1994年2月GRE考试真题
GRE'94-10考题3
3、 ～(LP) （表示L和P不再一组）
分析:
方法1
由K→KO可以把本题分为三种情况
*1: K在第一组
1:KO
2:N,L/P,M
duty:L/P
*2:K在第二组
1: PM
2: L/N KO
duty: L/N
officer who must be assigned to car I ?
Lee
Morales
Nini
O'Hagan
Paredes
---------
答案：(E)
读题：一个警官分配6个officer巡逻，K、L、M、N、O、P，2个在car 1, 3个在car 2,
Seat belts are more effective when used in conjunction with air bags, and
more and more new cars are being equipped with air bags.
Sluggishness in the economy increases the proportion of old cars on the road, as
people postpone the replacement of old cars or buy used cars instead of new cars.
-----------
答案：(A)
问题：下面那一个，if true，提供给Kyle反对Lisa的最有利支持？
（其实也就是Kyle对Lisa反戈一击）
C.提出另一种解释所提的数据。
GRE'94-10考题4
尽管作品足以阐明刘易斯的心路历程，但仅得到威尔逊约略的提及；而与此相反，刘易
斯的次要作品，即Pilgrim's Regress，却得到了甚为细致详尽的分析。
The author of the passage would be most
其含有大量鞣酸的树叶，甚至有可能为毛虫提供一个安全的庇护所，不受萎蔫病的影响。
然而，在以颤杨树这类树为主的群丛中，处于初始阶段的舞毒蛾突发态势很快地被病毒
流行病所抑制。
要深入的研究表明，毛虫针对萎蔫病毒变得几乎具有一种免疫的能力，随着它们赖
以为一的树木对愈发严重的掉叶现象作出反应。树木自身的防御反而提高了毛虫受萎蔫
家，威尔逊没能做到任何一个作家在处理象刘易斯这样一位传主时都应该能做到的事
情，即阐述一个连贯的观点，以说明由传主（指主易斯）所创作的不同文学作品应如何
加以描述和评价。传记作者必须作出定夺，什么应该详加分析，什么可稍作提及即可一
略而过。威尔逊却没有把这个问题思考妥当。例如，Till We Have Faces这部作品涉及
likely to agree with which of the following
statements regarding Till We Have Faces?
It is an improvement over the Eros and Psyche
story on which it is based.
pillars will become immune to the virus.
------------------------
GRE'94-4考题2
读题：在过去2年里，已有6架Q40飞机坠机。针对Q40在设计上存在问题的指责，制造商指出：调查证明，每一次事故都是飞行员的失误引起的。
分析：制造商从飞行员的失误是原因，得出结论：Q40的设计不是原因
从结论的形式我们得出这是一种间接原因的考法。
A是B导致的，所以A就不是C导致的。
GRE'94-4考题2
大混乱，大骚动n.
A.宁静
B.庇护
C.缺乏(贫穷)
D.顶点
E.沉思(凝视)
REPRESS:
review
foster
extol
salvage
exhaust
答案：(B)
镇压，抑制v.
A.复习
B.鼓励，促进
C.赞扬
D.拯救
鼓励，给…壮胆v.
A.低垂
B.恐吓
C.翘曲
D.降级
E.骗取，诈取
ESTRANGEMENT:
rapprochement
familiarization
equanimity
nonchalance
recompense
答案：(A)
疏远，离间n.
A.和解，和睦
J must be scheduled for a day for which there isx no other meeting scheduled.
J must occur sometime before R.
N must occur sometime after R.
N cannot be scheduled for the same day as O.
考研英语1994真题
考研英语1994真题In recent years, an increasing number of students choose to pursue a Master's degree or a Ph.D. by taking the entrance examination for postgraduate students, commonly known as the "gaokao" in China. The competition is fierce, and the English section of the exam is often considered one of the most challenging parts. In this article, we will delve into the 1994 English exam for postgraduate students, exploring its format and content, and offering tips for success.The 1994 English exam for postgraduate students consisted of three parts: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and writing. Each section tested different language skills and required students to demonstrate their proficiency in English.1. Listening Comprehension:The listening comprehension section aimed to evaluate students' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. It consisted of multiple-choice questions that required candidates to listen to dialogues, speeches, and lectures and answer questions based on the information they heard. This section assessed listening skills, comprehension, and the ability to infer information from context.To excel in the listening comprehension section, students should practice regularly by listening to a variety of English materials, such as TED Talks, podcasts, and news broadcasts. This can improve their listening skills, vocabulary, and overall understanding of spoken English.2. Reading Comprehension:The reading comprehension section tested students' ability to comprehend and analyze written English texts. The exam included several passages on various topics, followed by multiple-choice questions that assessed students' comprehension, vocabulary, and inference skills.To perform well in the reading comprehension section, candidates should improve their reading speed and develop strategies for tackling different types of questions. They can achieve this by reading a wide range of English texts, including academic articles, news articles, and literary works. It is also crucial to practice identifying key information, understanding the author's tone, and making inferences based on the given text.3. Writing:The writing section of the 1994 English exam required students to compose an essay on a given topic within a designated time frame. This section aimed to assess candidates' ability to express their thoughts clearly and coherently in written English.To excel in the writing section, students should strengthen their overall English writing skills. This includes improving their grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, and ability to organize ideas. Practicing essay writing regularly, both timed and untimed, can help students become more comfortable with expressing their thoughts fluently and effectively within the given time constraint.In conclusion, the 1994 English exam for postgraduate students was a comprehensive test of candidates' listening, reading, and writing skills. To succeed in the exam, students should practice regularly, expose themselvesto a variety of English materials, and develop strategies for each section. With dedication, persistence, and a structured study plan, students can overcome the challenges of the exam and achieve their desired score for postgraduate studies.。
GRE考试真题试卷(1)
GRE考试真题试卷（1）姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。
每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1、Lee, who refrained from excesses in his personal life, differed markedly from Grant, who________ notorious drinking bouts with his cronies.A：deprecatedB：minimizedC：indulged inD：shunnedE：compensated for2、Left to endure a penniless old age, the________ man lived to regret his________ youth.A：miserly ... friendlessB：reclusive ... affableC：eccentric ... fleetingD：egotistical ... frugalE：improvident ... prodigal3、Lexy's joy at finding the perfect Christmas gift for John was________ , for she stillhad to find presents for the cousins and Uncle Bob.A：transientB：antitheticalC：exuberantD：exhaustiveE：incontrovertible4、Life is a________ of the sacred and the profane, of good and evil; to________ them `is futile.A：rejection ... embraceB：commingling ... separateC：misalliance ... endureD：defamation ... reformE：confusion ... promulgate5、Like Machiavelli before him, Henry Kissinger has a keen appreciation for the hard-headed, even________ , use of power, to the point of admiring some traits in leaders who were otherwise________ .A：cynical ... benevolentB：gentle ... insignificantC：ruthless ... detestableD：resentful ... charismaticE：forceful ... exemplary6、Like a balloon that is________ , aneurysms (swellings in the walls of arteries)sometimes enlarge so much that they________ .A：expanding ... contractB：punctured ... dilateC：elastic ... stratifyD：weightless ... stretchE：overinflated ... burst7、Like a martinet, Norman________ his subordinates to________ rigidly to the rules.A：disciplined ... adaptB：constrained ... adhereC：coaxed ... referD：accustomed ... objectE：coerced ... demur8、Like doctors exploring the mysteries concealed within the human body, astronomers are finding that X rays offer an invaluable means for examining otherwise________ structures.A：inconsequentialB：hiddenC：ambivalentD：diseasedE：ephemeral9、Like foolish people who continue to live near an active volcano, many of us are________ about the________ of atomic warfare and its attendant destruction.A：worried ... possibilityB：unconcerned ... threatC：excited ... powerD：cheered ... possessionE：irritated ... news10、Like many other pioneers, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, founder of the New York Infirmary, the first American hospital staffed entirely by women, faced ridicule from her contemporaries but has received great honor________ .A：posthumouslyB：anonymouslyC：privatelyD：prematurely11、Just as sloth is the mark of the idler,________ is the mark of the________ .A：grief ... miserB：obsequiousness ... toadyC：wanderlust ... trespasserD：suspicion ... tyrantE：brevity (i)12、Just as the earliest stone tools left by humans may seem nothing more than rock fragments to a layperson, so a lot of fossils require a trained eye to________ them.A：excavateB：appreciateC：disseminateD：antedateE：educate13、Justice Harry Blackmun's retirement, while unlikely to bring about a drastic change at the Supreme Court, will remove a distinctly________ voice from the Court's often featureless mix.A：blandB：personalC：moderateD：neutralE：derivative14、Kepler's observations of the supernova would have been more________ and valuable had they been made with a telescope; unfortunately, Kepler's supernova lighted the night skies five full years before Galileo made the first________ telescopic scan of the heavens.A：remote ... skepticalB：solemn ... unseemlyC：infamous ... extraneousD：detailed ... documentedE：fortuitous ... recorded15、Known for his commitment to numerous worthy causes, the philanthropistdeserved________ for his________ .A：recognition ... follyB：blame ... hypocrisyC：reward ... modestyD：admonishment ... wastefulnessE：credit ... altruism16、Lamenting that something horrid had recently befallen the craft of biography, biographer Arthur Schlesinger________ the glut of gossipy new lives on the market.A：deploredB：forgotC：acclaimedD：composedE：abridged17、Land is no less________ just because it has not yet been________ .A：eroded ... subdividedB：exhausted ... cultivatedC：imaginary ... discoveredD：fallow ... settledE：real ... charted18、Lavish in visual beauty, the film Lawrence of Arabia also boasts________ of style: it knows how much can be shown in a shot, how much can be said in a few words.A：extravaganceB：economyC：autonomyD：frivolityE：arrogance19、Learned though she was, her________ never degenerated into________ .A：erudition ... pedantryB：knowledge ... ignoranceC：scholarship ... researchD：speculation ... thoughtE：education ... inquiry20、Leavening his decisions with humorous, down-to-earth anecdotes, Judge Wapner was not at all the________ legal scholar.A：considerateB：pedanticC：indecisiveD：competentE：pragmatic21、It is the task of the International Wildlife Preservation Commission to prevent endangered species from becoming________ in order that future generations may________ the great diversity of animal life.A：tamed ... recollectB：evolved ... valueC：extinct ... enjoyD：specialized ... anticipateE：widespread ... appreciate22、It is wise to begin to treat a progressive disease while it is still in its________ stage.A：climacticB：clinicalC：incipientD：terminalE：pharmaceutical23、It was only the first day of summer vacation, but his nerves were already________ by the constant clamor of the children.A：eliminatedB：alleviatedC：repleteD：vacillatedE：frayed24、It would be beneficial if someone so radical could be brought to believe that old customs need not necessarily be________ and that change may possibly be________ .A：defensible ... prematureB：outdated ... requiredC：evil ... salutaryD：invaluable ... temporaryE：worthless ... inadvisable25、Janet Malcolm depicts the biographer as a nosy, intrusive figure,________ his subject's private papers.A：annotatingB：restoringC：invadingD：acknowledgingE：compiling26、John Gielgud crowns a distinguished career of playing Shakespearean roles by giving a performance that is________ .A：mediocreB：outmodedC：superficialD：unsurpassableE：insipid27、John Keats, Dylan Thomas, Arthur Rimbaud-all these were poets who had to be poets, whom no one or nothing short of death could have________ their courses.A：confirmed inB：derailed fromC：lauded forD：interested inE：convinced of28、Just as all roads once led to Rome, all blood vessels in the human body ultimately________ the heart.A：detour aroundB：shut offC：empty intoD：look afterE：beat back29、Just as an________ dish lacks flavor, an inane remark lacks________ .A：intriguing ... spiceB：insipid ... senseC：inedible ... listenersD：occasional ... implicationsE：offensive ... taste30、Just as an orchestra cannot consist only of violins, a society cannot consist only of managers, for society is an________ in which different parts have different________ .A：anarchy ... powersB：edifice ... complaintsC：organism ... functionsD：institution ... resultsE：urbanity ... ambitions31、Instead of taking exaggerated precautions against touching or tipping or jarringthe bottle of wine, the waitress handled it quite________ , being careful only to use a napkin to keep her hands from the cool bottle itself.A：fastidiouslyB：reverentlyC：nonchalantlyD：tentativelyE：ambivalently32、Irony can, after a fashion, become a mode of escape: to laugh at the terrors of life is in some sense to________ them.A：overstateB：revitalizeC：corroborateD：evadeE：license33、Isozaki's love for detail is apparent everywhere in the new museum, but fortunately the details are________ to the building's larger formal composition, which is________ by the busyness of much recent architecture.A：important ... harmedB：irrelevant ... fragmentedC：subordinated ... unencumberedD：appropriate ... echoedE：incidental ... nullified34、It is________ to try to destroy pests completely with chemical poisons, for as each new chemical pesticide is introduced, the insects gradually become________ to it.A：useless ... drawnB：pointless ... vulnerableC：futile ... resistantD：wicked ... indifferentE：worthwhile ... immune35、It is a relief to see people who can be interested in the arts without being "arty" collectors who collect for their own________ rather than for________ .A：enjoyment ... satisfactionB：interest ... pleasureC：reputation ... amusementD：delight ... showE：education ... fulfillment36、It is a spotty sort of book, with many pages that, if not exactly________ , are less than________ .A：bland ... tediousB：pretentious ... conventionalC：dull ... excitingD：eventful ... newsworthyE：murky ... obscure37、It is all but impossible today to________ the ferocity with which Russian thinkersat the turn of the century________ the materialism that had dominated their country's intellectual life since the 1850s.A：forget ... relishedB：believe ... concededC：grasp ... assailedD：emulate ... ignoredE：challenge ... extolled38、It is possible to analyze a literary work to death,________ `what should be a living experience as if it were a laboratory specimen.A：questioningB：dissectingC：amendingD：nurturingE：reviving39、It is remarkable that a man so in the public eye, so highly praised and imitated, can retain his________ .A：magniloquenceB：dogmasC：bravadoD：idiosyncraciesE：humility40、It is said that the custom of shaking hands originated when primitive men heldout empty hands to indicate that they had no________ weapons and were thus________ disposed.A：lethal ... clearlyB：concealed ... amicablyC：hidden ... harmfullyD：murderous ... illE：secret ... finally41、In discussing Rothko's art, Breslin is________ in keeping to the facts and resisting the________ of fanciful interpretation.A：scrupulous ... temptationB：meticulous ... integrityC：ungainly ... rewardD：uninterested ... echoE：inept ... bias42、In giving a speech, the speaker's goal is to communicate ideas clearly and________ , so that the audience will be in no________ about the meaning of the speech.A：effectively ... hasteB：indirectly ... distressC：vigorously ... discomfortD：unambiguously ... confusionE：tactfully ... suspense43、In his address, the superintendent exhorted the teachers to discover and________ each student's________ talents.A：suppress ... unrecognizedB：develop ... intrinsicC：redirect ... speciousD：belittle ... dormantE：justify ... gratuitous44、In judging the degree of his guilt, the question remains whether he acted out of purely________ motives or whether he acted with thoughts of his own________ in mind.A：benevolent ... fameB：disinterested ... advantageC：selfish ... benefitD：mercenary ... profitE：malicious ... cleverness45、In one instance illustrating Metternich's consuming________ , he employed several naval captains to purchase books abroad for him, eventually adding an entire Oriental library to his________ collection.A：foresight ... indifferentB：altruism ... eclecticC：bibliomania ... burgeoningD：avarice ... inadvertentE：egocentricity ... magnanimous46、In prison Malcolm X set himself the task of reading straight through the dictionary; to him, reading was purposeful, not________ .A：deliberateB：retentiveC：criticalD：desultoryE：exhaustive47、In the 1920s Hollywood became a magnet for men and women on the cutting edge________ artists genuinely excited by the possibilities of the up-and-coming film medium.A：irritableB：innovativeC：untalentedD：outdatedE：inferior48、In the absence of native predators to stop their spread, imported deer________ to such an inordinate degree that they overgrazed the countryside and________ the native vegetation.A：thrived ... threatenedB：propagated ... cultivatedC：suffered ... abandonedD：flourished ... scrutinizedE：dwindled ... eliminated49、In the constant battle for newsstand supremacy, with newsstands groaning from the weight of specialty publications, the biggest challenge facing any new magazine is________ itself from the crowed, making its mission________ .A：transforming ... plausibleB：separating ... impossibleC：distinguishing ... clearD：acquiring ... publicE：distancing ... futile50、In the light of Dickens's description of the lively, even________ dance parties of his time ,Sharp's approach to country dancing may seem overly formal, suggesting more________ than is necessary.A：sophisticated ... expertiseB：rowdy ... decorumC：prudish ... proprietyD：lewd ... ribaldryE：enjoyable ... vitality。
1994年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
A. disclosure B. exhibition C. contact D. exposure
24. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ____, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.
A. dim B. blank C. faint D. vain
25. It is well known that knowledge is the ____ condition for expansion of mind.
A. incompatible B. incredible c. indefinite D. indispensable
27. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ____ loud continuous noise.
A. subjected to B. filled with C. associated with D. dropped off
Ｃ Ｄ
17. The weeds and tall grass in that yard makes the house look as if
Ａ Ｂ Ｃ
it had been vacant for quite some time.
A. precious B. worth C. worthy D. valuable
1994年考研英语真题及答案解析(卷二)
考研资料1994年全国研究生入学考试（二）及参考答案（精校版）英语1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishThe first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 1 the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 2 breakdown is in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words __3 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may ___4 unfavorable reactions in the listener 5 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. 6__, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ___7 difficult for the listener to understand the 8 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 9 to explain or describe in a 10 that can be understood by his listeners.1. [A] of [B] at [C] for [D] on2. [A] inaccessible [B] timely [C] likely [D] invalid3. [A] encourages [B] prevents [C] destroys [D] offers4. [A] pass out [B] take away [C] back up [D] stir up5. [A] who [B] as [C] which [D] what6. [A] Moreover [B] However [C] Preliminarily [D] Unexpectedly7. [A] that [B] it [C] so [D] this8. [A] speech [B] sense [C] message [D] meaning9. [A] obscure [B] difficult [C] impossible [D] unable10. [A] case [B] means [C] method [D] waySection ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.11. In Line 11, Par a 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means__.[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes12. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that__.[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production[B] consumers can express their demands through producers[C] producers decide the prices of products[D] supply and demand regulate prices13. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by__.[A] private property and rights concerned[B] manpower and natural resources control[C] ownership of productive resources[D] free contracts and prices14. The passage is mainly about__.[A] how American goods are produced[B] how American consumers buy their goods[C] how American economic system works[D] how American businessmen make their profitsPassage 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizo n—it’s already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilitiesto milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.15. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to__.[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper[D] cash money wherever he wishes to16. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that __.[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before17. The phrase "ring up sales" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means “___”.[A] make an order of goods [B] record sales on a cash register[C] call the sales manager [D] keep track of the goods in stock18. What is this passage mainly about?[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.Passage 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’ s understanding—the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that minor we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for educat ion in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children—disabled or not—to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.19. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that _____.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children20. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that__.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potentials[D] disabled children deserve special consideration21. This passage mainly deals with__.[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children22. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ___.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country’ s founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisionsPassage 4“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “Some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available. ”This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging—13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺) .With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes (基因), are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist Willi am Haywar. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter."First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action. "23. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to__.[A]. predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered24. The author implies that by the year 2000, __.[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers[D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients25. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes__.[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated[C] that can be driven out of normal cells[D] which normal cells can’ t turn off26. The word "dormant" in the third paragraph most probably means__.[A] dead [B] ever-present [C] inactive [D] potentialPassage 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by“untaught minds”to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities."Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’ s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, " wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?"The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.27. What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph?[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.[C] A person who has had no education.[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.28. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?[A] The variety of ideas they have. [B] The intelligence they possess.[C] The way they deal with problems. [D] The way they present their findings.29. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because__.[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things .[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’ s point of view[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented30. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are__.[A] diligent in pursuing their goals[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things[C] devoted to the progress of science[D] concerned about the advance of societyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationAccording to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (31) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (32) “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(33)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galile o’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (34) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (35)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.Part ⅣWriting (15 points)DIRECTIONS:A. Title: ON MAKING FRIENDSB. TIME LIMIT: 40 minutesC. Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)D. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.”E. Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE:l. The need for friends2. True friendship3. My principle in making friends。
GRE考试真题试卷
GRE考试真题试卷姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。
每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1、Although I have always been confused by our________ system, I________ traveling on the subways occasionally.A：mercantile ... rememberB：monetary ... deploreC：social ... ponderD：transit ... relishE：revolutionary ... prefer2、A________ glance pays________ attention to details.A：furtive ... meticulousB：cursory ... littleC：cryptic ... closeD：keen ... scantyE：fleeting ... vigilant3、As ecologists recently________ in studying the effects of naturally induced forest fires, some phenomena that appear on the surface to be destructive often have ahidden## effect on balance.A：disproved ... beneficialB：discovered ... positiveC：hypothesized ... catastrophicD：disclosed ... unecologicalE：determined ... disastrous4、Even while enraptured by the glorious sound produced by Miss Norman, critics________ a certain absurdity in setting an________ recital in the cavernous Royal Festival Hall.A：decried ... unmelodiousB：implied ... impracticalC：overlooked ... explicitD：acknowledged ... intimateE：fostered ... oppressive5、Anthropologists traditionally argue that the male-female division of labor in hunter-gatherer societies arose because it________ the nuclear family's joint interests and thereby represented a sound,________ strategy.A：impaired …collaborativeB：respected …divisiveC：ignored …disinterestedD：restricted …provisionalE：promoted …cooperative6、Although Roman original contributions to government, jurisprudence, and engineering are commonly acknowledged, the artistic legacy of the Roman world continues to be judged widely as________ the magnificent Greek traditions that preceded it.A：an improvement onB：an echo ofC：a resolution ofD：a precursor ofE：a consummation of7、Even critics who do not________ Robin Williams' interpretation of the part________ him as an inventive comic actor who has made a serious attempt to come to terms with one of the most challenging roles of our time.A：dissent from ... dismissB：cavil at ... welcomeC：agree with ... denounceD：recoil from ... derideE：concur with ... acknowledge8、Because of its inclination to________ , most Indian art is________ Japanese art, where symbols have been minimized and meaning has been conveyed by the merest suggestion:A：exaggerate ... related toB：imitate ... superior toC：understate ... reminiscent ofD：overdraw ... similar toE：sentimentalize ... supportive of9、Because he had abandoned his post and joined forces with the Indians, his fellow officers considered the hero of Dances with Wolves a________ .A：martinetB：braggartC：renegadeD：skinflintE：laggard10、According to the Senator, it was not________ for a politician in search of votes to________ a mother on the beauty of her plain child; it was merely sound political common sense.A：kindness ... ridiculeB：folly ... intimidateC：hypocrisy ... complimentD：sensitivity... evaluateE：wisdom ... reprimand11、Although he is________ about the problems that still confront blacks in ballet, Mitchell nevertheless is optimistic about the future, especially that of his own dance company.A：hopefulC：abstractD：realisticE：unconcerned12、Either the surfing at Maui is________ , or I went there on an off day.A：consistentB：thrillingC：invigoratingD：overratedE：scenic13、As a sportscaster, Cosell was apparently never________ ; he made________ comments about every boxing match he covered.A：excited ... hystericalB：relevant ... pertinentC：satisfied ... disparagingD：amazed ... awe-struckE：impressed ... laudatory14、Advances in health care have lengthened life spans, lowered infant mortality rates, and, thus,________ the overpopulation problem.A：eliminatedB：aggravatedC：minimizedE：discouraged15、During the last four decades of Tennyson's long life, his creative powers never________ , some of his most remarkable work coming after the age of 70.A：recoveredB：manifestedC：flaggedD：blossomedE：broadened16、Because of the trauma they have experienced, survivors of a major catastrophe are likely to exhibit________ of behavior and may require the aid of competent therapists.A：concessionsB：diminutionsC：aberrationsD：restrictionsE：altercations17、According to Lionel Trilling, the paradox of liberalism was that in its quest for freedom it must move toward greater organization, stricter legislation, and increasing________ .A：anarchyB：self-realizationD：controlE：levity18、Because of its strength and adhesiveness,________ qualities in nest building, many species of birds incorporate silk into their nests.A：questionableB：intangibleC：invaluableD：hypotheticalE：irrelevant19、During the Ice Ages, muskoxen ranged as far south as Iowa, in North America, and Spain, in Europe, but in recent centuries the species has been________ arctic tundra habitats, such as Greenland and the arctic islands of Canada.A：barred fromB：confined toC：dissatisfied withD：enervated byE：unknown in20、An experienced politician who knew better than to launch a campaign in troubled political waters, she intended to wait for a more________ occasion before she announced her plans.A：propitiousC：unseemlyD：questionableE：theoretical21、Even Cormac McCarthy, Don DeLillo, and William Gaddis—eminent novelists who are notoriously________ when it comes to________ have surrendered to the exigencies of modern publishing and agreed to be the subjects of magazine articles.A：prolific ... writingB：egotistical ... fameC：overrated ... styleD：irate ... delaysE：shy ... publicity22、A sense of fairness________ that the punishment should fit the crime; yet, in actual practice, judicial decisions________ greatly for the same type of criminal offense.A：assumes ... coincideB：relegates ... deviateC：accumulates ... simplifyD：insists ... compromiseE：dictates ... vary23、For many years an unheralded researcher, Barbara McClintock gained international________ when she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.A：condemnationC：renownD：affluenceE：camaraderie24、As a scientific document, the book should stand for several years until further________ again make revision________ .A：developments ... impossibleB：obstacles ... optionalC：attempts ... undesirableD：failures ... detrimentalE：advances ... necessary25、Famous in her time and then forgotten, the 17thcentury Dutch painter Judith Leyster was________ obscurity when, in 1993, the Worcester Art Museum organized the first retrospective exhibition of her work.A：resigned toB：rewarded withC：rescued fromD：indifferent toE：worthy of26、________ by life’s________ , the last emperor of China worked as a lowly gardener in the palace over which he had once ruled.A：Fortified ... generosityB：Deluded .... coincidencesC：Humbled ... vicissitudesD：Venerated ... survivorsE：Recognized ... impostors27、Always trying to look on the bright side of every situation, she is a born________ .A：opportunistB：antagonistC：optimistD：maverickE：zealot28、Although Josephine Tey is arguably as good a mystery writer as Agatha Christie, she is clearly far less________ than Christie, having written only six books in comparison to Christie’s sixty.A：coherentB：prolificC：equivocalD：pretentiousE：gripping29、American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily________ . behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking, the use of sexual stereotypes.A：advocatesB：penalizesC：ignoresD：indoctrinatesE：advertises30、At the present time, we are suffering from________ of stories about the war; try writing about another subject.A：a calumnyB：a dearthC：an insurgenceD：a plethoraE：an inhibition31、A code of ethics governing the behavior of physicians during epidemics did not exist until 1846 when it was________ by the American Medical Association.A：rescindedB：promulgatedC：presupposedD：depreciatedE：implied32、As a product of the Soviet literary establishment, the author was brave enough to________ the hand that fed him, but not heroic enough to bite it.A：give upB：nibble atC：cringe fromD：worshipE：devour33、Because auto repair places have such________ rates, many community colleges have________ courses in automotive mechanics.A：shattering ... plannedB：exorbitant ... institutedC：impertinent ...discussedD：reasonable ... introducedE：intolerable ... discontinued34、A subway modernization program intended to________ a host of problems ranging from dangerous tracks to overcrowded stairwells has failed to meet its schedule for repairs.A：augmentB：initiateC：deploreD：discloseE：eliminate35、Although Barbara Tuchman never earned a graduate degree, she nonetheless________ a scholarly career as a historian noted for her vivid style and________ erudition.A：interrupted ... deficientC：abandoned ... capriciousD：pursued ... prodigiousE：followed ... scanty36、Although similar to mice in many physical characteristics, voles may be________ mice by the shortness of their tails.A：distinguished fromB：classified withC：related toD：categorized asE：enumerated with37、Because he was________ in the performance of his duties, his employers could not________ his work.A：derelict ... quarrel overB：dilatory ... grumble atC：undisciplined ... object toD：assiduous ... complain aboutE：mandatory ... count on38、Because he had assumed that the child's first, fierce rush of grief would quickly________ , Murdstone was astonished to find him still________ .A：subside ... disconsolateB：fade ... irresoluteD：escalate ... forlornE：dwindle ... dormant39、Despite an affected________ which convinced casual observers that he was indifferent about his painting and enjoyed only frivolity, Warhol cared deeply about his art and labored at it________ .A：nonchalance ... diligentlyB：empathy ... methodicallyC：fervor ... secretlyD：gloom ... intermittentlyE：hysteria ... sporadically40、Because it had not been blasted into a stable orbit, the satellite moved________ through space.A：innocuouslyB：graduallyC：erraticallyD：effortlesslyE：routinely41、For someone suffering from stress, a holiday can act as a tonic,________ rancor, transforming indecision, and renewing the spirit.A：enhancingB：exaggeratingC：manifestingD：dispellingE：compounding42、After the lonely rigors of writing, Mr. Doyle enjoys the________ aspects of filmmaking.A：impersonalB：transitoryC：narrativeD：socialE：profitable43、As Reginald Machell's lavishly carved throne clearly illustrates, California craftsmen were not afraid of________ .A：competitionB：embellishmentC：imitationD：expediencyE：antiquity44、As surprising as the new findings are, Dr. Wilson said he would not characterize them as________ .A：soundB：revolutionaryC：equitableE：abstruse45、Despite her father's________ that "a woman's place is in the home" and a________ reception from her professors and fellow graduate students, Marian Cleeves went on to become the first woman to receive a doctorate in anatomy from the University of California at Berkeley.A：warning ... gratifyingB：reprimand ... lavishC：encouragement ... respectfulD：admonition ... coolE：maxim ... hospitable46、Because he was________ , he shunned human society.A：a misanthropeB：an oligarchC：an anomalyD：a stereotypeE：a nonentity47、Even though the basic organization of the brain does not change after birth, details of its structure and function remain________ for some time, particularly in the cerebral cortex.A：plasticB：immutableD：unavoidableE：static48、A man incapable of________ action, he never had an opinion about something that he had not worked up beforehand, fashioning it with lengthy care.A：premeditatedB：coherentC：spontaneousD：calculatedE：self-conscious49、At first________ were simply that: straightforward firsthand testimonials about the________ of a product.A：trademarks ... contentsB：creeds ... excellenceC：prejudices ... flawsD：reprimands ... benefitsE：endorsements ... virtues50、According to a noted art critic, one would have to be completely immune to the sensuous pleasures of painting to be________ Lucien Freud’s mesmerizing art.A：drawn toB：overcome byC：enamored ofD：unaffected by E：consistent about。
GRE'94-4考题3
例如，民主作为一种理念，起源于古希腊，并从那里传播至欧洲和美洲。但它并没
有保留古希腊的原有形式：它经历了几个改造过程，今天存在于许多国家。民主政
府在形式上不尽相同，因为民主在原则上是一个动态的概念，并且它也顺应了各种
Ancient Greece
The idea of democracy
A modern democratic government
A dynamic principle
The Greek form of democracy
答案：(C)
正是某些普遍性思想对人类境况的敏感反应，才能解释它们何以经久不衰。
GRE'94-4考题3
正是某些普遍性思想对人类境况的敏感反应，才能解释它们何以经久不衰。
Rabbi Meir，一个公元二世纪的学者，谆谆教诲他们弟子不要徒将眼光集中在壶的
外形上，而应该审视壶中的内含物，因为如他所述，"许多新壶被发现盛满了陈酒。"
这是他自己特有的表达方式，用来强调区分内容和形式的重要性，强调思想的完整
(30) and persist for 100 days(weather systems generally extend about 1,000 kilometers and last 3 to 5 days in any given area).More than 90 percent of the kinetic energy of the entire
地方性的局部需求。
The "new pitcher" mentioned in
94年真题
（1994）Passage 1难句分析：①The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.分析：此句主干为The American economic system is organized around a... economy。
在economy后面是一个以in which引导的定语从句in which consumers largely determine，而这个从句中又有一个宾语从句what shall be produced。
在定语从句中又有一个by引导的分词结构spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most 作状语，说明消费者是如何决定应生产何种产品，而这个方式状语中又有一个定语从句that they want most。
译文：从根本上说，美国经济体制是围绕私有企业、在以市场为导向的经济基础上建立起来的。
在这种体制下需要生产什么在很大程度上是消费者通过到市场花钱购买他们最需要的商品和服务来决定的。
②Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.分析：此句主干是一个强调结构It is... that，因此所强调的部分是理解的重点，而它由三个平行成分组成，分别为the demand of individual consumers，the desire of businessmen to maximize profits和the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes，中间用coupled with和and连接。
1994年考研英语试题及答案
1994年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)1. By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks.[A] shall stay[B] have stayed[C] will have stayed[D] have been staying2. I appreciated ________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.[A] having been given[B] having given[C] to have been given[D] to have given3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtaining water is not the least.[A] of which[B] for what[C] as[D] whose4. The heart is ________ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.[A] not so[B] not much[C] much more[D] no more5. ________ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persisted in his research.[A] Because of[B] As to[C] In spite of[D] In view of6. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ________ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.[A] is to be analyzed[B] has been analyzed[C] be analyzed[D] should have been analyzed7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ________ all practical value by the time they were finished.[A] could lose[B] would have lost[C] might lose[D] ought to have lost8. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as ________ earned by his own labour.[A] one[B] that[C] such[D] what9. It isn’t cold enough for there ________ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.[A] would be[B] being[C] was[D] to be10. Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.[A] as long as[B] as much as[C] as soon as[D] as well asEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points) 11. Similar elements in the prehistoric remainsA from both areas suggestB that Indians and their neighbours had maintainedC distant but real connections everD before 1500 B. C.12. It soon became obviouslyA that instead of being trainedB to sing she wouldC be trained asD the astronomer’s assistant.13. He also conceivedA that the solar system and the universe would comeB int0 existence byC a natural process and would disappearD one day.14. The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times lessA than the earthB; in consequenceC,the force ofD gravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth of that at the earth’s surface.15. “The Bunsen burner is soA named because it is thoughtB to be inventedC by Robert Bunsen, who was German byD birth.16. Much althoughA I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equalB her in thoroughness, whateverC the jobD.17. The weedsA and tall grass in that yard makesB the house lookC as if it had been vacantD for quite some time.18. If onlyA the nature of the aging process isB better understood, the possibility of discoveringC a medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seemsD very remote.19. When I consider how talented he isA as a painterB, I cannot help but believingC that the publicD will appreciate his gift.20. Allen has statedA that he has always hadB a great interestC and admiration forD the work of the British economist Keynes.Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)21. Please do not be ________ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.[A] disregarded[B] distorted[C] irritated[D] intervened22. Craig assured his boss that he would ________ all his energies in doing this new job.[A] call forth[B] call at[C] call on[D] call off23. Too much ________ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.[A] disclosure[B] exhibition[C] contact[D] exposure24. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ________, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.[A] dim[B] blank[C] faint[D] vain25. It is well known that knowledge is that ________ condition for expansion of mind.[A] incompatible[B] incredible[C] indefinite[D] indispensable26. More than two hundred years ago the United States ________ from the British Empire and become an independent country.[A] got off[B] pulled down[C] broke away[D] dropped off27. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ________ loud continuous noise.[A] subjected to[B] filled with[C] associated with[D] attached to28. Some of the most important concepts in physics ________ their success to these mathematical systems.[C] contribute[D] attribute29. As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something ________ researching int0.[A] precious[B] worth[C] worthy[D] valuable30. As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals ________ a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.[A] relieve[B] release[C] dismiss[D] discard31. Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would ________ be able to walk.[A] in no time[B] by all means[C] in no way[D] on any account32. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping ________ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.[A] occasionally[B] simultaneously[C] eventually[D] promptly33. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great ________ to educate their children.[A] efforts[B] pains[C] attempts[D] endeavours34. If any man here does not agree with me, he should ________ his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.[A] put on[B] put out[C] put in[D] put forward35. I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be ________ to it.[A] connected[B] fastened[C] bound[D] stuck36. The English language contains a(n) ________ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.[A] altitude[B] latitude[C] multitude[D] attitude37. In my opinion, you can widen the ________ of these improvements through your active participation.[A] dimension[B] volume[C] magnitude[D] scope38. Your improper words will give ________ to doubts concerning your true intentions.[A] rise[B] reason[C] suspicion[D] impulse39. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made ________.[A] on the spot[B] on the site[C] on the location[D] on the ground40. The remarkable ________ of life on the Galapagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.[A] classification[B] variety[C] density[D] diversionSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is （41） the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of （42） breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words （43） a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may （44） unfavorable reactions in the listener （45） interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.。
GRE'94-4考题4
Panus Russula, Tarzetta, ---
Quercophilus Sarcodon Ustulina
Tarzetta Russula, Panus Quercopliilus,
Sarcoபைடு நூலகம்on Ustulina
答案：(B)
答案：(C)
问题：下面哪一个是上面的论述所基于的假设？
读题：持续的并且不合季节的霜冻会在落叶树上产生霜环，落叶树一般都生长在温和的气候。在南极洲发现的落叶树化石上都没有霜环,因此，在当时有落叶树生长的时候,南极洲有这种霜冻的可能性不大
分析；论据说了一大堆，其实就是一个事实：南极洲发现的落叶树化石上都没有霜环于是得到结论：南极洲没有霜冻
Assumption往往说：
1、没有其他的原因解释为什么南极洲发现的落叶树化石上没有霜环
2、霜冻和霜环之间的关系(桥梁连接)
先看具有否定词的选项：c
C.形成化石的过程中并不会完全使落叶树上的霜环消失。
（把not去掉，则形成化石的过程中使落叶树上的霜环完全消失，解释了为什么没有霜环）
C.对于那些Kim认为其雇人体系极其卑劣的公司，Kim不用他们的产品。
D.诗人无法从Jan读他们的诗中获得任何实际利润。
（的确，我读诗，但是诗人无法从我这里获取任何利益，加强了原因1）
A mycologist will display mushrooms of six different species-
Jan: People should not go to the new exhibition of Thornton's paintings.Thornton will be given a portion of the admission proceeds and Thornton, a violent sociopath, should not be supported.
GRE'94-10考题1
题一
Though environmentalists have targeted some herbicides as potentially dangerous, the manufacturers, to the environmentalists' dismay, ------ the use of these herbicides on lawns.
therapeutic: a.1.治疗的，有疗效的 2.有益于健康的
elucidate: v.阐明，解释，澄清
obviate: v.1.排除 2.使成为不必要，避免
某种能帮助基因治疗专家治愈遗传性大脑疾病的病毒种类能进入周围神经系统并传播到大脑，从而免除了将治疗性病毒直接注射到大脑里的必要。
dysfunctional: design
fetid: smell
piquant: flavor
asymmetrical : shape
numb: sensation
答案：(B)
令人烦躁的:声音
功能紊乱的:设计
恶臭的:味道(闻)
辛辣的:滋味(香气)
不对称的:形状
calculated..cherished
annotated..assimilated
intended..denied
anxious..misunderstood
reputed..anticipated
答案：(A)
undermine: v.1.侵蚀…的基础 2.暗中破坏，逐渐损害（或削弱）
suggesting
intensifying
elucidating
GRE'94-10考题2
外国制造的汽车的销售总额。
E.外国汽车的有些广告是由美国广告代理商策划并制作的。
Since the beginning of the current economic recession.Reelcorp's factories have operated with a reduced work force.Now, with the economy improving, the weekly volume of new orders being received by Reelcorp's factories has increased substantially.Reelcorp's inventories of completed goods are currently very low.Therefore, if Reelcorp is to fill its orders without delay, it must begin increasing its work force immediately.
In the United States, even though sales of foreign-made automobiles are increasing, annual sales have been consistently greater for domestically made than for foreign-made new automobiles.
Weaken当然要反对方法：即使重新做广告，也不能增加市场
A.计划买新车的人会比不考虑买车的人更注意汽车广告
1994年全国高考英语试题及答案
1994年全国高考英语试题及答案第一卷（三大题，共110分）I、单项填空（共40小题，计分40分)A)从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项.例:haveA.gaveB.save C。
hat D.made答案是C.1.specialA.shallowB.officer C。
choke D。
trousers2.mathematicsA。
ecycle B.respect C.message D。
package3。
shoulderA.ouder B。
proounce C。
onely D.Europe4.increaseA。
desert B.disign C.wise D。
promise5.parentA。
spear B.wear C.carry D。
patientB）以下所给单词均不完整,从A、B、C、D中找出适当的字母或字母组合使其正确与完整. 例:alr______dyA。
ea B.ee C。
ie D.eu答案是A。
6.congr____t____lationA.a；u B。
e；u C.o; o D.a；o7.handker____iefA.sch B。
sh C。
tch D。
ch8。
act____lA.ru B。
ur C.au D。
ua9。
li____idA。
qu B。
q C.kw D.k10。
c____t____nA.ur；aiB.er; ia C。
ur; ia D。
ar；aiC)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
例：He comes late sometimes,______ ？A.is heB.isn't hees heD.doesn’t he答案是D。
11.—Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's？—No，but it’s almost the same as ______ .A。
考研英语真题1994试卷
考研英语真题1994试卷
考研英语真题1994试卷包含了多个部分，包括阅读理解、完形填空、
翻译、写作等。
以下是对1994年考研英语真题试卷的概述：
一、阅读理解
阅读理解部分通常由四篇文章组成，每篇文章后面跟随几个问题。
考
生需要阅读文章并理解其主旨大意，然后根据文章内容选择正确答案。
1994年的阅读理解部分涉及了不同的主题，例如科技、文化、教育等。
二、完形填空
完形填空是测试考生对文章上下文理解及词汇运用能力的一种题型。
考生需要在给定的文章中填入合适的词汇或短语，以使文章意思完整、通顺。
1994年的完形填空文章可能包含了一些难度较高的词汇和短语，需要考生具备较强的语言理解能力。
三、翻译
翻译部分通常要求考生将一段中文翻译成英文，或者将英文翻译成中文。
这部分考查了考生的语言转换能力和对两种语言结构的掌握程度。
1994年的翻译题目可能包含了一些专业术语或复杂句式，要求考生具
备一定的语言功底。
四、写作
写作部分是考研英语试卷的重要组成部分，通常要求考生根据给定的
题目写一篇短文。
1994年的写作题目可能涉及到议论文、说明文或应
用文等不同的文体，考查考生的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
结尾
考研英语真题试卷是考生备考过程中的重要参考资料。
通过对1994年真题的分析和练习，考生可以更好地了解考试的题型和难度，从而有针对性地进行复习和准备。
同时，真题的练习也有助于提高考生的应试技巧和时间管理能力。
希望考生能够充分利用这些资源，为考研英语取得好成绩打下坚实的基础。
GRE老真题9604
13013113213313413513613713813914014121. Which program resulted in an increase in energy use instead of a decrease as projected? (A) Program G (B) Program J (C) Program K (D) Program M (E) Program R22. For which Program were actual energy savings a closest to 3/4 of the projected savings? (A) Program G (B) Program H (C) Program P (D) Program Q (E) Program T1421431441451461471481491501511521539. The claim that Civenia's antismoking television advertising campaign contributed significantly to the steep decline in cigarette purchases in that province during 1991 is best supported if which of the follow- ing has been true about the province of Halbernia from the beginning of 1991?(A) It kept its cigarette tax at the 1990 level andinstituted an antismoking television advertising campaign similar to Civenia's. (B) It kept its cigarette tax at the 1990 level and didnot institute an antismoking television adver- tising campaign.(C) It rescinded the 1990 cigarette tax increase and did not institute an antismoking television advertising campaign.(D) It eliminated all cigarette taxes and did not insti-tute an antismoking television advertising cam- paign. (E) It increased its cigarette tax by an additional40 percent over the 1990 level and instituted an antismoking television advertising cam- paign similar to Civenia's.10.Which of the following, if true, most helps toexplain why cigarette purchases in Civenia declined more slowly after the completion of the television antismoking advertising campaign than they did before the campaign began?(A) Laws restricting smoking in public places inCivenia went into effect at the beginning of 1992.(B) Most of those smokers in Civenia who were likely to quit or cut down on smoking had done so by the beginning of 1992.(C) At the beginning of 1992, health insurancecompanies in Civenia offered lower rates to nonsmoking residents than to those who smoked.(D) Cigarette companies increased their prices toCivenia distributors at the beginning of 1992 to offset the decrease in the number of packs sold.(E) Some cigarette companies withdrew their adver-tisements from Civenia newspapers and maga- zines at the beginning of 1992.154155156。
GRE-94_真题-无答案
GRE-94(总分41,考试时间90分钟)SECTION 11. At the time during year X when the difference between the price of **mon stock and the price of **mon stock was at its greatest, the price of XYZ common stock was approximately what percent of the price of **mon stock and **mon **bined?A. 16%B. 30%C. 36%D. 42%E. 103%2. At the time during year X when the aggregate price of ABC and XYZ stock was the greatest, the price of ABC stock was approximately what percent of the price of XYZ stock?A. 25B. 60C. 70D. 140E. 1703. When 9 students took a zoology quiz with a possible score of 0 to 10 inclusive, their average (arithmetic mean) score was 7.5. If a tenth student takes the same quiz, what will be the leastpossible average score on the quiz for all 10 students?A. 6.5B. 6.75C. 7.0D. 7.25E. 7.54. In a normal distribution, 68% of the scores lie within one standard deviation of the mean. If the SAT scores of all the high school juniors in Center City followed a normal distribution with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100, and if 10,200 students scored between 400 and 500, approximately how many students scored above 600?A. 2,400B. 4,800C. 5.100D. 7,200E. 9,600Data from the lnternet Hockey database; salaries from Hockey Zone Plus.5. In which season did Jagr earn the most money per game?A. 1994-1995B. 1995-1996C. 1996-1997D. 1997-1998E. 1998-19996. In which season did Jagr average the most points per game?A. 1990-1991B. 1995-1996C. 1996-1997D. 1997-1998E. 1998-19997. In a group of 100 students, more students are on the fencing team than are members of the French club. If 70 are in the club and 20 are neither on the team nor in the club, what, is the minimum number of students who could, be both on the team and in the club?A. 10B. 49C. 50D. 60E. 618. In many Western European nations, the law is seen as rigid and not open to interpretation. This rigidity grants a consistency to questions of law that many would argue is absent in other, more flexible systems. The European construction of law provides litigants with a clear picture of how a case will be decided. All parties involved are certain how judges will rule on issues. It is simple--judges will strictly follow the law. This simple fact, that the law will not change from one situation to another, allows for court systems in Western Europe to process cases efficiently and cuts down on the amount of frivolous lawsuits. It is useless for an individual to attempt a case if he knows in advance that the law is not in his favor.9. Dan drove home from college at an average rate of 60 miles per hour. On his trip back to college, his rate was 10 miles per hour slower and the trip took him one hour longer than the drive home. How far is Dan's home from the college?A. 65 milesB. 100 milesC. 200 milesD. 280 milesE. 300 miles10. If a and b are the lengths of the legs of a right triangle whose hypotenuse is 10 and whose area is 20,what is the value of (a +b.2?A. 100B. 120C. 140D.180E.20011. How many students are either juniors or males or both?A. 678B. 766C. 948D. 1,130E. 1,312Thousands, perhaps even millions, of people around the world are afflicted with a neurological condition called synesthesia. The word **es from the Greek words syn, which means "together," and aisthesis, which means "perception or sensation." Those affected by the disorder experience an involuntary, simultaneous joining of two senses; for example, some synesthetes--people with synesthesia-- perceive words as colors. Researchers do not know the causes of synesthesia, nor do they fully understand the mechanisms of the disorder. However, some scientists believe that synesthesia results from crossed connections in the brain; synapses that are traditionally associated with one sensory system have somehow crossed over into another sensory system, which leads to a juxtaposition of two, typically unrelated senses. Synesthetic perceptions are idiosyncratic, and are as varied as the perceivers themselves. Theoretically, the number of types of synesthesia is bound only by the sensory pairings themselves, such as the color/sound pairing mentioned previously. Researchers estimate that there could be as many as 35 different broad pairings-- sound/touch, taste/hearing, and so on--each characterized by many permutations and unique features. Indeed the variations could be endless, with each synesthete perceiving a slightly different color or sensation, for example. Although the perceptions vary among individuals, according to Dr. Richard Cytowic, a leading synesthesia expert, the lifelong inter-sensory associations of the synesthetes remain stable, no matter what senses are joined in a given synesthete.12. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. describe a medical condition that might be difficult to recognize even though it is clearly definedB. propose a radical new treatment for a medical condition that was once thought untreatableC. question the accuracy of the current definition of a well-known medical conditionD. reject one explanation of a complex phenomenon in favor of anotherE. admit several weaknesses in the current theoretical approach to a complex medical condition13. Select the sentence that best describes the scope of the sensory disorder.14. According to the passage, each of the following statements regarding synesthesia is true EXCEPTA. researchers have not yet fully explained the mechanisms behind synesthesiaB. synesthetic perceptions are unique to the individual synestheteC. the term 'synesthesia' derives from a combination of Greek root wordsD. the various permutations of synesthesia suggest that individuals experience shifting inter-sensory associationsE. researchers have so far failed to catalog all of the various sensory pairings experienced by synesthetes15. In a group of 80 students, 24 are enrolled in geometry, 40 in biology, and 20 in both. If a student were randomly selected from the 80 students, what is the probability that the student selected would not be enrolled in either course?A. 0.20B. 0.25C. 0.45D. 0.55E. 0.6016. In the world of art, distinguishing the authentic piece from the forgery is not an easy feat and often requires the use of multiple experts. Millions of dollars can be at stake, yet even experts can be fooled. However, a recent discovery has introduced a new resource for galleries and other groups seeking to establish the origins of their paintings: mathematicians. Math experts were able to analyze digital images of authenticated paintings where they found consistent differences in paint texture. This consistency suggests that each artist has a unique style of brush stroke that cannot be completely duplicated.17. Josh works on the second floor of a building. There are 10 doors to the building and 8 staircases from the first to the second floor. Josh decided that each day he would enter by one door and leave by a different one, and go up one staircase and down another. How many days could Josh do this before he had to repeat a path he had previously taken?A. 80B. 640C. 800D. 5040E. 640018. What is the average of four consecutive odd numbers starting with 2n+1?A. 4B. 2n+3C. 2n+4D. 2n+5E. n+419. Researchers at the Shimizu Institute in Japan believe it is possible to terraform Mars by making use of the planet's own resources and by introducing genetically altered life from Earth. They hope these actions will speed up the terraforming process, not just by adapting Mars to support Earth-life, but also by adapting Earthlife to exist on Mars. These experts think they can use the Martian geology itself to jump-start the planet. The theory is that detonation ofthermonuclear devices deep in the Martian mountains will trigger eruptions of hot magma that would melt the frozen atmosphere, thereby releasing **ponents necessary for life.20. The average (arithmetic mean) number of trees per acre in a 40-acre plot is 140. If a 10-acre section of the plot contains 90 trees per acre, how many trees are there in the remaining 30 acres?A. 5,700B. 4,700C. 4,200D. 3,600E. 2,700SECTION 2As concerns over man's impact on the global environment increase, many interesting innovations are being considered. For example, "green roofs" - plant-filled roof top gardens - are one substantial way to confront the country's ecological problems, and there seems to be very little in the way of a downside. For one thing, a green roof acts as a sponge for rainwater, absorbing the majority of water from a typical rainstorm. Only three to five inches of soil for a green roof is sufficient for this to occur, which keeps the weight of the roof to a minimum. Because the plantings on the roof absorb the rainwater, drainage and sewage systems have a decreased volume of water pumping through them, keeping these systems from becoming over-stressed. And while, the soil and plants are absorbing rainwater, they are also taking in pollutants for their own nourishment by storing carbon and then emitting necessary oxygen back into the atmosphere.21. The second and third sentences are characterized, respectively, byA. warning and justificationB. generalization and specificationC. invocation and definitionD. authority and reverenceE. confession and resolution22. The author's main point in the passage is thatA. green roofs are expensive to install and maintainB. green roofs are both innovative and eco-friendlyC. global warming concerns have led to many new inventionsD. plant-filled roof gardens emit oxygen into the atmosphereE. green roofs are the definitive cure for global warming23. The author references the absorption capabilities of green roofs primarily in order to illustrateA. a preoccupation with style over design practicalityB. the inefficiencies of installing plantings to a building's roofC. how green roofs lead to more efficient and less-stressed home systemsD. the increased public interest in environmental friendliness in the construction industryE. how global warming has accelerated society's interest in environmentally friendly structures24. If A is the point (-4, 1) and B is the point (2, 1), what is the area of the circle which has AB asa diameter?A. 3πB. 6πC. 9πD. 12πE. 36π25. In 1980, the cost ofp pounds of potatoes was d dollars. In 1990, the cost of 2p pounds of potatoes was dollars. By what percent did the price of potatoes decrease from 1980 to 1990?A. 25%B. 50%C. 75%D. 100%E. 400%Scientists believe that by raising atmospheric pressure and surface temperature, it is possible to transform the climate of Mars to the point where humans would be able to live there. The process by which a hostile or unsuitable environment is transformed into one that can sustain human life is called terraforming. In addition to potentially providing an alternate home for the people of Earth in the future, this undertaking may also allow scientists to test hypotheses about the process of global warming, which is a highly pertinent issue affecting our planet today.26. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding the Martian atmosphere?A. It has a lower pressure than Earth's atmosphere.B. It has a higher surface temperature than Earth.C. It can most certainly be transformed to be more like Earth's atmosphere.27. The passage addresses which of the following consequences of terraforming?A. The creation of a more hospitable planet.B. The risk of overpopulation.C. The elimination of suitable environments.D. The depletion of the atmosphere.E. The production of greenhouse gases.28. For any numbers a, b, and c,For which of the following equations is it true that there is exactly one positive integer that satisfies it'?A. noneB. Ⅰ onlyC. Ⅲ onlyD. Ⅰ and Ⅲ onlyE. Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ29. Thousands of years ago, royalty of diverse cultures were often buried in extremely lavish tombs that they **missioned in preparation for their inevitable deaths. About 2,200 years ago, a Chinese emperor named Qin Shihuang had such a tomb prepared. At the age of thirteen, Qin Shihuang had succeeded his father as emperor. The boy was very aggressive and ambitious. He assumed full power at the age of 22 by ridding himself of his rival, a man who had controlled the throne while Qin Shihuang was a minor. Qin Shihuang's goal was to unify and subjugate all of the Chinese states using his powerful political, economic, and military strength. Despite an ongoing quest for immortality, Qin Shihuang died while traveling at the age of 49. Although he has been dead for centuries, historians can continue to learn of his life by studying the artifacts found in the extravagant tomb in which he was laid to rest.Directions: In the following questions, choose the best answer from the five choices listed.30. The Center City Little League is divided into d divisions. Each division has t teams, and each team has p players. How many players are there in the entire league?31. A number x is chosen at random from the set of positive integers less than 10. What is the probability that ?32.33. If the average (arithmetic mean) of 10, 20, 30, 40, and x is 60, what is the value of x?A. 50B. 60C. 100D. 150E. 200Total enrollment in higher education institutions, by controland type of institution: Fall 1972-9534. In 1995 the number of students enrolled in public institutions of higher education was approximately how many times the number of students enrolled in private institutions of higher education?A. 2B. 2.5C. 3D. 3.5E. 435. If the total enrollment in institutions of higher education in 1972 was 5,000,000. approximately how many students were enrolled in private 4-year institutions in 1995?A. 1,000,000B. 1,100,000C. 1,250,000D. 1,500,000E. 1,650,00036. If a is increased by 10% and b is decreased by 10%, the resulting numbers will be equal. What is the ratio of a to b?37. Paul drove m miles in h hours; Michelle drove the same distance in an hour less. How fast, in miles per hour, did Michelle drive?38. For how many positive integers m ≤ 100 is (m -5)(m -45) positive?A. 45B. 50C. 58D. 59E. 6039. In 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister of Great Britain. Her accession was one of the most important steps in finally making the Chunnel a reality. Thatcher had made it part of her political platform, finally giving the project full political weight. Still, it was not until two years later, when Thatcher met with French President Francois Mitterand for one of their routine economic meetings, that she and he organized a committee to take a new and serious look at building the Chunnel. Both political leaders felt that the underwater tunnel would be advantageous to their respective countries by bringing important financial support to local businesses as well as providing jobs to counteract growing unemployment. Both Thatcher and Mitterand also knew that it would enhance their image worldwide and leave behind a legacy of their respective times in office.Average expected family contribution (EFC) for dependent students,by family income: Academic year 1995-9640. A family's unmet need (which must be covered by a financial aid package. is defined to be the total cost of attending an institution of higher education minus the expected family contribution. What is the unmet need of a family whose income is $55,000 and who has a child attending a 4-year public university?A. $700B. $3300C. $6800D. $7500E. $12,50041. If family A has an income of $95,000 per year, and family B has an income of $35,000 per year, and each has a child attending a 4-year public university, to the nearest $1000, how much more would family A be expected to pay than family B?A. $4000B. $7000C. $10,000D. $12,000E. $15,000。
1994英语考研真题
1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)1. By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks.[A] shall stay[B] have stayed[C] will have stayed[D] have been staying2. I appreciated ________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.[A] having been given[B] having given[C] to have been given[D] to have given3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtainingwater is not the least.[A] of which[B] for what[C] as[D] whose4. The heart is ________ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlledby the brain.[A] not so[B] not much[C] much more[D] no more5. ________ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persisted2大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案in his research.[A] Because of[B] As to[C] In spite of[D] In view of6. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetryis his insistence that it ________ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.[A] is to be analyzed[B] has been analyzed[C] be analyzed[D] should have been analyzed7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ________all practical value by the time they were finished.[A] could lose[B] would have lost[C] might lose[D] ought to have lost8. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as ________ earned by his own labour.[A] one[B] that[C] such[D] what9. It isn’t cold enough for there ________ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s carout quite safely.[A] would be[B] being[C] was[D] to be10. Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50to 100 years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.[A] as long as[B] as much as[C] as soon as1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题3[D] as well asPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)11. Similar elements in the prehistoric remainsA from both areas suggestBthatIndians and their neighbours had maintainedC distant but real connections everDbefore 1500 B. C.12. It soon became obviouslyA that instead of being trainedBto sing she wouldCbetrained asDthe astronomer’s assistant.13. He also conceivedA that the solar system and the universe would comeBintoexistence byC a natural process and would disappearDone day.14. The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times lessA than the earthB;in consequenceC ,the force ofDgravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth ofthat at the earth’s surface.15. “The Bunsen burner is soA named because it is thoughtBto be inventedCbyRobert Bunsen, who was German byDbirth.16. Much althoughA I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equalBher inthoroughness, whateverC the job D.17. The weedsA and tall grass in that yard makesBthe house lookCas if it4大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案had been vacantDfor quite some time.18. If onlyA the nature of the aging process isBbetter understood, the possibilityof discoveringCa medicine that can block the fundamental process of agingseemsDvery remote.19. When I consider how talented he isA as a painterB, I cannot help but believingCthat the publicDwill appreciate his gift.20. Allen has statedA that he has always hadBa great interestCand admiration forDthe work of the British economist Keynes.Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)21. Please do not be ________ by his bad manners since he is merely trying toattract attention.[A] disregarded[B] distorted[C] irritated[D] intervened22. Craig assured his boss that he would ________ all his energies in doing thisnew job.[A] call forth[B] call at[C] call on[D] call off23. Too much ________ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题5the body.[A] disclosure[B] exhibition[C] contact[D] exposure24. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ________, and I canhardly remember my own date of birth.[A] dim[B] blank[C] faint[D] vain25. It is well known that knowledge is that ________ condition for expansion ofmind.[A] incompatible[B] incredible[C] indefinite[D] indispensable26. More than two hundred years ago the United States ________ from the BritishEmpire and become an independent country.[A] got off[B] pulled down[C] broke away[D] dropped off27. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ________ loudcontinuous noise.[A] subjected to[B] filled with[C] associated with[D] attached to28. Some of the most important concepts in physics ________ their success to thesemathematical systems.[A] oblige[B] owe[C] contribute6大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案[D] attribute29. As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something________ researching into.[A] precious[B] worth[C] worthy[D] valuable30. As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals ________a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.[A] relieve[B] release[C] dismiss[D] discard31. Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would ________be able to walk.[A] in no time[B] by all means[C] in no way[D] on any account32. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping ________ to give her long andflowing hair a smooth.[A] occasionally[B] simultaneously[C] eventually[D] promptly33. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they havetaken great ________ to educate their children.[A] efforts[B] pains[C] attempts[D] endeavours34. If any man here does not agree with me, he should ________ his own plan forimproving the living conditions of these people.1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题7[A] put on[B] put out[C] put in[D] put forward35. I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be________ to it.[A] connected[B] fastened[C] bound[D] stuck36. The English language contains a(n) ________ of words which arecomparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.[A] altitude[B] latitude[C] multitude[D] attitude37. In my opinion, you can widen the ________ of these improvements throughyour active participation.[A] dimension[B] volume[C] magnitude[D] scope38. Your improper words will give ________ to doubts concerning your trueintentions.[A] rise[B] reason[C] suspicion[D] impulse39. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made ________.[A] on the spot[B] on the site[C] on the location[D] on the ground8大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案40. The remarkable ________ of life on the Galapagos Islands inspired CharlesDarwin to establish his theory of evolution.[A] classification[B] variety[C] density[D] diversionSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44unfavorable reactions in the listener 45interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.46, inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47difficult for the listener to understand the 48which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49to explain or describe in a 50that can be understood by his listeners.41. [A] of[B] at[C] for[D] on42. [A] inaccessible[B] timely1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题9[C] likely[D] invalid43. [A] encourages[B] prevents[C] destroys[D] offers44. [A] pass out[B] take away[C] back up[D] stir up45. [A] who[B] as[C] which[D] what46. [A] Moreover[B] However[C] Preliminarily[D] Unexpectedly47. [A] that[B] it[C] so[D] this48. [A] speech[B] sense[C] message[D] meaning49. [A] obscure[B] difficult[C] impossible[D] unable50. [A] case10大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案[B] means[C] method[D] waySection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51. In Line 8, Paragraph 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes”1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题11means ________.[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production[B] consumers can express their demands through producers[C] producers decide the prices of products[D] supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by________.[A] private property and rights concerned[B] manpower and natural resources control[C] ownership of productive resources[D] free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about ________.[A] how American goods are produced[B] how American consumers buy their goods[C] how American economic system works[D] how American businessmen make their profitsText 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon -- it’s already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most12大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________.[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper[D] cash money wherever he wishes to56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57. The phrase “ring up sale s” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means “________”.[A] make an order of goods[B] record sales on a cash register[C] call the sales manager[D] keep track of the goods in stock58. What is this passage mainly about?[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.Text 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题13 describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding -- the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.”We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children -- the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children -- disabled or not -- to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage toshow that ________.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and thesociety[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normalchildren are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of theexceptional children60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in educationis that ________.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potential[D] disabled children deserve special consideration61. This passage mainly deals with ________.14大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptionalchildren ________.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country’s founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisionsText 4“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging -- 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”63. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________.1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题15[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered64. The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancerpatients[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with variouscancers[D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients65. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________.[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated[C] that can be driven out of normal cells[D] which normal cells can’t turn off66. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means ________.[A] dead[B] ever-present[C] inactive[D] potentialText 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds”to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal -- and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.16大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.67. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.[C] A person who has had no education.[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?[A] The variety of ideas they have.[B] The intelligence they possess.[C] The way they deal with problems.[D] The way they present their findings.69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________.[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for newways of doing things[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’s point of view[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented70. The phrase “march to a different drummer”(the last line of the passage)suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.[A] diligent in pursuing their goals[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things[C] devoted to the progress of society[D] concerned about the advance of societySection IV English-Chinese Translation1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题17 Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) “In short,” a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75) Whether the Government’s should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.Section V WritingDIRECTIONS:[A] Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS[B] TIME LIMIT: 40 minutes[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should startwith the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly dowithout a friend.”[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)。
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1994年2月GRE考试真题SECTION 21 .If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writers' willingness to------- popular tastes.(A) struggle against(B) cater to(C) admire(D) flout(E) elude2. Candidates who oppose the present state incometax must be able to propose ----- ways to ---- the financing of state operations.(A) intelligent.. initiate(B) individual.. diversify(C) innovative.. alleviate(D) arbitrary.. maintain(E) alternate.. continue3. Although strong legal remedies for nonpayment ofchild support are ------ the delay and expense associated with these remedies make it ------- todevelop other options.(A) unpopular.. useful(B) required.. impossible(C) available.. imperative(D) unavailing.. impractical(E) nonexistent.. ridiculous4. Calculus, though still indispensable to science and technology, is no longer ----- ; it has an equal partner called discrete mathematics.(A) preeminent(B) pertinent(C) beneficial(D) essential(E) pragmatic5. Demonstrating a mastery of innuendo, he issued several ----- insults in the course of the evening's conversation.(A) blunt(B) boisterous(C) fallacious(D) veiled(E) embellished6. The ----- of gamblers' unsuccessful decision strategies is one ----- of the illusions built into games of chance in order to misguide players andtake their money.(A) distortion.. outcome(B) restriction.. result(C) maintenance.. function(D) prediction.. accomplishment(E) demonstration.. prerequisite7. The natures of social history and lyric poetry are ------ , social history always recounting the -------and lyric poetry speaking for unchanging humannature, that timeless essence beyond fashion andeconomics.(A) predetermined.. bygone(B) antithetical.. evanescent(C) interdependent.. unnoticed(D) irreconcilable.. unalterable(E) indistinguishable.. transitory8. JOG: EXERCISE::(A)immunize : disease(B)barter: trade(C)borrow: bank(D)punish: law(E)vote: candidate9. STERILE : BACTERIA::(A)moldy : fungus(B)mendacious : lies(C)desiccated : thirst(D)colorless: rainbow(E)impeccable : flaws10. STOKE: FUEL::(A)irrigate : water(B)simulate: imitation(C)radiate: steam(D)choke: obstacle(E)propel: force11. ANECDOTE: AMUSEMENT::(A)parable: brevity(B)lecture: instruction(C)harangue: complacency(D)caption: illustration(E)slogan: repetition12. PORTRAIT: PAINTING::(A)ballet: music(B)meter: poetry(C)solo: ensemble(D)biography: history(E)documentary: event13. VENERABLE: REVERENCE::(A)fallible: correction(B)viable : performance(C)despicable : scorn(D)credible: honor(E)amiable: reconciliation14. DOLDRUMS: ENERGY::(A)joy: euphoria(B)rehabilitation: discipline(C)hunger : thirst(D)depravity: virtue(E)grief: hope15. DISINTERESTED: PARTISANSHIP::(A)meticulous : preservation(B)straightforward: argument(C)adroit: fatigue(D)venal : probity(E)efficient : dispatch16. MERCENARY: SOLDIER::(A)amateur : artist(B)apprentice : student(C)pedant : teacher(D)demagogue: leader(E)hack: writerAnalyzing the physics of dance can addfundamentally to a dancer's skill.Although dancers seldom see themselvestotally in physical terms-as body mass(5) moving through space under theinfluence of well-known forces andobeying physical laws-neither can theyafford to ignore the physics ofmovement.For example, no matter how(10) much a dancer wishes to leap off the floorand then start turning, the law ofconservation of angular momentumabsolutely prevents such a movement.Some movements involving primarily(15) vertical or horizontal motions of thebody as a whole, in which rotations canbe ignored, can be studied using simpleequations of linear motion in threedimensions. However, rotational motions(20) require more complex approaches thatinvolve analyses of the way the body'smass is distributed, the axes ofrotation involved in different types ofmovement, and the sources of the forces(25) that produce the rotational movement.17. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) initiate a debate over two approaches to analyzing a field of study(B) describe how one field of knowledge can be applied to another field(C) point out the contradictions between two distinct theories(D) define and elaborate on an accepted scientific principle(E) discuss the application of a new theory within a new setting18. The author mentions all of the following as contributing to anunderstanding of the physics of dance EXCEPT:(A) the law of conservation of angular momentum(B) analyses of the way in which the body’s mass is distributed(C) equations of linear motion in three dimensions(D) analyses of the sources that produce rotational motions(E) the technical terms for movements such as leaps and turns19. The author implies that dancers can become more skilled by doing whichof the following?(A) Ignoring rotational movements(B) Understanding the forces that permit various movements(C) Solving simple linear equations(D) Learning the technical terms utilized by choreographers(E) Circumventing the law of conservation of angular momentum20. Analysis of which of the following would require the kind of complexapproach described in lines 14-19?(A) A long leap across space(B) A short jump upward with a return to the same place(C) A sustained and controlled turn in place(D) Short, rapid steps forward and then backward without turning(E) Quick sidesteps in a diagonal lineHuman relations have commandedpeople's attention from early times.The ways of people have been recordedin innumerable myths, folktales, novels,(5) poems, plays, and popular or philo-sophical essays. Although the fullsignificance of a human relationship maynot be directly evident, the complexityof feelings and actions that can be(10) understood at a glance is surprisinglygreat. For this reason psychologyholds a unique position amongthe sciences. "Intuitive" knowledgemay be remarkably penetrating(15) and can significantly help us under-stand human behavior, whereas in thephysical sciences such commonsenseknowledge is relatively primitive.If we erased all knowledge of scien- (20) tific physics from our modem word,not only would we not have cars andtelevision sets, we might even findthat the ordinary person was unableto cope with the fundamental mechanical (25) problems of pulleys and levers. Onthe other hand if we removed allknowledge of scientific psychologyfrom our world, problems in inter-personal relations might easily be (30) coped with and solved much as before.We would still "know" how to avoiddoing something asked of us and howto get someone to agree with us; wewould still "know" when someone was (35) angry and when someone was pleased.One could even offer sensible expla-nations for the "whys" of much ofthe self's behavior and feelings.In other words, the ordinary person (40) has a great and profound understandingof the self and of other people which,though unformulated of only vaguelyconceived, enables one to interactwith others in more or less adaptive (45) ways. Kohler in referring to the lackof great discoveries in psychology ascompared with physics, accounts forthis by saying that "people wereacquainted with practically all(50) territories of mental life a longtime before the founding of scientificpsychology."Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to (55) grasp human relations, the science ofhuman relations has been one of thelast to develop. Different expla-nations of this paradox have beensuggested. One is that science(60) would destroy the vain and pleasingillusions people have about themselves;but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunkingwritings, from Ecclesiastes to Freud.(65) It has also been proposed that justbecause we know so much about peopleintuitively, there has been lessincentive for studying them scientifi-cally; why should one develop a theory, (70) carry out systematic observations, ormake predictions about the obvious?In any case, the field of humanrelations, with its vast literarydocumentation but meager scientific(75) treatment, is in great contrast tothe field of physic in which thereare relatively few nonscientific books.21. According to the passage, it has been suggested that the science of humanrelations was slow to develop because(A) intuitive knowledge of human relations is derived from philosophy(B) early scientists were more interested in the physical world(C) scientific studies of human relations appear to investigate theobvious(D) the scientific method is difficult to apply to the study of humanrelations(E) people generally seem to be more attracted to literary than toscientific writings about human relations22. The author’s statement that “Psychology holds a unique position among thesciences” (lines 8-9) is supported by which of the following claims in the passage?(A) The full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious.(B) Commonsense understanding of human relations can be incisive.(C) Intuitive knowledge in the physical sciences is relatively advanced.(D) Subjective bias is difficult to control in psychological research.(E) Psychological facts are too imprecise to lead to great discoveries.23. According to the passage, an understanding of the self can be(A) highly biased due to unconscious factors(B) profound even when vaguely conceived(C) improved by specialized training(D) irrelevant for understanding human relations(E) more reliable than knowledge about other people24. It can be inferred that the author would most likely agree with which ofthe following statements regarding people who lived before the advent of scientific psychology?(A) Their understanding of human relations was quite limited.(B) They were uninterested in acquiring knowledge of the physical world.(C) They misunderstood others more frequently than do people today.(D) Their intuitions about human relations were reasonably sophisticated.(E) They were more likely to hold pleasing illusions about themselves thanare people today.25. The author implies that attempts to treat human relations scientificallyhave thus far been relatively(A) unilluminating(B) paradoxical(C) pessimistic(D) encouraging(E) uninterpretable26. The author refers to people who are attracted to “pessimistic, debunkingwritings” (line 44) in order to support which of the following ideas?(A) Interesting books about human relations are typically pessimistic.(B) People tend to ignore scientific explanations of human relations.(C) People rarely hold pleasing illusions about themselves.(D) A scientific approach human relations would undermine the pleasingillusions people hold of themselves.(E) It is doubtful that the science of human relations developed slowlybecause of a desire to maintain pleasing illusions.27. It can be inferred that the author assumes that commonsense knowledge ofhuman relations is(A) equally well developed among all adults within a given society(B) considerably more accurate in some societies than in others(C) biased insofar as it is based on myths and folktales(D) typically unrelated to an individual’s interactions with other people(E) usually sufficiently accurate to facilitate interactions with others28. UNSUBSTANTIATED:(A)having unknown consequences(B)carefully done(C)modified(D)minimized(E)verified29. CHICANERY:(A)public praise(B)unimpassioned declaration(C)honest dealing(D)extemporaneous argument(E)consistent action30. VIABILITY:(A)inability to change(B)inability to breathe(C)inability to live(D)state of frivolity(E)state of immobility31. PROTUBERANT:(A)depressed(B)slick(C)desiccated(D)contorted(E)opaque32. CURSORY:(A)extremely delicate(B)unusually brilliant(C)completely natural(D)painstakingly thorough(E)overwhelmingly emotional33. AMELIORATE:(A)preserve(B)participate(C)aggravate(D)implement(E)implicate34. STIPULATION:(A)heated discussion(B)demanding task(C)erroneous interpretation(D)tacit requirement(E)paramount concern35. ABDICATE:(A)assume(B)resist(C)defend(D)propose(E)dictate36. RESTIVENESS:(A)contentment(B)heartiness(C)smugness(D)bashfulness(E)urbanity37. FORESTALL:(A)defend(B)abet(C)renounce(D)accept(E)badger38. GRANDILOQUENT:(A)precious(B)ambiguous(C)colloquial(D)secretive(E)ribaldSECTION 6Time-30 minutes38 Questions1. Exposure to low-intensity gamma radiation slowsthe rate of growth of the spoilage microorganismsin food in much the same way that the low heatused in pasteurization ------- the spoilage action of the microorganisms in milk.(A) precludes(B) initiates(C) inhibits(D) isolates(E) purifies2. In today's world, manufacturers' innovations are easily copied and thus differences between productsare usually -------; advertisers, therefore, are forced to ------- these differences in order to suggest the uniqueness of their clients' products.(A) crucial.. downplay(B) minimal.. reduce(C) slight.. exaggerate(D) common.. emphasize(E) intrinsic.. create3. To avoid annihilation by parasites, some caterpillars are able to ----- periods of active growth by prematurely entering a dormant state, which is characterized by the -------- of feeding.(A) curtail.. suspension(B) foster.. continuation(C) prevent.. stimulation(D) mediate.. synthesis(E) invert.. simulation4. Prior to the work of Heckel, illustrations of fishwere often beautiful but rarely -------; this fact,combined with the ---- nature of most nineteenth-century taxonomic descriptions, often kept scientists from recognizing differences between species.(A) impressive.. inaccurate(B) realistic.. detailed(C) traditional.. progressive(D) precise.. inexact(E) distinctive.. sophisticated5. Experienced and proficient, Susan is a good, ------trumpeter her music is often more satisfying thanCarol's brilliant but ------- playing.(A) virtuoso.. inimitable(B) mediocre.. eccentric(C) competent.. influential(D) amateur.. renowned(E) reliable.. erratic6. In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as --------(A) a paradigm(B) a misnomer(C) a profundity(D) an inaccuracy.(E) an anomaly7. Marshall's confrontational style could alienate almost anyone: he even antagonized a board of directors that included a number of his supporters and that had a reputation for not being easily ------(A) intimidated(B) mollified(C) reconciled(D) provoked(E) motivated8. MARSH: SODDEN::(A)creek: wide(B)laughter: arrhythmic(C)desert: arid(D)question: inaudible(E)fence: short9. GRIPE: DISCONTENT::(B)praise: admiration(C)depart: journey(D)conspire: pact(E)react: response10. DIRECTOR: SCRIPT::(A)politician : document(B)conductor: score(C)photographer: picture(D)choreographer: dance(E)historian: genealogy11. OPPORTUNE: CONVENIENCE::(A)ineffable: substance(B)impenetrable : durability(C)impermanent: transience(D)excessive : superficiality(E)remediable: effort12. CIRCULAR: ASYMMETRICAL::(A)protean: rigid(B)prior: unfinished(C)scarce: withheld(D)unique: rare(E)imminent: impending13. OPERA: ARIA::(A)symphony: coda(C)concert: encore(D)movie : credits(E)lecture: oration14. COMMAND: ENTREATY::(A)threat: antagonism(B)reproach: fault(C)spat: quarrel(D)snare: entrapment(E)goad: enticement15. GRANDSTAND: IMPRESS::(A)patronize: alienate(B)hedge: reveal(C)equivocate: deceive(D)presume: disprove(E)upbraid: dislike16. REPROVE: REPRIMAND::(A)blame: censure(B)control : contain(C)persuade : convince(D)thwart : confront(E)inconvenience : effectAlthough a historical lack of access toformal Spanish- language educationinitially limited the opportunities ofsome Chicanos to hone their skills as(5) writers of Spanish, their bilingualculture clearly fostered an exuberantand compelling oral tradition. It hasthus generally been by way of theemphasis on oral literary creativity(10) that these Chicano writers, whoseEnglish language works are sometimesuninspired, developed the powerful andarresting language that characterizedtheir Spanish-language works. This(15) Spanish-English difference is notsurprising. When writing in Spanish,these authors stayed close to the spokentraditions of their communities wherepublication, support, and instructive(20) response would come quickly in local orregional newspapers. Works in English,however, often required the eliminationof nuance or colloquialism, theadoption of a formal tone, and the(25) adjustment of themes or ideas tosatisfy the different demands ofnational publications.17. The passage is primarily concerned with doing which of the following?(A) Debating the historical value of a literary movement(B) Describing and accounting for a difference in literary styles(C) Explaining a publishing decision and evaluating its results(D) Analyzing the expectations of a particular group of readers(E) Classifying several kinds of literary production18. According to the author, the Chicano oral experience contributed directlyto which of the following characteristics in the work of some Chicano writers?(A) A sensitivity to and adeptness in using the spoken language(B) A tendency to appear in national rather than regional publications(C) A style reflecting the influence of Spanish language education(D) A reliance on a rather formal style(E) A capacity to appeal to a broad range of audiences19. Which of the following best describes the function of the last twosentences of the passage (lines 11-19)?(A) They expand on an advantage mentioned in the first sentence of thepassage(lines 1-5).(B) They outline the consequences of a limitation discussed in the firstsentence of the passage (lines 1-5).(C) They provide explicit examples drawn from the oral and the writtenworks mentioned in the second sentence of the passage (lines 5-10).(D) They explain the causes of a phenomenon mentioned in the third sentenceof the passage(lines 10-11).(E) They limit the applicability of a generalization made in the thirdsentence of the passage (lines 10-11).20. The passage suggests that which of the following was probablycharacteristic of the “national publications” mentioned in line 19?(A) They primarily presented scholarly material of little interest to ageneral audience.(B) They sometimes published articles treating controversial themes.(C) They encouraged authors to feature local issues in articles in orderto increase circulation.(D) They included a significant number of articles by minority authors.(E) They took a stylistically formal approach to material of interest toa general audience.The two claws of the mature Americanlobster are decidedly different fromeach other. The crusher claw is shortand stout; the cutter claw is long and(5) slender. Such bilateral asymmetry, inwhich the right side of the body is,inall other respects, a mirror image ofthe left side,is not unlike handednessin humans. But where the majority of(10) humans are right-handed, in lobstersthe crusher claw appears with equalprobability on either the right orleft side of the body.Bilateral asymmetry of the claws(15) comes about gradually. In the juvenilefourth and fifth stages of development,the paired claws are symmetrical andcutter like. Asymmetry begins to appearin the juvenile sixth stage of develop-(20) ment, and the paired claws furtherdiverge toward well-defined cutterand crusher claws during succeedingstages. An intriguing aspect of thisdevelopment was discovered by Victor (25) Emmel. He found that if one of thepaired claws is removed during thefourth or fifth stage, the intactclaw invariably becomes a crusher.while the regenerated claw becomes(30) a cutter. Removal of a claw duringa liter juvenile stage or duringadulthood, when asymmetry is present,does not alter the asymmetry; theintact and the regenerate claws retain (35) their original structures.These observations indicate that the conditions that trigger differ-entiation must operate in a random,manner when the paired claws are(40) intact but in a nonrandom mannerwhen one of the claws is lost. Onepossible explanation is that differ-ential use of the claws determinestheir asymmetry. Perhaps the claw (45) that is used more becomes the crusher.This would explain why, when one ofthe claws is missing during the fourthor fifth stage, the intact claw alwaysbecomes a crusher. With two intact(50) claws, initial use of one claw mightprompt the animal to use it more thanthe other throughout the juvenilefourth and fifth stages, causing itto become a crusher.(55) To test this hypothesis, researchersraised lobsters in the juvenile fourthand fifth stages of development in alaboratory environment in which thelobsters could manipulate oyster chips.(60) (Not coincidentally, at this stage ofdevelopment lobsters typically changefrom a habitat where they driftpassively, to the ocean floor wherethey have the opportunity to be more (65) active by burrowing in the substrate.)Under these conditions, the lobstersdeveloped asymmetric claws, half withcrusher claws on the left, and halfwith crusher claws on the right. In (70) contrast, when juvenile lobsters werereared in a smooth tank without theoyster chips, the majority developedtwo cutter claws. This unusual con-figuration of symmetrical cutter claws (75) did not change when the lobsters weresubsequently placed in a manipulatableenvironment or when they lost andregenerated one or both claws.21. The passage is primarily concerned with(A) drawing an analogy between asymmetry in lobsters and handedness inhumans(B) developing a method for predicting whether crusher claws in lobsterswill appear on the left or right side(C) explaining differences between lobsters’ crusher claws and cutterclaws(D) discussing a possible explanation for the way bilateral asymmetry isdetermined in lobsters(E) summarizing the stages of development of the lobster22. Each of the following statements about the development of a lobster’scrusher claw is supported by information in the passage EXCEPT:(A) It can be stopped on one side and begun on the other after the juvenilesixth stage.(B) It occurs gradually over a number of stages.(C) It is initially apparent in the juvenile sixth stage.(D) It can occur even when a prospective crusher claw is removed in thejuvenile sixth stage.(E) It is less likely in the absence of a manipulatable environment.23. Which of the following experimental results, if observed, would mostclearly contradict the findings of Victor Emmel?(A) A left cutterlike claw is removed in the fifth stage and a crusherclaw develops on the right side.(B) A left cutterlike claw is removed in the fourth stage and a crusherclaw develops on the left side.(C) A left cutterlike claw is removed in the sixth stage and a crusherclaw develops on the right side.(D) Both cutterlike claws are removed in the fifth stage and a crusherclaw develops on the left side.(E) Both cutterlike claws are removed in the fourth stage and a crusherclaw develops on the right side.24. It can be inferred that of the two laboratory environments mentioned inthe passage, the one with oyster chips was designed to(A) prove that the presence of oyster chips was not necessary for thedevelopment of a crusher claw(B) prove that the relative length of time that the lobsters were exposedto the oyster-chip environment had little impact on the developmentof a crusher claw(C) eliminate the environment as a possible influence in the developmentof a crusher claw(D) control on which side the crusher claw develops(E) simulate the conditions that lobsters encounter in their naturalenvironment25. It can be inferred from the passage that one difference between lobstersin the earlier stages of development and those in the juvenile fourth and fifth stages is that lobsters in the early stages are(A) likely to be less active(B) likely to be less symmetrical(C) more likely to lose a claw(D) more likely to replace a crusher claw with a cutter claw(E) more likely to regenerate a lost claw26. Which of the following conditions does the passage suggest is a possiblecause for the failure of a lobster to develop a crusher claw?(A) The loss of a claw during the third or earlier stage of development(B) The loss of a claw during the fourth or fifth stage of development(C) The loss of a claw during the sixth stage of development(D) Development in an environment devoid of material that can bemanipulated(E) Development in an environment that changes frequently throughout thestages of development27. The author regards the idea that differentiation is triggered randomlywhen paired claws remain intact as(A) irrefutable considering the authoritative nature of Emmel’sobservations(B) likely in view of present evidence(C) contradictory to conventional thinking on lobster-clawdifferentiation(D) purely speculative because it is based on scattered research andexperimentation(E) unlikely because of apparent inconsistencies with theories onhandedness in humans28. AWE:(A)compassion(B)eclecticism(C)irreverence(D)guilt(E)nervousness29. AGGREGATE:(A)belittle(C)disperse(D)confuse(E)alleviate30. BOON:(A)misfortune(B)imbroglio(C)hopeless situation(D)acrimonious debate(E)callous behavior31. ARTIFICE:(A)contentment(B)self-assurance(C)candor(D)temerity(E)reticence32. VESTIGFAL:(A)uniform in shape(B)fully developed(C)turgid(D)moribund(E)malleable33. MOLLIFY:(A)rouse(B)refute(D)oppose(E)criticize34. FERAL:(A)beneficial(B)cultivated(C)bold(D)anticipated(E)primary35. RUEFUL:(A)secretly envious(B)gravely thoughtful(C)openly ambitious(D)impenitent(E)vengeful36. SCRAPPY:(A)charming(B)timorous(C)conventional(D)canny(E)confused37. COZEN:(A)deal with forthrightly(B)invite reluctantly(C)urge forward。