翻译文档(1)
翻译练习 (1)
翻译练习：动与静1.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
2.The whole devastating experience sharpened my appreciation of the world around me.经过这场灾难，我觉得人生更有乐趣了。
3.For twenty years we were passive witness to the deterioration of prices of our raw materialsand an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨。
4.To Henry Kissinger,for whose wise counsel and dedicated services far beyond the call of duty I shall always remain grateful.From his friend, Richard Nixon 赠给亨利·基辛格：善进良策，献身尔职逾于所司，永志不渝。
（精于良言、鞠躬尽瘁、逾于所司，永至不忘。
）你的朋友：理查德·尼克松5.这次十一届三中全会开得好。
（《邓小平文选》）First, about this session.It is a highly important one and has been very successful, as successful as the Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party.第一个问题，这次全会很重要，开得非常好。
基础汉译英(一)
10句
翻译1：经常做运动会提高人的自信
经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。
翻译2：依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力（mental arithmetic）。
过度依赖计算器可能会对人们的心算能力有负面影响，对孩子的智力发展有威胁。
翻译3：很多女孩都不愿意在男人居多的行业里（male-dominated world）找工作。
很多女孩不愿意在男人为大多数的行业找工作，因为她们会面临在高职位升迁中的阻碍。
翻译4：环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。
环境问题比如温室气体的发放已经成为公共关注的焦点，因此一些规则应该被实施来处理这些问题。
翻译5：家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。
家长和老师应该努力去减少孩子看电视的时间，这样会保护孩子的视力，鼓励他们做户外运动。
翻译作业(2)及作业(1)答案
翻译作业（1）答案1.壮族(the Zhuang ethnic minority)是中国人口最多的少数民族，约有1900万人。
With a population of about 19 million, the Zhuang ethnic minority is the largest minority group in China.2.超过90%的壮族人居住在广西，其余分布在云南，广东，贵州和湖南等南方省份。
Over 90 percent of the Zhuang people live in Guangxi while the rest is distributed in southern provinces in China like Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou and Hunan.3.壮族人有自己的语言。
壮语主要分为南北两大方言。
The Zhuang people has its own language which is mainly divided into southern dialect and northern one.4.由于南方地区气候温和，雨量(rainfall)充足，壮族的主要农产品是热带和亚热带(subtropical)作物，如水稻和玉米。
The Zhuang people’s agricultural products are tropical and subtropical crops such as rice and corn due to the mild climate and abundant rainfall in southern China.5.大多数壮族人的日常食物与汉族的并无多大差别。
The daily food of most Zhuang people is of little difference from that of Han people.翻译作业（2）：改革开放政策(the reform and opening up policy)使中国经济迅猛增长，令中国社会发生巨大变化。
英语课文翻译(1)
英语课文翻译Unit1善良之心，久久相依1随着我渐渐长大，当别人看见我和爸爸在一起，我会觉得很尴尬。
他身材矮小，走起路来跛得很厉害。
我们一起走时，他要把手搭在我的肩上才能保持平衡，人们就会盯着我们看。
对这种不必要的注意我觉得非常难堪。
他也许曾注意到，或着觉得烦恼，但他从来没有流露出来。
2要协调我们的步伐并不容易，他(的步子)一瘸一拐的，我(走起来)则缺乏耐心。
因此，我们走路的时候并不怎么说话。
但出发时，他总是说：“你定步伐，我会尽量跟上。
”3我们通常在家和地铁之间来往。
这是他上班的必由之路。
不论生病还是碰到恶劣的天气他都去上班，几乎没有旷过一天工。
即使别人无法上班，他也要去办公室。
对他来说这是一种自豪。
4当地上有冰或雪的时候，即使有人帮忙他也无法走路。
这时，我或者我的姐妹就用孩子玩的雪撬拉着他，穿过纽约布鲁克林的街道，直到地铁的入口处。
一到那儿，他就能紧紧抓住扶手一直走下去，地铁道里比较暖和，下面的楼梯不结冰。
曼哈顿的地铁站正好是他办公楼的地下室，因此除了从布鲁克林我们去接他的地方到回家为止，他都不用再出去。
5一个成年男子要有多少勇气才能承受这种屈辱和压力，我现在想来惊讶不已。
他从没有痛苦或抱怨，他是怎么做到这一步的我感到不可思议。
6他从不把自己当作同情的对象，也从不对更幸运的或更能干的人表示任何嫉妒。
他在别人身上所寻找的是一颗“善心”。
如果他找到了一颗善心，那么有这么颗心的人对他来说就是一位大好人了。
7 由于年龄的增长，我相信那是一种用来判断人的恰当的标准，尽管我还不能精确地知道什么是一颗“善心”。
但是，当我自己没有的时候，我是知道的。
8尽管很多活动我爸爸不能参加，但他还是尽量用某种方式参与。
当本地的一支棒球队发现缺经理的时候，他使它维持下去。
他是一个很懂行的棒球迷，经常带我去埃贝茨球场看布鲁克林的道奇队打球。
他喜欢参加舞会和聚会，就是坐在一旁观看，也很开心。
9有一件事我至今难忘。
一次沙滩聚会上，人们打了起来，每个人都在推推搡搡，拳头你来我往。
翻译作业3(1)
翻译作业31.The secretary was a sweet elderly woman with a sweet voice, who invited me to sit down witha sweet smile and asked me to fill out a form.秘书是一个有甜美嗓音的和善的妇女，她带着甜甜的微笑请我坐下，让我填了一张表格。
2.My ancient jeep was straining up through beautiful countryside when the radiator began toleak, and I was ten miles from the nearest mechanic. The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and a few houses that were scattered here and there.3.我的古董吉普车正吃力的行驶在美丽的乡村，这时，水箱开始漏水了，我离最近的一个汽车修理厂也有10英里的距离。
过热的发动机让我不得不在下一个村子停下来，一个只有一家小店和零星的一些房子的村子。
4.Hardly more than a quarter-century after Henry Luce proclaimed “the American century”,American confidence has fallen to a low ebb. Those who recently dreamed of world power now despair of governing the city of New York. Defeat in Vietnam, economic stagnation, and the impending exhaustion of natural resources have produced a mood of pessimism in higher circles, which spreads through the rest of society as people lose faith in their leaders.在亨利路斯宣布“美国世纪”之后不到25年的时间里。
物联网中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文资料外文翻译Internet of Things1.the definition of connotationThe English name of the Internet of Things The Internet of Things, referred to as: the IOT.Internet of Things through the pass, radio frequency identification technology, global positioning system technology, real-time acquisition of any monitoring, connectivity, interactive objects or processes, collecting their sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, the location of a variety of the information you need network access through a variety of possible things and things, objects and people in the Pan-link intelligent perception of items and processes, identification and management. The Internet of Things IntelliSense recognition technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network integration application, known as the third wave of the world's information industry development following the computer, the Internet. Not so much the Internet of Things is a network, as Internet of Things services and applications, Internet of Things is also seen as Internet application development. Therefore, the application of innovation is the core of the development of Internet of Things, and 2.0 of the user experience as the core innovation is the soul of Things.2.The meaning of "material"Where the "objects" to meet the following conditions can be included in the scope of the "Internet of Things":1. Receiver have the appropriate information;2. Have a data transmission path;3. Have a certain storage capabilities;4. To have the CPU;5．To have the operating system;6. Have specialized applications;7. Have a data transmitter;8. Follow the communication protocol of Things;9. World Network, a unique number that can be identified.3. "Chinese style" as defined inInternet of Things (Internet of Things) refers to is the ubiquitous (Ubiquitous) terminal equipment (Devices) and facilities (Facilities), including with the "inner intelligence" sensors, mobile terminals, industrial systems, floor control system, the family of Intelligentfacilities, video surveillance systems, and external can "(Enabled), such as RFID, a variety of assets (the Assets), personal and vehicle carrying the wireless terminal" intelligent objects or animals "or" smart dust "(the Mote), through a variety of wireless and / or cable over long distances and / or short-range communication networks to achieve interoperability (M2M), application integration (the Grand Integration), and based on cloud computing, SaaS operation mode, in internal network (intranet), private network (extranet), and / or the Internet (Internet) environment, the use of appropriate information security mechanisms to provide a safe, controlled and even personalized real-time online monitoring, retrospective positioning, alarm linkage, command and control plan management, remote control, security, remote repair and maintenance, online upgrades, statistical reporting, decision support, the leadership of the desktop (showcase of the Cockpit Dashboard) management and service functions, "Everything," "efficient, energy saving, security environmental protection, "" possession, control, Camp integration [1].4.EU definitionIn September 2009, the Internet of Things and enterprise environments held in Beijing, China-EU Seminar on the European Commission and Social Media Division RFID Division is responsible for Dr. Lorent Ferderix, given the EU's definition of things: the Internet of Things is a dynamic global network infrastructure, it has a standards-based and interoperable communication protocols, self-organizing capabilities, including physical and virtual "objects" of identity, physical attributes, virtual features and smart interface and seamless integration of information networks .Internet of Things Internet and media, the Internet and business Internet one, constitute the future of the Internet.5．changeThe Internet of Things (Internet of Things) the word universally recognized at home and abroad Ashton, Professor of the MIT Auto-ID Center in 1999 first proposed to study RFID. The report of the same name released in 2005, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the definition and scope of the Internet of Things has been a change in the coverage of a larger expansion, no longer refers only to the Internet of Things based on RFID technology.Since August 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao put forward the "Experience China" Internet of Things was officially listed as a national one of the five emerging strategic industries, to write the "Government Work Report" Internet of Things in China has been the great concern of the society as a whole degree of concern is unparalleled in the United States, European Union, as well as other countries.The concept of Internet of Things is not so much a foreign concept, as it has been the concept of a "Made in China", his coverage of the times, has gone beyond the scope of the 1999 Ashton professor and the 2005 ITU report referred to, Internet of Things has been labeled a "Chinese style" label.6．BackgroundThe concept of Internet of Things in 1999. Internet-based, RFID technology and EPC standards, on the basis of the computer Internet, the use of radio frequency identification technology, wireless data communication technology, a global items of information to real-time sharing of the physical Internet "Internet of things" (referred to as the Internet of Things) , which is also the basis of the first round of the China Internet of Things boom set off in 2003.The sensor network is built up based on sensing technology network. Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999 on the start sensor network research and has made some achievements in scientific research, the establishment of applicable sensor network.1999, held in the United States, mobile computing and networking International Conference, "The sensor network is a development opportunity facing humanity in the next century. In 2003, the United States, "Technology Review" proposed sensor network technology will be future changes ten people's lives first.November 17, 2005, the WSIS held in Tunis (WSIS), the International TelecommunicationUnion released ITU Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things ", citing the concept of the" Internet of things ". The report pointed out that the ubiquitous "Internet of Things" communication era is approaching, all the objects in the world, from tires to toothbrushes, from housing to the tissue via the Internet, take the initiative to be exchanged. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), sensor technology, nanotechnology, intelligent embedded technology will be more widely used.According to the description of the ITU, the era of things, a short-range mobile transceivers embedded in a variety of daily necessities, human beings in the world of information and communication will receive a new communication dimension, from any time communication between people of the place of connection extended to the communication connection between persons and things and things and things. The Internet of Things concept of the rise, largely due to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the title of Internet of Things 2005 annual Internet Report. However, the ITU report the lack of a clear definition of Things.Domestic Internet of Things is also there is no single standard definition, but the Internet of Things In essence, the Internet of Things is a polymer application of modern information technology to a certain stage of development and technological upgrading of various sensing technology modern network technology and artificial intelligence and automation technology aggregation and integration of applications, so that the human and material wisdom of dialogue to create a world of wisdom. Because the development of the Internet of Things technology, involving almost all aspects of IT, innovative application and development of a polymer, systematic, and therefore be called revolutionary innovation of information industry. Summed up the nature of the Internet of Things is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, the Internet features that need to be networked objects must be able to achieve the interoperability of the Internet; identification and communication features, that is included in the Internet of Things "objects" must to have the functions of automatic identification and physical objects communication (M2M); intelligent features, the network system should have automated, self-feedback and intelligent control features January 28, 2009, Obama became the President of the United States, held with U.S. business leaders a "round table", as one of the only two representatives, IBM CEO Sam Palmisano for the first time that "the wisdom of the Earth" this concept, it is recommended that the new government to invest in a new generation of intelligent infrastructure.February 24, 2009 news, IBM Greater China CEO money crowd called "Smarter Planet"strategy announced in the forum 2009IBM.This concept was put forth, that is the great concern of the United States from all walks of life, and even analysts believe that IBM's vision is very likely to rise to U.S. national strategy, and caused a sensation in the world. IBM believes that the industry, the next phase of the mission is to make full use of the new generation of IT technology in all walks of life among specifically, is the embedded sensors and equipment to the power grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water supply systems dams, oil and gas pipelines and other objects, and is generally connected to the formation of Things.Strategy conference, IBM, and implant the concept of "wisdom" in the implementation of the infrastructure, strong, not only in the short term to stimulate the economy, promote employment, and in a short period of time for China to build a mature wisdom infrastructure platform.IBM "Smarter Planet" strategy will set off again after the wave of Internet technology industrial revolution. Former IBM CEO Lou Gerstner has raised an important point of view, every 15 years, a revolution in computing model. This judgment is the same as Moore's Law accurately call it a "15-year cycle Law". Before and after 1965, changes to the mainframe as a symbol, 1980 marked by the popularization of personal computers, 1995, the Internet revolution. Each such technological change are caused by the enterprise, industry and even the national competitive landscape of major upheaval and change. To a certain extent in the Internet revolution is ripening by the "information superhighway" strategy. 1990s, the Clinton administration plan for 20 years, $ 200 billion to -4000 billion, construction of the U.S. National Information Infrastructure, to create a huge economic and social benefits.Today, the "Smarter Planet" strategy by many Americans that there are many similarities with the "information superhighway", the same they revive the economy, a key strategy for competitive advantage. The strategy can be set off, not only for the United States, such as the Internet revolution was the wave of technological and economic concern, more attention from the world."Internet of Things prospects are very bright, it will dramatically change our current way of life." Demonstration director of the Center of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Electrical and Electronic Zhao Guoan said. Industry experts said that the Internet of things to our life personification of the things became a kind of human.Goods (goods) in the world of physical objects associated with each other "exchange", without the need for human intervention.The Internet of Things using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and information through the computer Internet. It can be said that the Internet of Things depict the world is full of intelligent. In the world of Internet of Things, material objects connected to the dragnet.The second session, held at Peking University in November 2008, China Mobile Government Seminar "Knowledge Society and Innovation 2.0", the experts made the mobile technology, the Internet of Things technology led to the development of economic and social form, innovative forms of change, and promote the The next generation of innovation for the knowledge society as the core of user experience (innovative 2.0) the formation of innovation and development of the form to pay more attention to the user to focus on people-oriented. Research institutions is expected to 10 years, the Internet of Things may be mass adoption of this technology will develop into one of thousands of yuan-scale high-tech market, the industry than the Internet 30 times.It is learned that the things industry chain can be broken down into the identity, perception, processing and information transfer, four links, each link of the key technologies for the wireless transmission network of RFID, sensors, smart chip and telecom operators. EPOSS in the "Internet of Things in 2020" report, an analysis predicted that the future development of the Internet of Things will go through four stages, 2010, RFID is widely used in the field of logistics, retail and pharmaceutical objects interconnect 2010 to 2015, 2015 ~ In 2020, the object into the semi-intelligent, intelligent objects into 2020.As the vanguard of the Internet of Things, RFID has become the most concerned about the technology market. The data show that the global RFID market size in 2008 from $ 4.93 billion in 2007 rose to $ 5.29 billion, this figure covers all aspects of the RFID market, including tags, readers and other infrastructure, software and services. RFID card and card-related infrastructure will account for 57.3 percent of the market, reaching $ 3.03 billion. Application from financial and security industries will drive the market growth of RFID cards. Analysys International forecasts, the Chinese RFID market size in 2009 will reach 5.0 billion, a CAGR of 33%, in which the electronic tag is more than 3.8 billion yuan, the reader close to 700 million yuan, software and services market to reach 500 million yuan pattern.MEMS is the abbreviation of the micro-electromechanical systems, MEMS technology is built on the basis of micro / nano, the market prospect is broad. The main advantage of the MEMS sensoris the small size, large-scale mass production cost reduction, mainly used in two major areas of automotive and consumer electronics. Under ICInsight the latest report is expected in 2007-2012, global sales of semiconductor sensors and actuators based on MEMS will reach 19 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR), compared with $ 4.1 billion in 2007 to five years will achieve $ 9.7 billion in annual sales.7．PrincipleInternet of Things is on the basis of the computer Internet, RFID, wireless data communications technology, to construct a cover everything in the world's "Internet of Things". In this network, the goods (products) to each other "exchange", without the need for human intervention. Its essence is the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and information through the computer Internet.The Internet of Things is a very important technology is radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. RFID is radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification) technology abbreviation, is an automatic identification technology in the 1990s began to rise, the more advanced a non-contact identification technology. The development of RFID technology based on a simple RFID system, combined with existing network technology, database technology, middleware technology, to build a one composed by a large number of networked readers and numerous mobile label, much larger than the Internet of Things trend.RFID, It is able to let items "speak" a technique. In the "Internet of Things" concept, RFID tags are stored in the specification and interoperability information collected automatically by wireless data communications network to a central information system, to achieve the identification of goods (products), and then through the open computer network for information exchange and sharing, items "transparent" management.The information technology revolution in the Internet of Things is referred to as IT mobile Pan of a specific application. Internet of Things through IntelliSense, identification technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network convergence applications, breaking the conventional thinking before, human beings can achieve ubiquitous computing and network connectivity [3]. The traditional thinking has been the separation of physical infrastructure and IT infrastructure: on the one hand, airports, roads, buildings, while on the other hand, the data center, PC, broadband. In theera of the "Internet of Things", reinforced concrete, cable with the chip, broadband integration into a unified infrastructure, in this sense, the infrastructure is more like a new site of the Earth, the world really works it, which including economic management, production operation, social and even personal life. "Internet of Things" makes it much more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to manage the future of the city to achieve the status of "wisdom" to improve resource utilization and productivity levels, and improve the relationship between man and nature. 8．Agency1, institution-buildingAs the first national Internet of Things industry community organizations - the application of professional Committee of China Electronic Chamber of Things technology products (referred to as: "objects of the IPCC"), the Ministry of Civil Affairs in June 2010, preliminary approved by the Ministry of August being reported that the Ministry of Civil Affairs for final approval.2, the main taskServe as a bridge between business and government to assist the Government of the industry guidance, coordination, consultation and services to help members to reflect the business requirements to the Government; coordinate the relationship between enterprises to strengthen technical cooperation, product distribution, the elimination of vicious competition ; supervision of members the correct implementation of national laws and regulations, to regulate the industry; member of information communication technology products, cooperation, resource sharing, capital operation, and promote the application of Internet of Things technologies and products, and promote the Internet of Things industrial scale , co-development.9．ConstructionInternet of Things in the practical application to carry out requires the involvement of all walks of life, and need the guidance of the national government as well as related regulations and policies to assist the launching of the Internet of Things has the scale, broad participation, management, technical, and material properties, etc. other features, the technical problem is the most crucial issues of Things billion Bo logistics consulting, Internet of Things technology is an integrated technology, a system not yet which company has overall responsibility for network planning and construction of the entire system, theoretical studies have commenced in all walks of life and the practical application is limited to within the industry. The key is on the planning and design andresearch and development of the Internet of Things research in the field of RFID, sensors, embedded software, and transmission of data calculation. In general, to carry out the steps of the Internet of things mainly as follows:(1) identified the object attributes, properties, including static and dynamic properties of the static property can be stored directly in the label, the dynamic properties need to start with sensors to detect real-time;(2) the need to identify the equipment to complete the reading of object attributes, and information into a data format suitable for network transmission;(3) the object of information transmitted over the network to the information processing center (processing center may be distributed, such as home computers or mobile phones, may also be centralized, such as China Mobile IDC) by the processing center to complete the object communication calculation.10．key areasInternet of Things 4 key areas:(1) RFID;(2) sensor network;(3) The M2M;(4) integration of the two.11.TrendIndustry experts believe that the Internet of things on the one hand can improve economic efficiency and significant cost savings; the other hand, can provide technical impetus to global economic recovery. Currently, the United States, the European Union are all invested heavily in-depth study to explore the Internet of Things. The country is also highly concerned about the emphasis of Things, Industry and Information Technology Ministry in conjunction with the relevant departments are conducting research in a new generation of IT to the formation of policies and measures to support the development of a new generation of IT.China Mobile CEO Wang Jianzhou has repeatedly mentioned the Internet of Things will become the focus of future development of China Mobile. He will be invited to Taiwan to produce RFID, sensors and bar code manufacturers and China Mobile. According to him, the use of the Internet of Things technology, Shanghai Mobile has a number of industrial customers tailor the datacollection, transmission, processing and business management in one set of wireless application solutions. The latest data show that Shanghai Mobile has more than 100,000 chips mounted on a taxi, bus, various forms of matter networking applications in all walks of prowess, to ensure the orderly operation of the city. During the Shanghai World Expo, "the bus services through" will be fully applied to the Shanghai public transport system, the smooth flow traffic to the most advanced technology to protect Expo area; for logistics transportation management, e-logistics ", will provide users with real-time accurate information of Cargo, vehicle tracking and positioning, the transport path selection, logistics network design and optimization services greatly enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of logistics enterprises.In addition, the popularization of the "Internet of Things" for the number of animals, plants and machinery, sensors and RFID tags of items and related interface devices will greatly exceed the number of mobile phones. The promotion of the Internet of Things will become a drive to promote economic development for the industry to open up a potential development opportunities. According to the current demand on the Internet of Things, in recent years, billions of sensors and electronic tags, which will greatly promote the production of IT components, while increasing the number of job opportunities.According to reports, it is necessary to truly build an effective Internet of things, there are two important factors. First, the scale, only with the scale to make the items of intelligence play a role. For example, a city of one million vehicles, if we only 10000 vehicles installed on the smart system, it is impossible to form an intelligent transportation system; two mobility items are usually not static, but in the state of the movement , we must maintain the items in the state of motion, and even high-speed motion state can at any time for dialogue.FORRESTER of the authority of the U.S. advisory body predicted that 2020, the world of business of the Internet of Things, compared with the business of interpersonal communication, will reach 30 to 1, so the "Internet of Things" is known to be the next one trillion communications services.Internet of Things heat wave Why is rapidly growing in China? Internet of Things in China rapid rise thanks to the several advantages of our country in terms of things.In the early 1999 launched the Internet of Things core sensor network technology research, R & D level in the world; the second, sensor network field in the world, China is the standard one ofthe dominant country, the patent owner; third China is one of the countries to achieve a complete industrial chain of Things; Fourth, China's wireless communications network and broadband coverage provides a solid infrastructure to support the development of the Internet of Things; Fifth, China has become the world's first the three major economies, with strong economic strength to support the development of the Internet of Things.12.MythThe current understanding of the Internet of things there are a lot of misunderstanding, which is also a direct impact on our understanding of Things on the development of the logistics industry, it is necessary first to distinguish errors, clarify our thinking.One sensor networks or RFID network equivalent of Things. The fact that sensor technology, or RFID technology, or are simply one of the information collection technology. In addition to the sensor technology and RFID technology, GPS, video recognition, infrared, laser, scanning can be achieved automatically identify physical objects to communicate technical information collection technology can become the Internet of Things. Sensor networks or RFID network is just an application of Things, but not all of Things.Second, the Internet of Things as a myriad of unlimited extension of the Internet of Things as a completely open for all things, all of the interconnections, all shared Internet platform.In fact, the Internet of Things is not simple infinite extension of the global sharing of the Internet. Even if the Internet is also not only refers to we typically think of the international sharing computer network, Internet, WAN and LAN. Internet of Things can be both an extension of our usual sense of the Internet to the matter; LAN, professional can also be based on real needs and industrial applications. The reality is not necessary and can not make all the items networking; no need to make professional, LAN must be connected to the global Internet sharing platform. Of things in the future the Internet will be very different from the professional network of similar smart logistics, smart transportation, smart grid; the intelligence community and other local area network is the largest use of space.Ter, that the ubiquitous network of the Internet of Things Internet of Things, and therefore the Internet of Things is a castle in the air, is difficult to achieve the technology. In fact the Internet of things are real, many of the primary Internet of Things applications already for our services. The Internet of Things concept is introduced in many real-world applications based on polymericintegrated innovation, pre-existing network with the Internet of Things, intelligent, automated system, summarized and upgrading it upgraded from a higher perspective our knowledge.Four of Things as a basket, and everything installed inside; based on self-awareness, and only be able to interact, communication products as the Internet of Things applications. For example, just embedded some of the sensors, to become the so-called Internet of Things appliances; products labeled with RFID tags, became the Internet of Things applications.esThings widely used throughout the intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government, public safety, peace at home, smart fire, industrial monitoring, environmental monitoring, elderly care, personal health, floriculture, water monitoring, food traceability, enemy detection and intelligence collection and other fields.International Telecommunication Union in 2005, a report has portrayed the picture of the era of the "Internet of Things": car when the driver operational errors will automatically alarm; briefcase will remind the owner forgot something; clothes will "tell" washing machine color and water temperature requirements. Billion Bo logistics consulting vivid introduction of Things in the logistics field, for example, a logistics company, application of Things truck, when loading overweight, the car will automatically tell you overloaded and overload how many, but the space remaining , the severity of goods with how to tell you; when handling staff unloading a cargo packaging may be shouting "throw you hurt me", or "My dear, you do not get too barbaric, you can?"; when the driver and others gossip, trucks will pretend boss's voice roaring "stupid, the grid!Internet of things to make full use of a new generation of IT technology in all walks of life among, specifically, is embedded sensors and equipment to the power grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines, etc.kinds of objects, and then "Internet of Things" with the existing Internet to integrate and realize the integration of human society and the physical system, which in this integrated network, there is the ability to super-powerful central computer cluster, integrated network staff implementation of real-time management and control of the machinery, equipment and infrastructure, on this basis, the human can be more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to achieve the status of the "wisdom", to improve resource utilization and productivity levels, and improve human the relationship between the natural.。
2019年《吴既赦越越王勾践反国》原文及翻译-实用word文档 (1页)
2019年《吴既赦越越王勾践反国》原文及翻译-实用word文档
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！
== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==
《吴既赦越越王勾践反国》原文及翻译
一、原文：
吴既赦越，越王勾践反国，乃苦身焦思，置胆于坐，坐卧即仰胆，饮食亦尝胆也。
曰：“女忘会稽之耻邪？”身自耕作，夫人自织；食不加肉，衣不重采；
折节下贤人，厚遇宾客；振贫吊死，与百姓同其劳。
终灭吴。
——节选自《史记》
二、翻译：
吴王赦免了越王以后，（让他回了越国），越王勾践时时刻刻想着如何复国，
于是就每天让自己的身体劳累，让自己焦虑地思索，还把一个苦胆挂在座位上面，每天坐下休息、躺下睡觉之前都要看苦胆，吃饭喝水之前也要先尝尝苦胆。
他常常对自己说：“你难道已经忘记了在会稽山上所受的耻辱了吗？”他亲自
到田间种地，他的夫人穿自己织的布做成的衣服。
他吃的每顿饭里几乎没有肉菜，穿的衣服没有鲜艳的颜色。
他对待贤明的人毕恭毕敬，对待宾客厚礼相赠，扶助贫困的人，哀悼死难的人，和百姓们一同劳苦工作。
最后终于打败了吴国。
三、有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚，苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲
可吞吴。
一些中药的英语翻译(1)(1)
Translation翻译 (1)
Key to Section A
The buttered tea takes tea as its main material mixed with some other food, so one will find various tastes when drinking it. The tea not only can warm up one’s body, but also can nourish the drinker. There is a set of rules to follow when one visits a Tibetan family and is invited to drink the buttered tea. One cannot drink up the whole bowl of tea in one breath, but lick the mushy tea while drinking it. The hospitable host often keeps the guests’ bowl filled up; so don’t touch the bowl if you don’t want to drink the tea. If you have enough and cannot drink anymore, you may leave the bowl there for the moment and drink up the tea when you’re leaving. Only one follows these rules in line with the customs and manners of the Tibetans can she/he receive a warm welcome from them.
翻译格式体例说明(1)
编写格式说明一、标题层次或体例1.常用的格式如下所示：第* 章***** （居中，二号字）第* 节***** （居中，三号）一、********* （居中，四号）（一）*********（靠边，前空两字，四号）1．****** ********** （靠边，前空两字，四号）（1）*******：********** （靠边，前空两字，小四号）1）*******：*********** （靠边，前空两字，小四号）①******；②*********；③*********。
（接正文，不作为一级标题，常用于正文接排，或表注）2.注意标题需顺次使用，不能小标题套大标题各章节的标题层次力求一致，以保持全书稿结构的平衡标题层次不宜过细、过繁琐个别章节内容较少时，可越级使用标题，如一级标题后径用三级标题。
3.必须要一致的格式全书的图号、表号、公式、例题的表达方式应一致。
如：图6-1，表6-1，式（6-1），例6-1，等等。
4.字体：使用Times New Roman，标题加黑；图表头使用五号字。
5.标点：规范使用标点符号，避免中、英标点混用。
二、图和表格1.一般用“三线表”，表必须有表号、表题，在正文内须标明出处。
2.表格请用Execl或Word排版。
不要按正文方式录入文字后，再单独绘线，也不要将表格扫描后以图片形式插入。
3.图和表以章为序编号。
4.图的标题在图下方居中，表头在表格上方居中。
5.正文中引用图表的位置要注明，格式如（见表1-3）三、参考文献、索引参考文献列于每章、节后，格式采取顺序编码制。
引用文献需要在正文引用位置以序号上标形式标出，文后附引用文章列表；引文列表字号采用5号字，英文Times New Roman。
翻译(1)
1: 9美金的价格实在是太低了，我估计没有哪个厂家可以做的到，我报价给您的10.45美金的价格已经是最低了，都只能维持工人的工资，我们也很像和您合作，但是我们真的无能为力，希望能理解我们，The price of 9 dollars is too low, and I think that no manufacturers can make the products in this price, 10.45 dollars is the lowest price that we can quote, which is only enough for workers ' wages. We really look forward to cooperating with you, but we really can't quote the price lower, we sincerely hope that you can understand us. 2: 足球门的样品已经做好了，但是我们发现了一些问题，足球网的组装非常困难，所以我们需要进行一些修改，可能还需要2-3天的时间，The samples of the soccer ball goal have been manufactured, but we found some problems. The assembling of the soccer ball net is very difficult, so we need to make some modification. It takes about 2 or 3 days for us to finish the modification.3：请收附档重新报价和照片，我们现在对之前的产品进行了一些改正，价格要比之前低很多，如果有需要，请随时联系我们，谢谢！Please see the attached quotation and photograph of the products, we have made some modifications on the previous products. The price is much lower than before. If you have any need, please feel free to contact us anytime.4：请问我们的报价是否有什么问题，如果有任何问题，还望及时给我们联系，谢谢！We wonder if there is any problems with our quotation, if you think there is some problems, please contact us in time. Thank you very much!。
英汉翻译(一)--翻译概论
翻译的形式
It is sometimes said that there is no task more complex than translation—a claim that can be readily believed when all the variables involved are taken into account. Translators not only need to know their source language well; they must also have a thorough understanding of the field of knowledge covered by the source text, and of any social, cultural, or emotional connotations that need to be specified in the target language if the intended effect is to be conveyed. The same special awareness needs to be present for the target language, so that points of special phrasing , local (e.g. regional) expectations, and so on, can all be taken into account.
Etymologically, “translate” is derived from the Latin word translatus, “ carried over.” Translatus is the past participle of transferre. If divided into trans and ferre, we can see the proximity of the word to dia and peherein. The Latin term ferre means “to carry” or “ to transport” as in carrying a shield, and was often used to mean to bear or convey with the notion of motion （Homer）, as in ships borne by the forces of wind. If also meant to endure, to suffer, as in to bear a mental burden… (Gentzler, 2001:166)
【优质文档】文言文神翻译-实用word文档 (1页)
【优质文档】文言文神翻译-实用word文档本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==文言文神翻译& nbsp ;原文：吾辈凡夫，生存在功利社会，终日忙忙碌碌，为柴米油盐所困，酒色财气所惑，既有追求，又有烦恼，若想做到从心所欲，难矣哉!乍一看，感觉好难，该从哪儿下手呢?有点找不着北的节奏。
& ldquo ;柴米油盐、& ldquo ;酒色财气这是要翻译出各自对等的事物么?那么该怎么翻译呢?给你两个译文版本，你来选择哪个更牛：译文一It is hardly possible , if not impossible , for common folks tofollow their mind while living in such a hectic , materialistic world where one struggles to meet subsistence needs while fighting off sensual temptations and deals with a perplexing mix of lofty aspirations and worldly distractions .译文二We ordinary people , living in a utilitarian - oriented society , rush about all day long , vexed by daily necessities like fuel ,rice , cooking oil and salt , and tempted by cardinal vices such as wine , women , avarice and pride . What an immense difficulty to follow our hearts & rsquo ; desire in the face of conflicts between pursuits and cares .专家点评：1. 该句第一眼看去似乎难以驾驭，但是如果抓到句子的核心信息，做到轻重有别就不难处理了。
俄文中文翻译
俄文中文翻译语言是沟通的桥梁，将俄文准确翻译为中文，不仅有助于促进中俄文化交流，还能帮助广大读者更好地理解和掌握这门美丽的语言。
以下是一份精心准备的俄文中文翻译文档，希望对您有所帮助。
一、常用俄文短语翻译1.Здравствуйте! ——您好！2.Спасибо！——谢谢！3.Пожалуйста.——请。
4.Извините.——对不起。
5.До свидания! ——再见！二、俄文日常用语翻译1.Как дела? ——你好吗？Отлично, спасибо.А у тебя? ——很好，谢谢。
你呢？2.Какая сегодня погода? ——今天天气怎么样？Сегодня погода хорошая.——今天天气很好。
3.Что вы делаете? ——你在做什么？Я читаю книгу.——我在看书。
4.Какой сегодня день? ——今天星期几？Сегодня воскресенье.——今天星期日。
三、俄文情感表达翻译1.Я тебя люблю.——我爱你。
2.Я рад видеть тебя.——我很高兴见到你。
3.Мне тебя скучно.——我想念你。
4.Я расстроен(-а).——我很沮丧。
四、俄文商务用语翻译1.Будем ли мы иметь сессию сегодня? ——我们今天会有会议吗？2.Мы можем обсудить контрактные условия? ——我们可以讨论合同条款吗？3.Какова цена вашего товара? ——你们的产品价格是多少？4.Мы сможем получить скидку? ——我们可以获得折扣吗？通过以上俄文中文翻译，希望您对俄语有更深入的了解。
在学习过程中，请务必注意语境和实际运用，这样才能更好地掌握这门语言。
英语翻译(1)解析
UNIT11. He has let me use his house to put on fund-raising events to raise money for youth at risk programs.他把住宅借给我举办募捐活动，为问题青少年项目筹备基金。
2. Then he drew a detailed floor pian for a 4,000-square-foot house that would sit on a 200-acre dream ranch.在这个200英亩的梦想农场中他要建一个4000平方英尺的房子，并且画了一个详细的平面图。
3. He put a great deal of his heart into the project and the next day he handed it in to his teacher.他花了好大心血把文章写完，第二天交给了老师。
4. The boy with the dream went to see the teacher after class and asked,“Why did I receive an F?”这个满怀梦想的男孩下课后去见了老师，问道：“您为什么不给我及格？”5. Finally,after sitting with it for a week ,the boy turned in the same paper,making no changes at all.男孩整整想了一个礼拜，最后又把原稿一字未改地交给了老师。
1. I rewrote the last two paragraphs(我重写了最后两段)to make my paper better.2. If you have unrealistic expectations(如果你怀有不切实际的期望),they will rarely be met.3. The club decided to take a hand in youth at risk programs(为问题青少年项目出一份力)。
2019-《秦风·无衣》原文及翻译-实用word文档 (1页)
2019-《秦风·无衣》原文及翻译-实用word文档本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==《秦风·无衣》原文及翻译语文网小编给各位考生筛选整理了:诗经中《秦风·无衣》原文，《秦风·无衣》原文翻译，诗经的来源，希望对大家有所帮助，更多的资讯请持续关注语文网。
一、《秦风·无衣》原文岂曰无衣？与子同袍。
王于兴师，修我戈矛。
与子同仇！岂曰无衣？与子同泽。
王于兴师，修我矛戟。
与子偕作！岂曰无衣？与子同裳。
王于兴师，修我甲兵。
与子偕行！二、《秦风·无衣》原文翻译谁说我们没衣穿？与你同穿那长袍。
君王发兵去交战，修整我那戈与矛，杀敌与你同目标。
谁说我们没衣穿？与你同穿那内衣。
君王发兵去交战，修整我那矛与戟，出发与你在一起。
谁说我们没衣穿？与你同穿那战裙。
君王发兵去交战，修整甲胄与刀兵，杀敌与你共前进。
三、诗经由来《诗经》约成书于春秋中期，起初叫做《诗》，孔子曾多次提及此称，如：“《诗》三百，一言以蔽之，曰：‘思无邪’”。
“诵《诗》三百，授之以政，不达；使于四方，不能专对。
虽多，亦奚以为？”司马迁记载的也是这一名称，如：“《诗》三百篇，大抵贤圣发愤之所为作也。
”因为后来传世的版本中共记载有311首，为了叙述方便，就称作“诗三百”。
之所以改称《诗经》，是由于汉武帝以《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》为五经的缘故。
提示:以上是诗经中《秦风·无衣》原文，《秦风·无衣》原文翻译，诗经由来，语文网所提供的所有考试信息仅供考生及家长参考，敬请考生及家长以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。
英语10个单元课文翻译完整版(1)
大二下英语课文翻译Unit1 readingA中国神话，指的是在中国目前的地理范围内，历史上记载和传播的神话主体。
它不仅要包括汉人传播的神话，也要包括生活在这一广大地区的其他五十五个民族传播的神话。
由于几乎每个民族都有自己的神话神，都有自己的创作故事，所以没有一个系统的、完整的、同质的“中国神话”被全体中国人所掌握和传播。
即使在汉人中间，也没有一个完整的神话体系。
关于古代神话的最早书面记录可以追溯到大约3000年前，尽管在贝壳、骨头和青铜器上可能与神话有关的其他形式的设计和绘画出现的时间可能更早。
最近，研究人员发现了一件名为“遂公盨”的青铜器。
（遂公是西周中期遂国的一代国君，遂国现在隶属于现在的山东省；“遂公盨”是一件有盖有双耳的古代青铜器；它的功能是作为一个食物容器)，这可以追溯到公元前9世纪或8世纪西周中期。
底部的铭文由98个汉字组成，赞美了神话英雄大禹的成就。
它讲的是天命令大禹治水的故事。
禹走遍了所有的山，砍伐了森林里的树木，加深了海洋和河流，把地球上所有的水都排进了大海。
这一碑文表明，近3000年前，用汉字记录神话的技术已经相对成熟。
此外，它还表明，至少在西周中期，关于禹治洪水的神话早已传播，并已被历史化为一个关于上层社会的大英雄或大君王的传说。
但是这些铭文记录的神话非常简单。
有时，它们所描绘的神话故事很难理解。
因此，中国学者对这些神话的研究主要依靠西周以后的古籍记载的神话故事。
在中国,没有神圣的真经记录神话,信仰,或神圣的历史就像《圣经》或《古兰经》,也有文人,行吟诗人,或萨满(巫师或女巫)收集了口述传统的神话,编译成一个系统和集成的神话,如希腊神话收集的贡献来自于荷马和赫西奥德。
相反，中国古代神话通常以分散的、零碎的形式在各种文字材料中传播。
这些资料来源包括考古学、文学、哲学、地理、历史、巫术、民族志、宗教、民俗等。
许多神话只保存了少数的神话，但也有一些神话保存了比较多的神话，成为中国古代神话的瑰宝。
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学号：200913050126HEBEI UNITED UNIVERSITY毕业设计说明书摘要设计题目：京建公路（唐山段）养护改造工程—K0-K10 段施工图设计学生姓名：刘猛专业班级：09 交通1 班学院：建筑工程学院指导教师：张晋玉讲师2013 年5 月29 日摘要绪论本设计是京建公路（唐山段）养护改造工程—K0 至K10 段施工图设计。
此工程起于龙景关（承唐界）山、杨家河沿村、小寨村，张胖沟、受益店、滦阳镇、矾石峪、张家店,止于胡家店，全长约10 公里。
原路路基宽7.5m，路面宽7m。
现拟建按路基宽10.5m，路面宽10m（沥青混凝土路面）的二级公路标准设计。
主要作了如下工作：采用纬地进行了路线设计、平面设计、纵断面设计、横断面设计以及土石方量计算，接着在路线设计的基础上进行了路基路面设计，包括一般路基设计、路面设计。
项目简介该项目起自龙景关（承唐界）峪、赵庄子、洒河镇、受益店、滦阳镇、矾石峪、张家店，终于胡家店，全长约10 公里。
原路路基宽7.5m，路面宽7m。
原路路面结构为沥青混凝土路面。
现该路路面和基层破坏严重，坑洼不平，严重影响道路的交通运输能力及沿线居民出行。
现拟建按路基宽10.5m，路面宽10m（沥青混凝土路面）的二级公路标准设计。
此二级公路路线设计技术指标为：路基宽度为10 米，双向车道，无中央分隔带，土路肩为2×1.25m，行车道为2×3.75m。
设计速度为40km/h，路线总长10020.045m,起点桩号K0+000.00，终点桩号为K10+020.045。
本设计路线平曲线半径最大为60m，最小为40m，在转角较小的平曲线处，采用不设超高设计，半径最大为800m，最小为600m。
本次纵断面设计设置了 6 个变坡点，全为凹形竖曲线，最大半径为8000m，最小半径为6000m。
平面设计道路选线的目的就是根据道路的性质、地物及其沿线条件，结合平、纵、横三方面因素。
在纸上选定道路中线的位置，而道路选线的主要任务是确定道路的具体走向和总体布局，位置和选定道路曲线的要素，通过纸上选线把路线的平面布置下来。
平面线形主要由直线、圆曲线、缓和曲线三种线形组合而成的。
当然三个也可以组合成不同的线形，本设计中主要用到基本型。
设计时要注意和圆曲线相协调、配合，在线形组合和线形美观上产生良好的行车和视觉效果，宜将直线、和曲线、圆曲线之长度比设计成1：1：1。
纵断面设计（1）每隔100m 输入道路上各点的地面高程，生成.HDM 数据，然后画出原道路纵向的地面图。
（2）首先试坡，以“控制点”为依据，考虑平纵结合、挖方、填方以及排水沟设置等众多因素初步拟订坡度线。
然后进行计算。
调坡时应结合选线意图，对照标准所规定的最大纵坡、坡长限制以及平纵线形组合是否得当进行调坡。
路段最大纵坡坡度为1.825%，最小纵坡坡度为0.302%，本路段共设 6 个变坡点。
横断面设计根据《公路工程技术标准JTG B01—2003》规定，二级公路的路基宽度为10.5m。
青混凝土路面设计规范》2% 。
为了抵消车辆在曲线路段上行驶时所产生的离心力，内侧的单向横坡的形式，叫做超高。
超高横坡度在圆曲线上应是与圆曲线半径相适应的全超高，而在缓和曲线上则是逐渐变化的超高。
因此，从直线上的双向横坡渐变到圆曲线上的单向横坡的路段，称作超高缓和段或超高过渡段。
平纵组合设计为了保证汽车行使的安全与舒适，应把道路平、纵、横三面结合作为主体线形来分析研究，平面与纵面线形的协调组合将能在视觉上自然地诱导司机的视线，并保持视觉的连续性，而平曲线在选线时一般要考虑大桥桥位与河流正交，以减少构造物的工程量及设计施工难度，节约经费，减少造价。
路基设计公路横断面设计是根据行车对公路的要求，结合当地的地形、地质、水文等自然条件，来确定横断面的形式、各组成部分的位置及尺寸。
本路采用沥青混凝土路面，路拱横坡度采用 2.0%。
土路肩为宽度为 1.25m，因路肩横坡应比路拱横坡大1%～2%，设计采用土路肩横坡3%。
超高形式采用绕道路中线旋转，对全线进行路基横断面设计。
填方边坡采用1:1.5，挖方边坡为采用1:1.5。
路面设计路面直接承受行驶车辆的作用，是道路工程的重要组成部分，通常都根据车辆行驶的需要，选用优质材料建成。
路基作为路面结构的基础应具有足够的强度和稳定性。
以回弹模量作为评价路基强度与稳定性的力学指标。
坚固的路基，仅是路面强度与稳定性的重要保证，而且能为延长路面使用寿命创造有利条件，所以路基路面的综合设计至为重要。
通过对设计层厚度取整以及设计人员对路面厚度进一步的修改,最后得到路面结构设计为: 细粒式沥青混凝土3 cm，水泥稳定碎石16 cm，下封层，透层油，石灰粉煤灰碎石19 cm，石灰土20 cm。
交叉设计沿线过村镇路段，为方便当地群众的交通、生产、生活，选择了适当的地方设置了平交道口。
被交道的纵坡不宜大于3%，困难地段不宜大于6%，最大纵坡不能大于相应等级公路的容许最大纵坡。
施工方法路线放样前应对全线导线点、水准点进行复测，必须严格按坐标法施工，于路线平、采取有效的保护措施。
本路段应考虑采用挖掘机配合推土机施工，清除表层杂质土采用推土机施工，远运土采用挖掘机配合自卸汽车施工。
对于填方路基压实，一般路堤采用重型压路机碾压，碾压厚度严格按照有关规范执行。
在开工前应先修试验路段，得经验后方可填筑。
挖方路段施工时应尽量避免大、中型爆破。
路基施工前，须将地表植被、垃圾及杂质土清除。
关键词：京建公路(唐山段)；二级公路；沥青混凝土；养护改造AbstractIntroductionThe design is the reconstruction and conservation project of Beijing building highway (Tangshan segment)—the construction drawing design of K0 to K10 segment. The project begins with Long Jingguan (Chengtang Boundary) and ends with Hu Jiadian, via Bazi, Daomazhai Village, SaxiHeqiao Town, Caotou Valley, Yancong Mountain,YangjiaHeyan Village,Xiaozhai Village,Zhangpang Channel, ShouyiDian, Luanyang Town,Fanshi Valley and Zhang Jiadian, with total length of ten kilometers. The roadbed width of the old route is 7.5 meters and the road width is 7 meters. The proposed project is according to secondary road standard, the roadbed width of which is 10.5 meters and the road width is 10 meters (Asphalt Concrete Pavement). The major work is the following: finishing the line design, the graphic design, the vertical alignment design, the cross section design and the earthwork calculations by Hint CAD. What is more, completing the subgrade and pavement design based on the line design.Project ProfileThe project begins with Long Jingguan (Chengtang Boundary) and ends with Hu Jiadian, via Bazi, Daomazhai Village, SaxiHeqiao Town, Caotou Valley, Yancong Mountain,YangjiaHeyan Village,Xiaozhai Village,Zhangpang Channel, ShouyiDian, Luanyang Town,Fanshi Valley and Zhang Jiadian, with total length of ten kilometers. The roadbed width of the old route is 7.5 meters and the road width is 7 meters. The backtrack pavement structure for the asphalt concrete pavement. Now the road pavement and grass-roots undermine uneven, serious impact on road transportation capacity and residents along the trip. Proposed roadbed width of 10m , road width of 7.5m ( Asphalt Concrete Pavement ) , secondary road standards . The two highway route design technical indicators : the roadbed width of 10 meters , two - way lane , median strip , the earth shoulder for 2 × 1.25m carriageway for 2 × 3.75m . A design speed of 40km/h , the route length of 10000m , the starting point Stake of K0+000.00 , the end of Stake for the K10+020.045. This horizontal curve radius of 60m, a minimum of 40m . At some places of the curve,where the corner is small,there is no superelevation, the maximum radius 800m , the minimum radius of 600m.The longitudinal design set 6 point of gradient change ,all are concave vertical curve , theGraphic DesignThe purpose of the road route selection is based on the nature of the road, tasks, grades and standards, combined with geological, surface, terrain and along the conditions , combined with flat, vertical and horizontal three factors . Selected the location of road center line on the paper, the Road Line main task is to determine the specific road direction and the overall layout of the specific set of road intersection position, and selected elements of the road curve, line selection by paper route layout down.Horizontal alignment by a straight line, circular curve to ease the curve of three linear combination formed. Of course, three can be combined into different linear, this design is mainly used in the basic model. The design should pay attention to the circular curve, with a good driving and visual effects on the online form combinations and linear appearance , should be a straight line , the transition curve , the length of the circular curve is designed to 1:1:1 .Longitudinal design(1) to 100m a little latitude to software digital to analog computing debut on the road surface elevation generated. HDM data, and then draw the road the vertical ground diagram.(2) The first test slope control points basis , considering the combination of Horizontal and Vertical , excavation , fill and gutter set , and many other factors are initially developing the slope line . Then be calculated. The tune slope should be combined with the intent of the line selection, control standards required by the maximum longitudinal slope, slope length limit, and Horizontal and Vertical Alignment combination of the adequacy of the tune slope. Maximum longitudinal slope of the sections of 1.094 percents,the minimum longitudinal gradient of 0.545 percents the sections of a total of four point of gradient change .Cross-sectional designAccording to the highway engineering technical standards JTG B01- 2003 , two highway roadbed width of 10m. Conducive to horizontal road drainage , road made by the central arched from side to side tilt . According to the asphalt concrete pavement design specifications ( JTG the D40 -2002 ) provides that , the road humpsIn order to counteract the centrifugal force generated when a vehicle traveling in the curve sections, and the road made in the form of the one - way cross slope of the outside than the inside , called ultra-high . The ultra-high horizontal gradient in the circular curve shall be compatible with the circular curve radius high on the transition curve is a gradual change in ultra-high. Therefore, from a straight line on the two-way cross slope gradient to the circular curve on a one - way cross slope sections, called ultra ease segment or ultra - high transition section.Combination of Horizontal and Vertical DesignIn order to ensure the car the exercise of the safety and comfort , road flat , vertical , horizontal three surface combination as the main alignment to analyze research , flat and vertical surface linear coordination combination will be able to visually naturally induced by the driver 's line of sight , and keep the vision of continuity, while the flat curve in the line selection generally to be considered the bridge from the river orthogonal in order to reduce the amount of engineering and design and construction of the difficulty of the structures , saving money , reducing the cost .The design of embankmentThe road cross-sectional design is based on the requirements of driving on the highway, combined with local topography, geology, hydrology and other natural conditions, to determine the form of a cross-section location and size of the various components. This road with asphalt concrete pavement, road humps cross slope of 2.0 percents. Soil shoulder width is 1.25m, due to the shoulder cross slope should be higher than road humps is 1o 2ross slope , designed with the earth shoulder cross slope of 3 percents. The ultra-high form of winding road centerline rotation along the entire embankment cross-sectional design. Fill slope of 1:1.5 cut slope for the introduction of 1:1.5.Pavement DesignPavement directly under the role of the vehicles is an important part of the road works are usually based on the needs of vehicles, using high quality materials built . Roadbed as the basis for the pavement structure should have sufficient strength and stability. Resilient modulus as the evaluation of subgrade strength and stability of themechanical index. The solid roadbed, not only is an important guarantee of pavement strength and stability , but also to create favorable conditions to extend the pavement life , the integrated design of the subgrade and pavement to .Rounded design thickness as well as further modifications of the design pavement thickness , the final pavement structure design as follows: medium grained asphalt concrete 50 mm ; cement stabilized gravel of 100 mm ; graded gravel 200 mm ; road bed 800 mm .Crossover designOver towns and villages along the road, convenient transportation , production , life of local people , select the appropriate place to set a level crossing . Dealings with the longitudinal slope should not be greater than 3 percents. Lots of difficulties should not be greater than 6 percents. The maximum vertical gradient can not be greater than the appropriate level of road to allow the maximum vertical gradient. Construction methodsRoad stakeout before the deal with the full range of traverse points, leveling points retest must be strictly coordinate method of construction for the line level, longitudinal design can not be modified. Route through the city, village lots, should strengthen the construction management, and to take effective protective measures.This road should consider using the Excavator with the bulldozers, construction, removal of surface impurities in soil using a bulldozer construction, far fromearth-moving excavator with the dump truck construction. Fill Subgrade compaction, general embankment heavy roller RCC, the RCC thickness in strict accordance with the relevant norms. Repair the start should be preceded by a test section, to gain experience before filling. Cut Section of the construction should be avoided large and medium-sized blast. Before construction of embankment must be cleared of vegetation, rubbish and impurities soil.Keywords Beijing building highway (Tangshan segment); secondary road; Asphalt Concrete; the reconstruction and conservation project。