2009年安徽大学硕士研究生入学考试608基础英语

要徽太營2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题试题名称：基础英语试题代码：608 (注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上一律无效）I. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (30 points)1. When the writer played cards with muleteers at the inn, he____the cards before he dealt.A. shuffledB. jumbledC. muddledD. rattled2. Since the question of her decision is not one to be considered lightly, the writer tried to____theanswer.A. deludeB. eludeC. evadeD. pervade3. He is____this house while that house is — his elder daughter.A. in possession of; in possessionB. in the possession of; in possession ofC. in possession of; in the possession ofD. in the possession of; in the possession of4. He must have finished it yesterday,_______?A. mustn’t heB. didn't heC. haven't heD. won’t he5. He always_____me when he came to the city.A. call atB. dropped onC. dropped in onD. dropped in at6. The doctor has almost lost hope ai one poinx, but the patient finally_____.A. pulled outB. pulled throughC. pulled upD. pulled out7. The effect of the drug w ill_____after four hours or so.A. fall throughB. wind up :C. end upD. wear off8. We make!for her rudeness~she has never been taught good manners.A. roomB. allowanceC. upD. allowances9. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material______to its burning temperature.A. is heatedB. will be heatedC. be heatedD. would be heated10. Perseverance is a kind of quality - and that’s_____it takes to do anything well.A. what B, that C. which D. why11. AH flights w because of the terrible weather, they had to get there by train.A. having been canceledB. had been canceledC. having canceled D, were canceled12. The flight leaves in twenty minutes----we’ll never make____.A. thisB. thatC.theseD.it13. Books of this kind_____well.A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is sold14. You can buy the cloth meters or the yard.A. in; byB. by; inC. in; inD. by; by15. My clock ten minutes a day, so I have to set it back.A. gainsB. winsC. acquiresD.loses16. The patient is supposed to go to the hospital for_____checks.17. The council was considered as too_____to the government.A. suspiciousB. subservientC. doubtfulD. attendant18. The unusually warm spring day seemed like a____of summer.A. foresightB. forecastC. foretasteD. forethought】9. This witness has committed_______and no reliance can be placed on her evidence.A. inquiryB. peripheryC. perjuryD. proximity20. It is important to boost the morale of the soldiers a s low morale can render an army____.A. disabledB. sterileC. barrenD. impotent21. Inconvenient transportation is a_____to the development of t he mountain village.A. disincentiveB. refrainC. motivationD. restrain22. We’ll have to be____when we want to eliminate unnecessary waste.A. coid-bloodedB. callousC. ruthlessD. strict23. You should use cotton wool to clean the wound. It is much more_____.A. cleanB. sanitaryC. healthyD. hygienic24. He destroyed the witness’s character by_____base motives to his actions.A. illuminatingB. associatingC. recuperatingD. insinuating25. His difficulties are_____by the fact that people refuse to take him seriously.A. exacerbatedB. deterioratedC. compoundedD. encountered26. Make sure that your immunizations are up to date to the risk of serious illness.A. dimmishB. lessenC. decreaseD. reduce27. -Shall we go for a picnic this weekend?--_________. I love getting close to the nature.A. I couldn’t agree moreB. I think soC. Me, tooD. I’m afraid not28. Please tell me the way you think of______her garden.A. take care ofB. to take care ofC. taking care ofD. how to take care of29. If you____________be fired, your health and pension benefits will not be automatically cut off.A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. should30. He felt____when he ran into her in the elevator.A. restrictiveB. constrainedC. maladroitD. loathsomeII. Complete each sentence with the suitable word derived from the one provided in the parentheses. (20 points)1. A writer can usually get %copies of a new book after it is published, (compliment)2. Helen had no appetite, and could not swallow many______when she sat at table that evening.(mouth)3.Reading is a good way to______, better than TV. (wind)4. .energy may be used in future as a substitute for fossil fuels, (sun)5. ______sports such as swimming and water polo are becoming increasingly popular in China.(water)6. My uncle gave a long and stagy laugh, wiping away tears after hearing what the womanhad charged for the small house, (image)7. In real and imminent danger they thought little about whether their conduct was______totheir social status, (become)9. We are proud that you have adopted a_________approach to this controversial subject, (sense)10. They considered her behaviour a_____piece of snobbery, (shame)1::1.Life would be ordy a series of such sorry_____for him. (reveal)12. He told the magazine in an______interview: “All my problems stem from drink.” (exclude)13. The past three years have been among the most in world history, (moment)14. Anne had a gamine charm which men found______attractive, (resist)15. FU never allow you to take the journey of seventy miles alone and________(attend)16. They have taken a wrong turning in their______that all men and women think alike, (assume)数.The_____look that suggested how worthless he found my plan to be made me break into a cold sweat, (contempt)18. Because of its______, this test could be carried out easily by a family doctor, (simple)19. He had rather_____work habits, preferring to work through the night, (convention)20. He states in a n_____way that he is opposed to any practices which oppress animals.(compromise)III. Put in the missing words with initial letters given. (20 points)Helen McCarthy worked for the Department of Social and Health Service for the state of Washington for over ten years. At woric she was regularly [1] e_____to tobacco smoke. A [2] n______，Helen complained to her superiors about the [3] s______, but no [4] a were made to help her. [5] E . Helen [6] d________obstructive lung cancer. At first, one may think that Helen's is a [7] r_____and unusual [8] c______• However, there is an [9] L_____number of non-smokers throughout the country who suffer from [10] i______from or are simply tired of being exposed to tobacco [11] s_____from the j ob. There is, in addition, an increased[12] i_____ of the right o f employees to work in a [] 3] s environment. Due to the [14] a of nonsmokers，rights, some companies have [15] ... .:smoking policies in an effort to provide a more [16] h______and more productive [17] w_______.,While no-smoking policies offer a good start to an [18] i work enviroranent, there should be a [19] b____on smoking in the [20] w_____to ultimately get rid of all smoking on the job.IV. Explain the meaning of the underlined phrases, (20 pointe)1. In default of a better solution, we’ll have to make do wiüi tiiis one.2.. The committee assented to our proposal3. She chanced on some valuable document when she was cleaning out the attic.4. She has had a terrible struggle fhis winter through her sons being out of work, and now herhusband’s accident may well prove to be the last straw that breaks the camel’s back.5. I，ve been on the go since eight o’clock this morning.6. His statement is racism pure and simple.7. Our plans are still quite in the air.8. David turned over his business to his successors.9. The regulations rule out anyone under the age of 18.10. Obviously, to prove these hypotheses is a tdl order, since it involves a scientific dilemmawhere positive evidence can never be enoughV. Read the following passage and then paraphrase the underlined sentences. (20 points)Are Two Moms Better Than One?For many years parents have been suffering the heartbreak of having their child diagnosed with a mitochondria disease and watching them suffer. The disease is a result of mutated DHA located inside an egg which eventually becomes fertilized by sperm and becomes an embryo. Children that suffer mitochondria diseases can have a range of health problems that leave them sick, permanently disabled or even result in an early death.[1] Science is on the verge of being able to correct this problem using genetic research that allows a child to have two mothers and one father. A scientific research lab in England was able to remove the mitochondria DNA from one egg and replace it with DNA that was healthier. The researchers tried this with 10 different embryos that were left over from in vitro fertilization, and it was successful each time.The reason two women are involved in the procedure is a result of the child only receiving mitochondria DNA from the mother. This particular type of DNA is found within the egg, thus genetic diseases associated with mitochondria DNA are a result of certain genes of the mother’s being past down.[2] While this type of transplant does allow for genes from both women to be present in the child, the genes provided bv the transplant will not be seen. There are only 37 genes in mitochondria DNA, while the rest of the embiyo contains 23,000 genes. The latter number of genes is responsible for the way a person looks and how they act, while the 37 genes have no bearing on that.The 37 genes in the mitochondria DNA do serve a puipose however. They help to power and run each of the cells within a human’s body. Without them a human could not live, and this is why abnormalities in these genes cause diseases and disabilities to occur in infants and children. Cells failing to work within the body eventually lead to various organs failing within the body，such as the kidneys, liver, heart and more. This failure eventually leads to death.[3]The benefit of transplanting mitochondria DNA into an egg that will later become an actual human being is the fact that it essentially stops any hereditary diseases associated with the mitochondria from being passed on to future generations. When a woman with transplanted mitochondria chooses to have a child of her own, she will pass along the healthy DNA she was given rather than what her original birth mother would have passed on to her without the transplant. This cycle can continue on and scientists believe it may have the power to eventually rid the world of some diseases in the future.[4] Although the procedure is still in its infancy, scientists believe they could have it ready for actual use bv couples undergoing in vitro fertilization within the next five years. Doing so would ensure that parents have babies bom without birth defects or diseases that are a result of poor mitochondria DNA. Some of these include muscular dystrophy, mental retardation, diabetes, hearing loss and more. Substitution as performed by the researchers in England is the only method proven to work that allows women with mutated mitochondria DNA to bear children that do not have genetic diseases.Critics of the embryo procedure argue that ‘designer babies5 will be created if the procedure is made available to expecting parents. Strong religious advocates believe that an embryo should not be altered since God made it the way it is. They see the potential for human life that exists with the embryo even though the transplant occurs before conception with sperm happens, andmany are opposed to this since it shares similar qualities of cloning. There is also concern that the new procedure will alfect the family unit since this procedure makes it possible for two women to contribute tp the genetics of a child.While this is the first type of genetic research that has occurred with transplanting mitochondria DNA using human eggs, the procedure has been completed on mice and has proven successful. [5] It is now up to science to continue researching and developing the process to make it safe for parents that may need the transplant of mitochondria DNA in the future in order to produce a healthy and vibrant child whose life won’t be cut short bv a genetic defect.Also important is the public’s opinion of the research and the procedure, since this could dictate whether or not it actually ever becomes available to be used by medical professionals. Witii the addition of future research along with this public opinion, only time will tell if two moms are better than one.VI. Proofread the following passage and correct the errors. (20 points)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line; for a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “八” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line; for an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “.I”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.For the past two years, I have been studying cancer survivers t'at UCLA, tiying to find why it is that some people respond much 2. ___________better to their treatment than do others. At first I think that some 3. -.-.patients did well because their illnesses w ere not as se vere as theillnesses of others. At close scrutiny» however, I discovered that 4se vereness of t he illness was only one of a number of factors that 5. . accounted for the difference between those who get well and thosewho don’t. The patients I am talking about here received upon the 6.___________ diagnosis whatever therapy - medication, radiation, surgery - theirindividual cases demanded. Therefore the response to such treatment 7. —_________was hardly uniform. Some patients fared much better in their therapiesthan others.What was it, then, that was different? Were there any one thing 8.__________that all survivors had in common? Yes. I have found that the majorcharacteristics of these survivors were very similar. In the similarities 9.__________a re:•They all had a strong will to live.•They were not panicky about their illness.•They had confidence in their ability to persevere.•D espite of all the forecasts to the contrary, they believe they 10.__________ could make it.•They w ere convinced that their treatment would work.VII. Reading comprehension. (20 points)TEXT AIn grave discussions of “the renaissance of the irrationa]" in our time, superstition does not figure largely as a serious challenge to reason or science. Parapsychology, UFO's, miracle cures, transcendental meditation and all the paths to instant enlightenment are condemned, but superstition is merely deplored. It is because it has an unacknowledged hold on so many of us?Few people will admit to being superstitious; it implies naiveté or ignorance. But I live.in the middle of a large university, and I se e superstition in its four manifestations, alive and flourishing among people who are indisputably rational and learned.You did not know that superstition takes four forms? Theologicians assure us that it does. First is what they call Vain Observances, such as not walking under a ladder, and that kind of t hing. Yet I saw a deeply learned professor of anthropology, who had spilled so m e salt, throwing a pinch of it over his left shoulder; when I asked him why, he replied, with a wink, that it was K to hit the Devil in the eye.” I did not question him further about his belief in the Devil: but I noticed that he did not smile until I asked him what he was doing.Th e second form is Divination, or consulting oracles. Another learned professor I know, who would scorn to settle a problem by tossing a coin，told me quite seriously that h e had resoled a matter related to university affairs by consulting the I Ching. And why not? There are thousands of people on this continent who appeal to the I Ching, and their general level of education se em s to absolve them of superstition. Almost, but not quite. The I Ching, to the embarrassment of rationalists, often gives excellent advice.Th e third form is Idolatry, and universities can show plenty of that. If you have ever supervised a laige examination room，you know how many jujus, lucky coins and other bringers of luck are placed on the desks of t he candidates. Modest idolatry, but what els e can you call it?The fourth form is Improper Worship of the T rue God. A while ago, I learned that every day, for several days，a $2 bill (in Canada we have $2 bills, regarded by some people as unlucky) had been tucked under a candlestick on the altar of a college chapel. Investigation revealed that an engineering student, worried about a girl, thought that bribery of the Deity might help. When I talked with him, he did not think he was pricing God cheap, because he could afford no more. A reasonable argument, but perhaps God w as proud that week, for the scientific oracle went against him.Superstition seems to run, a submerged river of crude religion, below the surface of human consciousness. It has done so for as long as w e have any chronicle of human behaviour, and although I cannot prove it, I doubt if it is more prevaJent today than it has always been. Superstition, the theologicians tell us, comes from the Latin supersi st o^ meaning to stand in terror of th e. Deity. Most people keep their terror within bounds, but they cannot root it out, nor do they seem to want to do so.People who like disagreeable historical comparisons recall that when Rome was in decline, superstition proliferated widely, and that something of the same sort is happening in our w estern world today. They point to the popularity of astrology, and it is true that sober newspapers that would scorn to deal in love philters carry astrology columns and the fashion magazines count them among their most popular features. But when has astrology not been popular? No use saying science discredits it. When has the heart of man given a damn for science?Superstition in general is linked to man’s yearning to know his fate, and to have some hand in deciding it. When my mother was a child, she innocently joined her Rome Catholic friends inkilling spiders on July U，until she learned that this was done to ensure heavy rain the day following, the anniversary of the Battle of Boyne, when the Orangement would hold their parade. T know an Italian, a good scientist, who watched e very morning before leaving his house, so that the first person he met would not be a priest or a nun, as this would certainly bring bad lxipk,1. From the text we can infer the writer’s purpose is_______.A, to make a scientific study of superstition B. to show that superstitions are widespreadC. to defend superstitionD. to scorn those who are superstitious2. According to the text, which of the following statements is most likely to b e TRUE?A. People hold a milder attitude to parapsychology than to superstition.B. Superstition poses a serious challenge to reason and science,C. Whether one believes in superstition or not has something to do with his education.D. Superstition is not seriously condemned because too many people believe it.3. In Europe, when one sneezes, others will hasten to bless him. Which of the following four forms does this superstition take?A. Vain ObservanceB. DivinationC. IdolatryD. Improper Worship o f the True God4. Which of t he following superstitious practices belongs to Idolatry?A. T o believe that stepping on cracks in the sidewalk will bring ill fortuneB. T o tie a red thread around one's wrist and believe it would bring good luckC. T o offer sacrifice to GodD. T o avoid meeting priests and nuns on one’s way5. Which of the statements best accounts for the origin of superstition?A. People hope to know and decide their fates.B. People are superstitious because they are afraid of God.C. Superstition does help people solve problems.D. People believe it because all others believe it.6. From paragraph 8 we can infer that______.A. the Western world is more rational now due to the development of science a nd technologyB. in the Western world, superstition tends to proliferate in the form of astrologyC. astrology is popular as a result of scientific developmentD. sober newspapers do not carry astrology columns because they are more rationalTEXTSHow we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other times in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain maimer. If w e do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with eveiy situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course，does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way a s their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think w e are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates,early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors a s well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industiy by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter and the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do you hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of j eans and tiie t t untidyM look seem s to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sw eater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or in a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you'll se e that no one else does eitho-!7. The author thinks that people areA. satisfied with their appearance.B. concerned about appearance in old age.C. far from neglecting what is in fashion.D. reluctant to follow the trends in fashion8. Causes of fashions are_____.A. uniformB. varied C unknown D. inexplicable9. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes_______A. uniformity B, formality. C. informality D. individuality10. Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Care about appearance in formal situation.B. Fashion in formal and informal situations.C. Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D. Ignoring appearance in all situations.。