Chapter-3-HW
HW
ContentsAbstract----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Chapter One Literature Review-------------------------------------------------------- 61.1 Studies of TCM Translation at Home-----------------------------------------1.2 Studies of TCM Translation Abroad-----------------------------Chapter two Theoretical Basis: Intercultural Communication---------------2.1 The Meanings of Intercultural Communication---------------------------------2.2 Intercultural Communication and TCM Translation---------------------------- Chapter Three Development of English Translation of TCM Terms---------3.1 analysis of English Translation of TCM Terms------------2.2 Difficulties in English Translation of TCM Terms------------------------------2.3 Translation Principles and Techniques for TCM Terms------------------------ Chapter Four Domestication and Foreignization in TCM Translation--------4.1 Domestication and Foreignization-------------------------------------------------4.2Application of Foreignization and Domestication in TCM Translation------ Conclusion-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bibliography-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 Acknowledgement---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23AbstractChina has two thousand years of history. It has incomparable theoretical system and treatment, and side effects are also very small.Thus, the development of the English translation of traditional Chinese medicine will be put into the world of traditional Chinese medicine. Due to language barriers and huge differences between Chinese and Western medicine theory and concept, medical translation work has so many difficulties, especially the translation of Chinese medicine terminologies. They come from common vocabulary but are given medicine meanings. If we do not understand the real meaning of translation, they cannot be performed. Many scholars and translators are devoted to the translation of Chinese medicine terminology, but due to the different cultural background, the spread of Chinese medicine into the world is affected. In recent years, more and more scholars have realized the importance of translation theories and TCM translation practice of traditional Chinese medicine, but due to various reasons, translation of traditional Chinese medicine is still in lack of effective and reasonable translation theory and translation criteria.TCM terms are special vocabulary of Chinese culture, and are affected by Confucianism, Taoism and the Buddhist thought, so the domestication and foreignization theory for how to deal with the culture of Chinese medicine terminology composition plays an important role.Key words:intercultural communication, Domestication, foreignization, TCM translation摘要中医拥有两千多年的发展历史，有着无可比拟的理论体系和治疗方法，副作用也非常小，因此中医英译的发展将会把中医推向全世界。
GP_Siemens PLC的通讯手册
GP與 Siemens PLC 連線輔助說明手冊GP 與SIEMENS 連線輔助說明 0-1 選擇的PLC 型式 CP 521 SI SIEMENS S5 3964(R) Protocol 90 95U 100U CPU Direct Connection SIEMENS S5 90 – 115 series CP524 CP525 SIEMENS S5 3964(R) Protocol 115UCPU Direct ConnectionSIEMENS S5 90 – 115 series CP524 CP525 SIEMENS S5 3964(R) Protocol SIMATIC S5135U 155U CPU Direct ConnectionSIEMENS S5 90 – 115 seriesCPU212 CPU214 CPU Direct Connection SIEMENS S7-200 via PPISIMATIC S7-200 CPU214 CPU215 CPU216 CPU221 CPU222 CPU224 CPU226CPU Direct (via MPI Port)SIEMENS S7-200 via MPI參考Chapter 2CPU312 IFM CPU313 CPU314 CPU314 IFM CPU315 CPU315-2DP CPU316 CPU316-2DP CPU318-2 CPU Direct (via MPI Port)SIEMENS S7-300/400 via MPI參考Chapter 2SIMATIC S7-300CPU313 CPU314 CPU315 CPU315-2DPCP340 CP341SIEMENS S7 via 3964 / RK512選擇的PLC 型式CPU412-1 CPU412-2DP CPU413-1 CPU413-2DP CPU414-1 CPU414-2DP CPU Direct(via MPI Port)SIEMENSS7-300/400via MPI參考Chapter 2SIMATICS7-400CPU413-2DP CP441-2 SIEMENS S7via 3964 / RK512SIMATIC 505 545-1101 555-1101545-1102 555-1102545-1103 555-1103545-1104 555-1104545-1105 555-1105545-1106 555-1106LINK I/FCPU unitSIMATIC545/555 CPUS7-300 (ETHNET) CPU312 IFMCPU313CPU314CPU314IFMCPU315CPU315-2DPCPU316CPU316-2DPCPU318-2CP 343-1 ITCP 343-1S7-400 (ETHNET) CPU412-1CPU412-2DPCPU413-1CPU413-2DPCPU414-1CPU414-2DPCPU414-3DPCPU416-1CPU416-2DPCPU416-3DPCPU417-4CP 443-1 ITCP 443-1SIEMENSS7-300/400(ETHER)參考Chapter 40-2GP與 SIEMENS連線輔助說明GP 與SIEMENS 連線輔助說明 0-3 系列名 CPULink 模組 PRO/PBIII 選擇的PLC 型式 註解 S7-300(S7 315-2-DP) PROFIBUSS7-400(S7 413-2-DP)CPU Direct (via DP Port)PROFIBUS Profibus-DP參考Chapter 3GP 連接PROFUBUS 必須加裝PROFIBUS 卡,請參考下列表單:系列名產品名稱 UnitGP-470 Series GP-470E GP-570L GP-570S GP-570 SeriesGP-570TGP-675S GP70 SeriesGP-675 SeriesGP-675TGP-477R Series GP-477RE GP-577RS GP70 SeriesGP-570 SeriesGP-577RTProfibus-DP Module (GP070-PF11)GP 2000 Series全系列Profibus-DP Module (CA1-PFSALL-21)當GP與Siemens PLC連線時,GP在系統區及畫面資料上會設定PLC的內部暫存器,所以我們在Siemens 的軟體中宣告.步驟1:進入Siemens軟體,建立要用的CPU Station:選擇這按下滑鼠右鍵步驟2:選擇好CPU Station後,選擇Hardware/Open Object選擇這按下滑鼠右鍵步驟3:此時自動開啟HW Config的視窗,首先插入一個Rail選擇這個後滑鼠左鍵兩下步驟4:選擇你要CPU,插入CPU步驟5:選擇要插入的電源供應器,完成後儲存離開此視窗步驟8:插入新的Object/Data Block步驟9:建立一個DB1(使用預設值即可)步驟10:建立好後,DB1出現利用滑鼠點兩下選擇這用滑鼠左鍵點兩下步驟11:進入LAD/STL/FBD的視窗,建立使用者自行定義的NameName自行定義TYPE:以ARRAY(陣列)的方式步驟12:選擇ARRAY後,依照語法ARRAY[*..*](設定範圍),下方在宣告是以WORD的形式步驟13:完成DB1.DBW0~DB1.DBW19的宣告(GP預設系統區位址)40 Byte(20 Word)步驟14:以上是SIEMENS PLC的DB (內部記憶體)宣告的方法系列名 CPU Link模組PRO/PBIII選擇的PLC 型式SIMATIC S7-200 CPU214CPU215CPU216CPU221CPU222CPU224CPU226CPU Direct(via MPI Port)SIEMENSS7-200 via MPISIMATIC S7-300 CPU312 IFM CPU313 CPU314 CPU314 IFM CPU315 CPU315-2DP CPU316 CPU316-2DPCPU318-2 CPU Direct(via MPI Port)SIEMENSS7-300/400 via MPISIMATIC S7-400 CPU412-1CPU412-2DPCPU413-1CPU413-2DPCPU414-1CPU414-2DPCPU Direct(via MPI Port)SIEMENSS7-300/400 via MPI一.在GP-PRO/PB3 for Windows 選擇PLC型式,請參考下圖:二.環境設定:GP SetupPLC Unit SetupBaud Rate 187. 5KBaud Rate 187. 5K Data Length 8 bits Data Length 8 bits Stop Bit 1 bit Stop Bit1 bit(fixed)Parity Bit Odd Parity setting even/oddOddData flow Control ER(fixed)---------------- Communication Format (MPI via Adapter) RS-232C ----------------- Communication Format (MPI Direct Connection) RS-422 2-Wire type-----------------Highest Node No. 31Highest Address31Connection Method Via Adapter(fixed)-----------------參.MPI 多台連接架構圖:MAX. 4 unitsMAX. 3 units四.接線圖:1.(1:1_NAC485T)2.(1:n_NAC485T)Termination Resistance 220ΩShieldShieldGPGP(25P male)Max . 50mMax . 50mTermination Resistance 220Ω3.(N:1_NAC485T )ShieldGP GP Max . 50mTerminationResistance220Ω五.下列的機型有支援MPI 直接連接,可到187500bps:六.PLC軟體設定步驟1:請依照Chapter 1 如何開DB的方法,將要用的DB設定完成步驟2:進入Hardware的設定步驟3:HW Config選擇CPU進入CPU設定步驟4:進入CPU 的設定,選擇Properties步驟5:選擇MPI 內建,就有一個MPI(如果沒有請自行建立)進入Properties步驟6:Network Setting--設定Highest MPI address 及 Transmission rate七.人機介面(GP)的設定步驟1:選擇Siemens S7-300/400 via MPI,進入GP 設定步驟2:進入後在模式設定中,選擇 MPI Network步驟3:設定MPI Network 完成後,最後進入Data Block Configuration步驟4:進入Data Block Configuration,對應在PLC軟體所開的DB No.(最多為40個DB)步驟5:最後至通訊設定,將傳送速度設定為187500系列名 CPULink 模組 PRO/PBIII選擇的PLC 型式註解S7-300(S7 315-2-DP) PROFIBUSS7-400(S7 413-2-DP)CPU Direct (via DP Port)PROFIBUS Profibus-DP*注意選擇PLC 型式要選擇PROFIBUS(GP 要加裝卡)GP 連接PROFUBUS 必須加裝PROFIBUS 卡,請參考下列表單:系列名產品名稱 UnitGP-470 Series GP-470E GP-570L GP-570S GP-570 SeriesGP-570TGP-675S GP70 SeriesGP-675 SeriesGP-675TGP-477R Series GP-477RE GP-577RS GP70 SeriesGP-570 SeriesGP-577RTProfibus-DP Module (GP070-PF11)GP 2000 Series全系列Profibus-DP Module (CA1-PFSALL-21)一.在GP-PRO/PB3 for Windows 選擇PLC 型式,請參考下圖:二.環境設定:GP SettingData Transfer Speed 9.6K to 12M bps *1Data Transfer Method RS-485System Area Start Address DB2W0*2DB60W65514Station No. 0*2127*1通訊速度由PLC設定*2預設值參.PROFIBUS多台連接架構圖:最大可連接的台數請參考西門子PLC相關資料四.接線圖:PROFIBUS卡PLC UnitProtectiveGround五.PLC軟體設定步驟1:請依照Chapter 1 如何開DB的方法,將要用的DB設定完成步驟2:進入Hardware的設定步驟3:HW Config 選擇Options/Install New GSD步驟4:插入GPE12982.gsd 檔(此檔案請跟代理商或Pro-face 台灣公司索取)步驟5:Pro-face 27*/37*出現(如果沒有出現,請執行Options/Update Catalog)插入檔案後,將出現此檔案步驟6:點選DP,進入Properties 視窗,將DP 設定為DP master步驟7:選擇Add Master System進入Operating Mode步驟8:加入後,將出現PROFIBUS(1):DP master system,再利用滑鼠拖曳將 Pro-face 27*/37*此物件拖曳至PROFIBUS(1):DP master system 中.步驟9:加入物件成功後,將自動進入下圖設定.將此物件拖曳至PROFIBUS(1):DP master 中步驟10:進入Properties視窗,設定Transmission Rate;完成後下OK.步驟11:依照上圖按下OK後,Pro-face物件出現.Pro-face物件步驟12:點選DP,進入Properties 視窗,將DP 設定為DP master步驟13:加入Universal module 成功後,進入其設定:按滑鼠左鍵兩下步驟14:進入Universal module 設定視窗,依照下圖設定:步驟15:完成後,要去開OB1,FB99,DB99,DB2(此檔案請跟代理商或Pro-face 台灣 公司索取後,可將OB1,FB99,DB99,DB2複製到你的專案):步驟16:下圖為DB99的內容:步驟17:下圖為OB1的內容:七.人機介面(GP)的設定步驟1:選擇PROFIBUS-DP,進入GP 設定步驟2:進入後,在通訊設定/系統區起始位址,設定DB2W00000步驟3:進入後在通訊設定/通訊資料格式八.選擇Packet 支援的位址:Device Bit Address Word Address Note Data registerDB2W00000~DB60W65534 *1Input relay I000000~I655357 IW00000~IW65534 *2 Output relayO000000~O655357OW00000~OW65534*2 Internal memory M000000~M655357 MW00000~MW65534 *2*1.在GP 的系統區及畫面資料上用到的DB,必須PLC 軟體設定 否則GP 無法與DB 通訊(參考第一章)*2對應位址GP 定義 PLC 定義 I00007 I0.7一. 是利用GP的Ethernet與PLC的Ethernet模組連接,所以請再購買GP時特別注意機種的選擇(GP2X00系列為網路型;如是GP2X01系列需購買BOIS轉換介面卡及三合一卡;如果是GP77R系列請 再購買一個三合一卡)在GP-PRO/PB3 for Windows 選擇PLC型式,請參考下圖:CO. CPU Link模組在PRO/PBIII選擇的PLC 型式註解CPU312IFM CPU313 CPU314 CPU314IFM CPU315 CPU315-2DP CPU316-2DP CPU318-2 CP343-1 IT CP 343-1西門子CPU412-1CPU412-2DPCPU413-1CPU414-2DPCPU414-1CPU414-2DPCPU416-1CPU416-2DPCPU416-3DPCPU417-4CP443-1 ITCP443-1SIEMENS S7300/400(Ethernet)二.連線架構 1:1 連線 `N:1 連線S7-300 or S7-400 系列S7-300 Max. 16 台(32連接)S7-400 Max. 32 台(64連接)三. PLC軟體設定步驟1 : 規劃您的硬體設定檔,加入PLC網路模組步驟2 : 設定步驟3 : 進入新增按下後,進入Networked按下OK即可步驟4 :按下OK後,如下圖會出現一個Ethernet(1)步驟5 : 回到HW Config 視窗,進入網路規劃 NetPro步驟6 :進入網路規劃 NetPro,選擇Other Station, 加入一個新的Other Station(1)步驟7 : 點選Other Station後, 按滑鼠右鍵選擇Object Properties步驟8 : 進入Properties - Other Station, 選擇 New 選項步驟9 : 新增Industrial Ethernet選項步驟10 : 設定GP的IP位址步驟11 : 設定完成後,Other Station(1)會出現小綠色的方塊綠色方塊上按住滑鼠左鍵往上面的綠線拖曳步驟12 : 點選CPU模組後, 按滑鼠右鍵選擇Insert New Connection步驟13 : 選擇(Unspecified);下方的Connection Type : TCP connection步驟14 : 選擇Option /Fetch Passive步驟15 : 選擇Partner IP及Fetch Port No.步驟16 : 設定好TCP connection1/ Fetch Passive後,下方會出現步驟17 : 必須再插入一個TCP connection步驟18 : 選擇(Unspecified);下方的Connection Type : TCP connection步驟19 : 選擇Option Write Passive步驟20 : 選擇Partner IP及Write Port No.步驟21 : 最後完成後,會有兩個TCP connection四. GP的設定PLC Write Port No.。
采矿专业英语
采矿工程专业英语词汇手册(Glossary of Special English in Mining Engineering )采矿工程专业内部讲义二零零七年三月ContentChapter 3 .1 Mining method (2)Chapter 3.2 Mine preplanning (3)Chapter3.3 Mine development (4)Chapter 4.1 Wall mining introduction (5)Chapter 4.2 Ground control aspects ..... (6)Chapter 4.3 Roof support system (7)Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machine (8)Chapter 4.5 Convey system (8)Chapter 4.6 Mine Vetilation (10)Chapter 5 Pillaring system (11)Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support (12)Chapter 7 Novel methods of mining…………………………………………………..……..Chapter 3 .1 Mining method mining method 采矿方法; mining operation 采矿作业; transportation 运输; ventilation 通风; ground control 顶板管理; the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本; recovery 回采率; subside v. subsidence n.地表沉陷; subsidence control 地表沉陷控制cover 覆盖层; overburden 上覆地层; immediate roof 直接顶; floor 底板; dip (Pitch) 倾角; hardness 硬度; strength 强度; cleavage 解理; gas,methane 瓦斯daily operation 日常工作single operation 单一工序unit operation 单元作业auxiliary operation 辅助作业cutting n. 切割,掏槽; blasting n. 爆破loading n. 装煤haul v. 运输,搬运drainage n.排水power n. 动力power Supply 动力供应communication n. 通讯lighting n.照明. disruption in production 停产; reduction in production 减产; compromise 折衷room and pillar 房柱式by far 到目前为止in common with …和…一样underground mining 井工开采outcrop 露头,露出地面的岩层; crosscut 联络巷,石门; drift 平硐; entry 平巷; development stage 开拓阶段; production stage 生产阶段; face 工作面. continuous miner 连续采煤机; haulage capacity 运输能力; main entry 主巷. barrier pillar 隔离煤柱; butt entry 区段平巷; property line 矿井边界线. shearer 滚筒采煤机planer,Plow 刨煤机surface mining 露天开采auger mining 螺旋钻开采rapid excavation 快速掘进hydraulic mining 水力采矿underground gasification 地下气化ocean mining 海洋采矿Chapter 3 .2 Mine Preplanning Hercules【希,罗神】赫尔克里斯, 大力神--> Herculean, adj. 力气极大的; 需要大力气的.herculean effort 巨大的努力 1 inadequacy n.不足,缺乏. transportation facility 运输设备inflationary adj. 通货膨胀的,通货膨胀引起的<--inflation n.胀大, 通货膨胀, (物价) 暴涨<--inflate v 膨胀,充气. inflationary process 通货膨胀过程drive up 抬高, 提高drive into 掘进到…be faced with 面临monumental adj. [用以加强语气]非常的, 极端的<--monument n.纪念碑coal reserve 煤炭储量electromechanical adj. 机电的electro(电子的)+mechanical(机械的) electromechanical mine operation 矿井机电作业staff v.雇用,聘用season v 适用,适应coordinate n. 坐标.v. (使)互相配合, (使)协调, 调整. a multitude(n. 多数,多量) of 大量capital investment 基本建设投资. foremost 最主要的,最重要的, 1Billion = 1,000,000,000 即10 亿. Mt metric ton 公吨. 453.5Mt = 500 million tons 0.907Mt = 1 million ton put into operation 投产,投入使用raise 筹集the life of the property 矿产/井的使用年限. commercial value 市场价值,商业价值. for convenience 为了方便其见minability 可采性marketability 适销性,可销性coal reserve 煤矿nominal,名义上的,极小的. option 买卖选择权,优先购买权enter upon 开始preliminary examination 初步调查operating mine 生产矿井to the extent that 达到这种程度以致... ; 就...来说;在...方面来说; 2 adjacent to 邻近的surface topography 地面地形,表面地形coalfield 煤田measure 层组coal-bearing measure 含煤地层feature 特征;地貌. structural feature 构造特征surface improvement 地面上的改造tilled area 耕地reservoir 水库power line 电力线,输电线reservation n.保留地;自然保护区on record n.留有记录的,记录在案的preferred 优先〔选用〕的,首选的traverse 导线. traverse with compass 罗盘定位. system surveying 系统测量sampling 采样have a bearing on 对…有影响,与...有关available 有效的,可用的pricing schedule 定价方案preparation treatment 洗选加工selective adj.有选择性的,选择的a master plan of operation 总体生产计划. serve as 用作,作为,起到…作用. basis 基础,根据,依据since 引导原因状语从句justify 调整,证明,证明…是正确的, prospecting 勘探drilling pattern 钻孔布置,钻孔图式basic map 底图,基本地图log sheet 钻孔柱状图tabular adj. <==table tabular record 表格记录operating management 经营管理部门,经营管理life expectancy 预期使用年限,使用寿命delivery of supplies 材料供应estimate of the cost 成本估计sales department 销售部门Chapter 3.3 Mine development portal 井筒expected life of the mine 矿井的设计使用年限rail haulage 轨道运输as well as 即…又…be of +n. 具有…(性质) drift 平硐shaft 立井,竖井slope 斜井main shaft 主立井auxiliary shaft 副立井air shaft 风井transfer house 中转煤仓headframe 井架hoist house 提升机房,绞车房skip 箕斗cage 罐笼car dump 卸煤设备storage bin 井底煤仓deplete 耗尽,衰竭whether…or…是…还是…pressure drop 压降net effect 净效应,有效效应,实际结果capital cost 基建费用Chapter 4.1 Walling system introduction working face 工作面coalface:采煤工作面interconnection:切眼3 panel entry:区段平巷gate entry:工作面顺槽head gate:区段皮带巷,运输巷tail gate:区段轨道巷,回风巷headentry:工作面运输巷(下顺槽) tailentry:工作面回风巷(上顺槽) bleeder entry:区段回风巷cross-cut:联络巷gob, goaf:采空区end:端头Longwall mining 长壁采矿法Shortwall mining 短壁采矿法pillar system. 柱式系统longwall mining on strike 走向长壁采煤方法mining in advance / wall advancing mining 前进式采煤方法mining in retreat / wall retreating mining 后退式采煤方法inclined longwall mining 倾斜长壁开采underhand mining 俯采overhand mining 仰采Coal mining machine, coal-getting machine 采煤机; Shearer,滚筒采煤机Plow,planer 刨煤机Face conveyor 工作面运输机Pan line,"溜子" Chain conveyor 链式运输机Scraper chain conveyor 刮板输送机Armored chain conveyor 铠装运输机Roof support system:顶板支护系统Friction props:摩擦支柱Friction metal props:摩擦支柱Hydraulic prop:液压支柱Single/Individual hydraulic prop 单体液压支柱Hydraulic powered self-advanced support: 液压自移式支架roof support 顶板支架stage loader:转载机panel belt conveyor 区段皮带运输机electrical control 电力控制装置/设备hydraulic pump 液压泵站blast mining technology 爆破采煤工艺conventionally mechanized mining technology 普通机械化采煤fully mechanized mining technology 综合机械化采煤fully mechanized mining with sublevel caving technology 综采放顶煤方法Chapter 4.2 Ground control 工作面周围地层: Overlying strata 上覆地层: Main roof 老顶,基本顶 4 Immediate roof 直接顶Gob 采空区--Face—rib(煤壁) Floor 底板Underlying strata 下伏地层Ground control 顶板处理方式: (1)Caving;(2)Pack. Stable 切口,机窝dead work 准备工作,非生产性工作. Mobile belt conveyor 可移式胶带运输机No exception 无一例外regular maintenance n.日常修理,定期检修Downtime 停工期(由于损坏, 修理等原因造成的停机时间),停工时间,停机时间Clearance 空隙Immediate area of the face:工作面的直接区域Rib line 煤壁线,腰线heading 掘进头,平巷up to dip 沿倾斜上行Compression strength 压缩强度Underlying strata 下伏地层bed separation 离层On strike 沿走向Rad = radian,弧度Cleat 解理Hold true 有效,适用Half butt cutting 半垂直切割Angle of attack 冲角virgin conditions 原始条件; Harder roof strata Softer coal seam――uniformly distributed stress,the overburden weight Harder floor strata induced by mining 采动引起的Stress distribution 应力分布Deflect 偏斜,偏转,挠曲,下垂Cave in 冒顶,垮落Front abutment pressure 前方支承压力Side abutment pressure 侧向支承压力Rear abutment pressure 后方支承压力前方支承压力: 分布范围: 150m first felt/occur 出现,有反应,有感应; 45-60m pick up slightly 略有增长,略有加速; 15-21m increase rapidly 迅速增长; 1.5-5m 支承压力峰值peak abutment pressure magnitude of the peak abutment pressure 峰值大小:1.5-5 overburdern weight 后方压力:vertical pressure face area:far below the cover load gob area:gradually increase at last:the cover load 范围:0.3-0.4 the overburden thickness. No abutment pressure Side abutment First felt:At the same time as the front abutment pressure 范围:from the rib to 1/3 or 1/4 h largest at the ribside, decrease exponentially with distance from rib position of peak pressure:0.015h Magnitude depend on the thickness and length of the immediate roof hanging in the gob. Gob area 采空区稳定-- slip, sag, separate-- cave in Face area 工作面区Support the immediate roof Solid coal 实体煤5 Chapter 4 .3 Roof support system Face-to-gob distance 控顶距,工作面到采空区的距离. Yield pressure 屈服压力support resistance 支架阻力Face-to-tip distance 端面距Precut 预切割Frames 节式支架Stroke 行程Chock support 垛式支架Double-acting ram 双作用千斤顶Web cut 截深Shields 掩护式支架Double link 双键Lemniscate 双纽线,四联杆Roof canopy 顶梁Chock-Shield 支撑掩护式支架leg,prop 立柱canopy 顶梁forward canopy 前梁rear canopy 尾梁caving shield 掩护梁flipper,spauling shield 护帮板slider, jack board 插板ram ,cylinder,jack 千斤顶hose 油管emulsion 乳化液valve 阀support yielding 支架卸载Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machine miner,mining machine 采煤机continuous miner 连续采煤机shearer 滚筒采煤机motor 电动机,马达electric motor 电机haulage gearcase 牵引部gearhead 传动部cutter drum gearcase 滚筒截割部bedplate 底盘,底座control unit 控制装置chain 链条reducing gear box 减速箱pillboard 挡煤板cowl 挡煤板bit 截齿drum 滚筒ranging-arm 摇臂gear 齿轮track 轨道gear track 齿轨gearcase n.齿轮箱Rotor 转子Chapter 4.5 Conveying system 6 flexible flight conveyor / face chain conveyor 工作面可弯曲刮板输送机main components 主要部件drive head 机头部electric motor 电动机Hydraulic coupling 液力联轴器speed reducer 减速器chain wheel / sprocket 链轮drive head frame 机头架middle sections 中间部line pan 溜槽flight / scraper 刮板link chain 刮板链endless chain 无极链机尾部tail end 机尾架Drive end frame 链轮sprocket 附属装置auxiliary drives/units 挡煤板spillboard / spill plate (cowl 罩, 外壳) 铲煤板ramp plate 千斤顶jack chain drive 链式传动: classification according to chain arrangement 双边链double strand outboard chain 三链triple strand chain 单中链single middle chain 双中链double middle chain 新型刮板输送机侧卸式side-loading fight conveyor 垂直转弯式roller-curve fight conveyor 转载机Transfer conveyor A short heavy flexible flight conveyor 桥式转载机(bridge ) stage loader 区段皮带输送机Main components 皮带belt 托辊roller 支撑托辊supporting roller 机架frame 7 传动装置drive unit 电动机electric motor 联轴器coupling 减速器speed reducer 滚筒drum ①卸载滚筒unloaded drum ②机尾导向滚筒tail guide drum ③拉紧滚筒take-up drum ④机尾导向滚筒guide drum 拉紧装置take-up units 制动装置Braking devices 采区运输系统: 上山rise 下山dip Dip angle ≤15°belt conveyor 15°<Dip angle≤25°chain conveyor Dip angle>25°ceramic conveyor 水平运输系统水平运输大巷horizontal haulage entry belt conveyor 矿车trolley wagons 机车locomotive 电力机车trolley locomotive 蓄电池机车battery locomotive 矿车wagon 固定箱式矿车Fixed box wagon Tipping bucket wagon Front unloading wagon 底卸式矿车Bottom-dump wagon 立井提升系统矿井提升系统Mine hoist system 提升机Engine hoist 钢丝绳wire rope 天轮head sheave(n.滑轮) 箕斗skip 辅助运输auxiliary transportation Transportation of material, equipment, waste and personnel 材料,设备,矸石, 人员副井Auxiliary shaft Similar to main shaft 罐笼Cage――hoist container 斜井Slope In the slope, material and equipment are usually transported by direct rope hoist and endless rope hoist. While the waste is transported by skip and train according to the dip angle. The personnel are transported by a special man-car in the slope. 水平运输大巷horizontal haulage entry Electric locomotive haul the wagons to transport material, equipment, waste. Electric locomotive haul the special man-cars to transport miners. 采区上下山district rise and dip 1)有极绳提升Direct rope hoist dip angle:8-22 钢丝绳的一端与矿车相连,通过绞车(winch)放出和收回. 2)无极绳提升Endless rope hoist dip angle:≤10 区段运输Tail entry:wagons + wire rope Overhead monorail 单轨吊Overhead endless rope hoist Transfer conveyor 转载运输机Stage loader 桥式转载机Roller curve conveyor 滚轴转弯运输机Chapter 4.6 Ventilation system 风机:Ventilation fan 回风井:Return shaft 进风井:Intake shaft Working face Intake working 回风巷道:Return roadway 新鲜风:Fresh air Air flow 乏风:Dirty air 回风系统: 抽出式通风:Exhaust ventilation 负压negative pressure 压入式通风:Forced ventilation 正压Positive pressure 风机类型: 离心式风机:Centrifugal fan; 轴流式风机:Axial flow fan. 通风设施:Ventilating structures 风墙:V entilation wall 8 风门:Air door 风桥:Air bridge Air regulator 防尘,灭尘:Dust suppression water spray 洒水,mist spray 喷雾固定滚筒双向截割采煤机fixed-drum bi-directional shearer 单滚筒可调高采煤机single-drum ranging-arm shearer 双滚筒可调高采煤机double-dram ranging-arm shearer 矿井瓦斯:mine gas 瓦斯:gas,methane,firedamp All hazardous gases in underground coal mines, its major component is CH4. Colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous, Combustible. Its density is less than that of the air, so it often accumulates near the roof. Gassy mine 高瓦斯矿井Gas/methane control 瓦斯控制Chapter 5 Pillar system Two distinct phases of operation: First rooms and pillars are developed in a section. The second is mining pillars. Two basic mining methods: Conventional mining method.普通采煤方法Cutting 掏槽at the bottom of the coal seam a horizontal slot is 6-9 inch, 5-7feet deep Drilling 钻眼the optimum number and location of boreholes coal fragments after blasting neither too big nor too small for efficient loading. Blasting 爆破explosives are loaded into each borehole and detonated n.起爆Loading 装煤shuttle car section belt conveyor. Two shuttle cars are used. roof bolting 顶板锚杆支护为了充分发挥设备和人员的能力, 至少同时掘进5 个平行的巷道. 由于生产环节多,分散,逐渐被连续采煤方法取代. Continuous mining method.连续采煤方法I continuous miner + shuttle car 连续采煤机+梭车工艺+ section belt conveyor + roof bolting 间断运输工艺II continuous miner + (intermediate) conveyors 连续采煤机+输送机工艺+ section belt conveyor + roof bolting 连续的运输工艺Pillar recovery 回收煤柱There are three methods of extracting 9 pillars, open-end method, pocket and wing method and splitting method. open-end method 开端式pocket and wing method 袋翼式splitting 劈柱式pillar blocks lifts/slices 煤柱――块――切块Coal property 煤矿Area 盘区Set of entries 巷道群Engineer vt.设计Slough 脱落,剥落,碎落;崩落,坍塌, 滑坍Crush 压碎A function of 是…的函数,随…而变. Relative strength 相对强度Clearance 净空Block of coal Room work Cutting consequence 切割顺序Face mining cycle 工作面开采循环Mining practice 开采Colloquial [ kE5lEukwiEl ] adj.口语的, 通俗的Dictate 规定,制定Outline 形成…轮廓Incorporate …as …Ample 充足的,丰富的solid work chain pillar 巷道煤柱lessen 减少,减轻lift 小煤块, slice 切块physical condition n.实际条件post 柱子,支柱stump 煤柱slab 平板fender 煤柱,窄煤柱hand loading 人工装载common practice 惯例concurrently n.同时发生地,并行地in place 就地,原地;在地层内ride over 骑马来,跨在…上masonry n.砖石工程,砖石建筑砌筑. Masonry stopping 砌筑风墙Canvas stopping 帆布风帘Line Brattice 纵向风障Loading station 装车点Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support 1 Roadway section 巷道断面掘进drive, tunnel, excavate 平巷掘进Drifting 巷道掘进roadway excavation 平巷掘进n. drifting 沉井,凿井n. sinking 上山掘进n. raising 下山掘进n. 1)The shape of roadway section 断面形状巷道断面形状主要取决于地层条件,服务年限和支护材料. The shape of roadway section depends mainly on strata conditions,the serving life and supporting materials. 井筒Shaft , circular 大巷Main entry , arched, horseshoe 上山rise, ladder-shaped, trapezoidal 顺槽Gateway , ladder-shaped, trapezoidal 2)The size of roadway section 断面尺寸巷道断面尺寸主要取决于巷道的用途. The size of roadway section depends mainly on its use. 它取决于运输或提升设备或其它设备的尺寸, 还要根据通风要求对巷道断面尺寸加以修改. It is dependent on haulage or hoisting equipment or other devices used,and it is modified according to the ventilation requirement. 净宽,net width;净高net height;净断面面积net section area. 2 Roadway excavation in rocks 岩巷掘进炮掘,爆破掘进:blasting excavation 装岩,除渣:mucking 掘进工艺包括主要作业和辅助作业,其中主要作业包括破岩,装岩,运输,支护,辅助10 作业包括通风,铺设轨道,挖掘排水沟,铺设管线等等. The excavation technique consists of main operations including breaking, loading, haulage and support, and auxiliary work including ventilation, laying the track, digging ditches and laying pipes etc. 1)Breaking 破岩打眼放炮是目前应用最广泛的破岩方法. Drilling and blasting is the most widely used method of rock breaking at present. (1)drilling Drill n. 钻机气动轻型钻机,风钻Air-jackleg 气腿式钻机Air-jack leg drill 架式钻机Drifter 钻车,凿岩台车Jumbo, drill carriage 湿式钻进Wet drilling 干式钻进Dry drilling 钻孔borehole (2)Blasting 爆破炸药:Explosive 装药:Load explosive in the borehole, charge 起爆:detonate 雷管:detonator;电雷管:electric detonator 炮眼布置方式:drilling pattern 掏槽眼:cut hole 辅助眼:auxiliary hole 周边眼:trim hole 顶眼:roof hole 帮眼:flank hole 底眼:Bottom hole 起爆顺序:firing sequence Cut auxiliary roof & flank bottom The type of explosive used, rock properties, and method of loading and sequence of firing the holes, affect hole depth, diameter, alignment and spacing. 采用的炸药的类型,岩石的特性,装岩方法,各个钻孔的起爆顺序,这些都影响着钻孔深度,直径,排列和间距的确定. A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes. 一个爆破炮眼组包括掏槽眼,辅助眼,压眼和边界眼. 2)Excavation face ventilation 掘进面通风Fan 风机Air pipe 风筒3)loading and haulage 装岩和运输铲斗装岩机Shovel mucker 11 耙斗装岩机Scraper mucker 机车+矿车Locomotive + wagons 4)support 支护 3 Roadway excavation in coals 煤巷掘进1)conventional excavation of coal drift 传统的煤层平巷掘进法Breaking is by means of drilling and blasting. 手持式电钻:handheld electric drill loading: hand loading 人工装煤scraper mucker:耙斗装煤机coal loader:装煤机扒抓,蟹抓 2 gathering-arms 刮板输送机:1 scraper conveyor 2)综掘fully mechanized excavation (1)gateway machine 平巷掘进机组成: 掘进头, (boom) cutterhead,cutting head 装煤装置:loading mechanism 扒抓,蟹抓gathering-arm 刮板输送机:scraper conveyor haulage: 皮带输送机:belt stage-loader mechanism 履带行走装置:crawler travel mechanism 支撑千斤顶:supporting cylinders,用来固定机器other cylinders,control cutterhead 液控箱hydraulic control box 操作: 操作时,首先驱动履带行走装置,使得切削头碰到煤壁; 然后,伸长导向千斤顶和后部千斤顶,支撑到巷道上; 这样就固定住了掘进机. 然后,切割头在掘进面底部的一侧钻入煤壁. 操作水平摆动千斤顶, 使切割头割到底部的另外一侧, 这就在掘进面底部完成了一刀作业. 操作升降千斤顶,使切割头向上割一定距离(切割头的直径) ,然后用相同的方法再割第二刀. 执行这个循环作业,直到割完整个断面. 平巷掘进机可以掘出任何形状和尺寸的断面,如圆形,马蹄形,拱形和长方形. Gateway machine can excavate any size and shape of cross section: circular, horseshoe, arched and rectangular. 12 (2)continuous miner 连续采煤机roof bolter 锚杆安装机,锚杆机. The roof bolter is a rubber-tired vehicle used to drill and insert bolts into the roof to support it. 锚杆机是一个用来打锚杆眼安装锚杆来支护顶板的机器,它是用胶轮行走的. 4 Roadway supporting 巷道支护永久性支护:permanent support 临时性支柱:temporary support 刚性支护:rigid support 柔性支护:yieldable support 主动支护:active support 被动支护:negetive support 类型: (1)木支架:timber support 梯形巷道:basic form:1 beam + 2 posts 基本形式:一梁二柱(2)钢支架:steel rib support 梯形巷道:1 beam + 2 posts, 工字钢:I-steel 拱形巷道:U-steel arch yieldable support U 形刚拱形可缩型支架(3)块石或混凝土砌碹:stone or concrete lining 直墙拱形:straight-sided arch (4)锚杆支护bolting support Enhance the self-supporting capability of surrounding rock. 提高了围岩的自承能力. 喷射混凝土:shotcreting 锚喷:bolting and shotcreting 锚网:bolting and metal mesh 锚索:anchored cable 锚注:bolting and injecting The length of time the rock safely can be left unsupported will greatly effect the overall drifting-operation cycle. 岩石开挖后无支护而且安全的时间长度, 即拱桥作用的时间, 对于整个平巷掘进工艺循环有着很大的影响. In some cases, no support is needed. In others, close support, or support ahead of the last set, is required. 在一些情况下,不需要进行巷道支护. 其它的情况,需要及时支护,或者超前最后一个支架进行支护. 13 超前支护:Advancing support 导管:Pipe spillingChapter 7 Novel mining methods Novel mining methods 新型采矿方法掘进drive, tunnel, excavate 巷道掘进roadway excavation 平巷掘进n. drifting 沉井,凿井n. sinking 上山掘进n. raising Term vt 称为;把…叫做Warrant n.许可证,保证,理由,执照; vt. 向...保证,批准, 使有正当理由Curiosity n.奇特性,好奇心,珍品Auger mining 螺旋钻开采法Leaching 溶浸法;leach vt. 过滤borehole mining 钻井采矿法oblivion n.遗忘, 湮没on the verge of 接近于, 濒临于technology transfer 技术推广,技术转让R&D 研发,研究和开发Stoping,回采,采矿法Sublevel,分段Commodity n.矿种,矿产Viability [ 7vaiE5biliti ] n.生存能力, 发育能力Tie to 依靠,依赖synthetic fuel 人造燃料,合成燃料cartel 企业联合,卡特尔intriguing adj.迷人的, 有迷惑力的unconsolidated 未固结的, 非胶结的, 疏松的extraterrestrial adj. 地球外的untried 未试过的Nonetheless adv.虽然如此, 但是Deterrent [ di`tE:rEnt ] n.阻碍,威胁力量Roadheader 巷道掘进机Mole 隧道全断面掘进机TBM 隧道掘进机SBM 井筒掘进机Coin v.创造,杜撰(新词) Overbreak,overexcavate 超挖欠挖alignment n.定线,准线,校正,定位pilot hole 导向钻孔,导洞in terms of 根据,在…方面14。
化学键和分子结构(习题及答案)
1
General Chemistry
Chapter 3 Homework
5．下列分子中含有极性键的非极性分子是（ A ） A．BeCl2 A．O2B．H2S B．S2C．F2 C．FD．HBr 6．下列物种中，变形性最大的是（ B ）。 D．Cl7. 下列物质中只需克服色散力即沸腾的是（ D ） A．HCl B．Cu C．CH2Cl2 D．CS2
9
8. 下列化合物中存在氢键的是（ C ）
A．HCl B．C2H5OC2H5 C．HNO3 D．CH3F
形成氢键要具备两个条件： ① 分子中必须有电负性较大而半径较小的元素（X＝F、O、 N），并与H形成共价键； ② 分子中还必须有另外一个电负性大而半径小，有孤对电子的 原子（Y＝F、O、N） 。
2
General Chemistry
2012-8-2
ionic bond theory
11
General Chemistry
Chapter 3 Molecular Structure
影响离子变形性的因素： ① 离子的半径。半径越大，变Байду номын сангаас性越大。 如：I-＞Br- ＞Cl- ＞F② 离子的电荷。负离子电荷越高，变形性越大，正离子电 荷越高，变形性越小。
如： O2- ＞ F- ＞Na+ ＞ Mg2+ ＞ Al3+ ＞Si4+
③ 离子的电子构型。 18电子构型、 9~17电子构型＞8电子构型 ④ 复杂离子的变形性通常不大，且复杂离子中心原子氧 化数越高，变形性越小。 如： I-＞Br- ＞OH- ＞ NO3- ＞F- ＞ClO49
2012-8-2
三岵Siemens SIRUS 3RW30 31软启动器说明书
Siemens LV 1 · 20066■OverviewVarious versions of the SIRUS 3RW30/31 soft starters are available:•Standard version for fixed frequency three-phase motors, sizes S00, S0, S2 and S3•Version for fixed-speed three-phase motors in a 22.5mm enclosure•Special-purpose version 3RW31 for Dahlander motors only in size S0•Version for soft starting single-phase motors of sizes S0, S2 and S3.SIRIUS 3RW30/31 for three-phase motorsSoft starters rated up to 55kW (at 400V) for standard applica-tions in three-phase networks. Extremely small sizes, low power losses and simple commissioning are just a few of the many ad-vantages of this soft starter. The special feature of the 3RW31 series is that it allows independent definition of two separate acceleration ramps (Dahlander motors).SIRIUS 3RW30 for single-phase motorsThe additional version for standard applications in single-phase networks. Its voltage edge function reduces the motor's inrush current and effectively lowers the torque at the point of starting up. The load and the supplying network are thus protected.■ApplicationThe SIRIUS 3RW30/31 solid-state soft starters are suitable for soft starting and stopping of three-phase asynchronous ma-chines.Due to two-phase control, the current is kept at minimum values in all three phases throughout the entire starting time. Due to continuous voltage influencing, current and torque peaks, which are unavoidable in the case of wye-delta starters, for instance, do not occur.Application areas •Fans •Pumps•Building/construction machines •Presses •Escalators•Transport systems•Air conditioning systems •Ventilators•Assembly lines•Compressors and coolers •Operating mechanisms6■Selection and ordering dataSelection of the soft starter depends on the motor’s ratedcurrent.3RW30 03-2CB543RW30 25-1AB14*You can order this quantity or a multiple thereof.6/6Siemens LV 1 · 2006Siemens LV 1 · 200661)Rated control supply voltage U s 110 ... 230 V AC/DC.Selection of the soft starter depends on the motor’s rated current.The SIRIUS 3RW3 solid-state soft starters are designed for easy starting conditions. J Load < 10 x J Motor . In the event of deviating conditions or increased switching frequency, it may be neces-sary to choose a larger device. Siemens recommends the use of the selection and simulation program Win-Soft Starter.See LV 1 T for information about rated currents for ambient temperatures >40 °C.Ambient temperature 40 °C Ambient temperature 50 °CSize DT Order No.Price per PUPU (UNIT, SET, M)PS*PG Weightper PU approx.Rated opera-tional current I e Rated output of three-phase induction motors for rated operational voltage U e Rated opera-tional currentI e Rated output of three-phase induction motors for rated operational voltage U e115 V 230 V 400 V 500 V 115 V 200 V 230 V 460 V 575 V AkWkWkWkWAhphphphphpkg12.5--3 5.5--11--337.5--S0 B 3RW31 24-1CB141 1 unit 1310.46816--47.5--14--3310--S0 B 3RW31 25-1CB141 1 unit 1310.47525-- 5.511--21--5515--S0B3RW31 26-1CB141 1 unit 1310.46412.5------7.511------7.510S0 B 3RW31 24-1CB151 1 unit 1310.46716------1114------1010S0 B 3RW31 25-1CB151 1 unit 1310.47625------1521------1520S0B3RW31 26-1CB151 1 unit 1310.47525 2.24----21 1.533----S0 A 3RW30 26-1AA121 1 unit 1310.439383 5.5----32255----S2 B 3RW30 35-1AA121 1 unit 1310.689755.511----6451010----S3B3RW30 45-1AA121 1 unit 1311.393*You can order this quantity or a multiple thereof.6Accessories1)With internal soft starter power supply.Forsoft startersSize Version DT Order No.Priceper PUPU(UNIT,SET, M)PS*PG Weightper PUapprox.Type kg3RW39 26-8A3RW39 36-8A3RW3 . 2.S0To increase switching frequencyand for device mounting in posi-tions different from the normal posi-tion.The fan is snapped into the enclo-sure from below.During operation, (control signalinput "IN" at potential A1), the fan isrunning. After a stop, the fan contin-ues to run for about another 60 min-utes.}3RW39 26-8A1 1 unit1310.008 3RW30 3.and3RW30 4.S2S3}3RW39 36-8A1 1 unit1310.030CoversTerminal covers for box terminals3RT19 36-4EA23RW30 3.S2Additional touch protection to befitted at the box terminals(2 units required per device)}3RT19 36-4EA21 1 unit1010.016 3RW30 4.S3}3RT19 46-4EA21 1 unit1010.023Terminal covers for cable lugs and bar connections3RT19 46-4EA13RW30 4.S3For complying with the phaseclearances and as touch protec-tion if box terminal is removed(2 units required per contactor)}3RT19 46-4EA11 1 unit1010.037Version FunctionalityFunctionsUse DT Order No.Priceper PUPU(UNIT,SET, M)PS*PG Weightper PUapprox.kg Sealable caps Forsecuringagainstunauthorized adjust-ment of setting knobsFor deviceswith 1 or2 COcontacts}3RP1 9021 5 units1010.004Push-in lugsfor screw mountingFor deviceswith 1 or2 COcontacts}3RP1 903110 units1010.002*You can order this quantity or a multiple thereof.6/8Siemens LV 1 · 20066/9Siemens LV 1 · 20066Note:The covers and connection modules listed here are also used for load feeders (3RV motor starter protector + 3RT contactor). For further technical specifications see Controls –> Contactors and Contactor Assemblies.For fuseless load feeders with size S00 soft starter, the link module has an integrated conductor routing.1)Computer labeling system for individual labeling of device labeling platesavailable from:murrplastik Systemtechnik GmbHFor soft starters Size Version DT Order No.Price per PUPU (UNIT, SET, M)PS*PGWeight per PU approx.Typekg3RA19 11-1A3RA19 21-1A3RA19 31-1AElectrical and mechanical linkbetween motor starter protector and soft starter.Single unit packaging 3RW30 1..S00 }3RA19 11-1AA001 1 unit 1010.0273RW30 2..S0 }3RA19 21-1AA001 1 unit 1010.0373RW30 3..S2 }3RA19 31-1AA001 1 unit 1010.0423RW30 4..S3 }3RA19 41-1AA001 1 unit 1010.090Multi-packs 3RW30 1..S00 }3RA19 11-1A 110 units 1010.0193RW30 2..S0 }3RA19 21-1A 110 units 1010.0283RW30 3..S2 }3RA19 31-1A 1 5 units 1010.0333RW30 4..S3}3RA19 41-1A15 units1010.072*You can order this quantity or a multiple thereof.6/10Siemens LV 1 · 200661)Without connectors for data and auxiliary power (yellow and black).2)With one connector each for data and auxiliary power (yellow and red).For busbar accessories, see SIVACON Switchgear,Distribution Systems and Cabinets –> 8US Busbar Systems.For soft starters Version DT Order No.Price per PUPU (UNIT, SET, M)PS*PGWeight per PU approx.Typekg3RK14 00-1KG01-0AA13RK14 00-1MG01-0AA1AS-Interface load feeder modulesFor standard rail mounting sizes S00 and S0. For mounting onto 40 mm or 60 mm busbar systems and SIRIUS stan-dard mounting rail adapters the matching support is required (see 3RK1 901-3GA00); the AS-Interface connectors for the data and auxiliary power cable (yellow and black) must be ordered separately (see 3RK1 901-0.A00)Rated opera-tional voltage U e2 inputs / 1 output 24 V DC 1)}3RK1 400-1KG01-0AA11 1 unit 1210.0974 inputs / 2 outputs A 3RK1 400-1MG01-0AA11 1 unit 1210.1002 inputs / 1 relay output 120/230 V AC 2)C3RK1 402-3KG02-0AA11 1 unit 1210.1243 inputs / 2 relay outputsB3RK1 402-3LG02-0AA111 unit 1210.143Manuals for AS-Interface load feeder modules German, English }3RK1 701-2GB00-0AA01 1 unit 1920.197French, ItalianA 3RK1 701-2HB00-0AA01 1 unit 1920.196Supports for AS-Interface load feeder modulesWidthFor mounting onto 3RA19 22-1A SIRIUS standard mounting rail adapter45 mmB3RK1 901-3GA0011 unit 1210.048Support with mounted power connector couplingPower connector sets 5-pole, 2.5 mm 2(1 package = 5 connec-tors and 5 couplings)C 3RK1 901-0EA001 5 sets 1210.1113RK19 01-0NA003RK19 01-0PA00AS-Interface connectors for data and auxiliary supply cablesColorWith insulation displace-ment terminals for 2 x (0.5 to 0.75 mm 2) flexible leadYellow C 3RK1 901-0NA001 5 units 1210.015BlackC3RK1 901-0PA001 5 units 1210.0153RA19 223RW30 1.Standard mounting railadapter for mechanical mounting of motor starter protector and contactor; can be snapped onto standard mounting rail or for screw mounting, suit-able for size S00}3RA19 22-1A1 5 units 1010.095Surge suppressors3TX7 462-3.RC elementsRated opera-tional voltage U eFor lateral snapping onto auxiliary switch or 35 mm standard mounting rail127 ... 240 V AC A 3TX7 462-3T 1 1 unit 1010.081*You can order this quantity or a multiple thereof.6/11Siemens LV 1 · 20066■More informationConfigurationThe 3RW solid-state motor controllers are designed for easy starting conditions. In the event of deviating conditions or in-creased switching frequency, it may be necessary to choose a larger device. For accurate dimensioning, use the Win-Soft Starter selection and simulation program.If necessary, an overload relay for heavy-starting must be se-lected where long starting times are involved. PTC sensors are recommended. This also applies for the smooth ramp-down be-cause during the ramp-down time an additional current loading applies in contrast to free ramp-down.In the motor feeder between the SIRIUS 3RW soft starter and the motor, no capacitive elements are permitted (e.g.no reactive-power compensation equipment). In addition, neither static sys-tems for reactive-power compensation nor dynamic PFC (Power Factor Correction) must be operated in parallel during starting and ramp-down of the soft starter. This is important to prevent faults arising on the compensation equipment and/or the soft starter.All elements of the main circuit (such as fuses, controls and over-load relays) should be dimensioned for direct starting, following the local short-circuit conditions. Fuses, switching devices and overload relays must be ordered separately. Please observe the maximum switching frequencies specified in the technical specifications.Power electronics circuit diagram 1)Status graphs1)Circuit diagram applies to sizes S0 and S2;for size S00, phase L3 is bridged;for size S3, phase L2 is bridged.Control with a PLCWhen a 3RW30 is operated with a triac output or thyristor output, the leakage current at the PLC output should be <1mA be-cause otherwise the 3RW30 will interpret the resultant voltage drop at the input as an "On command". As a corrective measure for PLC outputs with a higher leakage current, an RC element with >100nF and 220W can be connected in series between "IN1" and terminal "A2" of the 3RW30 (Order No.: 3TX7 462-3T see Selection and Ordering Data).Win-Soft Starter selection and simulation programWith this software, you can simulate and select all Siemens soft starters, taking into account various parameters such as mains properties, motor and load data, and special application requirements.The software is a valuable tool, which makes complicated, lengthy manual calculations for determining the required soft starters superfluous.You can order the CD-ROM under the following order number:Order No.: E20001-D1020-P302-V2-7400.You can find more information on the Internet at:/sanftstarter3RW31。
OSHA现场作业手册说明书
DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。
Chapter 3 organizational cultures and diversity
Definition and characteristics
organizational culture can be defined as a pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, and that has worked well enough gto be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems.
There often are substantial differences between the organizational cultures of different subsidiaries, and of course, this can cause coordination problems. For example, Swedes take off the entire month of July for vacation but Italians take off August. Actually, the big question was how to bring the two companies together.
The specific objectives of this chapter are:
Define exactly what is meant by organizational culture, and discuss the interaction of national and MNC cultures Identify the four most common categories of organizational culture that have been found through research, and discuss the characteristics of each. Provide an overview of the nature and degree of multiculturalism and diversity in today’s MNCs. Discuss common guidelines and principles that are usedin building multiculrural effectiveness at the team and the organizational levels
哈工大博士学位论文模板
1.3
....................................................................................... 2
第 2 章 基本使用 ..................................................................................... 3
3.1
学 ................................................................................ 7
3.2 学
..................................................................... 7
第 1 章 绪论 ............................................................................................ 1
1.1
....................................................................................... 1
LATEX TEMPLATE FOR MASTER/DOCTOR THESIS/DISSERTATION OF HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Candidate: Supervisor: Academic Degree Applied for: Specialty: Affiliation: Date of Defense: Degree-Conferring-Institution:
5A Chapter 3 What’s the matter 课件(新思维小学英语)
Dr Fung
Dr Fung always makes his patients
feel better.
Do you ever get sick? What makes you feel better?
Bob
Yes, Dr Lee.
Bob is telling Jim about the doctor’s advice.
The doctor told me to take some medicine.
Jim
Reporting what other people said
take some medicine.
新思维小学英语
Chapter Three
5A
New Words
a cough
a stomachache
a broken arm
a cold
a fever
a toothache
a sore throat
a headache
Talk about illnesses.
What’s the matter with you?
Mr Cheng
Mrs Cheng
Mr and Mrs Cheng are Dr Fung’s patients.
Do you think Dr Fung could make them feel better?
Oh, dear! I have a headache.
What’s the matter with you?
Joke:
Activity 4
Share a joke with me!
正则表达式语法
正则表达式语法正则表达式是一种文本模式，包括普通字符（例如，a 到z 之间的字母）和特殊字符（称为“元字符”）。
模式描述在搜索文本时要匹配的一个或多个字符串。
正则表达式示例下表包含了元字符的完整列表以及它们在正则表达式上下文中的行为：优先级顺序正则表达式从左到右进行计算，并遵循优先级顺序，这与算术表达式非常类似。
运算符下表从最高到最低说明了各种正则表达式运算符的优先级顺序：字符具有高于替换运算符的优先级，使得“m|food”匹配“m”或“food”。
若要匹配“mood”或“food”，请使用括号创建子表达式，从而产生“(m|f)ood”。
特殊字符许多元字符要求在试图匹配它们时特别对待。
若要匹配这些特殊字符，必须首先使字符“转义”，即，将反斜杠字符(\) 放在它们前面。
下表列出了特殊字符以及它们的含义：特殊字符表不可打印字符非打印字符也可以是正则表达式的组成部分。
下表列出了表示非打印字符的转义序列：转义序列字符匹配句点(.) 匹配字符串中的各种打印或非打印字符，只有一个字符例外。
这个例外就是换行符(\n)。
下面的正则表达式匹配aac、abc、acc、adc等等，以及a1c、a2c、a-c 和a#c：/a.c/若要匹配包含文件名的字符串，而句点(.) 是输入字符串的组成部分，请在正则表达式中的句点前面加反斜扛(\) 字符。
举例来说明，下面的正则表达式匹配filename.ext：/filename\.ext/这些表达式只让您匹配“任何”单个字符。
可能需要匹配列表中的特定字符组。
例如，可能需要查找用数字表示的章节标题（Chapter 1、Chapter 2 等等）。
中括号表达式若要创建匹配字符组的一个列表，请在方括号（[ 和]）内放置一个或更多单个字符。
当字符括在中括号内时，该列表称为“中括号表达式”。
与在任何别的位置一样，普通字符在中括号内表示其本身，即，它在输入文本中匹配一次其本身。
大多数特殊字符在中括号表达式内出现时失去它们的意义。
SyllabusPrecalculusMetro
Week of What to do this week AssignmentsSept. 4 Chapter 1‘ Lesson 1: Sets, Real Numbers, Inequalities, etc.‘ Lesson 2: Exponents and Radicals‘ Lesson 3: Polynomials, Geometry Formulas‘ Lesson 4: Equations, Quadratic Equations‘ HW 1A‘ Lesson 5: Mathematical Modeling‘ Lesson 6: Mathematical Modeling‘ HW 1B Due Sept 11 HW 1AHW 1BSept. 11‘ Lesson 7: Inequalities‘ Lesson 8: Polynomial and other Inequalities‘ HW 1C‘ Lesson 9: Complex Numbers‘ Lesson 10: The Number i, Negative Discriminants‘ Lesson 11: Rectangular Coordinates‘ HW 1D‘ Lesson 12: Graphing Equations Due Sept 18 HW 1C HW 1DSept. 18‘ Lesson 13: Circles‘ Lesson 14: Slope and Equations of Lines‘ Lesson 15: Parallel and Perpendicular Lines‘ HW 1E‘ HW 1F and 1G (Honors)‘ Chapter 1 Test Due Sept 25HW 1EHW 1F (Honors) HW 1G (Honors) Chapter 1 TestSept. 25 Chapter 2‘ Lesson 1: Definition of a Function‘ Lesson 2: The Graph of a Function‘ Lesson 3: Function Notation, Difference Quotients‘ Lesson 4: Important Functions‘ Lesson 5: Piecewise Functions‘ HW 2A‘ Lesson 6: Graphing Functions‘ Lesson 7: Scaling a Graph Vertically‘ Lesson 8: Combining Graphing Procedures‘ HW 2B Due Oct 2 HW 2A HW 2BOct. 2‘ Lesson 9: Operations on Functions ‘ Lesson 10: Composite Functions‘ HW 2C‘ Lesson 11: One-to-one Functions‘ Lesson 12: Inverse Functions‘ Lesson 13: Mathematical Models‘ Lesson 14: Mathematical Models‘ HW 2D‘ HW 2E, HW 2F (Honors)‘ Chapter 2 Test Due Oct 9HW 2CHW 2DHW 2E (Honors) HW 2F (Honors) Chapter 2 TestOct. 9 Chapter 3‘ Lesson 1: Quadratic Functions‘ Lesson 2: Graphing Quadratics‘ Lesson 3: Applications‘ HW 3A‘ Lesson 4: Polynomial Functions Due Oct 16 HW 3AOct. 16‘ Lesson 5: Graphing Polynomial Functions ‘ Lesson 6: Analyzing Graphs of Polynomials‘ HW 3B‘ Lesson 7: Rational Functions‘ Lesson 8: Asymptotes Due Oct 23 HW 3BOct. 23‘ Lesson 9: Graphing Rational Functions ‘ Lesson 10: Graphing Rational Functions‘ HW 3C‘ Lesson 11: Division of Polynomials‘ Lesson 12: Synthetic Division‘ HW 3D‘ Lesson 13: Zeros of a Polynomial Due Oct 30 HW 3C HW 3DOct 30‘ Lesson 14: Finding Real Zeros‘ Lesson 15: Approximating Real Zeros‘ HW 3E‘ Lesson 16: The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra‘ Lesson 17: Complex Polynomials‘ HW 3F and HW 3G (Honors)‘ Chapter 3 Test Due Nov 6HW 3EHW 3F (Honors) HW 3G (Honors) Chapter 3 TestNov. 6 Chapter 4‘ Lesson 1: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions‘ Lesson 2: The Base e‘ Lesson 3: Logarithmic Functions‘ Lesson 4: Graphs of Logarithmic Function‘ HW 4A‘ Lesson 5: Properties of Logarithms‘ Lesson 6: Logarithms on a Calculator‘ HW 4B Due Nov 13 HW 4AHW 4BNov. 13‘ Lesson 7: Logarithmic Equations ‘ Lesson 8: Exponential Equations‘ HW 4C‘ Lesson 9: Compound Interest‘ Lesson 10: Compound Interest Due Nov 20 HW 4CNov. 20‘ Lesson 11: Growth and Decay‘ Lesson 12: Radioactive Decay‘ HW 4D‘ Lesson 13: Logarithmic Scales‘ HW 4E (Honors)‘ Chapter 4 Test Due Dec 4HW 4DHW 4E (Honors) Chapter 4 TestNov. 27Thanksgiving Break Dec. 4Review for Exam Dec. 11Semester 1 ExamPrecalculus Syllabus, 2013 - 2014, MetroWeek of What to do this week AssignmentsJan 8 Chapter 5‘ Lesson 1: Angles and Degrees‘ HW 5A‘ HW 5B‘ Lesson 2: Circular Motion‘ Lesson 3: The Unit Circle‘ Lesson 4: Trig Functions of Common Angles‘ Lesson 5: Domain and Range of Trig Functions‘ HW 5C‘ Lesson 6: Fundamental Identities Due Jan 15 HW 5A HW 5B HW 5CJan 15‘ Lesson 7: Right Triangle Trigonometry ‘ Lesson 8: Reference Angles‘ Lesson 9: Solving Right Triangles‘ Lesson 10: Applications‘ HW 5D‘ Test on Chapter 5Due Jan 22HW 5DChapter 5 TestJan 22 Chapter 6‘ Lesson 1: Graphs of the Sine Function‘ Lesson 2: Graphs of the Cosine Function‘ Lesson 3: Sinusoidal Graphs‘ HW 6A‘ Lesson 4: Phase Shifts‘ HW 6B‘ Lesson 5: Combining Waves‘ Lesson 6: Simple Harmonic Motion Due Jan 29 HW 6A HW 6BJan 29‘ Lesson 7: Graphs of the Tangent Function‘ Lesson 8: Graphs of Cosecant, Secant, Cotangent‘ HW 6C‘ Lesson 9: Inverse Sine‘ Lesson 10: Inverse Cosine‘ Lesson 11: Inverse Tangent‘ Lesson 12: Expressions involving Trig Functions‘ HW 6D‘ Test on Chapter 6Due Feb 5HW 6CHW 6DChapter 6 TestFeb 5 Chapter 7‘ Lesson 1: Trigonometric Identities‘ HW 7A‘ Lesson 2: Sum and Difference Formulas‘ Lesson 3: Sum and Difference Formulas‘ HW 7B‘ HW 7C Due Feb 12 HW 7A HW 7B HW 7CFeb 12‘ Lesson 4: Double Angle Formulas ‘ Lesson 5: Half Angle Formulas‘ HW 7D(Lesson 6 is deliberately omitted)‘ Lesson 7: Trigonometric Equations‘ Lesson 8: Trigonometric Equations‘ HW 7E‘ HW 7F (Honors)‘ Test on Chapter 7Due Feb 19HW 7DHW 7EHW 7FChapter 7 TestFeb 19 Chapter 8‘ Lesson 1: The Law of Sines‘ Lesson 2: The Ambiguous Case‘ Lesson 3: Applications‘ HW 8A‘ HW 8B‘ Lesson 4: The Law of Cosines Due Feb 26 HW 8A HW 8BFeb 26‘ Lesson 5: The Area of a Triangle‘ HW 8C‘ Lesson 6: Polar Coordinates‘ Lesson 7: Polar and Rectangular Conversion‘ HW 8D‘ HW 8E‘ HW 8F‘ Lesson 8: Polar Equations and Graphs Due Mar 5 HW 8C HW 8D HW 8E HW 8FMar 5‘ Lesson 9: Polar Equations and Graphs ‘ Lesson 10: Polar Equations and Graphs‘ HW 8G‘ HW 8H‘ Lesson 11: Complex Numbers‘ Lesson 12: DeMoivre’s Theorem‘ HW 8I‘ Test on Chapter 8Due Mar 12HW 8GHW 8HHW 8IChapter 8 TestMar 12 Chapter 9‘ Lesson 1: Conic Sections‘ Lesson 2: Parabolas‘ Lesson 3: Translation of Parabolas‘ HW9A Due Mar 19 HW 9AMar 19‘ Lesson 4: Ellipses‘ Lesson 5: Translation of Ellipses‘ HW 9B‘ Lesson 6: Hyperbolas‘ Lesson 7: Translation of Hyperbolas‘ HW 9C Due Mar 26 HW 9B HW 9CMar 26‘ Lesson 8: The General Form of a Conic‘ Lesson 9: Parametric Equations‘ Lesson 10: Parametric Equations on a Calculator‘ Test on Chapter 9Due Apr 2Chapter 9 TestApr 2Chapter 10‘ Lesson 1: Solving Systems‘ Lesson 2: Solving Systems‘ Lesson 3: Solving Systems‘ HW 10A Due Apr 16 HW 10AApr 9Spring BreakApr 16‘ Lesson 4: Matrix Notation‘ Lesson 5: Echelon Form‘ HW 10BLesson 6: Determinants‘ HW 10C Due Apr 23 HW 10B HW 10CApr 23‘ Lesson 7: Nonlinear Systems‘ HW 10D‘ Systems of Inequalities‘ HW 10E‘ HW 10F (Honors)‘ Chapter 10 Test Due Apr 30HW 10DHW 10EHW 10F (Honors) Chapter 10 TestApr 30 Chapter 11‘ Lesson 1: Sequences, etc.‘ Lesson 2: Recursion‘ Lesson 3: Arithmetic Sequences and Series‘ HW 11A Due May 7 HW 11AMay 7‘ Lesson 4: Geometric Sequences and Series ‘ HW 11B‘ Lesson 5: Mathematical Induction‘ Lesson 6: The Binomial Theorem‘ HW 11C Due May 14 HW 11B HW 11CMay 14Second Semester Exam。
雅思词汇_Chapter3人体与健康
小沈的单词本Chapter 3. 人体与健康包括：a. 身体器官; b. 节律与心理; c. 医院与卫生; d. 疾病; e. 药物与治疗.N.B.The words with shading are not required in IELTS, but required in at least one another examination, including TOEFL, SAT, GRE, CET4/6, and NETM. Also, the italicized words are neither required in IELTS, nor in TOEFL, SAT, GRE, CET4/6, or NETM according to YouDao Dict.The BrE phonetic transcriptions, but the NAmE spellings are typed in this article.There are 10 chapters in this article, other chapters and a complete version can be found in my Baidu blog.注意带黄底的单词是非雅思要求的词汇，但是是托福、SAT、GRE、四六级、考研英语之中至少一种考试所要求的词汇. 而斜体的单词既不是雅思要求的词汇，也不是托福、SAT、GRE、四六级、考研英语要求的词汇.本材料中采用单词的英音音标、美式拼写.本材料共10章, 其他章节和一个完整版均可以在我的百度文库店铺中找到.Chapter 3. 人体与健康a.身体器官organ /ˈɔːɡən/器官bone /bəʊn/ 骨骼backbone /ˈbækbəʊn/ 脊椎skeleton /ˈskelɪtn/ 骨架；骨骼spine /spaɪn/ 脊椎；脊柱skull /skʌl/ 脑壳rib /rɪb/ 肋骨；排骨cheek /tʃiːk/ 面颊；脸颊forehead /ˈfɔːhed/ 前额brow=eyebrow /braʊ/ 眉毛eyelash/ˈaɪlæʃ/ 睫毛lip 嘴唇tongue /tʌŋ/ 舌头chin /tʃɪn/ 下巴；v.引体向上jaw /dʒɔː/ 下巴；颌；v.唠叨；教训beard /bɪəd/ (长)胡须(总称) mustache/moustache /ˈmʌstæʃ/ 八字胡whisker/'hwɪskə/络腮胡goatee /ɡəʊˈtiː/山羊胡fine hair 汗毛chest /tʃest/ 胸部abdomen /ˈæbdəmən/ 腹部；腹腔waist /weɪst/ 腰部shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ 肩膀trunk /trʌŋk/ 躯干thigh /θaɪ/ 大腿joint /dʒɔɪnt/ 关节knee 膝盖lap /læp/ 大腿；拍打ankle /ˈæŋkl/ 踝关节heel 脚后跟toe /təʊ/ 脚趾forearm/'fɔːrɑːm/ 前臂limb /lɪm/ 臂；肢elbow /ˈelbəʊ/ 肘部；扶手wrist 手腕thumb /θʌm/ 拇指finger 手指palm /pɑːm/ 手掌fist 拳头viscus/'vɪskəs/ 内脏viscera/ˈvɪsərə/ (复数)内脏belly /ˈbeli/ 腹部；胃liver 肝脏stomach /ˈstʌmək/ 胃appendix /əˈpendɪks/ 阑尾womb /wuːm/ 子宫；发源地kidney 肾脏lung 肺gland 腺体intestine/ɪnˈtestɪn/ 肠；内部的chamber /ˈtʃeɪmbə(r)/ (器官内的)腔/室throat /θrəʊt/ 喉咙；嗓子pore /pɔː(r)/ 毛孔；(植物上的)气孔artery/ˈɑːtəri/ 动脉；干道；主流vein /veɪn/ 静脉；血管vessel /ˈvesl/ 血管；船舰anatomy /əˈnætəmi/ 解剖(学)b.节律与心理biorhythm /ˈbaɪəʊrɪðəm/ 生物节律flesh /fleʃ/ 肉；肉体physical examination 体检stature /ˈstætʃə(r)/ 身高body weight 体重gender /ˈdʒendə(r)/性别calories /ˈkæləri/ 卡路里caloric intake 卡路里摄取量pulse /pʌls/ 脉搏blood pressure 血压vital /ˈvaɪtl/至关重要的；有活力的vital capacity 肺活量vision /ˈvɪʒn/ 视力myopia /maɪˈəʊpiə/ 近视的short/long sight 近/远视nearsighted/shortsighted 近视的How strong are your glasses?/What’s the power of your glasses?/How good is your vision?diopter /daɪ'ɒptə/ 屈光度I am nearsighted with 6 diopters. 我600度近视The vision of my right eye is minus 4 dioters.我右眼近视400度contace lenses /'lensɪz/ 隐形眼镜color blindness/weakness 色盲/弱auditory sense /ˈɔːdətri/听觉smell 嗅觉gustation/gʌ'steɪʃ(ə)n/ 味觉perceive /pəˈsiːv/ v.察觉；认知perception /pəˈsepʃn/ 认知能力；直觉；洞察力perceptive /pəˈseptɪv/ 有感知的；有洞察力的muscle 肌肉hormone /ˈhɔːməʊn/ 激素；荷尔蒙male (sex) hormone 雄性激素cholesterol /kəˈlestərɒl/ 胆固醇stimulus /ˈstɪmjələs/ 刺激(物)psychosis/saɪˈkəʊsɪs/ 精神病；精神错乱trauma /ˈtrɔːmə/ (精神上的)创伤insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmniə/ 失眠症phobia /ˈfəʊbiə/ 恐惧症have a phobia about 恐…症depression /dɪˈpreʃn/ 抑郁症；沮丧autism/ˈɔːtɪzəm/ 自闭症autistic /ɔːˈtɪstɪk/ 自闭的nerve 神经immunity/ɪˈmjuːnəti/ 免疫(力)immune system /ɪˈmjuːn/免疫系统respiration /ˌrespəˈreɪʃn/ 呼吸(作用) respiratory system /ˈrespərətri/ 呼吸系统respirator /ˈrespəreɪtə(r)/呼吸机；口罩digestion /dɪˈdʒestʃən/ 消化digestive system /dɪˈdʒestɪv/ 消化系统c.医院与卫生hospital 医院cabin hospital /ˈkæbɪn/ 方舱医院clinic /ˈklɪnɪk/ 诊所；医务室；临床outpatient 门诊emergency 急诊ambulance /ˈæmbjələns/救护车inpatient 住院的(病人)doctor 医生physician /fɪˈzɪʃn/ (内科)医生surgeon /ˈsɜːdʒən/ 外科医生dentist 牙医specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/专科医生consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/ [英]会诊医生；顾问anesthetist/æ'niːsθətɪst/ 麻醉师pharmacist /ˈfɑːməsɪst/ 药剂师pharmacy /ˈfɑːməsi/ 药房；药学dispenser /dɪˈspensə(r)/ 药剂师；自动售货机psychologist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ 心理医生；心理学家nurse 护士；保姆in hospital 住院be hospitalized 住院discharge n./v.释放；出院；放电；撤销sanitary /ˈsænətri/ 卫生的；清洁的；公共厕所hygiene /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ 卫生；卫生学hygienic/haɪˈdʒiːnɪk/ 卫生的；保健的sterilize /ˈsterəlaɪz/ v.消毒；杀菌sanitize /ˈsænɪtaɪz/ v.消毒sanitizer/sterilizer 消毒剂/消毒器disinfect /ˌdɪsɪnˈfekt/ 将…消毒disinfectant fluid=disinfector消毒剂bactericide /bækˈtɪərɪsaɪd/杀菌剂d.疾病acute 急性的；严重的；敏锐的chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/ 慢性的symptom /ˈsɪmptəm/ 症状manifest (病症)出现syndrome /ˈsɪndrəʊm/ 综合症；并发症dysfunction/dɪsˈfʌŋkʃn/ 功能紊乱disorder n./v.混乱；失调disordered 混乱的；失调的dystrophy /ˈdɪstrəfi/ 营养不良diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ 糖尿病obesity /əʊˈbiːsəti/ 肥胖症hypertension /ˌhaɪpəˈtenʃn/ 高血压；过度紧张paralysis /pəˈræləsɪs/ 瘫痪paralyze /ˈpærəlaɪz/ 使…麻痹；使…瘫痪cancer /ˈkænsə(r)/ 癌症；恶性肿瘤tumor /'tju:mə(r)/ 肿瘤；肿块；赘生物allergy /ˈælədʒi/ 过敏症；反感allergic to /əˈlɜːdʒɪk/stroke /strəʊk/ 中风；划；撞击inflammation /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/ 炎症eliminate inflammation of 消缓…的炎症arthritis /ɑːˈθraɪtɪs/ 关节炎heart disease 心脏病heart attack 心脏病发作headache /ˈhedeɪk/ 头痛swell /swel/ 肿胀；膨胀bruise /bruːz/ 擦伤；青肿scar /skɑː(r)/ 伤痕；伤疤wound 创伤；(刀/枪)伤lump 块；肿块；瘤pimple /ˈpɪmpl/ 丘疹plague /pleɪɡ/ 瘟疫flu=influenza /ˌɪnfluˈenzə/ 流感fever /ˈfiːvə(r)/ 发烧epidemic /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ 传染性的；传染病；疫情pandemic /pænˈdemɪk/ (全国或全球性)流行病infection 感染；传染病infect v.感染；传染infectious /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ 传染的contagious /kənˈteɪdʒəs/ 感染性的；会蔓延的quarantine /ˈkwɒrəntiːn/ v./n.(检疫)隔离segregate /ˈseɡrɪɡeɪt/ (按种族)隔离；分离isolate /ˈaɪsəleɪt/ 隔离；孤立mortal /ˈmɔːtl/ 致死的；凡人(的) fatal /ˈfeɪtl/ 致命的；重大的lethal/ˈliːθl/ 致命的e.药物与治疗remedy /ˈremədi/ 疗法；补救prescription /prɪˈskrɪpʃn/ 药方；处方prescribe 开处方diagnose /ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz/ 诊断curative /ˈkjʊərətɪv/ 有疗效的；药品；疗法drug 药品；毒品pill 药丸capsule /ˈkæpsjuːl/ 胶囊；太空舱vitamin /ˈvɪtəmɪn/ 维生素supplement /ˈsʌplɪmənt/ 补品vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/ 疫苗vaccinate sb. against /ˈvæksɪneɪt/给…接种…penicillin /ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn/ 青霉素antibiotic /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/ 抗生素ibuprofen/ˌaɪbjuːˈprəʊfen/ 布洛芬；止痛药painkiller止痛药acupuncture /ˈækjupʌŋktʃə(r)/针灸morphine/ˈmɔːfiːn/ 吗啡cocaine /kəʊˈkeɪn/ 可卡因dose /dəʊs/ 一剂；v.服药X-ray X光transplant 移植injection 注射give sb. an injection 打针；输液penetrate/ˈpenətreɪt/ 穿过；渗透pierce/pɪəs/ 刺穿；穿孔insert /ɪnˈsɜːt/ 插入；添加saline /ˈseɪlaɪn/ 生理盐水；盐溶液glucose /ˈɡluːkəʊs/ 葡萄糖precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃn/ 预防cure 治愈heal 使…痊愈recovery 痊愈；恢复；重获refresh 使…恢复(精力) relief 减轻；安抚relieve v.减轻；安慰nourish /ˈnʌrɪʃ/ v.滋养nutrient /ˈnjuːtriənt/ 营养物；营养的nutrition/njuˈtrɪʃn/ 营养(学)；营养品。
新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程1答案截图及课文翻译(完整版)
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LSA国际救生设备规则英文版
LSA国际救生设备规则英文版ContentContent ............................................................ ........................................................................ .. (1)International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA)Code (2)PREAMBLE............................................................ ........................................................................ . (2)CHAPTER I -GENERAL ................................................................ .. (2)1.1Definitions ............................................................ (2)1.2 General requirements for life-savingappliances (3)CHAPTER II - PERSONAL LIFE-SAVINGAPPLIANCES ............................................................. (4)2.1Lifebuoys .............................................................. .. (4)2.2Lifejackets ............................................................ (6)2.3 Immersionsuits .................................................................. . (8)2.4 Anti-exposuresuits .................................................................. (10)2.5 Thermal protectiveaids ................................................................... ........................ 11 CHAPTER III - VISUALSIGNALS ................................................................ (12)3.1 Rocket parachuteflares ................................................................. .. (12)3.2 Handflares ................................................................. .. (12)3.3 Buoyant smokesignals ................................................................ ............................... 13 CHAPTER IV - SURVIVALCRAFT .................................................................. (13)4.1 General requirements forliferafts .............................................................. . (14)4.2 Inflatableliferafts .............................................................. .. (20)4.3 Rigidliferafts .............................................................. (24)4.4 General requirements forlifeboats .............................................................. . (26)4.5 Partially enclosedlifeboats .............................................................. . (37)4.6 Totally enclosedlifeboats .............................................................. .. (39)4.7 Free-falllifeboats .............................................................. . (41)4.8 Lifeboats with a self-contained air supportsystem (43)4.9 Fire-protectedlifeboats .............................................................. ........................... 43 CHAPTER V - RESCUEBOATS .................................................................. (44)5.1 Rescueboats .................................................................. ............................................... 44 CHAPTER VI - LAUNCHING AND EMBARKATIONAPPLIANCES (49)6.1 Launching and embarkationappliances ............................................................. . (49)6.2 Marine evacuationsystems ................................................................ ....................... 54 CHAPTER VII - OTHER LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES ............................................................. .. (58)7.1 Line-throwingappliances ............................................................. . (58)7.2 General alarm and public addresssystem (58)International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code [under the auspicesof the International Convention for theSafety of Life at Sea [SOLAS] of 1 November 1974](London, 4 June 1996)THE INTERNATIONAL LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCE CODEPREAMBLE1 The purpose of this Code is to provide international standards for life-saving appliances required by Chapter III of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974.2 On and after 1 July 1998, the requirements of this Code will be mandatory under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, as amended. Any future amendment to the Code will be adopted and brought into force in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article VIII of that Convention.CHAPTER I - GENERAL1.1 Definitions1.1.1 Convention means the International Convention for the Safetyof Life at Sea, 1974, as amended.1.1.2 Effective clearing of the ship is the ability of the free-falllifeboat to move away from the ship after free-fall launchingwithout using its engine.1.1.3 is the rate of change of velocity experienced Free-fall accelerationby the occupants during launching of a free-fall lifeboat. 1.1.4Free-fall certification height is the greatest launching height for which the lifeboat is to be approved, measured from the still water surface to the lowest point on the lifeboat when the lifeboat is in the launch configuration.1.1.5 Launching ramp angle is the angle between the horizontal and the launch rail of the lifeboat in its launching position with the ship on even keel.1.1.6 Launching ramp length is the distance between the stem of thelifeboat and the lower end of the launching ramp.1.1.7 Regulation means a regulation contained in the Annex to the Convention.1.1.8 Required free-fall height is the greatest distance measured fromthe still water surface to the lowest point on the lifeboat when the lifeboat is in the launch configuration and the ship is in its lightest seagoing condition.1.1.9 Retro-reflective material is a material which reflects in theopposite direction a beam of light directed on it.1.1.10 Water-entry angle is the angle between the horizontal and thelaunch rail of the lifeboat when it first enters the water. 1.1.11 The terms used in this Code have the same meaning as those defined in Regulation III/3.1.2 General requirements for life-saving appliances1.2.1 Paragraph 1.2.2.7 applies to life-saving appliances on all ships. 1.2.2 Unless expressly provided otherwise or unless, in the opinion of the Administration having regard to the particular voyages on which the ship is constantly engaged, other requirements are appropriate, all life-saving appliances prescribed in this part shall: .1 be constructed with proper workmanship and materials; .2 not be damaged in stowage throughout the air temperature range -30?C to +65?C;.3 if they are likely to be immersed in seawater during their use, operate throughout the seawater temperature range -1?C to +30?C;.4 where applicable, be rot-proof, corrosion-resistant, and not be unduly affected by seawater, oil or fungal attack;.5 where exposed to sunlight, be resistant to deterioration;.6 be of a highly visible colour on all parts where this will assist detection;.7 be fitted with retro-reflective material where it will assist in detection and in accordance with the recommendations of the Organization; .8 if they are to be used in a seaway, be capable of satisfactory operation in that environment;.9 be clearly marked with approval information including the Administration which approved it, and any operational restrictions;and .10 where applicable, be provided with electrical short circuit protection to prevent damage or injury.1.2.3 The Administration shall determine the period of acceptability of life-saving appliances which are subject to deterioration with age. Such life-saving appliances shall be marked with a means for determining their age or the date by which they must be replaced. Permanent marking with a date of expiry is the preferred method of establishing the period of acceptability. Batteries not marked with an expiration date may be used if they are replaced annually, or in the case of a secondarybattery (accumulator), if the condition of the electrolyte can bereadily checked.CHAPTER II - PERSONAL LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES2.1 Lifebuoys2.1.1 Lifebuoy specificationEvery lifebuoy shall:.1 have an outer diameter of not more than 800 mm and an inner diameter of not less than 400 mm;.2 be constructed of inherently buoyant material; it shall not depend upon rushes, cork shavings or granulated cork, any other loose granulated material or any air compartment which depends on inflationfor buoyancy; .3 be capable of supporting not less than 14.5 kg of iron in fresh water for a period of 24 h;.4 have a mass of not less than 2.5 kg;.5 not sustain burning or continue melting after being totally enveloped in a fire for a period of 2 s;.6 be constructed to withstand a drop into the water from the height at which it is stowed above the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition or 30 m, whichever is the greater, without impairing eitherits operating capability or that of its attached components;.7 if it is intended to operate the quick release arrangement provided for the self-activated smoke signals and self-igniting lights, have a mass sufficient to operate the quick release arrangement; and .8 be fitted with a grabline not less than 9.5 mm in diameter andnot less than 4 times the outside diameter of the body of the buoy in length. The grabline shall be secured at four equidistant points around the circumference of the buoy to form four equal loops.2.1.2 Lifebuoy self-igniting lightsSelf-igniting lights required by Regulation III/7.1.3 shall: .1 be such that they cannot be extinguished by water;.2 be of white colour and capable of either burning continuouslywith a luminous intensity of not less than 2 cd in all directions of the upper hemisphere or flashing (discharge flashing) at a rate of not less than 50 flashes and not more than 70 flashes per minute with at least the corresponding effective luminous intensity;.3 be provided with a source of energy capable of meeting the requirement of paragraph 2.1.2.2 for a period of at least 2 h; and.4 be capable of withstanding the drop test required by paragraph2.1.1.6. 2.1.3 Lifebuoy self-activating smoke signalsSelf-activating smoke signals required by Regulation III/7.1.3shall: .1 emit smoke of a highly visible colour at a uniform rate for a period of at least 15 min when floating in calm water;.2 not ignite explosively or emit any flame during the entire smoke emission time of the signal;.3 not be swamped in a seaway;.4 continue to emit smoke when fully submerged in water for a period of at least 10 s; and.5 be capable of withstanding the drop test required by paragraph2.1.1.6. 2.1.4 Buoyant lifelinesBuoyant lifelines required by Regulation III/7.1.2 shall: .1 be non-kinking;.2 have a diameter of not less than 8 mm; and.3 have a breaking strength of not less than 5 kN.2.2 Lifejackets2.2.1 General requirements for lifejackets2.2.1.1 A lifejacket shall not sustain burning or continue melting after being totally enveloped in a fire for a period of 2 s.2.2.1.2 An adult lifejacket shall be so constructed that: .1 atleast 75% of persons, who are completely unfamiliar with the lifejacket, can correctly don it within a period of 1 min without assistance, guidance or prior demonstration;.2 after demonstration, all persons can correctly don it within a period of 1 min without assistance;.3 it is clearly capable of being worn in only one way or, as far as is practicable, cannot be donned incorrectly;.4 it is comfortable to wear; and.5 it allows the wearer to jump from a height of at least 4.5 m into the water without injury and without dislodging or damaging the lifejacket. 2.2.1.3 An adult lifejacket shall have sufficient buoyancy and stability in calm fresh water to:.1 lift the mouth of an exhausted or unconscious person not lessthan 120 mm clear of the water with the body inclined backwards at an angle of not less than 20? from the vertical position; and .2 turn the body of an unconscious person in the water from any position to one where the mouth is clear of the water in not more than 5 s.2.2.1.4 An adult lifejacket shall allow the person wearing it to swim a short distance and to board a survival craft.2.2.1.5 A child lifejacket shall be constructed and perform the same as an adult lifejacket except as follows:.1 donning assistance is permitted for small children;.2 it shall only be required to lift the mouth of an exhausted or unconscious wearer clear of the water a distance appropriate to the size of the intended wearer; and.3 assistance may be given to board a survival craft, but wearer mobility shall not be significantly reduced.2.2.1.6 In addition to the markings required by paragraph 1.2.2.9, a child lifejacket shall be marked with:.1 the height or weight range for which the lifejacket will meet the testing and evaluation criteria recommended by the Organization; and .2 a "child" symbol as shown in the "child's lifejacket" symbol adopted by the Organization.2.2.1.7 A lifejacket shall have buoyancy which is not reduced by more than 5% after 24 h submersion in fresh water.2.2.1.8 Each lifejacket shall be fitted with a whistle firmly secured by a cord.2.2.2 Inflatable lifejacketsA lifejacket which depends on inflation for buoyancy shall have not less than two separate compartments and comply with the requirements of paragraph 2.2.1 and shall:.1 inflate automatically on immersion, be provided with a device to permit inflation by a single manual motion and be capable of being inflated by mouth;.2 in the event of loss of buoyancy in any one compartment be capable of complying with the requirements of paragraphs 2.2.1.2,2.2.1.3 and 2.2.1.4; and.3 comply with the requirements of paragraph 2.2.1.7 after inflation by means of the automatic mechanism.2.2.3 Lifejacket lights2.2.3.1 Each lifejacket light shall:.1 have a luminous intensity of not less than 0.75 cd in all directions of the upper hemisphere;.2 have a source of energy capable of providing a luminous intensity of 0.75 cd for a period of at least 8 h;.3 be visible over as great a segment of the upper hemisphere as is practicable when attached to a lifejacket; and.4 be of white colour.2.2.3.2 If the light referred to in paragraph 2.2.3.1 is a flashing light, it shall, in addition:.1 be provided with a manually operated switch; and.2 flash at a rate of not less than 50 flashes and not more than 70 flashes per minute with an effective luminous intensity of at least 0.75 cd. 2.3 Immersion suits2.3.1 General requirements for immersion suits2.3.1.1 The immersion suit shall be constructed with waterproof materials such that:.1 it can be unpacked and donned without assistance within 2 min, taking into account any associated clothing, and a lifejacket if the immersion suit is to be worn in conjunction with a lifejacket;.2 it will not sustain burning or continue melting after beingtotally enveloped in a fire for a period of 2 s;.3 it will cover the whole body with the exception of the face. Hands shall also be covered unless permanently attached gloves are provided; .4 it is provided with arrangements to minimize or reduce free air in the legs of the suit; and.5 following a jump from a height of not less than 4.5 m into the water there is no undue ingress of water into the suit.2.3.1.2 An immersion suit which also complies with the requirements of section 2.2 may be classified as a lifejacket.2.3.1.3 An immersion suit shall permit the person wearing it, and also wearing a lifejacket if the immersion suit is to be worn in conjunction with a lifejacket, to:.1 climb up and down a vertical ladder at least 5 m in length; .2 perform normal duties associated with abandonment;.3 jump from a height of not less than 4.5 m into the water without damaging or dislodging the immersion suit, or being injured; and .4 swim a short distance through the water and board a survival craft. 2.3.1.4 An immersion suit which has buoyancy and is designed to be worn without a lifejacket shall be fitted with a light complying with the requirements of paragraph 2.2.3 and the whistle prescribed by paragraph 2.2.1.8.2.3.1.5 If the immersion suit is to be worn in conjunction with a lifejacket, the lifejacket shall be worn over the immersion suit. A person wearing such an immersion suit shall be able to don a lifejacket without assistance.2.3.2 Thermal performance requirements for immersion suits 2.3.2.1 An immersion suit made of material which has no inherent insulationshall be:.1 marked with instructions that it must be worn in conjunction with warm clothing; and.2 so constructed that, when worn in conjunction with warm clothing, and with a lifejacket if the immersion suit is to be worn with a lifejacket, the immersion suit continues to provide sufficient thermal protection, following one jump by the wearer into the water from a height of 4.5 m, to ensure that when it is worn for a period of 1h in calm circulating water at a temperature of 5?C, the wearer's body core temperature does not fall more than 2?C.2.3.2.2 An immersion suit made of material with inherent insulation, when worn either on its own or with a lifejacket, if the immersion suit is to be worn in conjunction with a lifejacket, shall provide the wearer withsufficient thermal insulation, following one jump into the waterfrom a height of 4.5 m, to ensure that the wearer's body core temperature does not fall more than 2?C after a period of 6 h immersion in calm circulatingwater at a temperature of between 0?C and 2?C.2.3.3 Buoyancy requirementsA person in fresh water wearing either an immersion suit or an immersion suit with a lifejacket, shall be able to turn from a face-down to a face-up position in not more than 5 s.2.4 Anti-exposure suits2.4.1 General requirements for anti-exposure suits2.4.1.1 The anti-exposure suit shall be constructed with waterproof materials such that it:.1 provides inherent buoyancy of at least 70 N;.2 is made of material which reduces the risk of heat stress during rescue and evacuation operations;.3 covers the whole body with the exception of the head and hands and, where the Administration so permits, feet; gloves and a hood shall be provided in such a manner as to remain available for use with theanti-exposure suits;.4 can be unpacked and donned without assistance within 2 min; .5 does not sustain burning or continue melting after being totally enveloped in a fire for a period of 2 s;.6 is equipped with a pocket for a portable VHF telephone; and .7has a lateral field of vision of at least 120?C.2.4.1.2 An anti-exposure suit which also complies with the requirements of section 2.2 may be classified as a lifejacket.2.4.1.3 An anti-exposure suit shall permit the person wearing it, to: .1 climb up and down a vertical ladder of at least 5 m in length; .2jump from a height of not less than 4.5 m into the water with feet first, without damaging or dislodging the suit, or being injured;.3 swim through the water at least 25 m and board a survivalcraft; .4 don a lifejacket without assistance; and.5 perform all duties associated with abandonment, assist others and operate a rescue boat.2.4.1.4 An anti-exposure suit shall be fitted with a light complying with the requirements of paragraph 2.2.3 and the whistle prescribed by paragraph 2.2.1.8.2.4.2 Thermal performance requirements for anti-exposure suits2.4.2.1 An anti-exposure suit shall:.1 if made of material which has no inherent insulation, be marked with instructions that it must be worn in conjunction with warm clothing; and .2 be so constructed, that when worn as marked, the suit continuesto provide sufficient thermal protection following one jump into the water which totally submerges the wearer and shall ensure that when itis worn in calm circulating water at a temperature of 5?C, the wearer's body core temperature does not fall at a rate of more than 1.5?C per hour, after the first 0.5 h.2.4.3 Stability requirementsA person in fresh water wearing an anti-exposure suit complying with the requirements of this section shall be able to turn from a face-down to a face-up position in not more than 5 s and shall be stable face-up.The suit shall have no tendency to turn the wearer face-down in moderate sea condition.2.5 Thermal protective aids2.5.1 A thermal protective aid shall be made of waterproof material having 2a thermal conductance of not more than 7,800 W/(mK) and shall be soconstructed that, when used to enclose a person, it shall reduceboth the convective and evaporative heat loss from the wearer's body. 2.5.2 The thermal protective aid shall:.1 cover the whole body of persons of all sizes wearing a lifejacket with the exception of the face. Hands shall also be covered unless permanently attached gloves are provided;.2 be capable of being unpacked and easily donned without assistance in a survival craft or rescue boat; and.3 permit the wearer to remove it in the water in not more than 2 min, if it impairs ability to swim.2.5.3 The thermal protective aid shall function properly throughout an air temperature range -30?C to +20?C.CHAPTER III - VISUAL SIGNALS3.1 Rocket parachute flares3.1.1 The rocket parachute flare shall:.1 be contained in a water-resistant casing;.2 have brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating the use of the rocket parachute flare printed on its casing;.3 have integral means of ignition; and.4 be so designed as not to cause discomfort to the person holding the casing when used in accordance with the manufacturer's operating instructions.3.1.2 The rocket shall, when fired vertically, reach an altitude of not less than 300 m. At or near the top of its trajectory, the rocket shall eject a parachute flare, which shall:.1 burn with a bright red colour;.2 burn uniformly with an average luminous intensity of not less than 30,000 cd;.3 have a burning period of not less than 40 s;.4 have a rate of descent of not more than 5 m/s; and.5 not damage its parachute or attachments while burning. 3.2 Hand flares3.2.1 The hand flare shall:.1 be contained in a water-resistant casing;.2 have brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating the use of the hand flare printed on its casing;.3 have a self-contained means of ignition; and.4 be so designed as not to cause discomfort to the person holding the casing and not endanger the survival craft by burning or glowing residues when used in accordance with the manufacturer's operating instructions. 3.2.2 The hand flare shall:.1 burn with a bright red colour;.2 burn uniformly with an average luminous intensity of not less than 15,000 cd;.3 have a burning period of not less than 1 min; and.4 continue to burn after having been immersed for a period of 10 s under 100 mm of water.3.3 Buoyant smoke signals3.3.1 The buoyant smoke signal shall:.1 be contained in a water-resistant casing;not ignite explosively when used in accordance with the manufacturer's .2operating instructions; and.3 have brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating the use of the buoyant smoke signal printed on its casing.3.3.2 The buoyant smoke signal shall:.1 emit smoke of a highly visible colour at a uniform rate for a period of not less than 3 min when floating in calm water;.2 not emit any flame during the entire smoke emission time; .3 not be swamped in a seaway; and.4 continue to emit smoke when submerged in water for a period of 10 s under 100 mm of water.CHAPTER IV - SURVIVAL CRAFT4.1 General requirements for liferafts4.1.1 Construction of liferafts4.1.1.1 Every liferaft shall be so constructed as to be capable of withstanding exposure for 30 days afloat in all sea conditions. 4.1.1.2 The liferaft shall be so constructed that when it is dropped into the water from a height of 18 m, the liferaft and its equipment will operate satisfactorily. If the liferaft is to be stowed at a height of more than 18 m above the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition, it shall be of a type which has been satisfactorily drop-tested from at least that height.4.1.1.3 The floating liferaft shall be capable of withstanding repeated jumps on to it from a height of at least 4.5 m above its floor both with and without the canopy erected.4.1.1.4 The liferaft and its fittings shall be so constructed as to enable it to be towed at a speed of 3 knots in calm water when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment and with one of its sea-anchors streamed.4.1.1.5 The liferaft shall have a canopy to protect the occupants from exposure which is automatically set in place when the liferaft is launched and waterborne. The canopy shall comply with the following: .1 it shall provide insulation against heat and cold by means of either two layers of material separated by an air gap or other equally efficient means. Means shall be provided to prevent accumulation of water in the air gap;.2 its interior shall be of a colour that does not cause discomfort to the occupants;.3 each entrance shall be clearly indicated and be provided with efficient adjustable closing arrangements which can be easily andquickly opened by persons clothed in immersion suits from inside and outside, and closed from inside, the liferaft so as to permitventilation but exclude seawater, wind and cold. Liferafts accommodating more than eight persons shall have at least two diametrically opposite entrances;.4 it shall admit sufficient air for the occupants at all times,even with the entrances closed;.5 it shall be provided with at least one viewing port;.6 it shall be provided with means for collecting rain water; .7 it shall be provided with means to mount a survival craft radar transponder at a height of at least 1 m above the sea; and .8 it shall havesufficient headroom for sitting occupants under all parts of the canopy.4.1.2 Minimum carrying capacity and mass of liferafts4.1.2.1 No liferaft shall be approved which has a carrying capacityof less than six persons calculated in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 4.2.3 or 4.3.3, as appropriate.4.1.2.2 Unless the liferaft is to be launched by an approvedlaunching appliance complying with the requirements of section 6.1 or is not-side required to be stowed in a position providing for easy side-totransfer, the total mass of the liferaft, its container and its equipment shall not be more than 185 kg.4.1.3 Liferaft fittings4.1.3.1 Lifelines shall be securely becketed around the inside and outside of the liferaft.4.1.3.2 The liferaft shall be fitted with an efficient painter of length equal to not less than 10 m plus the distance from the stowed position to the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition or 15 m whichever is the greater. The breaking strength of the painter system, including its means of attachment to the liferaft, except the weak link required by paragraph 4.1.6, shall be not less than 15 kN for liferafts permitted to accommodate more than 25 persons, not less than 10 kN for liferafts permitted to accommodate 9 to 25 persons and not less than 7.5 kN for any other liferaft.4.1.3.3 A manually controlled lamp shall be fitted to the top of the liferaft canopy. The light shall be white and be capable of operating continuously for at least 12 h with a luminous intensity of not less than 4.3 cd in all directions of the upper hemisphere. However, if the light is a flashing light it shall flash at a rate of not less than 50 flashes and not more than 70 flashes per minute for the 12 h operating period with an equivalent effective luminous intensity. The lamp shall light automatically when the canopy is erected. Batteries shall be of a typethat does not deteriorate due to dampness or humidity in the stowed liferaft.。
Whirlpool 高压洗衣机用户手册说明书
1234: detergent for the main wash, water softener,bleach, stain removerCongratulations ä you have opted for a modern, high-qualitydomestic appliance manufactured by Bosch. This washing machine is distinguished by its economical water and energy consumption.Each machine that leaves our factory has been inspected thoroughly to ensure that it functions properly and is in perfect condition.For further information and a selection of our products go to our web site: You can find the contact details for your nearest after-sales service here or in the after-sales service directory (depending on model),see also Installation Instructions, page 7.–GB 0844 8928979 Calls from a BT landline will be charged at up to 3 pence per minute. A call set-up fee of up to 6 pence may apply.–IE 01450 2655Environmentally friendly waste disposalAll packaging must be disposed of in accordance with environmental guidelines.This appliance is certified in accordance with European Directive 2002/96/EEC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE).This directive provides the framework for the EU-wide collection and reuse of used appliances.ContentsPageʋIntended use .......................................................................................1ʋProgrammes .......................................................................................1ʋSetting and adjusting the programme ...........................................3ʋWashing ...........................................................................................3/4ʋAfter washing ......................................................................................4ʋIndividual settings ..........................................................................5/6ʋImportant information ....................................................................... 6ʋOverview of programmes ................................................................7ʋSafety instructions .............................................................................8ʋConsumption values .........................................................................8ʋCare .....................................................................................................9ʋInformation on the indicator lights ..................................................9ʋMaintenance ....................................................................................10ʋWhat to do if (11): fabric softener, starch Turning the tap offNot required for Aqua-Stop models9Before washing for the first timeDo not load any laundry into the machine. Turn on the tap. Add the following to compartment II Pause). At the end of the programme, turn the programme selector to Spento (Machine housing, control panel–––Cleaning the detergent drawer ...... if it contains detergent or fabric softener residues.1.2.3.Clean the detergent dispenser tray and insert with water and a brush andDescaling Ensure there is no laundry in the machineDescale the appliance according to the descaler manufacturer's instructions. This should not be necessary if the correct dosage of detergent is used.Information on the indicator lights model-dependentA signal sounds and indicator lights for the spin speed flash:¤¤¤¤¤Close the washing machine door properly; laundry may be caught.¤¤¤¤¤Detergent solution pumpblocked; Clean the detergent solution pump –> page 10.Drainage hose/waste pipe blocked; Clean the drainagehose at the siphon –> page 10.¤¤¤¤¤Open the tap completely, supply hose kinked or trapped;Clean the filter –> page 10,Water pressure too low.¤¤¤¤¤Motor fault. Call the after-sales service.¤¤¤¤¤Water in the base tub, appliance leaking. Call theafter-sales service.10Detergent solution pumpTurn the programme selector to 1.2.To prevent unused detergent from flowing straight into the drain during the next wash: pour 1 litre of water into compartment Drainage hose at the siphonTurn the programme selector to 1.2.3.Reattach the drainage hose and secure the connection with the hose clamp.Filter in the water supply1.2.Instruction manual Washing machineenObserve the safety instructions on page 8.Read these instructions and the separate installation instructions before operating the washing machine.12: detergent for the main wash, water softener,bleach, stain removerCongratulations ä you have opted for a modern, high-qualitydomestic appliance manufactured by Bosch. This washing machine is distinguished by its economical water and energy consumption.Each machine that leaves our factory has been inspected thoroughly to ensure that it functions properly and is in perfect condition.For further information and a selection of our products go to our web site: You can find the contact details for your nearest after-sales service here or in the after-sales service directory (depending on model),see also Installation Instructions, page 7.–GB 0844 8928979 Calls from a BT landline will be charged at up to 3 pence per minute. A call set-up fee of up to 6 pence may apply.–IE 01450 2655Environmentally friendly waste disposalAll packaging must be disposed of in accordance with environmental guidelines.This appliance is certified in accordance with European Directive 2002/96/EEC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE).This directive provides the framework for the EU-wide collection and reuse of used appliances.ContentsPageʋIntended use .......................................................................................1ʋProgrammes .......................................................................................1ʋSetting and adjusting the programme ...........................................3ʋWashing ...........................................................................................3/4ʋAfter washing ......................................................................................4ʋIndividual settings ..........................................................................5/6ʋImportant information ....................................................................... 6ʋOverview of programmes ................................................................7ʋSafety instructions .............................................................................8ʋConsumption values .........................................................................8ʋCare .....................................................................................................9ʋInformation on the indicator lights ..................................................9ʋMaintenance ....................................................................................10ʋWhat to do if (11): fabric softener, starch (*model-dependent)Turning the tap offNot required for Aqua-Stop models349Before washing for the first timeDo not load any laundry into the machine. Turn on the tap. Add the following to compartment II Pause). At the end of the programme, turn the programme selector to Spento (Machine housing, control panel–––Cleaning the detergent drawer ...... if it contains detergent or fabric softener residues.1.2.3.Clean the detergent dispenser tray and insert with water and a brush and5.Push in the detergent drawer.Descaling Ensure there is no laundry in the machineDescale the appliance according to the descaler manufacturer's instructions. This should not be necessary if the correct dosage of detergent is used.Information on the indicator lights model-dependentA signal sounds and indicator lights for the spin speed flash:¤¤¤¤¤Close the washing machine door properly; laundry may be caught.¤¤¤¤¤Detergent solution pumpblocked; Clean thedetergent solution pump –> page 10.Drainage hose/waste pipe blocked; Clean the drainagehose at the siphon –> page 10.¤¤¤¤¤Open the tap completely, supply hose kinked or trapped;Clean the filter –> page 10,Water pressure too low.¤¤¤¤¤Motor fault. Call the after-sales service.¤¤¤¤¤Water in the base tub, appliance leaking. Call theafter-sales service.10Detergent solution pumpTurn the programme selector to 1.2.To prevent unused detergent from flowing straight into the drain during the next wash: pour 1 litre of water into compartment Drainage hose at the siphonTurn the programme selector to 1.2.3.Reattach the drainage hose and secure the connection with the hose clamp.Filter in the water supply1.2.Instruction manualWashing machineenObserve the safety instructions on page 8.Read these instructions and the separate installation instructions beforeoperating the washing machine.。
NVIDIA DOCA简单转发VNF参考应用说明书
Reference ApplicationTable of ContentsChapter 1. Introdution (1)Chapter 2. System Design (2)Chapter 3. Application Architecture (5)Chapter 4. Configuration Flow (6)Chapter 5. Running Application on BlueField (8)Chapter 6. Arg Parser DOCA Flags (10)Chapter 7. Running Application on Host (11)Chapter 8. References (12)Chapter 1.IntrodutionSimple forward is a forwarding application which takes VXLAN traffic from a single RX port and transmits it on a single TX port.For a packet received on an RX port, simple forward will create a flow based on the packet’s tunnel and 5-tuples. For the following packets with the same key, simple forward checks the packet’s keys. If it finds that the packet matches the existing flow, then it does not create a new flow. Otherwise, a new flow is created. And then the packets are forwarded on the other port.Simple forward should be run with dual ports. By using a traffic generator, the RX port receives the VXLAN packets and forwarding forwards them back to the traffic generator.Chapter 2.System DesignThe following diagram illustrates simple forward's packet flows. It receives traffic coming from the wire and passes it to the other port.System DesignSystem DesignChapter 3.Application ArchitectureSimple forward first initializes DPDK, after which the application handles the incoming packets.The following diagram illustrates the initialization process.1.Init_DPDK – EAL init, parse argument from command line and register signal.2.Start port – mbuf_create, dev_configure, rx/tx/hairpin queue setup and start the port.3.Simple_fwd INIT – create flow tables, build default forward pipes.The following diagram illustrates how to process the packet.1.Based on the packet's info, find the key values (e.g. src/dst IP, src/dst port, etc).2.Traverse the inner flow tables, check if the keys exist or not.‣If yes, update inner counter‣If no, a new flow table is added and new pipes are configured on the DPU3.Forward the packet to the other port.Chapter 4.Configuration Flow1.Parse application argument.arg_parser_init();a).Initialize arg parser resources.b).Register DOCA general flags.register_simple_fwd_params();c).Register simple fwd application flags.arg_parser_start();d).Parse DPDK flags and call rte_eal_init() function.e).Parse APP flags.2.DPDK port initialization and start.dpdk_init();a).Initialize DPDK ports.b).Create mbuf pool using rte_pktmbuf_pool_createc).Driver initialization – use rte_eth_dev_configure to configure the number of queuesd).Rx/Tx queue initialization – use rte_eth_rx_queue_setup andrte_eth_tx_queue_setup to initialize the queuese).Rx hairpin queue initialization – use rte_eth_rx_hairpin_queue_setup to initializethe queuesf).Start the port using rte_eth_dev_start3.Simple forward initialization.simple_fwd_init();a).simple_fwd_create_ins - create flow tables using simple_fwd_ft_createb).simple_fwd_init_ports_and_pipes – initialize DOCA port usingsimple_fwd_init_doca_port and build default pipes for each port.4.Main loop.simple_fwd_process_pkts();a).Receive packets using rte_eth_rx_burst in a loopb).Process packets using simple_fwd_process_offloadc).Transmit the packets on the other port by calling rte_eth_tx_burst. Or free thepacket mbuf if rx_only is set to true.5.Process packets.simple_fwd_process_offload();Configuration Flowa).Parse the packet's rte_mbuf using simple_fwd_pkt_info.b).Handle the packet using simple_fwd_handle_packet. If the packet's key doesnot match the existed the flow entry, create a new flow entry and PIPE usingsimple_fwd_handle_new_flow. Otherwise, increase the total packet's counter.6.Simple forward destroy.simple_fwd_destroy();7.Simple forward close port.simple_fwd_close_port()Chapter 5.Running Application onBlueField1.Please refer to the DOCA Installation Guide for details on how to install BlueField relatedsoftware.2.To build the applicationa).The simple forward binary is located under /opt/mellanox/doca/examples/simple_fwd_vnf/bin/doca_simple_fwd_vnf. To re-build the simple forwardsample, run the following:cd /opt/mellanox/doca/examples/simple_fwd_vnf/srcmeson /tmp/buildninja -C /tmp/builddoca_simple_fwd_vnf will be created under tmp/build.b).The build process depends on the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable to locatethe DPDK libraries. If the variable was accidently corrupted, and the build fails, run the following command:‣For Ubuntu:export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/opt/mellanox/dpdk/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig‣For CentOS:export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/opt/mellanox/dpdk/lib64/pkgconfigc).The simple forward example is based on DPDK libraries. Therefore, the user isrequired to provide DPDK flags, and allocate huge pages. Run:echo 1024 > /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepagessudo mkdir /mnt/hugesudo mount -t hugetlbfs nodev /mnt/huge3.Pre-run setup.The simple forward example is based on DPDK libraries. Therefore, the user is required to provide DPDK flags, and allocate huge pages. Run:echo 1024 > /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages4.To run the application:Usage: doca_simple_forward_vnf [DPDK Flags] -- [DOCA Flags] [Program Flags]DOCA Flags:-h, --help Print a help synopsis-l, --log-level Set the log level for the app <CRITICAL=0,DEBUG=4>Program Flags:-t, --stats-timer <time> Set interval to dump stats informationRunning Application on BlueField-q, --nr-queues <num> Set queues number-r, --rx-only Set rx only-o, --hw-offload Set hw offload-hq, --hairpinq Set forwarding to hairpin queue-a, --age-thread Start thread do agingFor example:/opt/mellanox/doca/examples/simple_fwd_vnf/bin/doca_simple_fwd_vnf -aauxiliary:mlx5_core.sf.4 -a auxiliary:mlx5_core.sf.5 -- --nr-queues 4 --stats-timer 2Using a JSON file:doca_simple_fwd_vnf --json [json_file]For example:/opt/mellanox/doca/examples/simple_fwd_vnf/bin/doca_simple_fwd_vnf --json /root/ simple_fwd_params.jsonNote: SFs must be enabled according to Scalable Function Setup Guide.Note: The flag -a auxiliary:mlx5_core.sf.4 -a auxiliary:mlx5_core.sf.5 ismandatory for proper usage of the application. Modifying this flag will result unexpectedbehavior as only 2 ports are supported. The SF number is arbitrary and configurable.For additional information on available flags for DPDK, use -h before the -- separator:/opt/mellanox/doca/examples/simple_fwd_vnf/bin/doca_simple_fwd_vnf -hFor additional information on the app, use -h after the -- separator:/opt/mellanox/doca/examples/simple_fwd_vnf/bin/doca_simple_fwd_vnf -- -hChapter 6.Arg Parser DOCA Flags Refer to NVIDIA DOCA Arg Parser User Guide for more information.Chapter 7.Running Application onHostRefer to section "Running DOCA Application on Host" in NVIDIA DOCA Virtual Functions User Guide.Chapter 8.References‣/opt/mellanox/doca/examples/simple_fwd_vnf/src/simple_fwd_vnf.cNoticeThis document is provided for information purposes only and shall not be regarded as a warranty of a certain functionality, condition, or quality of a product. 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