction in 1942 changed the course of modern history, ushering in the nuclear age. While nuclear power has been controversial, it provides a tremendous amount of the world's electricity today through fission reactors.On the other hand, the creation of nuclear weapons has had a chilling effect on geopolitics. Their sheer destructive capability represents a threat to all humanity. As students, we've grown up in the long shadow and deterrence of nuclear armaments during the Cold War era. Now, the quest for harnessing safe, controlled nuclear fusion could be an amazing source of virtually limitless clean energy for our planet's future.It's hard to overstate the significance of the semiconductor and microchip, which has driven the digital revolution and rise of modern computing. While the first transistors and integrated circuits emerged in the 1950s-60s, their relentless miniaturization following Moore's Law predictions enabled increasingly powerful and compact electronic devices year after year.From basic calculators to supercomputers, microchips have enabled the Information Age we live in. As students, we use chipsets to power our laptops, smartphones, gaming consoles, and a myriad of digital technologies that make modern lifepossible. Shrinking transistors into microprocessors has vastly increased computing performance, efficiency, and capabilities. The semiconductor is the foundation and core driving force of the digital world.In the realm of communications, we've witnessed incredible growth from the earliest telephone networks to modern mobile phones and data transmission. The first practical cell phone system was prototyped in 1973, followed by commercial mobile services in the 1980s. This wireless technology untethered voice and data communications from landlines.Today, smartphones combine advances in computing, cameras, networking and more into powerful handheld computers that most students have constant access to. We videoconference, stream media, get turn-by-turn directions, and have near-infinite information just a tap away. Cellular networks and data transmission protocols like WiFi, Bluetooth, and 5G have enabled ubiquitous digital connectivity that has reshaped society.More recent but no less impactful inventions have emerged in the fields of renewable energy. The commercial development of photovoltaic solar cells and wind turbines has allowed humanity to harness clean electricity from the power of the sunand atmosphere. As the threat of climate change looms, these technologies represent crucial innovations as the world transitions to sustainable energy sources over fossil fuels.As students looking towards the future, renewable energy gives me hope that we can power our growing energy needs in a way that doesn't exacerbate the global climate crisis. Whether through improvements in solar panel efficiency, battery storage, offshore wind farming, or other advances, green energy inventions will play a vital role.Of course, many other inventions have transformed our modern world, from airplanes to plastics, televisions, GPS, the birth control pill, and more. But in my analysis, the inventions I've highlighted stand out as having an extraordinary impact that has shaped the era we live in as 21st century students.Looking back over the past 100 years of breathtaking innovation, I'm awestruck by the creativity, perseverance and brilliance of the human minds behind these world-changing breakthroughs. To imagine what wonders may emerge in the next century fills me with a sense of excitement and hope for the future we'll inherit as the next generation.As a student today, it's easy to take the remarkable technologies all around me for granted. But by understandingthe immense impact of inventions like the internet, vaccines, nuclear power, semiconductors, cellular networks, and renewable energy systems, I gain a deeper appreciation for how rapidly our modern world has advanced thanks to the brightest scientists and innovators throughout the 20th century and into the 21st.While we've seen profound disruptions and transformations from these inventions, they've often provided solutions to humanity's greatest challenges while opening up new realms of possibility. Despite the risks of powerful new technologies, that drive for incremental progress is part of the grand human experiment that has launched us from the age of the telegraph to interplanetary probes streaking through the cosmos.I feel tremendously fortunate to be a student experiencing the world made possible by a century's worth of groundbreaking inventions. At the same time, I'm inspired and motivated by these wonders of human ingenuity to keep learning, creating, and someday contributing innovations of my own for the betterment of the world we all share.篇2The Most Impactful Inventions of the Past 100 YearsAs a student living in the 21st century, I am constantly in awe of the rapid technological advancements that have shaped our modern world. It's mind-boggling to think about how different life was just a century ago, before many of the inventions we now take for granted were even conceived. In this essay, I will explore some of the most impactful inventions of the past 100 years and discuss how they have revolutionized various aspects of our lives.One of the inventions that has had a profound impact on society is the internet. Developed in the 1960s as a communication network for the U.S. military, the internet has since evolved into a vast global network that has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. The advent of the World Wide Web in the 1990s made the internet accessible to the general public, and today, it is an integral part of our daily lives. From online shopping and banking to social media and remote work, the internet has reshaped nearly every aspect of modern society.Another game-changing invention is the smartphone. While mobile phones have been around since the 1970s, the introduction of smartphones in the early 2000s revolutionized the way we interact with technology. These pocket-sized devices have evolved into powerful computing devices that allow us toaccess the internet, take photos, navigate with GPS, and perform a myriad of other tasks on the go. Smartphones have become an indispensable tool for communication, productivity, and entertainment, and their impact on our lives is undeniable.In the field of medicine, one of the most significant inventions of the past century is the development of antibiotics. Prior to the discovery of penicillin in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, bacterial infections were often fatal, and even minor injuries could lead to life-threatening complications. The advent of antibiotics has saved millions of lives and has significantly improved our ability to treat and prevent a wide range of infectious diseases.The invention of the airplane has also had a profound impact on our world. While the Wright brothers achieved the first powered flight in 1903, it wasn't until the mid-20th century that air travel became widely accessible. Today, airplanes have revolutionized transportation, allowing us to travel vast distances in a matter of hours and facilitating the global exchange of goods, services, and ideas.In the realm of energy, the development of nuclear power has been both a significant achievement and a source of controversy. The first nuclear reactor was built in 1942, and thefirst nuclear power plant went online in 1954. While nuclear power has provided a source of clean and efficient energy, concerns over safety and the disposal of radioactive waste have sparked ongoing debates about its long-term viability.Another invention that has had a profound impact on our lives is the birth control pill. Introduced in the 1960s, the pill revolutionized family planning and gave women unprecedented control over their reproductive lives. This invention has played a significant role in advancing women's rights and empowerment, allowing women to pursue education and careers without the constant fear of unplanned pregnancies.In the field of electronics, the invention of the transistor in 1947 paved the way for the development of modern computers and countless other electronic devices. Transistors, which are small electronic switches, replaced bulky and inefficient vacuum tubes and enabled the miniaturization of electronics. Without the transistor, many of the technological advancements we enjoy today would not have been possible.As we look to the future, it's exciting to imagine the revolutionary inventions that lie ahead. Perhaps we will witness the development of practical quantum computers, which could solve complex problems at an unprecedented speed. Or maybewe will see the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change.In conclusion, the past 100 years have been a period of remarkable innovation, with inventions that have transformed virtually every aspect of our lives. From the internet and smartphones to antibiotics and air travel, these inventions have reshaped our world in ways that would have been unimaginable to our ancestors. As students living in this era of rapid technological change, it's crucial that we appreciate the significance of these inventions and strive to build upon them, creating new innovations that will shape the world for generations to come.篇3The Greatest Innovations That Shaped Our WorldOver the past century, human ingenuity and relentless pursuit of progress have given rise to remarkable inventions that have transformed our world in profound ways. As a student witnessing the marvels of modern technology, I am in awe of the revolutionary advancements that have reshaped our lives, pushing the boundaries of what was once deemed impossible.One invention that stands out as a true game-changer is the internet. Born from the humble beginnings of interconnected computer networks, the internet has evolved into a vast digital realm that has redefined communication, knowledge sharing, and global connectivity. With just a few clicks, we can access a wealth of information, connect with individuals across the globe, and immerse ourselves in virtual worlds that blur the lines between reality and the digital realm. The internet has disrupted traditional industries, given rise to new business models, and democratized access to knowledge like never before.Another groundbreaking invention that has left an indelible mark on our lives is the smartphone. This sleek, pocket-sized device has revolutionized how we communicate, navigate, and interact with the world around us. Smartphones have become our constant companions, providing us with instant access to information, entertainment, and social connections. They have transformed the way we capture and share moments, enabling us to document our lives in real-time and connect with others in ways that were once unimaginable.The field of medicine has also witnessed remarkable advancements, thanks to innovative technologies like medical imaging and bioengineering. Devices such as MRI scanners, CTscans, and genetic sequencing have opened new frontiers in diagnosing and treating diseases, paving the way for personalized medicine and targeted therapies. Prosthetic limbs and implantable devices have restored mobility and quality of life for countless individuals, pushing the boundaries of what was once considered science fiction.However, innovations are not solely confined to the realm of technology. Social and cultural movements have also left an indelible mark on our world. The fight for civil rights, gender equality, and LGBTQ+ rights has reshaped societal norms, challenging long-held prejudices and paving the way for a more inclusive and equitable society. These movements have sparked crucial conversations, ignited social change, and challenged us to confront our biases, reminding us that progress is not solely measured in technological advancements but also in our collective evolution towards empathy and understanding.As we look to the future, the pace of innovation shows no signs of slowing down. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and renewable energy sources promise to revolutionize industries, tackle global challenges, and unlock new realms of possibility. However, with theseadvancements come ethical considerations and responsibilities that we must navigate with wisdom and foresight.In conclusion, the past century has witnessed a remarkable tapestry of inventions and innovations that have profoundly shaped our world. From the internet and smartphones to medical breakthroughs and social movements, these advancements have not only transformed our daily lives but have also challenged our perceptions of what is possible. As students of this rapidly evolving world, it is our duty to embrace these innovations with curiosity and critical thinking, while also recognizing the ethical implications and responsibilities that accompany such transformative power. Only by striking a delicate balance between technological progress and ethical considerations can we truly harness the potential of these inventions to create a better world for ourselves and future generations.。

专题01 阅读理解之细节理解题(讲义)(解析版)

专题01  阅读理解之细节理解题(讲义)(解析版)

专题01 阅读理解之细节理解题(讲义)目录考点阅读理解之细节理解题------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页【真题研析·规律探寻】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向1 考查直接信息题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向2 考查间接信息题--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页考向3 考查数字计算题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页【核心提炼·考向探究】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页1.命题规律--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页2.细节题的设题方式-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页3.常用的解题方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页4.阅读理解之细节理解题的解题关键-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页5.细节理解题的实用技巧---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页【题型特训·命题预测】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页预测考向1 考查直接信息题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页预测考向2 考查间接信息题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14页预测考向3 考查数字计算题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17页考点 阅读理解之细节理解题考情分析:分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解细节理解题考向分布。

中石化职称英语(高级含教授级)汉译英复习材料(通用+炼化工程)

中石化职称英语(高级含教授级)汉译英复习材料(通用+炼化工程)

U1 How to be happy1、吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和有很大影响。

Noisy neighbors are one of the major causes of domestic upset.2、在职场上,如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话,会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪。

A colleague at work who bullies or dismisses us creates untold wretchedness.3、我们不可能适应这种敌对关系,这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。

We can never fully adapt to hostile relationships, which inevitably damage our wellbeing.4、如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里,会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。

If this bad mood stays inside our mind, it will lead us to an unresolved destructive depression.5、我们不应当回避这些问题,而是要正确面对它们。

We should not avoid these problems but face them instead.U21、随着大量市民被迫迁到遥远的效外,汽车的需求量正在飞涨。

The demand for cars is soaring as growing numbers of citizens are pushed into distant suburbs.2、生态城市将把传统设计要素同最先进的绿色技术相结合。

The eco-city will combine elements of traditional design with the latest green technologies.3、预计到2010年将有一千辆燃料电池车投入使用,而到2012年将增至一万辆。

湖北省宜荆荆恩2023-2024学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题

湖北省宜荆荆恩2023-2024学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题

湖北省宜荆荆恩2023-2024学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题一、听力选择题1.What is Paul going to do this summer?A.Go to the beach.B.Attend summer school.C.Earn some money.2.Why does the woman come to the man?A.To send an apology.B.To make a complaint.C.To seek some advice.3.What does the man plan to do?A.Get a degree.B.Find a job.C.Leave the company.4.What does the woman mean?A.She would like to come along.B.The weather is quite pleasant.C.She knows the harbor well.5.How much should the man pay?A.£130.B.£152.C.£196.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。

6.What does Simona think of the rankings?A.Highly reliable.B.A little unfair.C.Very exciting7.Which city has an efficient transport system?A.San Francisco B.London.C.Tokyo.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。

8.What are the speakers about to do?A.Have a meeting.B.Take a coffee.C.Write a report9.How does Phif feel now?A.Frightened.B.Disappointed C.Anxious10.What should Emily value?A.Effective communication.B.Time consciousness.C.Teamwork.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。

最新上海高级口译真题解析

最新上海高级口译真题解析

2015年9月上海高级口译真题听力部分解析I. Note-taking Gap filling (NTGF)从听力的音带文字来看,这次考试的NTGF话题不难,脉络清晰,但词汇难度较大,因此做笔记应该按照“纲目条”的技巧来记录。

文章一开始就提出了主题,即对妇女而言,家务活是一种被迫接受的工作(imposed occupation),而社会对这份“工作”也有不同的两种观点,演讲者对两种观点分别做阐述,值得一提的是,这种“两分法”(dichotomy)也是NTGF部分常见思路,考生需要注意。

演讲者首先提出了做全职主妇的负面看法。

很多女性并不是心甘情愿的(not congenial)做“家庭主妇”的,这是一份“奴仆的工作”menial labor, 但是妇女的工作非常重要,因为对于任何社会来讲,男人承担了很多重要的工作,比如造船、伐木和军队,他们在家需要妇女来提供服务,否则社会无法正常运作,但是这些工作没有酬劳、没有晋升的机会,一眼望得到头(dead-endjob, no chance of promotion, no detailed nature),而这些工作因为没有“详细的工作描述”(detailedjob description), 工作不需要与他人竞争, 妇女感觉自己的能力退化了,被社会边缘化了,人生也就觉得没有成就感(deteriorating,alienating, inadequate) 而因为我们的社会被分成了很多不同的单元(Our society is organized in units),因此,妇女感觉到了“孤独”(isolation),而这份孤独感对人有负面心理作用(negative psychological effects)。

而对于这份工作的正面看法是,在西方社会,这份工作也并不是那么单调沉闷(full of drudgery) 、也并非让人感觉是“奴仆的工作”,难度也不高,如果从home-builder这个角度看,这份工作也能有成就感。

TED演讲 女孩,你要勇敢,而不必完美!

TED演讲  女孩,你要勇敢,而不必完美!

hello大家好,我是达达。

最近发生了很多女孩子受伤的新闻事件,达达不由得为女孩子们捏了一把汗。

社会一直默认的教育方式是从小教女孩要完美、谨小慎微,而男孩要勇敢、接受挑战。

Reshma认为这样是不正确的。

而她的人生轨迹就是一直做着完美和谨小慎微的事情。

直到33岁这年,她人生第一次做了件勇敢但看似并不完美的事。

演说者:Reshma Saujani演说题目:Teach girls bravery, not perfection教女孩勇敢,而不是完美做勇敢的女孩! 来自TED英语演说优选 00:00 12:58中英对照演讲稿So a few years ago, I did something really brave, or some would say really stupid. I ran for Congress.For years, I had existed safely behind the scenes in politics as a fundraiser, as an organizer, but in my heart, I always wanted to run. The sitting congresswoman had been in my district since 1992.几年前,我做了一些非常勇敢的事,或许有些人会说很愚蠢的事。

我参选国会议员。

很多年来,我安全地存在于 政治活动背后作为资金筹集人,作为组织者,但我的内心,我一直希望参选。

我所在选区的国会议员女士从1992年起担任这个职务。

She had never lost a race, and no one had really even run against her in a Democratic primary. But in my mind, this was my way to make a difference, to disrupt the status quo. The polls, however, told a very different story. My pollsters told me that I was crazy to run, that there was no way that I could win.她从未输过一场选战,没有人真正认真地在民主选举中与她竞争。

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试题与参考答案

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试题与参考答案

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)自测试题与参考答案一、完型填空(10分)Passage:Many people today believe that the world is becoming more and more competitive. This is particularly true in the fields of education and employment. The pressure to succeed in these areas has never been greater, and people are feeling the stress more than ever before.One of the reasons for this increased pressure is the rapid technological advancements we have seen in recent years. These advancements have led to a greater demand for skilled workers. Consequently, young people feel that they need to continuously upgrade their knowledge and abilities in order to stay competitive.In the realm of education, the competition starts from a very young age. Toddlers are sent to special schools to develop their language and cognitive skills. Children in primary school are enrolled in extra-curricular activities to enhance their extracurricular abilities. And in high school, students are expected to excel in their academic studies and participate in various competitions to showcase their talents.Besides education, the job market is also highly competitive. With the onsetof the digital age, many traditional jobs have been replaced by technology. This has led to a scarcity of certain kinds of jobs, making them even more sought after. As a result, candidates for these positions must possess not only knowledge but also certain soft skills, such as teamwork, problem-solving, and communication.Even in the field of sports, competition is intense. Athletes from all over the world compete at the highest level, pushing themselves to their limits. The desire to win and recognition often drives them to train harder and longer than ever before.Questions:While the pressure to succeed in education and employment is increasing, many argue that the advancements in technology have also created opportunities for personal and career growth. Pick the most appropriate word or phrase for each of the following blanks:1.The pressure to succeed in these areas has_______________never been greater.A) barelyB) certainlyC) perhapsD) rarely2.These advancements have_______________to a greater demand for skilled workers.A) ledB) resultedC) contributedD) impacted3.Toddlers are sent to special schools to_______________their language and cognitive skills.A) cultivateB) enhanceC) inhibitD) damage4.In primary school, children are enrolled in extra-curricular activities to_______________their extracurricular abilities.A) exploitB) refineC) diminishD) thwart5.And in high school, students are expected to_______________in their academic studies.A) relayB) augmentC) thriveD) wane6.This has led to a scarcity of certain kinds of jobs,which_______________them even more sought after.A) rendersB) signifiesC) ensuresD) manifests7.Candidates for these positions must possess not only knowledge but also certain_______________skills.A) fundamentalB) creativeC) tenderD) diverse8.Even in the field of sports, competition is _______________.A) uniformB) incrementalC) intenseD) adverse9.Athletes from all over the world compete at the highestlevel,_______________themselves to their limits.A) pushingB) pullingC) draggingD) resisting10.The desire to win and recognition often_______________them to trainharder and longer.A) inducementsB) motivesC) obstaclesD) pressuresAnswers:1.A) barely2.A) led3.A) cultivate4.B) enhance5.C) thrive6.A) renders7.A) fundamental8.C) intense9.A) pushing10.D) pressures二、传统阅读理解(本部分有4大题,每大题10分,共40分)First QuestionPassage:In recent years, the concept of resilience has gained significant traction across various sectors, including education, business, and mental health.Resilience, often defined as the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties, is now seen as a critical skill that can be developed and nurtured over time. The ability to bounce back after setbacks or failures is not just a personal asset but also a professional one, particularly in today’s rapidly changing world.Educators have begun to incorporate resilience-building activities into their curricula, recognizing that academic success is not solely dependent on intelligence or hard work. Instead, it is increasingly acknowledged that emotional intelligence, adaptability, and the willingness to take risks play crucial roles in achieving long-term goals. For instance, students who are taught to view failure as a learning opportunity rather than a personal shortcoming are more likely to persist through challenges and ultimately succeed.In the business world, resilience is equally important. Companies that can adapt to market changes and overcome obstacles tend to outperform those that cannot. Leaders who demonstrate resilience inspire confidence in their teams and foster a culture of perseverance and innovation. Moreover, resilient organizations are better equipped to manage crises, such as economic downturns or unexpected disruptions, by leveraging their agility and flexibility.Mental health professionals also emphasize the importance of resilience. They argue that building resilience can help individuals cope with stress, anxiety, and depression. Techniques such as mindfulness, positive thinking, andsocial support are effective tools in developing this trait. By cultivating these practices, individuals can improve their mental well-being and lead more fulfilling lives.Despite the growing recognition of resilience, there are still challenges in its implementation. For example, some critics argue that the emphasis on resilience may overlook systemic issues that contribute to adversity. Others point out that not everyone has equal access to resources that promote resilience, such as quality education or supportive communities. Therefore, while resilience is a valuable trait, it is essential to address broader societal factors that affect individuals’ ability to thrive.Questions:1、According to the passage, what is the primary definition of resilience?•A) The ability to avoid difficulties.•B) The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties.•C) The willingness to take risks.•D) The skill to adapt to market changes.•Answer: B2、How do educators incorporate resilience into their teaching?•A) By focusing solely on intelligence and hard work.•B) By discouraging students from taking risks.•C) By teaching students to view failure as a learning opportunity.•D) By emphasizing the importance of avoiding challenges.•Answer: C3、What advantage do resilient companies have in the business world?•A) They are less likely to face market changes.•B) They tend to outperform less adaptable companies.•C) They avoid taking any risks.•D) They rely solely on traditional methods.•Answer: B4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a technique for building resilience in mental health?•A) Mindfulness.•B) Positive thinking.•C) Social support.•D) Physical exercise.•Answer: D5、What challenge is mentioned regarding the implementation of resilience?•A) The concept of resilience is too new to be understood.•B) There is a lack of interest in developing resilience.•C) Some people may not have equal access to resources that promote resilience.•D) Resilience is only beneficial for personal, not professional, development.•Answer: CSecond QuestionPassage:The traditional view of the relationship between women and technology has been one of conflict and resistance. Historically, women have been underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This underrepresentation can be attributed to various factors, including societal biases, stereotypes, and discrimination. However, recent studies and initiatives have highlighted the significant contributions women have made to technological advancements, challenging the notion that women are naturally less capable or interested in technology.In the late 19th century, Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician, is often cited as the first computer programmer for her insights into Charles Babbage’s early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. Lovelace not only programmed the machine but also foresaw its potential for future applications, including what could be considered modern computing. Her detailed notes on the Analytical Engine are considered the first algorithm written for a machine.During the 20th century, women like Grace Hopper continued to make groundbreaking contributions. As a naval reserve officer in the U.S. Navy, Hopper developed the first compiler to translate code written in English into machine language, which helped to simplify programming. She also coined the term “debugging,” coined from the removal of a moth that was jamming an earlycomputer. Her contributions were significant, paving the way for modern programming languages.In more recent times, women like propName (a pseudonym to protect her privacy) have been challenging gender biases and stereotypes within tech companies. PropName, a software engineer, has shared her experiences and insights on how to create more inclusive workplace cultures. Through interviews, articles, and public speaking engagements, PropName has advocated for equal opportunities and supported initiatives that aim to increase female representation in tech.Despite these advances, challenges remain. Intersectional factors such as race, socioeconomic status, and personal identity continue to influence the experiences of women in technology. For instance, women of color often face additional barriers due to systemic inequalities and lack of role models. Nonetheless, the narrative is shifting as more women come forward with their stories and the tech industry begins to recognize the importance of diversity and inclusion.1、Who is Ada Lovelace considered to be in the history of computing?1、Ada Lovelace is considered the first computer programmer.2、What is Grace Hopper known for contributing to the tech industry?2、Grace Hopper is known for developing the first compiler and coining the term “debugging.”3、What is the pseudonym of the software engineer who advocated for equal opportunities and supported diversity initiatives?3、The pseudonym of the software engineer is propName.4、What additional barriers do women of color face in the tech industry, according to the passage?4、Women of color face additional barriers due to systemic inequalities anda lack of role models.5、What is the significance of the changing narrative in the tech industry according to the passage?5、The significance of the changing narrative is that the tech industry is recognizing the importance of diversity and inclusion.第三题For this part, you will read a passage. After reading the passage, you must complete the table below with the information given in the passage. Some of the information may be given in the passage; other information you will have to write in your own words.P了个G is an entertainment company based in Los Angeles. It specializes in pop musiccontracts and record producing. The company was founded in 1964 by Terry Melcher, who wanted to create a recording contract that would give artists the opportunity to keep more of their earnings and retain better control over their music. Over the years, P了个G has become one of the most successful entertainment companies, working with some of the biggest pop stars in the world.The company’s business model is centered on its contracts. These contrac ts are designed to help artists achieve financial success while giving them asignificant share of the profits from their music. The contracts also provide artistic freedom for the artists, allowing them to have creative control over their work.1、What is the main focus of P了个G’s company?A. Book publishingB. Film productionC. Pop music contracts and record producingD. Fashion design2、Who founded P了个G?A. Barry MelcerB. Terry MelcherC. Bob MelcerD. Jim Melcer3、What is one of the key benefits of the contracts offered by P了个G?A. Higher salaryB. Creative controlC. Exclusive merchandise sales rightsD. More opportunities for international exposure4、Why was P了个G founded?A. To give artists the opportunity to keep more of their earnings and retain better control over their musicB. To specialize in book publishingC. To produce filmsD. To design clothing5、How has P了个G become successful?A. By working with independent book publishersB. By producing high-quality filmsC. By specializing in pop music contracts and record producingD. By designing trendy fashionAnswers:1、C2、B3、B4、A5、C第四题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.In recent years, the rise of social media has had a significant impact on the way we communicate and share information. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become integral parts of our daily lives, allowing us to connect with friends and family across the globe, share our thoughts and experiences, and even influence public opinion. However, this shift in communication has also raised concerns about the impact on traditional reading habits.The decline in reading traditional books and newspapers has been a topic of discussion among educators and researchers. Many argue that the ease of accessing information online has led to a decrease in deep reading and critical thinking skills. While online content is often concise and easy to digest, it lacks the depth and complexity that printed materials provide. This has raised questions about the future of literacy and the importance of reading for personal and intellectual development.One study conducted by researchers at the University of California, Irvine, found that students who spent more time on social media were less likely to engage in deep reading activities. The researchers noted that the constant stream of information and the need to keep up with the latest posts created a sense of urgency and distraction that hindered their ability to focus on longer, more complex texts. Moreover, the study suggested that the superficial nature of much online content contributed to a decline in overall literacy skills.Despite these concerns, some argue that social media can also be a valuable tool for promoting reading. Platforms like Goodreads and Book Riot have gained popularity, allowing book lovers to share recommendations, discuss favorite titles, and even organize virtual book clubs. These communities have the potential to inspire individuals to pick up a book and delve into a new story or topic.1、What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of social mediaB) The decline of traditional reading habitsC) The impact of social media on educationD) The rise of online communities2、According to the passage, what has been a concern regarding the rise of social media?A) The increase in online communitiesB) The decline in reading traditional books and newspapersC) The decrease in critical thinking skillsD) The rise in book sales3、What study mentioned in the passage found about students using social media?A) They spent more time on deep reading activities.B) They were more likely to engage in critical thinking.C) They were less likely to engage in deep reading activities.D) They preferred online content over printed materials.4、How does the passage suggest social media can be a valuable tool for promoting reading?A) By providing concise and easy-to-digest information.B) By encouraging superficial reading habits.C) By allowing book lovers to share recommendations and discuss titles.D) By creating a sense of urgency and distraction.5、What is the overall tone of the passage regarding the impact of socialmedia on reading?A) NegativeB) PositiveC) NeutralD) AmbiguousAnswers:1、B) The decline of traditional reading habits2、B) The decline in reading traditional books and newspapers3、C) They were less likely to engage in deep reading activities.4、C) By allowing book lovers to share recommendations and discuss titles.5、D) Ambiguous三、阅读理解新题型(10分)PassageArtificial Intelligence: A Path to Future Innovation and ChallengesArtificial intelligence (AI) has been a key buzzword in recent years. With the rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms and the increasing availability of big data, AI is transforming nearly every industry and field. AI systems can now perform tasks that were once thought to require human intelligence, such as natural language processing, image recognition, and decision-making. These capabilities are largely due to the development of deep learning neural networks, which enable AI to learn from vast datasets and improveover time.However, as AI continues to grow, it also raises significant ethical and societal concerns. For example, AI could be used to discriminate against certain groups, leading to unfair hiring practices or biased decision-making. Privacy concerns are another major issue, as AI may collect and analyze large amounts of personal data without proper oversight. As AI becomes more integrated into our daily lives, it is crucial for society to address these challenges through a combination of technological advances and policy measures.In this changing landscape, the role of researchers and policymakers is more important than ever. Academics and experts need to continue developing AI technologies that are robust and fair, while policymakers must ensure that AI is used ethically and for the betterment of society.Questions1.What is the primary reason AI is transforming nearly every industry and field?A. The rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms.B. The decreasing cost of big data storage.C. The development of new types of computer processors.D. The improvement in user interface and interaction design.Answer: A. The rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms.2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern related to the use of AI?A. Discrimination against certain groups.B. Privacy concerns.C. Job displacement.D. Unfair hiring practices.Answer: C. Job displacement. (Not explicitly mentioned in the passage.)3.What capability has AI demonstrated in recent years?A. Predicting stock market trends.B. Performing tasks requiring human intelligence, such as natural language processing.C. Designing new molecular compounds.D. Creating complex artworks.Answer: B. Performing tasks requiring human intelligence, such as natural language processing.4.What is the role of policymakers in addressing the challenges posed by the integration of AI into society?A. To ensure ethical use of AI.B. To develop AI technologies.C. To collect and analyze personal data.D. To promote the use of AI in industries.Answer: A. To ensure ethical use of AI.5.What is the significance of the role of researchers and experts in this changing landscape?A. To address technological challenges.B. To develop robust and fair AI technologies.C. To control the distribution of AI tools.D. To manage AI-related privacy concerns.Answer: B. To develop robust and fair AI technologies.This passage and the associated questions are designed to test the examinee’s comprehension and analytical skills regarding the topic of artificial intelligence, including its benefits, challenges, and the roles of various stakeholders.四、翻译(本大题有5小题,每小题2分,共10分)第一题中文:Translate the following passage into English.随着互联网的普及,人们获取信息的渠道日益多样化。

高考必读时事-23年诺贝尔经济学奖女性得主-内含语法填空练习(BBC)

高考必读时事-23年诺贝尔经济学奖女性得主-内含语法填空练习(BBC)

写在前面的话高考阅读多选自国外外刊。

阅读外刊是英语学习不能缺少的一环。

阅读原汁原味的英语文章可以帮助学生拓宽、积累词汇量,学习并应用最地道的英语表达,提高英语语感,了解最新时事新闻。

本系列专辑充分考虑高中各年级学生的平均英语水平,从外国著名青少年英语学习网站以及权威新闻资源网站(The New York Times, Time Magazine, BBC, China Daily)等选择语篇,主题贴近课本,难度得当,语言精准权威,是专为高中不同年级学生打造的外刊阅读资源。

一、制作初心1. 拓展学生的阅读范围2. 阅读语料的时效性高,了解当下的世界3. 保证阅读语料的纯正性二、资源内部板块设计每份外刊根据内容设计不同板块——原文畅读、词汇/词组精讲、长难句分析、综合练习、好句仿写,参考答案、参考译文。

符合学生以及教师使用需求。

三、本系列专辑子系列介绍c.高一外刊精读d.高二外刊精读e.高考外刊精读四、推荐使用场景a. 晨读b. 阅读拓展课c. 自学拓展练习d. 课堂补充材料e. 文章赏析&仿写希望大家能充分利用这套资源,不断拓展,不断精进,在增加知识的同时,也逐渐提高对世界、世事、世物的洞见,祝学习愉快!Nobel economics prize awarded to Claudia Goldin forwork on women's payP1【原文畅读】Nobel economics prize awarded to Claudia Goldin forwork on women's pay@BBCThis year’s Nobel economics prize has been awarded to Claudia Goldin, an American economic historian, for her work on women's employment and pay. Prof Goldin's research uncovered key drivers behind the gender pay gap, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said. She is only the third woman to receive the prize, and the first to not share the award with male colleagues.The 77yearold academic currently teaches labour market history at Harvard University in the US. She had "advanced our understanding of women's labour market outes", the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said, pointing to her work examining 200 years of data on the US workforce, showing how and why gender differences in earnings and employment rates changed over time."This year’s Laureate in the Economic Sciences, Claudia Goldin, provided the first prehensive account of women's earnings and labour market participation through the centuries," the prizegiving body said in a statement. "Her research reveals the causes of change, as well as the main sources of the remaining gender gap."Her research found that married women started to work less after the arrival of industrialisation in the 1800s, but their employment picked up again in the 1900s as the service economy grew. Higher educational levels for women and the contraceptive pill accelerated change, but the gender pay gap remained. While historically that earnings difference between men and women could be blamed on educational choices made at a young age and career choices, Prof Goldin found that the current earnings gap was now largely due to the impact of having children."Claudia Goldin's discoveries have vast societal implications," said Randi Hjalmarsson, a member of the mittee awarding the prize. "She has shown us that the nature of this problem orthe source of this underlying gender gap changes throughout history and with the course of development," she said. Describing her as "a detective", Prof Hjalmarsson said her work had provided a foundation for policymakers in this area around the world.Globally, about 50% of women participate in the labour market pared to 80% of men, but women earn less and are less likely to reach the top of the career ladder, the prize mittee noted.Prof Goldin was the first woman to receive tenure in Harvard's economics department in 1989. Economics still had an image problem with women, she told the BBC in 2018."Even before students enter university they believe economics is a field more oriented to finance and management and women are less interested in those than are men," she said. If we explained economics was about "inequality, health, household behaviour, society, then there'd be a much greater balance," she said.The economics prize is different to the original prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, which were established by Alfred Nobel and first awarded in 1901. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 and funded by Sweden's central bank. Elinor Ostrom was the first woman to win the economics prize in 2009, which she was awarded jointly with Oliver E Williamson for research on economic governance. In 2019 Esther Duflo shared the award with her husband Abhijit Banerjee, and Michael Kremer, for work that focused on poor munities in India and Kenya.P2【词汇短语】P3【语法填空练习】1. Prof Goldin's research uncovered key _____ (driver) behind the gender pay gap.2. She is only the third woman _____ (receive) the prize, and the first ____ (not share) the award with male colleagues.3. She had "advanced our understanding of women's labour market outes", the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said, _____ (point) to her work _____ (examine) 200 years of data on the US workforce, showing how and why gender differences in earnings and employment rates changed over time.4. While historically that earnings difference between men and women could be blamed on ______ (education) choices _____ (make) at a young age and career choices, Prof Goldin found that the current earnings gap was now _____ (large) due to the impact of having children.5. Globally, about 50% of women participate in the labour market _____ (pare) to 80% of men, but women earn less and are less likely to reach the top of the career ladder, the prize mittee noted.6. Even before students enter university they believe economics is a field more _____ (orient) to finance and management and women are less interested in those than are men.P4【参考答案】1. drivers2. to receive, to not share3. pointing examining4. educational, made, largely5. pared6. orientedP5【参考译文】诺贝尔经济学奖授予克劳迪娅戈尔丁,表彰她在妇女薪酬方面的工作今年的诺贝尔经济学奖授予了美国经济史学家克劳迪娅戈尔丁(Claudia Goldin),以表彰她在妇女就业和薪酬方面所做的工作。

高考英语一轮Unit5LanguagesAroundTheWorld教师用书新必修第一册

高考英语一轮Unit5LanguagesAroundTheWorld教师用书新必修第一册

Unit 5 Languages Around The WorldⅠ. 词块记单词1. 2.8 billion people 二十八亿人2. their native or second language 他们的母语或第二语言3. the attitude of the speaker 演讲者的态度4. the main factors 主要因素5. a picture­based language 一种以图画为基础的语言6. an important means 一个重要方式7. the classic works 经典作品8. the high regard for the Chinese writing system 对中国书写体系的高度重视9. Chinese characters 汉字10. in global affairs 在全球事务中11. specific information 特定信息12. a struggle 一场斗争13. beg your pardon 请原谅14. bridge the gap 消除隔阂15. a demand 一种需求Ⅱ. 语境记单词1. Apart from the textbooks, I often refer to other reference materials to assist my studies. (refer)2. There are various goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars. The variety attracts many customers. (variety).3. One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job. (major)4. People with an appreciation of art and literature can appreciate works of art. (appreciate)5. All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand. (equal)6. He described the robbery in detail to the policeman and his description was very valuable — the police caught the robber in a short time. (describe) Ⅲ. 语境记短语1. It's well known that some diseases relate to (与……相关) air pollution.2. When the reporter referred to (提到) his private affairs, the singer changed his attitude at once.3. From my point of view (观点), it is of great importance to pay attention to the feelings of ourselves.4. Despite the ups and downs (浮沉) in his life, Mr Brown never stops learning new things.5. This custom dates back to (追溯到) the Tang Dynasty and was very popular in the north of China then.6. More often than not, children depend on (依赖) their parents for almost everything.7. As everyone knows, she plays an important role in (在……中起重要作用) our organisation.8. We've consulted a number of (许多) books about the subject in the library.9. The girl used to (过去常常) be shy, but is gradually getting active in group work now.Ⅳ. 公式练句型1. 展望未来,他明白考上一所名校对他来说意义重大。

一篇关于巨大贡献的人的英语作文高中

一篇关于巨大贡献的人的英语作文高中

一篇关于巨大贡献的人的英语作文高中1. There are numerous individuals throughout history who have made incredible contributions to their respective fields, leaving an indelible mark on society.2. One such individual is Albert Einstein, whose groundbreaking theories and scientific discoveries in thefield of physics have had a profound impact on our understanding of the universe.3. Einstein's theory of relativity has shaped modern physics and continues to be a cornerstone of ourunderstanding of space and time.4. His work laid the foundation for many advancements in technology, including the development of GPS and satellite communications.5. Another notable figure is Marie Curie, a pioneering woman in the field of science.6. Her revolutionary work on radioactivity opened doors to immense progress in understanding atomic structure.7. Curie's contributions to science have directly led to the development of X-rays and radiation therapy, benefiting the field of medicine immensely.8. She also played a crucial role in promoting women's rights and empowering females to pursue careers in science.9. Steve Jobs is undeniable for the impact he had on the world of technology and business.10. His vision and innovation transformed the way we interact with technology, shaping the digital landscape of today.11. Jobs' Apple Inc. revolutionized personal computing, sparking a revolution in the industry with its intuitive user interfaces and sleek designs.12. The impact of his contributions continues to be felt daily, with Apple remaining a leading global tech company.13. In the realm of literature and storytelling, William Shakespeare stands out as a true giant.14. His profound and enduring impact on Englishliterature and drama is immeasurable.15. Shakespeare's works, from Hamlet to Romeo and Juliet, have captivated audiences for centuries.16. His rich language and complex characters have influenced generations of writers, shaping the very essence of storytelling.17. The Bard, as he was affectionally known, elevated the art of storytelling to new heights.18. In the realm of civil rights, few figures match the significance of Martin Luther King Jr.19. His powerful speeches and peaceful activism inspireda movement that fought racial discrimination.20. King's famous "I Have a Dream" speech symbolizes the crave for equality and justice.21. His contributions to the Civil Rights Movement helped pave the way for significant societal changes in the United States and beyond.22. Another remarkable individual is Nelson Mandela, whose political activism and leadership played a pivotal role in South Africa's anti-apartheid movement.23. Mandela's unwavering commitment to freedom and democracy earned him a place in history.24. His post-prison reconciliation efforts and service as South Africa's first black president exemplifies forgiveness and diplomatic skill.25. Mandela's influence extends beyond South Africa, inspiring global efforts to promote peace and combat racial inequality.26. In the field of art, Leonardo da Vinci stands as a majestic figure.27. His artistic masterpieces, such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, have become cultural icons, captivating audiences for centuries.28. Da Vinci's genius transcended art; his inquiries and sketches anticipated modern scientific developments.29. His insights and inventions, from flying machines to anatomical studies, showcased a mind far ahead of his time.30. Leonardo da Vinci's impact on the art world and scientific thinking remains unparalleled.31. Moving forward in time, the contributions of Bill Gates in the realm of computing and philanthropy are undeniable.32. Gates' Microsoft Corporation revolutionized personal computing, making computers accessible to the masses.33. His business acumen and technological innovations helped shape the modern computer industry.34. Beyond his technological impact, Gates' philanthropic efforts have improved global health and education initiatives.35. His dedication to eradicating disease and supporting education has left a lasting mark on society.36. In the realm of sports, Michael Jordan's influence on basketball is impossible to overlook.37. His exceptional skills and worldwide fame elevatedthe NBA to global prominence.38. Jordan's iconic status and legendary performances on the court inspired generations of athletes.39. His influence extends beyond the sports world, with his name becoming a cultural symbol.40. In the realm of music, the Beatles have left an indelible mark on popular culture.41. Their melodies have resonated with audiences across generations, shaping the landscape of modern music.42. The Beatles' cultural impact went beyond their musical prowess, influencing fashion and even film.43. Their innovative songwriting and captivating performances cemented their legacy as music icons.44. Other notable mentions include figures like Isaac Newton, whose contributions to physics and mathematics have been groundbreaking.45. Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation are fundamental concepts in science to this day.46. Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone also deserves recognition, as it revolutionized global communication.47. Thomas Edison's numerous inventions, including the incandescent light bulb and phonograph, greatly impacted everyday life and industry.48. In the realm of fashion, Coco Chanel's elegant and timeless designs have influenced generations of fashionistas.49. Her contributions to the fashion world have left an enduring legacy, with many of her ideas remaining relevant today.50. Chanel's sophistication and innovation continue to inspire designers and style icons alike.51. Returning to the realm of science, Stephen Hawkingleft an extraordinary legacy.52. His work on cosmology and black holes propelled our understanding of the universe to new levels.53. Hawking's best-selling book, "A Brief History of Time," opened the mysteries of the cosmos to a wider audience.54. His courage and determination to continue hisscientific pursuits despite his health challenges inspire many.55. Hawking's contributions to the understanding of the universe will forever be remembered.56. Some individuals' contributions are so profound that they change the course of history forever.57. Genghis Khan, the legendary Mongol leader, created an immense empire that stretched across Asia.58. His military campaigns and strategic prowess earned him a place in the annals of history.59. Khan's influence on global culture and politics is undeniable, with his legacy shaping interactions between nations.60. Another influential figure in human history is Alexander the Great, whose vast conquests and military genius made him a legend.61. Alexander's campaigns significantly shaped the cultural landscape of the ancient world.62. His expansion of the Greek Empire left an enduring impact on the regions he conquered.63. The ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius left a profound impact on Eastern philosophy and ethics.64. His teachings and philosophical system greatly influenced Chinese culture and continue to shape East Asian values.65. Confucius' emphasis on moral character, education, and social harmony remains relevant in modern times.66. In the realm of ancient Egyptian civilization, Queen Cleopatra's political savvy and charisma left a lasting mark.67. Her reign and relationships with powerful Roman figures like Julius Caesar and Mark Antony shaped the destiny of nations.68. Cleopatra's intelligence and charm, alongside her tragic demise, have ensured her place in history.69. Moving forward in time, Franklin D. Roosevelt's contributions to American and global history are significant.70. His New Deal programs provided a comprehensive response to the Great Depression, offering relief and reform to a struggling nation.71. Roosevelt's leadership during World War II also played a crucial role in shaping the Allied victory.72. His influence extended beyond America's borders, with his vision and policies shaping the post-war global order.73. In the realm of human rights, Eleanor Roosevelt's tireless advocacy left an enduring legacy.74. Her work in promoting the rights of women, civil rights, and human dignity placed her at the forefront of social progress.75. Eleanor's role in drafting and supporting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is historic.76. She empowered individuals worldwide to stand up for their rights and fight for justice.77. Some individuals' contributions arise from their unwavering dedication to a cause.78. Jane Goodall, the renowned primatologist and conservationist, spent years studying chimpanzees in the wild.79. Her groundbreaking research shattered myths and revolutionized our understanding of animal behavior.80. Goodall's work inspires generations of scientists and nature enthusiasts.81. Her conservation efforts also highlight the urgent need to protect our environmental heritage.82. Similar dedication is seen in the work of Malala Yousafzai, the young activist from Pakistan.83. Her courage in advocating for girls' education in the face of oppression and danger has captured the world's attention.84. Malala's unwavering determination inspires global movements for education equality.85. Her work goes beyond Pakistan, promoting education and women's empowerment worldwide.86. People like the late Steve Irwin also leave a profound impact on popular culture and conservation efforts.87. Irwin's enthusiastic and educational approach to wildlife documentation captivated audiences globally.88. His legacy continues to inspire conservationists and nature lovers, raising awareness about the importance of protecting our ecosystem.89. The impact of these remarkable individuals extends far beyond their lifetimes.90. They serve as beacons, illuminating the path for future generations to follow.91. Their contributions inspire us to break barriers, challenge conventions, and make a positive difference in the world.92. The world owes a debt of gratitude to these extraordinary people.93. Their bravery and determination fuel the ongoing pursuit of knowledge, progress, and a better future for all.94. It is through their efforts that the world advances and the human spirit soars.95. Recognizing their achievements, we acknowledge the power of the human mind and the potential that lies within us all.96. Let their legacies serve as a reminder that each of us has the capacity to contribute significantly to the betterment of society.97. By following their example, we can strive to leave our own unique mark on the world.98. Every individual has the potential to make a difference, no matter the scale.99. These remarkable figures teach us the importance of perseverance, vision, and dedication.100. Their lives are a testament to the impact that can be achieved through determination and an unwavering commitment to a cause.101. We should honor their contributions by embracing our own potential and making a positive impact, however we can.102. The world is shaped by the collective efforts of these extraordinary individuals.103. Their stories serve as a powerful reminder of the boundless possibilities that exist within us all.104. It is a privilege to acknowledge and learn from these incredible contributions.105. May these individuals' legacies continue to inspire future generations to come.106. In conclusion, throughout history, remarkable individuals have made exceptional contributions across various fields, leaving an indelible mark on the world.107. These individuals, from scientists to artists and activists, have shaped our societies, advanced knowledge, and inspired countless others.。

了不起的人物英语作文

了不起的人物英语作文

了不起的人物英语作文Throughout history there have been countless individuals who have made remarkable contributions to the world in a wide variety of fields. These remarkable people have pushed the boundaries of human achievement and inspired others to reach new heights. Whether through groundbreaking scientific discoveries, extraordinary acts of courage and compassion, or visionary leadership, these remarkable individuals have left an indeluring mark on the world.One such remarkable individual is Marie Curie the pioneering physicist and chemist who made crucial discoveries about radioactivity. Born in 1867 in Warsaw Poland Curie faced numerous challenges and barriers as a woman in the male-dominated field of science at the time. Despite these obstacles she persevered with her research and in 1903 became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize for her discovery of the radioactive elements radium and polonium. Curie's dedication to scientific inquiry and her willingness to take risks in pursuit of new knowledge paved the way for future generations of scientists. Her life's work not only advanced humanunderstanding of the physical world but also challenged the gender norms of her era and proved that women could make invaluable contributions to the field of science.Another remarkable individual is Mahatma Gandhi the influential Indian political and spiritual leader who played a pivotal role in India's struggle for independence from British rule. Through his philosophy of nonviolent civil disobedience Gandhi inspired millions around the world to stand up for their rights and fight oppression peacefully. His refusal to meet violence with violence and his commitment to principles of truth and non-cooperation made him a towering moral figure whose impact extended far beyond the borders of India. Gandhi's legacy continues to inspire activists and social justice movements to this day as they seek to create a more just and equitable world through non-violent means.One could also consider the remarkable achievements of the pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing. Turing's groundbreaking work in the field of artificial intelligence and his crucial role in cracking the Nazi's Enigma code during World War II mark him as one of the most influential figures in the history of computing. Despite facing discrimination and persecution for his homosexuality Turing persevered in his research and made invaluable contributions that laid the foundation for the modern computer age. His vision and intellectual prowess were truly remarkable and his tragic early deathat the age of 41 robbed the world of a brilliant mind that could have accomplished even more.Similarly Nelson Mandela stands out as a truly remarkable individual for his unwavering commitment to the struggle for racial equality and human rights in South Africa. As the first black president of post-apartheid South Africa Mandela worked tirelessly to heal the deep divisions of his country and build a more just and inclusive society. His 27 years of imprisonment for his anti-apartheid activism only strengthened his resolve and after his release he became a global symbol of reconciliation and forgiveness. Mandela's moral courage in the face of adversity and his ability to transcend bitterness and hatred mark him as one of the most inspirational leaders of the 20th century.These are just a few examples of the many remarkable individuals who have left an indelible mark on the world. From scientific pioneers to political visionaries to human rights advocates each of these people overcame immense challenges to achieve extraordinary things. What sets them apart is not just their remarkable achievements but the strength of their character their willingness to stand up for their principles and their ability to inspire others to reach for greatness.Ultimately the common thread that runs through the lives of theseremarkable individuals is their refusal to be defined by the limitations and expectations placed upon them by society. They dared to dream big to push the boundaries of human potential and to use their talents and abilities to make the world a better place. In doing so they have left a lasting legacy that continues to motivate and inspire people around the globe.In an age that is often defined by cynicism and self-interest the stories of these remarkable individuals offer a powerful antidote. They remind us that one person with courage conviction and a commitment to a greater good can indeed change the world. Their lives stand as a testament to the transformative power of the human spirit and the difference that can be made by those who refuse to be ordinary. In an era that often seems dominated by darkness and division the enduring legacy of these remarkable individuals offers a beacon of hope for a better tomorrow.。

黄令仪—中国龙芯之母英语作文

黄令仪—中国龙芯之母英语作文

黄令仪—中国龙芯之母英语作文Yin Lingyi - The Mother of China's Loongson ProcessorsYin Lingyi, a pioneering computer scientist, has played a pivotal role in the development of China's indigenous processor technology, the Loongson. Her unwavering dedication and visionary leadership have been instrumental in establishing China's capabilities in this critical field, paving the way for the country's technological independence and self-reliance.Born in 1962 in Nanjing, China, Yin Lingyi's journey in the world of computer science began at an early age. She displayed a keen interest in mathematics and science, and her exceptional academic performance earned her a place at the prestigious Nanjing University, where she pursued a degree in computer science. Yin's intellectual prowess and her passion for technology were evident from the outset, as she excelled in her studies and developed a deep understanding of the intricacies of computer architecture and processor design.After completing her undergraduate studies, Yin Lingyi joined the Institute of Computing Technology (ICT) of the Chinese Academy ofSciences, where she would make her mark on the national stage. It was here that she began her groundbreaking work on the Loongson processor, a project that would become her life's work and a testament to her unwavering commitment to China's technological advancement.The Loongson project was born out of China's desire to develop its own independent processor technology, free from the constraints and vulnerabilities of relying on foreign-made processors. Yin Lingyi recognized the strategic importance of this endeavor and dedicated herself wholeheartedly to its success. She assembled a team of talented engineers and researchers, drawing upon the country's best and brightest minds, and set out to design and develop a processor that would rival the performance and capabilities of the world's leading processor architectures.The challenges Yin Lingyi and her team faced were formidable. The development of a new processor architecture from scratch is a complex and arduous task, requiring extensive research, innovative thinking, and meticulous attention to detail. Yin's leadership and technical expertise were instrumental in overcoming these obstacles, as she guided her team through the various stages of the project, from the initial conceptualization to the final product.One of the key innovations that Yin Lingyi and her team introducedwith the Loongson processor was its unique architecture, which was designed to be highly efficient and optimized for a wide range of computational tasks. Unlike the x86 architecture that dominated the global processor market, the Loongson processor was built on a different instruction set, known as the MIPS architecture. This allowed the Loongson to excel in areas such as multimedia processing, scientific computing, and server workloads, making it a highly versatile and powerful processor.Yin Lingyi's vision for the Loongson project extended beyond the technical aspects of the processor itself. She recognized the importance of fostering a robust ecosystem around the Loongson, one that would support the development of software and applications tailored to the processor's capabilities. To this end, she actively engaged with the broader technology community, collaborating with universities, research institutions, and industry partners to drive the adoption and integration of the Loongson processor across a wide range of applications.The impact of Yin Lingyi's work on the Loongson project has been far-reaching. The processor has become a cornerstone of China's efforts to achieve technological self-sufficiency, reducing the country's reliance on foreign-made processors and strengthening its position in the global technology landscape. The Loongson has been widely adopted in a variety of sectors, from government and militaryapplications to commercial and industrial use, demonstrating its versatility and performance capabilities.Moreover, Yin Lingyi's leadership and vision have inspired a new generation of computer scientists and engineers in China, who have been motivated by her example to pursue careers in processor design and development. She has become a role model for young women in STEM fields, showcasing the immense contributions that women can make in the realm of technology and innovation.Throughout her illustrious career, Yin Lingyi has been recognized for her outstanding achievements and contributions. She has received numerous accolades and awards, including the prestigious National Science and Technology Progress Award, which she received in recognition of her groundbreaking work on the Loongson processor. Her work has also been widely published in academic journals and conferences, further cementing her reputation as a leading figure in the field of computer architecture.As China continues to push the boundaries of technological innovation, Yin Lingyi's legacy will undoubtedly continue to inspire and guide the next generation of computer scientists and engineers. Her unwavering dedication, her visionary leadership, and her unwavering commitment to China's technological independence have left an indelible mark on the country's technological landscape,paving the way for a future where China's capabilities in processor design and development are second to none.。

2023-2024-1弘益中学高二上期中考试英语

2023-2024-1弘益中学高二上期中考试英语

2023-2024-1弘益中学高二上期中考试英语时量:120分钟满分:150分命题人:周琼审题人:胡晓良第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)略第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

AAmazing women in historyMurasaki ShikibuMurasaki Shikibu, a Japanese woman, was widely considered to be the world’s first novelist. She was a noble woman living in Japan around the year 1,000 AD. She wrote a novel called The Tale of Genji, which tells a riches-to-rags story about the son of a Japanese emperor forced to live as a commoner. The Tale of Genji is widely considered to be a masterpiece of Japanese literature. Shikibu also wrote a book of poetry.Maria Sibylla MerianBorn in Germany in 1647, Merian was fascinated by insects, and began collecting, studying and drawing them when she was as young as 13. She was one of the few naturalists of her time to actually study live insects. It was through her study of caterpillars that she discovered the truth about their life cycles. She made a major contribution to the field of entomology(昆虫学).Ada LovelaceLovelace was the world’s first computer programmer. She was working to design early computing machines that she hoped would be able to quickly solve math problems. In addition to designing this early computer program, she was also the first to suggest that computers should be able to do more than calculating. She imagined them doing everything, from producing images to composing music.Lucy StoneBorn in 1818, Stone married an activist and changed her name, but decided to change it back a year later. She held the belief that a wife shouldn’t take her husband’s name. She became the first American married woman to keep her maiden name for her entire life. Stone was also one of the founding members of the American Equal Rights Association and fought for the ending of slavery.21. What do we know about Murasaki Shikibu?A. She was once very rich.B. She was once a commoner.C. She was a novelist and poet.D. She liked researching living things.22. Who made a contribution to the development of human rights?A. Murasaki Shikibu.B. Maria Sibylla Merian.C. Ada Lovelace.D. Lucy Stone.23. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are pioneers.B. They are science-lovers.C. They are highly educated.D. They are highly ambitious.BSam is a fourth-year student at Harvard Medical School, but poetry is still a big part of his life, now with a new teacher, Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctor’s education and work. Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet.“Poetry is in every encounter(邂逅) with my patients. I think healing is really in a very great way about poetry. And if we do anything when we’re with our patients, we’re really immersing(使沉浸于) ourselves in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that’s what a poem does,” he said.Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today: humanity, which he finds in poetry. To end that, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents(住院医生).He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems can help close that gap.Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars. She said, “I think there’s no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does. And I think that is because there’s just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest.” Not everyone believes that’s what doctors should do, though.Rafael said, “I was afraid of how people might judge me, actually. In the medical profession, as many people know, we must always put the emergency first. But, you know, that kind of treatment, if it’s happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasn’t survived the cancer. Don’t we still have a role as healers there?”In a poem titled “Health”, Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy. He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.24. What do we know about Rafael Campo?A. He works as a doctor.B. He is under medical care.C. He is a literature professor.D. He knows little about poetry.25. What does the author try to show in Paragraph 2?A. The importance of medical training.B. The effect of poetry in medical treatment.C. The similarity involved in poetry and medical work.D. The present relationship between patients and doctors.26. What does Andrea Schwartz think of poetry?A. It comforts patients’ family.B. It contributes to medical work.C. It has nothing to do with doctors.D. It keeps doctors away from patients.27. What is Rafael Campo’s view on poetry?A. It requires a lot of spare time.B. It can provide a useful tool for doctors.C. It has little effect on patients’ conditions.D. It should be included in emergency treatments.CEverywhere I look outside my home I see people busy with their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shopping, even sitting in toilets. When connected electronically, they are away from physical reality.People have been influenced to become addicted to technology. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to the iPad and similar devices. One study found that people had a harder time resisting the allure of social media than they did for sleep, cigarettes and alcohol.The main goal of technology companies is to get people to spend more money and time on their products, notto actually improve our quality of life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. Consumers willingly give up their freedom, money and time to catch up on the latest information, to keep pace with their peers or to appear modern.What is a healthy use of technology devices? That is the vital question. Who is really in charge of my life? That is what people need to ask themselves if we are to have any chance of breaking up false beliefs about their use of technology. When we can live happily without using so much technology for a day or a week, then we can regain control and personal freedom, become the master of technology and discover what there is to enjoy in life free of technology.Mae West is famous for the wisdom that “too much of a good thing is wonderful.” But it’s time to discover that it does not work for technology. Richard Fernandez, an executive coach at Google acknowledged that “we can be swept away by our technologies,” To break the grand digital connection, people must consider how life long ago could be fantastic without today’s overused technology.28. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “allure” in Paragraph 2?A. Advantage.B. Attraction.C. Adaptation.D. Attempt.29. What is the aim of technology companies according to the passage?A. To attract people to buy their products.B. To provide the latest information.C. To improve people’s quality of life.D. To deal with cultural diseases.30. It can be inferred from this passage that people _____________.A. consider too much technology wonderfulB. have realized the harm of high-tech devicesC. can regain freedom with high-tech devicesD. may enjoy life better without overused technology31. What’s the author’s attitude towards the overuse of high-tech devices?A. Neutral.B. Skeptical.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic.DSome futurists have gone so far as to say that intelligent machines will replace teachers within 10 years. Not surprisingly, this causes concern among educators. As artificial intelligence (AI) develops, it is playing an increasingly important role in education. But should teachers really be worried?I have been involved in AI in education throughout my career, developed award-winning AI-based products. While I am more excited than ever about the potential of AI to improve the quality and economics of learning, I don’t think educators should worry about being replaced by machines. Instead, AI is more likely to empower teachers, reduce overwork, and make their jobs more rewarding.Studies show that teachers have more impact on students’ achievement than any other aspect of schooling, and effective teachers have a lasting impact on students’success. Yet many teachers report that their workload is unmanageable, and much of their time is devoted to activities other than teaching. This is an area where AI can help. For example, by automating the scoring of student work teachers spend less time on grading assignments and data input and management, and focus instead on responding to students’ needs.Teachers with large classes find it stressful to meet the needs of individual students. AI can give these students the practice opportunities and individualize feedback that they otherwise might not receive. Teachers have few opportunities to interact with students outside of the classroom. Al-based learning environments can be made available to students anywhere and anytime. Learning can continue outside of the classroom. This helps every learner to make rapid progress toward mastery of their subjects.Thus, the question should not be whether AI will replace teachers, but how it can support teachers and learners both inside and outside the classroom.32. According to what futurists say in the first paragraph, we can learn _____________.A. intelligent machines are developing fastB. teachers are irreplaceable in schoolC. AI is playing an important role in educationD. AI might be a threat to educators33. What is the author’s opinion about AI in education?A. AI has the potential to replace teachers.B. AI is less useful than educators.C. AI could make education very profitable.D. AI can work alongside teachers.34. According to the author, AI can support teachers by _____________.A. helping teachers organize class activitiesB. interacting with studentsC. reducing the time teachers spend on activities other than teachingD. helping teachers check how students are mastering what they have learnt35. What is the author mainly talking about?A. The development of AI in education.B. The impacts that AI has had on education.C. The importance of educators in education.D. The ways that AI can help educators.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

太空,英文作文八年级

太空,英文作文八年级

太空,英文作文八年级Space is a vast and mysterious realm that has captivated the human imagination for centuries. From the ancient stargazers to modern-day astronauts, the exploration of the cosmos has been a driving force in our pursuit of knowledge and understanding. As we venture deeper into the unknown, the wonders of space continue to unfold, revealing secrets and possibilities that have the power to transform our world.One of the most awe-inspiring aspects of space is its sheer scale. The universe we inhabit is incomprehensibly vast, stretching billions of light-years in every direction. The planets, stars, and galaxies that dot the cosmic landscape are so numerous that it is difficult to even begin to fathom their full extent. Yet, despite this overwhelming scale, space is not entirely empty. It is filled with a tapestry of celestial bodies, each with its own unique characteristics and stories to tell.The planets of our solar system, for instance, are a testament to the diversity and complexity of the cosmos. From the scorching heat ofMercury to the icy majesty of Neptune, each world presents its own set of challenges and opportunities for exploration. The recent discoveries of exoplanets, or planets orbiting other stars, have further expanded our understanding of the diversity of planetary systems, hinting at the possibility that life may exist beyond our own.Beyond the realm of planets, the stars that populate the night sky are equally captivating. These luminous beacons, each a nuclear furnace burning millions of kilometers away, are the building blocks of the universe. They are the crucibles in which the very elements that make up our world are forged, the products of the violent and awe-inspiring processes that shape the cosmos.And then there are the galaxies, the vast collections of stars, gas, and dust that make up the observable universe. From the spiraling arms of the Milky Way to the distant elliptical and irregular galaxies, each one is a unique and complex system, a testament to the incredible diversity and complexity of the cosmos.But space is not just a passive stage upon which these celestial dramas play out. It is also a dynamic and ever-changing environment, shaped by the constant interplay of gravity, radiation, and the ceaseless flow of matter and energy. From the violent birth of starsto the slow and inevitable march of entropy, the universe is a tapestry of constant change and transformation.And it is this dynamic nature of space that has captured the imagination of human beings for centuries. The desire to understand and explore the cosmos has driven us to develop increasingly sophisticated tools and technologies, from the earliest telescopes to the modern-day space probes and robotic explorers that have ventured to the farthest reaches of our solar system.Indeed, the exploration of space has been a key driver of technological innovation, pushing the boundaries of what is possible and inspiring new generations of scientists, engineers, and visionaries to push the limits of human achievement. From the development of advanced materials and propulsion systems to the breakthroughs in communication and computing that have enabled us to transmit data across the vastness of space, the impact of space exploration on our technological and scientific progress is undeniable.But the significance of space exploration goes beyond the purely practical and scientific. It is also a profoundly human endeavor, one that speaks to our innate curiosity and our desire to understand our place in the universe. The stories of the brave men and women who have risked their lives to venture into the unknown, from the early pioneers of the Space Age to the modern-day astronauts and cosmonauts, are a testament to the power of the human spirit andthe boundless potential of the human mind.And as we look to the future, the possibilities for space exploration only continue to expand. With the development of new technologies and the growing interest in private space exploration, the dream of establishing a permanent human presence on other worlds is no longer the stuff of science fiction, but a very real and tangible possibility.Whether it is the colonization of Mars, the mining of asteroids, or the establishment of orbital habitats and space-based industries, the potential of space exploration to transform our world and our understanding of the universe is truly limitless. And as we continue to push the boundaries of what is possible, we can only imagine the wonders and discoveries that await us in the vast and mysterious realm of space.。

2022版新教材高考英语一轮总复习教材知识解读必修第三册UNIT3DIVERSECULTURES课件

2022版新教材高考英语一轮总复习教材知识解读必修第三册UNIT3DIVERSECULTURES课件
词 the office building and now it is under _c_o_n_s_tr_u_c_ti_o_n__. (construct)
1. chip n. _(英__)_炸__土__豆__条__;__(_美__)炸__薯__片__;__芯__片__;__碎__片_______
17. jeans n. _牛__仔__裤__
阅 18. boot n. _靴__子__ 19. mushroom n. _蘑__菇__;__蕈_
读 20. fold vt. 包__;__裹__;__折__叠__vt. & vi. _()_可__折__小__;__(_可__)叠__平_______ 单 21. super adv. _特__别__;__格__外_ adj. 顶__好__的__;__超__级__的__ 词 22. accessory n. 配__饰__;__附__件__;__配__件__
23. souvenir n. _纪__念__物__;__纪__念__品_ 24. climate n. 气__候__ 25. clothing n. _衣__服__;__服__装_ 26. herbal adj. _药__草__的__;__香__草__的_
1. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business 熟 hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. 词 _一__件__商__品__(或__物__品__)____ 生 2. (2019·北京卷)Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the 义 problem is only going to get harder from here on out. _获__得__;__得__到__

2016年英语专业八级考试真题及答案

2016年英语专业八级考试真题及答案

QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016) -GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION[25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.1. A. Maggie ’s university life.B. Her mom ’s life at Harvard.C. Maggie ’s view on studying with Mom.D. Maggie ’s opinion on her mom ’s major.试卷用后随即销毁。

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Women in Computing around the World:an Initial Comparison ofInternational StatisticsVashti GalpinSchool of Computer Science,University of the Witwatersrand,South Africavashti@cs.wits.ac.za,http://www.cs.wits.ac.za/˜vashtiAbstractThis technical report describes the participation of women in computing in more than30countries,by focussing on participation at undergraduate level.A brief discussion covershow societal and cultural factors may affect women’s participation.Statistics from many dif-ferent sources are presented for comparison.Generally,participation is low–most countriesfall in the10-40%range with a few below10%and a few above above40%.In the appen-dices,the approach to data collection is described and statistics for women in computing andmathematics are presented.1IntroductionThis report presents a picture of the participation of women in computing around the world.Much has been published on the low participation of women in computing in the USA,UK and Australia;and there are researchers active in other countries seeking to describe and understand their own situations.It is important to consider the situation in different countries to avoid incorrect assumptions and tofind appropriate solutions.Recently,steps have been taken to obtain a global picture of the situation with the introduction of the ACM-W Ambassador program by the ACM’s Committee on Women in Computing(ACM-W).Each ACM-W Ambassador will provide information about the status of women in computing in their country via a website–links to these sites can be found at /women.This paper focusses on participation in academic study,specifically university undergraduate level,as this is a relatively available statistic.Other measures will be used tofill out the picture where puting has been described as a discipline that contains aspects of science,engineering and mathematics[16].As a result of this complex nature,it is not possible to infer the situation of women in computing from information about women in science,or information about women in engineering.Hence,published statistical information that aggregates disciplines is not useful in determining the status of women in computing.This article presents mostly information about computing, but presents more general information in places to broaden the picture.The next section briefly considers how cultural factors affect the participation of women in computing.The main section of the paper then presents data from different countries.The data is presented compactly in tables,and details of how the tables can be interpreted are given.Finally,a brief discussion of the data is given.Thefirst appendix describes how data was collected and the second appendix presents the percentage of women studying computer science and mathematics at tertiary level for100countries.2The effect of culture and societyThe reasons that women choose to study computing will vary from culture to culture,and from country to country, and it is beyond the scope of this paper to consider this issue in detail.When seeking solutions for women’s low participation in computing,it is important to consider all cultural and societal factors that may affect this participation. This also allows us to identify when a solution from one country may or may not be suitable to use in another country. For example,Mukhopadhyay[34]argues that the‘internal’‘self-selection’model used to explain the participation of women in science in the USA,cannot be applied to India.A model with the family as decision-maker is more appropriate and explains why there is lower participation in the applied sciences such as engineering and technology when compared to the pure sciences such as physics,chemistry and mathematics.In1994,Science published a special issue comparing women in science across a number of cultures and countries. Factors that were associated to high numbers of women in science are[4]:girls-only schooling(India,predominantly Catholic countries),compulsory mathematics and science through secondary school(Poland,Italy),family-friendly societies(Israel,Mediterranean countries),perceptions of science as a low-status occupation when compared to dis-ciplines such as engineering(Portugal,Turkey,India),class issues(India,Latin American countries)and recently developed science capabilities(Portugal,Mexico,Argentina).It is not clear whether these factors apply to computer science as well.Researchers have investigated cross-cultural gender issues in computing and some of these studies are now briefly described.Janssen Reinen and Plomp [27]considered primary and secondary school students from Austria,Bulgaria,Greece,India,Japan,Latvia,the Netherlands,Slovenia and the USA collected in1989and1992.All countries showed gender differences in basic knowledge and skills except Bulgaria,USA and India.The lack of difference in the USA was attributed to high number of female teachers,parental encouragement and computer use outside school,and in Bulgaria it was attributed to high number of female teachers.In their study of university students in23countries,Weil and Rosen[69]found that in Thailand,Italy and Kenya, males were significantly more anxious about computers,whereas in Israel and Hungary,women were significantly more anxious.There were significantly more male technophobes in Kenya,and significantly more female techno-phobes in the USA,Hungary and Australia.In the USA,Singapore,Kenya,Israel,Hungary,Czechoslovakia,Belgium, Australia and South Africa[11],men had significantly more positive cognitions with the reverse in Northern Ireland. In one country,Indonesia,female students had significantly more experience than males,and the opposite was found in Yugoslavia-Croatia,Thailand,Mexico,Japan,Italy,India,Hungary,Germany,Czechoslovakia and Australia.Makrakis[31]considered computer self-efficacy amongst Japanese and Swedish secondary school pupils and found no gender differences in either country.The research showed the‘We can,I can’t’paradox[47,cited in[18]] appeared amongst Japanese students of both genders but not amongst the Swedish students,and this was attributed to a greater focus in Japanese society on group identity.A similar study investigating self-efficacy amongst Romanian and Scottish higher education students[17]found differences between the male and female students but there was no interaction of gender and nationality.Collis and Williams[12]found that there were fewer gender-based differences between Chinese students than Canadian students.The main gender-based difference for Chinese students was in the perceptions of women’s abilities where female students were much more positive than male students.This difference also occurred amongst the Canadian students.Within a country,students of different backgrounds can have different experiences.V on Hellens and Nielsen[68] note that amongst IT students at an Australian university,female Asian students feel they are ignored by non-Asian students and male Asian students,whereas female non-Asian students feel they are the focus of sexual harassment and unwanted positive discrimination.Not all countries have low participation by women.In1987more than50%of application/analyst programmers and system analyst/designers in Singapore were female,and the majority of graduates from computer courses were female[29].Uden[64]argues that this occurs because of government promotion of the use of computers,perceptions of good career prospects in IT,a preference amongst women for computing as opposed to engineering which also pays well,exposure to computers at schools level in a gender-neutral manner,and assistance with domestic responsibilities by older family members or employees.3Women’s participation in computingThe specific measure that will be considered in the tables that follow is women as a percentage of the total number of undergraduate computing students or computing graduates.Hence,the data collected concentrates on students taking computing at tertiary education level as a major subject,in the sense that their qualification will focus on computing. In some cases,the data refers to students in a particular year of study who are taking computing courses at a major level.Where is was not possible to determine the type of course,the course has been briefly described.Most data is drawn from universities,but as the tertiary education system varies from country to country,information has been drawn from other types of institutions such as technical colleges.Other data not specific to computing at tertiary level will be used to give a more complete picture.Not all countries publish easily available national data recording the percentages,so data has been obtained from two other sources:data from individual universities and data reported by individuals attending or presenting classes at university level.There are four tables,Tables1-4,grouping together countries from similar geographical areas.For a discussion of the approach taken in collecting data,see Appendix A.Country Data Year Trend Type SourceBotswana10%(2)1998UG fy,CS Ind,U of Botswana a[54]Eritrea<10%2001UG,CS Ind,U of Asmara b[33] Madagascar11.1%1997?Other c National[67]Kenya11.1%(3)2001Deg,CS Ind,U of Nairobi[46]Libya35.7%(606)2002Deg,CT Insts,Alfateh U,7th of April U,Altakadum U[2]Nigeria31.3%(10)1997UG,CS Ind,Ogun State U[51]20%-30%1994-6UG,CS Ind,U of Benin[1]32.6%199428.7%1991CS Insts,Nigerian polytechnics[23] South Africa32.1%(337)1998none1991Deg,CS&IS National[49]Tanzania3%(2)199614%1993UG,Inf Insts,U of Dar-es-Salam,Sokoineand Muhimbili[67]Uganda∼27%(9-10)2000UG fy,CS Ind,U of Makerere[21] Zimbabwe40.7%(341)1996CS Insts,Technical colleges[67]a The University of Botswana is the only university in Botswana offering a BSc in Computer Science.b The University of Asmara is the only university in Eritrea.c Computer Science higher education teachers.Table1:Africa3.1Reading the tablesThefirst four tables have the format described rmation that is unclear is marked with a question mark,and figures that are approximate are indicated with∼.Country:Some countries have more than one entry,when the data is reported from different sources.The data is presented as discovered,so there is the possibility of contradictory or disparate data.Data:In this column,a percentage is given calculated from the total number of women and the total number of people,and if available,the actual number of women is given in brackets.Year:This is the year or years that the data comes from.Where year information was given as an academic year split over two calendar years,the most recent year of the two is used in these tables.Trend:This indicates any trends in the percentage data.If the percentage in the Trend column is less that that in the Data column,this means that since the year given in the Trend column,there has been an overall trend for the data to increase.If the percentage in the Trend column is more than that in the Data column,then since the year given in the Trend column,there has been a trend for the data to decrease.If‘none’appears in the trend column then since the year indicated in the Trend column,there has been no discernible trend.In some cases,the trends have been inferred from the data available,and in other cases,it has been described as a trend by the source of the data.Type:This column covers the level and the discipline to which the data refers.As mentioned above,the data collected refers to the study of computing at major level at tertiary institutions.Where it was not possible to determine whether this was the case,the category‘Other’has been used.The abbreviations for level are:‘UG’–undergraduate study,‘fy’–final year,‘1y’–first year,‘dist’–distance learning,‘Deg’–first/undergraduate degree(this category excludes postgraduate/graduate qualifications),‘PG’–postgraduate study,‘Acc’–applicants accepted to degree programmes.The abbreviation‘UG&MSc’is used when figures are given for both undergraduate and MSc study.If the level could not be determined from the source,the level is not given.The abbreviations used for discipline are:‘CS’–Computer Science,‘Inf’–Informatics,‘IT’–Information Technology,‘IT&T’–Information Technology and Telecommunications,‘Cmp’–Computing,‘CmpSci’–Comput-ing Science,‘CmpStd’–Computer Studies,‘CSS’–Computer and System Sciences,‘CSys’–Computer Systems,‘BusCmp’–Business Computing,‘Tech’–Technology,‘CT’–Computer Technology,‘TechInf’–Technical Infor-matics,and‘IS’–Information Systems.Country Data Year Trend Type SourceIndia20.3%(15)2002none1993UG,CS Inst,Annamalai U[59]11.3%(11)1996CSS Inst,J Nehru U[10]7.84%(22,857)1994none1992Other a National[10]28.42%(27)19937.3%1982IT Inst,Andhra U[22]Iran41%1999?CS Insts,vocational and training insti-tutions[50]Pakistan18.2%(8)2000PG,CS Insts,Q.A.U.Islamabad[5]4.99%(685)1998Other b Insts[5]Malaysia51.4%(2,167)1991Other c National[39]Singapore>50%1987?Other d Insts[29]Thailand55%(158,286)199857.2%1996Other e Insts[36]Turkey20.4%(1,753)200118.3%1997UG,CSys National[37,3]Australia19%199822%1994IT&T National[38]49%1995∼35%1990UG,BusCmp Inst,Victoria U[13]New20%1992-6Deg,CS&IS Inst,Massey U[48]Zealand26%1989-96UG1y,Cmp Inst,Auckland U[48]17-23%1990-6UG1y,CS Inst,Victoria U of Wellington[7]a Students studying Engineering and Technology.National statistics do not give separatefigures for computing[10].Most computer science departments are located in faculties of Engineering and Technology[22].b Enrollment at universities of engineering and technology.c Students enrolled for computer related courses at tertiary institutions.d Graduates from computer courses from four public institutions.e Participation in computer courses at private vocational institutes.Table2:Asia and AustralasiaCountry Data Year Trend Type SourceCzech9.6%(51)2001UG,Inf Ind,Masaryk U[9]Republic25%1989-94UG&MSc,CS Ind,Charles U[58]Denmark6%1996CS National[43]Finland20%199731%1985UG1y,IT National[43]Germany10.5%(610)200016.2%1995Deg,Inf National[57]8.8%(46)1999Inf Inst,U Karlsruhe[28]9%1999Inf Inst,RWTH Aachen[28]9.5%(2,958)199418.8%1979UG,Inf National(West Germany)[41] Iceland24%(47)2000CS Inst,U of Iceland[52]28%(42)1999UG,CS Inst,Reykjav´ık U[52] Netherlands 6.6%(7)1999TechInf Inst,Technical U Delft[28] 18%1992UG dist,Inf Inst,Open U of the Netherlands[15]12%1991Tech Insts,traditional universities[63] Norway23.2%(1,691)199920.4%1996Tech National[56]34%(69)19986%1996CS Inst,Norwegian U of Science andTechnology(NTNU)[40] Slovenia 6.7%(94)2000?CS&Inf Inst,U of Ljubljana[55]Spain25.2%(1,101)1998Deg,Inf a National[25]Sweden30%(16,245)2000UG,Tech National[60]∼10%(∼24)1990-4UG,CS Inst,Uppsala U[6]Switzerland11.4%(122)20014,2%1995UG,Inf Inst,ETH Z¨u rich[30,20]6.5%(2)1998Deg,Inf Inst,EPFL[24]UK19%(3,444)1999Acc,CmpStd National[42]a Students graduating with Diplomado Inform´a tica,Ing.T´e rm´a tica de Sistemas,and rm´a tica.Table3:EuropeCountry Data Year Trend Type SourceCanada24%(211)200016%1993UG,CS Inst,UBC[62]12%(55),1997UG,CmpSci Inst,Simon Fraser U[61]USA26.7%(7,166)199837.1%1984Deg,CS&IS National[35]20.4%(2,372)2000Deg,CS Inst,PhD granting departments[8] USA&CanadaMexico39.2%(55,154)199943.1%1992UG,Cmp a National[26]Brazil b34.8%(5,641)1993UG,CS National[32]20%1993UG,CS Insts,U of S˜a o Paulo,U of Camp-inas[32]Bolivia34.1%(15)1997Inf Insts,private universities[45] Guyana54.5%(22)2001none1998Deg,CS Ind,University of Guyana c[14]a Students registered for a Licenciatura in Computaci´o n y Sistemas.b Other data records5-10%female students at University of S˜a o Paolo,in the last ten years and not more than20%at other institutions inthe same period[53].c The University of Guyana is the only university in Guyana.Table4:North and South America‘Other’is used when the data is not about major-level computing at university or a similar tertiary institution,and a footnote is given describing the data.Source:If the data is national,‘National’is used.‘Inst’is used for published or official data from a specific univer-sity or institution,and‘Insts’for similar data from a group of universities or institutions.‘Ind’is used for data given by an individual.For both institutional and individual data,the names of the institutions are given where known.3.2Other dataThe1998UNESCO Statistical Yearbook[66]givesfigures on participation on women in the subject area Mathematics and Computer Science,both in terms of enrollment and graduates.This data is of interest,but must be considered with care as a high participation in mathematics may mask a low participation in computer science or vice versa.The1999 editions of the Statistical Yearbook does not give this breakdown–it only givesfigures of female participation for the broadfields Education,Humanities,Social Sciences,Natural Sciences,Medical Sciences and Others–and no future issues are planned of this yearbook[19].A summary of the statistics from the1998UNESCO Statistical Yearbook can be found in Appendix B.3.3DiscussionAs can be seen from the tables,there is a wide range in participation in computing by women.As the information covers different courses and different levels,it is difficult to do a direct comparison between countries.It can be seen from the data,participation is between10%and40%in most countries and courses,with a wide spread in this range.Hence,there is a strong indication that there is an underrepresentation of women in computing worldwide,at least in terms of undergraduate participation.There are some countries and courses where women’s participation is below10%,some with participation above40%,and a few where women are in the majority.Some countries and courses show an increasing trend and some decreasing,so it is not possible to predict future changes.To conclude, women appear to be under represented in the discipline of computing,when we consider thefigures for undergraduate participation,and there is no clear indication that this will improve in the near future.Ongoing research is required to determine causes and solutions.Acknowledgements:The author thanks Sibongile Eland,Hlamalani Huhlwane,Yolanda Martins,Ana Rowe,Francesc Lucio-Gonz´a lez and P´e tur P´e tursson for their assistance infinding and interpreting information.Request for Information:The research that lead to this article is ongoing and the author appreciates any information about countries not discussed in this article,or more recent information about countries mentioned here.A Data collectionFor the record,this appendix details the process that was used to collect data for this survey.In general,finding information of this type is fairly difficult because:•it often doesn’t exist because it hasn’t been collected.•data exists but it is not identifiable.For example,it often not clear whether computer science is categorised under the headings Natural Science,Engineering or Technology.•data exists,but it is not disaggregated.So for example,even if it is possible to determine that Computer Science is included under Natural Science,it is not possible to obtain the Computer Science statistics.•it is not clear from the data source to what the data refers.For example,it can be difficult to determine whether thefigures cover all tertiary education or university-level education.Because of these difficulties,the approach taken in this report has been to give the reader as much information as possible about the data and its source.This is done to show that the data is not necessarily comparable and to give the important details of the data.As can be seen from the tables in the body of the report,these details include the actual percentage,the actual count(if available),trend information(if available),the year,the level of study andfield of study,the type of information and the source of the information.The majority of this data was collected online in the following fashion:•searching with appropriate terms in a search engine such as Google().•working through lists of national statistical websites such as those at–United Nations(/Depts/unsd/gs natstat.htm)–Statistics Netherlands(www.cbs.nl/en/services/links/default.asp)Other data was collected through journal articles and books.There are a number of limitations to this general approach:•Lack of consistency in terms of what is measured because it comes from a variety of sources.•Lack of detailed information–it may be the case with a national statistical site that there is a non-electronic document with the information being sought for.Clearly a web search will notfind this document.As,can be seen from the data presented in thefirst part of the report,there is clearly substantial variation in what is being measured.However,within the limitation of the approach taken in data collection,it is a comprehensive survey, and the author is not aware of any similar work.B Computer Science and MathematicsThis appendix summarises data from the1998UNESCO Statistical Yearbook[66]and from an European Union Report[44].These appear to be one of the few sources of global statistics that specifically mention computer science as afield of study.Unfortunately,it is aggregated with mathematics,and hence high participation in the mathematics may hide low participation in computer science,and vice versa.However,because of its breadth,this data is included in this report.B.1UNESCO dataThe UNESCO data covers‘general programmes in mathematics,statistics,actuarial science,computer science’,and is presented for the following academic levels:ISCED Level5:Programmes leading to an award not equivalent to afirst university degree.ISCED Level6:Programmes leading to afirst university degree or equivalent qualificationISCED Level7:Programmes leading to a post-graduate university degree or equivalent qualificationCountry%Country%Country%Country% Albania a52Estonia25Latvia38Romania51 Austria20Finland30Lithuania36Slovakia18 Belgium a18Germany22Macedonia40Slovenia14 Bulgaria53Hungary29Netherlands14Spain29 Czech Republic15Ireland33Poland47Sweden35 Denmark22Italy45Portugal38United Kingdom a25 a1997Table5:Participation in tertiary level mathematics and computer science1998[44]Data is given for number of students as well as number of graduates.Not all countries have data for the number of women,and those that do not are excluded.The approach taken in summarising the data is to present data for all tertiary education,namely ISCED Level5, 6,and7(Tables6and7),and forfirst university degrees,namely ISCED Level6(Tables8and9).For both of these types of data,the most common data available is number of students.In a few cases,this data was not available,and the number of graduates is used instead The tables have the following format:Country:This is the country name.The same list is used for both sets of tables,even though for ISCED Level6 some countries have no data.Percentage:This is the number of women expressed as a percentage of the total number of students.Year:This is the year that the data comes from.In the case of academic years split over two calendar years,the more recent year is used.Count:This is the actual number of female students or graduates.Type:This is the type of data,either students or graduates.Note that when considering actual numbers,care should be taken in comparing student numbers with graduate numbers.Change:For some countries,two years of student numbers are given.In this case,if there has been a change offive percent in the percentagefigure,this is indicated as either an increase or decrease.If the change is smaller than this,it is indicated by the word‘Static’.given.The tables show a wide range of participation rates from1.3%at ISCED Level6to81.0%at ISCED Level6.No clear trends can be determined from the change indicators–some countries have seen an increase in participation,some a decrease,but most show little change.Considering the countries with a majority of women participation,a number come from the Far East,Middle East and Eastern Europe.A sociological analysis of cultural factors may be able to explain these patterns,but this is beyond the scope of this report.B.2European Union dataThe European Union(EU)information covers computer science and mathematics and computer science data for a number of European countries–EU member states as well as countries from Central and Eastern Europe(the PHARE countries).This data is provided here because it is more recent than the UNESCO data,but it is tabulated separately because of a change in the ISCED classification system[65].The data is for the new ISCED levels5and6which covers all tertiary education.It is not clear whether this can be directly equated with the previous ISCED levels5,6 and7as described above.Table5presents the the percentage of women studying computer science and mathematics. There is no clear pattern in this data.All countries with a majority of women are in Eastern Europe.Italy,Macedonia, Latvia,Lithuania and Portugal have more than35%participation.The lowestfigures(less than20%)are found in a range of countries–Belgium,Czech Republic,the Netherlands,Slovenia and Slovakia.Again,an analysis of the factors causing these differences are beyond the scope of this report.Country%Year Count Type Change Albania56.2%1997224Students Increase(1991) Algeria36.0%19967,006StudentsArmenia50.9%1996665StudentsAustralia25.0%19967,001StudentsAustria20.5%19963,651Students Static(1991) Bahrain67.5%1991329StudentsBelgium22.9%19942,378Students Static(1991) Botswana30.4%199745StudentsBrazil40.3%199437,413Students Static(1990) Brunei Darussalam48.8%199622StudentsBulgaria53.6%19971,974Students Static(1991) Burkina Faso 5.4%19955Students Static(1991) Burundi17.6%19929StudentsCanada27.6%199616,235Students Static(1991) Congo 6.8%199113StudentsCˆo te d’Ivoire18.6%1994515StudentsCroatia26.3%1997195Students Decrease(1993) Cuba28.7%1997202Students Decrease(1991) Cyprus39.4%1997290Students Static(1991) Czech Republic15.2%1996464Students Static(1993) Denmark27.2%19961,538Students Static(1991) Eqypt43.4%1996708Students Increase(1991) Eritrea 3.7%19985StudentsEstonia45.8%1997261Students Decrease(1993) Ethiopia17.8%1996171Students Static(1991) Finland16.9%19962,425Students Decrease(1991) Georgia52.1%1996795StudentsGermany22.5%199625,783Students Static(1993) Ghana11.4%199126StudentsGreece32.5%19934,377Students Decrease(1990) Guyana32.6%199549StudentsHonduras 6.6%1994177Students Decrease(1990) Hungary40.3%19951,609Students Increase(1991) Iceland12.0%199532StudentsIndonesia34.2%199643,861Students Decrease(1993) Iran39.1%199711,225Students Increase(1991) Ireland27.3%1996816Students Static(1991) Israel34.6%19932,129Students Static(1991) Italy42.2%199621,016Students Static(1991) Japan20.1%19924,218StudentsJordan42.1%19974,044Students Increase(1991) Kazakstan38.6%19952,502StudentsKorea33.2%199749,206Students Static(1991) Kuwait80.9%1996507StudentsKyrgyzstan72.5%19941,359StudentsLao People’s DR28.5%199362StudentsLatvia31.5%19971506StudentsLebanon37.6%1996840StudentsLesotho32.5%199713StudentsLithuania43.2%1997831StudentsTable6:ISCED Levels5,6and7Country%Year Count Type Change Macau20.5%199715GraduatesMacedonia64.2%1997560Students Increase(1993) Madagascar26.2%1997152Students Increase(1991) Malaysia50.9%19912,322StudentsMali 4.9%19913StudentsMalta13.3%19914StudentsMauritania13.2%19947StudentsMauritius29.9%199138StudentsMexico46.6%199529,937Students Increase(1991) Mongolia48.7%1997626StudentsMozambique27.1%199338StudentsMyanmar62.2%19959,702StudentsNetherlands9.9%1996794Students Decrease(1991) New Zealand32.0%1996438Students Increase(1990) Nicaragua48.1%19951,849Students Decrease(1990) Norway21.4%1996337Students Decrease(1991) Oman59.0%199236StudentsPalestine31.7%1997683StudentsPanama53.1%1994830StudentsPapua New Guinea32.5%199527StudentsParaguay46.0%19931,215StudentsPoland56.2%19947,214Students Static(1991) Portugal46.4%19955,961Students Static(1991) Qatar66.0%1992113StudentsRomania51.5%19976,423StudentsRussian Federation54.9%199584,717StudentsRwanda13.6%19906GraduatesSaudi Arabia76.7%19966,197Students Increase(1991) Senegal12.4%199222StudentsSlovakia21.8%1997224Students Static(1993) Slovenia42.9%199789Students Increase(1992) South Africa34.9%199410,653StudentsSpain30.7%199627,006Students Static(1991) Sri Lanka33.4%1995106StudentsSt Kitts and Nevis46.2%199331StudentsSudan29.9%1991260StudentsSweden28.9%19964,651Students Increase(1991) Switzerland14.3%1996413Students Static(1991) Syrian Arab Republic39.0%1995345Students Decrease(1991) Tanzania 2.7%19962StudentsTogo 2.9%19906StudentsTunisia27.5%1997708Students Increase(1991) Turkey34.8%199510,010Students Static(1991) UAE64.7%1991167StudentsUganda17.9%199648Students Increase(1991) United Kingdom23.9%199526,423Students Static(1991) USA37.1%199526,749GraduatesUS Virgin Islands67.4%199360StudentsYemen26.3%199219StudentsZimbabawe36.6%1996343Students Static(1990)Table7:ISCED Levels5,6and7(Cont.)。

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