2009年全国高考理综真题(含答案)-安徽卷
2009年高考全国2卷(理综)试卷及答案
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国2卷理科综合本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷6至14页。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第Ⅰ卷选择题共126分一、选择题（本题共13小题，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.）本卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。
一、选择题(本题共13小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
）1.下列关于细胞呼吸的叙述，错误的是A。
细胞呼吸必须在酶的催化下进行B.人体硬骨组织细胞也进行呼吸C。
酵母菌可以进行有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸D。
叶肉细胞在光照下进行光合作用，不进行呼吸作用2。
人体甲状旁腺分泌甲状旁腺素，当人体血钙浓度下降时,甲状旁腺素分泌增加，作用于骨和肾脏使血钙浓度上升。
甲状腺C细胞分泌降钙素，当血钙浓度上升时，降钙素分泌增加，作用于骨等使血钙浓度下降。
下列关于血钙的叙述，错误的是A。
血钙浓度降低可引起鸡肉抽搐B.甲状旁腺素和降钙素对血钙的调节表现为协同作用C。
人体血钙浓度在体液调节下处于动态平衡D.食物中的钙可以通过消化道吸收进入血液3.下列有关哺乳动物个体发育的叙述,错误的是A。
胚胎发育过程中也会出现细胞衰老B.幼鹿经过变态发育过程长出发达的鹿角C.胚后发育过程中伴有细胞分化D.来自原肠胚同一胚层的细胞经分化发育成不同的组织4.为防止甲型H1N1病毒在人群中的传播，有人建议接种人流感疫苗,接种人流感疫苗能够预防甲型H1N1流感的条件之一是：甲型H1N1病毒和人流感病毒具有相同的A。
侵染部位B。
致病机理C。
抗原决定簇D。
传播途径5。
下列属于种间竞争实例的是A.蚂蚁取食蚜虫分泌的蜜露B。
以叶为食的菜粉蝶幼虫与蜜蜂在同一株油菜上采食C.细菌与其体内的噬菌体均利用培养基中的氨基酸D.某培养瓶中生活的两种绿藻，一种数量增加，另一种数量减少6.物质的量之比为2：5的锌与稀硝酸反应，若硝酸被还原的产物为N2O,反应结束后锌没有剩余,则该反应中被还原的硝酸与未被还原的硝酸的物质的量之比是A. 1:4 B。
2009安徽高考物理试卷及答案
2009安徽高考物理试卷及答案理科综合能力测试物理部分第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共120分）本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
14．原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。
当氘等离子体被加热到适当高温时，氘核参与的几种聚变反应可能发生，放出能量。
这几种反应总的效果可以表示为241112106243.15H k He d H n MeV →+++由平衡条件可知A ．k =1 d =4B ．k =2 d =2C ．k =1 d =6D ．k =2 d =3 答案：B解析：由质量数守恒和电荷数守恒，分别有410k d +=，26k d +=，解得 k =2，d=2。
正确选项为B 。
15．2009年2月11日，俄罗斯的“宇宙-2251”卫星和美国的“铱-33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约 805km 处发生碰撞。
这是历史上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件。
碰撞过程中产生的 大量碎片可能会影响太空环境。
假定有甲、乙两块碎片，绕地球运动的轨道都是圆，甲的运行速率比乙的大，则下列说法中正确的是 A ．甲的运行周期一定比乙的长 B ．甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高 C ．甲的向心力一定比乙的小 D ．甲的加速度一定比乙的大 答案：D解析：由v =甲的速率大，甲碎片的轨道半径小，故B 错；由公式T 2=可知甲的周期小故A 错；由于未知两碎片的质量，无法判断向心力的大小，故C 错；碎片的加速度是指引力加速度由2GM m ma R =得2GMa R =，可知甲的加速度比乙大，故D 对。
16．大爆炸理论认为，我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。
除开始瞬间外，在演化至今的大部分时间内，宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。
上世纪末，对1A 型超新星的观测显示，宇宙正在加速膨胀，面对这个出人意料的发现，宇宙学家探究其背后的原因，提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成，它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文时期内开始加速膨胀。
2009年全国高考全国卷2答案(理综)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试题卷理科综合本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷6至14页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘巾在答题卡上指定位置。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上，对应题目的答案标号涂写，如写改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。
3. 非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字夂答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。
4. 考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题）本卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。
以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H – 1 C – 12 N – 14 O - 16一、选择题（本题共13小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
）1. 下列关于细胞呼吸的叙述，错误的是A. 细胞呼吸必须在酶的催化下进行B. 人体硬骨组织细胞也进行呼吸C. 酵母菌可以进行有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸D. 叶肉细胞在光照下进行光合作用，不进行呼吸作用答案D【解析】细胞呼吸是活细胞都进行的一项生命活动，必须在酶的催化作用下进行；酵母菌在有氧的条件下，把葡萄糖分解成二氧化碳和水，无氧的条件下把葡萄糖分解成酒精和二氧化碳。
因此D错误。
2. 人体甲状旁腺分泌甲状旁腺素，当人体血钙浓度下降时，甲状旁腺素分泌增加，作用于骨和肾脏使血钙浓度上升。
甲状腺C细胞分泌降钙素，当血钙浓度上升时，降钙素分泌增加，作用于骨等使血钙浓度下降。
下列关于血钙的叙述，错误的是A. 血钙浓度降低可引起肌肉抽搐B. 甲状旁腺素和降钙素对血钙的调节表现为协同作用C. 人体血钙浓度在体液调节下处于动态平衡D. 食物中的钙可以通过消化道吸收进入血液答案B【解析】血钙含量降低会引起肌肉抽搐，血钙含量高会引起肌肉乏力。
2009年安徽高考试卷及解答
姓名 座位号（在此卷上答题无效）绝密 ★ 启封前2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共120分）本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
14．原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。
当氘等离子体被加热到适当高温时，氘核参与的几种聚变反应可能发生，放出能量。
这几种反应总的效果可以表示为241112106243.15H k He d H n MeV →+++由平衡条件可知A ．k =1 d =4B ．k =2 d =2C ．k =1 d =6D ．k =2 d =3 答案：B15．2009年2月11日，俄罗斯的“宇宙-2251”卫星和美国的“铱-33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约 805km 处发生碰撞。
这是历史上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件。
碰撞过程中产生的 大量碎片可能会影响太空环境。
假定有甲、乙两块碎片，绕地球运动的轨道都是圆，甲的运行速率比乙的大，则下列说法中正确的是 A ．甲的运行周期一定比乙的长 B ．甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高 C ．甲的向心力一定比乙的小 D ．甲的加速度一定比乙的大 答案：D16．大爆炸理论认为，我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。
除开始瞬间外，在演化至今的大部分时间内，宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。
上世纪末，对1A 型超新星的观测显示，宇宙正在加速膨胀，面对这个出人意料的发现，宇宙学家探究其背后的原因，提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成，它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文时期内开始加速膨胀。
如果真是这样，则标志宇宙大小的宇宙半径R 和宇宙年龄的关系，大致是下面哪个图像？答案：C17．为了节省能量，某商场安装了智能化的电动扶梯。
无人乘行时，扶梯运转得很慢；有人站上扶梯时，它会先慢慢加速，再匀速运转。
一顾客乘扶梯上楼，恰好经历了这两个过程，如图所示。
那么下列说法中正确的是A ．顾客始终受到三个力的作用ttttABCDB ．顾客始终处于超重状态C ．顾客对扶梯作用力的方向先指向左下方，再竖直向下D ．顾客对扶梯作用的方向先指向右下方，再竖直向下 答案：C18．在光滑的绝缘水平面上，有一个正方形的abcd ，顶点a 、c 处分别固定一个正点电荷，电荷量相等，如图所示。
2009安徽高考物理试卷及答案
2009安徽高考物理试卷及答案理科综合能力测试物理部分第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共120分）本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
14．原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。
当氘等离子体被加热到适当高温时，氘核参与的几种聚变反应可能发生，放出能量。
这几种反应总的效果可以表示为241112106243.15H k He d H n MeV →+++由平衡条件可知A ．k =1 d =4B ．k =2 d =2C ．k =1 d =6D ．k =2 d =3 答案：B解析：由质量数守恒和电荷数守恒，分别有410k d +=，26k d +=，解得 k =2，d=2。
正确选项为B 。
15．2009年2月11日，俄罗斯的“宇宙-2251”卫星和美国的“铱-33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约 805km 处发生碰撞。
这是历史上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件。
碰撞过程中产生的 大量碎片可能会影响太空环境。
假定有甲、乙两块碎片，绕地球运动的轨道都是圆，甲的运行速率比乙的大，则下列说法中正确的是 A ．甲的运行周期一定比乙的长 B ．甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高 C ．甲的向心力一定比乙的小 D ．甲的加速度一定比乙的大 答案：D解析：由v =甲的速率大，甲碎片的轨道半径小，故B 错；由公式T 2=可知甲的周期小故A 错；由于未知两碎片的质量，无法判断向心力的大小，故C 错；碎片的加速度是指引力加速度由2GM m ma R =得2GMa R =，可知甲的加速度比乙大，故D 对。
16．大爆炸理论认为，我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。
除开始瞬间外，在演化至今的大部分时间内，宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。
上世纪末，对1A 型超新星的观测显示，宇宙正在加速膨胀，面对这个出人意料的发现，宇宙学家探究其背后的原因，提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成，它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文时期内开始加速膨胀。
2009年安徽省高考物理试题及答案解析
姓名 座位号（在此卷上答题无效）绝密 ★ 启封前2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试物理部分第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共120分）本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
14．原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。
当氘等离子体被加热到适当高温时，氘核参与的几种聚变反应可能发生，放出能量。
这几种反应总的效果可以表示为241112106243.15H k He d H n MeV →+++由平衡条件可知A ．k =1 d =4B ．k =2 d =2C ．k =1 d =6D ．k =2 d =3答案：B解析：由质量数守恒和电荷数守恒，分别有410k d +=，26k d +=，解得 k =2，d=2。
正确选项为B 。
15．2009年2月11日，俄罗斯的“宇宙-2251”卫星和美国的“铱-33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约 805km 处发生碰撞。
这是历史上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件。
碰撞过程中产生的 大量碎片可能会影响太空环境。
假定有甲、乙两块碎片，绕地球运动的轨道都是圆，甲的运行速率比乙的大，则下列说法中正确的是A ．甲的运行周期一定比乙的长B ．甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高C ．甲的向心力一定比乙的小D ．甲的加速度一定比乙的大答案：D解析：由GM v r =甲的速率大，甲碎片的轨道半径小，故B 错；由公式3R T 2GM =可知甲的周期小故A 错；由于未知两碎片的质量，无法判断向心力的大小，故C 错；碎片的加速度是指引力加速度由2GM m ma R =得2GM a R=，可知甲的加速度比乙大，故D 对。
16．大爆炸理论认为，我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。
除开始瞬间外，在演化至今的大部分时间内，宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。
上世纪末，对1A 型超新星的观测显示，宇宙正在加速膨胀，面对这个出人意料的发现，宇宙学家探究其背后的原因，提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成，它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文时期内开始加速膨胀。
2009年普通高校招生统一考试全国卷1理综试题
2009年全国高考理综试题及答案(全国1)2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试一、选择题（本题共13小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
）1.下列关于人类遗传病的叙述，错误．．的是A.单基因突变可以导致遗传病B.染色体结构的改变可以导致遗传病C.近亲婚配可增加隐性遗传病的发病风险D.环境因素对多基因遗传病的发病无影响2.右图是某种微生物体内某一物质代谢过程的示意图。
下列有关酶活性调节的叙述，错误．．的是A.丁物质既是酶③催化生成的产物，又是酶③的反馈抑制物B.戊物质通过与酶④结合导致酶④结构变化而使其活性下降C.当丁物质和戊物质中任意一种过量时，酶①的活性都将受到抑制D.若此代谢途径的终产物不断排出菌体外，则可消除丙物质对酶①的抑制作用3.下列关于通过发酵工程生产谷氨酸的叙述，错误的是A.发酵时需要不断通入无菌空气，否则会积累乳酸B.发酵时常采用的培养基为液体天然培养基C.从自然界分离的野生型菌株可直接用于生产D.当菌体生长进入稳定期时，补充营养物可提高谷氨酸产量4.下列关于体细胞杂交或植物细胞质遗传的叙述，错误．．的是A.利用植物体细胞杂交技术可克服生殖隔离的限制，培育远缘杂种B.不同种植物原生质体融合的过程属于植物体细胞杂交过程C.两个不同品种的紫茉莉杂交，正交、反交所得F1的表现型一致D.两个不同品种的紫茉莉杂交，F1的遗传物质来自母本的多于来自父本的5.已知小麦抗病对感病为显性，无芒对有芒为显性，两对性状独立遗传。
用纯合的抗病无芒与感病有芒杂交，F1自交，播种所有的F2,假定所有的F2植珠都能成活，在F2植株开花前，拔掉所有的有芒植株，并对剩余植株套袋。
假定剩余的每株F2收获的种子数量相等，且F3的表现型符合遗传定律。
从理论上讲F3中表现感病植株的比例为A.1/8B.3/8C.1/16D.3/166.下列各组离子，在溶液中能大量共存、加入NaOH溶液后加热既有气体放出又有沉淀生成的一组是7.将15ml.2mol溶液逐滴加入到40 ml.0.5mol.盐溶液中，恰好将溶液中的离子完全沉淀为碳酸盐，则中n值是A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 18.下列表示溶液中发生反应的化学方程式错误．．的是9.现有乙酸和两种链状单烯烃混合物，其中氧的质量分数为a,则碳的质量分数是11.为了检验某含有杂质的样品的纯度，现将克样品加热，其质量变为则该样品的纯度（质量分数）是12.有关下图所示化合物的说法不正确的是A.既可以与Br2的CCl4溶液发生加成反应，又可以在光照下与Br2发生取代反应B.1mol该化合物最多可以与3molNaOH反应C.既可以催化加氢,又可以使酸性KmnO4溶液褪色D.既可以与Fecl3溶液发生显色反应，又可以与NaHCO3溶液反应放出CO2气体下列有关该反应的描述正确的是A.第6后，反应就终止了B.的平衡转化率为85%C.若升高温度，的平衡转化率将大于85%D.若降低温度，v正和v逆将以同样倍数减少二、选择题（本题共8小题，在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分）14.下列说法正确的是A. 气体对器壁的压强就是大量气体分子作用在器壁单位面积上的平均作用力B. 气体对器壁的压强就是大量气体分子单位时间作用在器壁上的平均冲量C. 气体分子热运动的平均动能减少，气体的压强一定减小D. 单位面积的气体分子数增加，气体的压强一定增大15. 某物体左右两侧各有一竖直放置的平面镜，两平面镜相互平行，物体距离左镜4m，右镜8m，如图所示，物体在左镜所成的像中从右向左数的第三个像与物体的距离是A.24mB.32mC.40mD.48mA.10.50eVB.0.98eVC. 0.53eVD. 0.36eV18.如图所示。
【2009】年全国高考理综试题及答案-安徽卷
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择）两部分，第一卷第1页至第5页，第Ⅱ卷第6页至第12页。
全卷满分300分。
考生注意事项：1. 答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。
务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。
2. 答第一卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答第二卷时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上．．．．书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡．．．规定的位置给出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。
必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
4. 考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561. 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述，正确的是( )A.叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B.H2O在光下分解为[H]和O2的过程发生在基质中C.CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上D.光合作用的产物——淀粉是在基质中合成的2. 细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
下列有关叙述正确的是( )A.人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B.人的早期胚胎有尾，尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C.细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D.皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物3. 用牛奶瓶培养黑腹果蝇，观察成虫数量的变化，结果如下表：时间（天） 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37根据表中数据分析，下列结果正确的是( )A. 第13-25天，成虫数量增长快的主要原因是个体生长加快。
[理综]2009年高考全国卷II理科综合试题及参考答案
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绝密★启用前2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试题卷理科综合(物理部分)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷6至14页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘巾在答题卡上指定位置。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上，对应题目的答案标号涂写，如写改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。
3.非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字夂答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。
4.考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题）本卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。
二、选择题（本题共8小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分）14. 下列关于简谐振动和简谐波的说法，正确的是A．媒质中质点振动的周期一定和相应的波的周期相等B．媒质中质点振动的速度一定和相应的波的波速相等C．波的传播方向一定和媒质中质点振动的方向一致D．横波的波峰与波谷在振动方向上的距离一定是质点振幅的两倍。
答案AD【解析】本题考查机械波和机械振动.介质中的质点的振动周期和相应的波传播周期一致A 正确.而各质点做简谐运动速度随时间作周期性的变化,但波在介质中是匀速向前传播的,所以不相等,B错.对于横波而言传播方向和振动方向是垂直的,C错.根据波的特点D正确. 15. 两物体甲和乙在同一直线上运动，它们在0～0.4s时间内的v-t图象如图所示。
若仅在两物体之间存在相互作用，则物体甲与乙的质量之比和图中时间t分别为1A ．13和0.30sB ．3和0.30sC ．13和0.28s D ．3和0.28s答案B【解析】本题考查图象问题.根据速度图象的特点可知甲做匀加速,乙做匀减速.根据tv a ∆∆=得乙甲a a =3,根据牛顿第二定律有乙甲m F m F 31=,得3=乙甲m m ,由ts m a -===4.01/104.042乙,得t=0.3s,B 正确.16. 如图，水平放置的密封气缸内的气体被一竖直隔板分隔为左右两部分，隔板可在气缸内无摩擦滑动，右侧气体内有一电热丝。
2009年高考全国卷1试题及答案(理综)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国1卷理科综合能力测试本试卷共12页，满分300分，考试时间150分钟。
注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘巾在答题卡上指定位置。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔将答题卡上，对应题目的答案标号涂写，如写改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。
3. 非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字夂答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。
4. 考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
选择题 共21小题，每小题6分，共126分.以下数据可供解题时参考 相对原子质量（原子量）：H1 C12 O16 Na 23 S 32 K39 Cu 64一、选择题（本题共13小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
） 1.下列关于人类遗传病的叙述，错误．．的是 A.单基因突变可以导致遗传病B.染色体结构的改变可以导致遗传病C ．近亲婚配可增加隐形遗传病的发病风险 D.环境因素对多基因遗传病的发病无影响2.右图是某种微生物体内某一物质代谢过程的示意图。
下列有关酶活性调节的叙述，错误．．的是 A.丁物质既是酶③催化生成的产物，又是酶③的反馈抑制物 B ．戊物质通过与酶④结合导致酶④结构变化而使其活性下降 C.当丁物质和戊物质中任意一种过量时，酶①的活性都将受到抑制D ．若此代谢途径的终产物不断排出菌体外，则可消除丙物质对酶①的抑制作用3.下列关于通过发酵工程生产谷氨酸的叙述，错误．．的是 A.发酵时需不断通入无菌空气，否则会积累乳酸 B.发酵时常采用的培养基伟液体天然培养基 C ．从自然界分离的野生型菌株可直接用于生产D ．当菌体生长进入稳定期时，补充营养物可提高谷氨酸产量 4.下列关于植物体细胞杂交或植物细胞质遗传的叙述，错误．．的是 A.利用植物体细胞杂交技术可克服生殖隔离的限制，培育远缘杂种 B.不同种植物原生质体融合的过程属于植物体细胞杂交过程C ．两个不同品种的紫茉莉杂交，正交、反交所得F1的表现型一致D ．两个不同品种的紫茉莉杂交，F1的遗传物质来自母本的多于来自父本的5．已知小麦抗病对感病为显性，无芒对有芒为显性，两对性独立遗传。
2009年高考全国卷1试题及答案(理综)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国1卷）理科综合能力测试一、选择题（本题共13小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1.下列关于人类遗传病的叙述，错误的是A.单基因突变可以导致遗传病B.染色体结构的改变可以导致遗传病C.近亲婚配可增加隐性遗传病的发病风险D.环境因素对多基因遗传病的发病无影响答案D【解析】人类遗传病是指由于遗传物质改变而引起的人类疾病，主要可以分为单基因遗传病、多基因遗传病和染色体异常遗传病。
单基因突变可以遗传病，如镰刀型细胞贫血症；染色体结构改变可以导致遗传病，如猫叫综合征；近亲婚配可增加隐性遗传病的发病风险，因为近亲婚配的双方从共同祖先那里继承同一种致病基因的机会较非近亲婚配的大大增加，结果双方很可能都是同一种致病基因的携带者，这们后代隐性遗传病发病风险大大增加；多基因遗传病不仅表现出家庭聚集现象，还比较容易受环境因素的影响。
因此，D错误。
2.右图是某种微生物体内某一物质代谢过程的示意图。
下列有关酶活性调节的叙述，错误的是A.丁物质既是酶③催化生成的产物，又是酶③的反馈抑制物B.戊物质通过与酶④结合导致酶④结构变化而使其活性下降C.当丁物质和戊物质中任意一种过量时，酶①的活性都将受到抑制D.若此代谢途径的终产物不断排出菌体外，则可消除丙物质对酶①的抑制作用答案C【解析】微生物代谢的调节主要有两种形式：酶合成的调节和酶活性的调节。
酶活性的调节是微生物通过改变已有酶的催化活性来调节代谢有速率。
酶活性发生改变的主要原因是代谢过程中产生的物质与酶结合，致使酶的结构产生变化，但这种变化是可逆的，当代谢产物与酶脱离时，酶结构便会复原，又恢复原有的活性。
因此A、B、D正确。
当丁物质和戊物质中任意一种过量时，不一定会导致丙物质积累，以抑制酶①的活性。
故C错误。
3.下列关于通过发酵工程生产谷氨酸的叙述，错误的是A.发酵时需要不断通入无菌空气，否则会积累乳酸B.发酵时常采用的培养基为液体天然培养基C.从自然界分离的野生型菌株可直接用于生产D.当菌体生长进入稳定期时，补充营养物可提高谷氨酸产量答案C【解析】发酵工程生产谷氨酸，溶氧不足，会产生乳酸或琥珀酸；培养基通常有豆饼的水解液、玉米浆、尿素、磷酸氢二钾、氧化钾、硫酸镁、生物素等配制而成，呈液体状态，因此是液体天然培养基；从自然界分离的野生型菌株，产量一般都比较低，不能满足工业上的需要，通常都要用人工诱变的方法处理，使菌种产生突变，再从中筛选出符合要求的优良菌种，才能用于生产。
2009年普通高校招生统一考试全国卷1理综试题
2009年全国高考理综试题及答案(全国1)2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试一、选择题（本题共13小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
）1.下列关于人类遗传病的叙述，错误．．的是A.单基因突变可以导致遗传病B.染色体结构的改变可以导致遗传病C.近亲婚配可增加隐性遗传病的发病风险D.环境因素对多基因遗传病的发病无影响2.右图是某种微生物体内某一物质代谢过程的示意图。
下列有关酶活性调节的叙述，错误．．的是A.丁物质既是酶③催化生成的产物，又是酶③的反馈抑制物B.戊物质通过与酶④结合导致酶④结构变化而使其活性下降C.当丁物质和戊物质中任意一种过量时，酶①的活性都将受到抑制D.若此代谢途径的终产物不断排出菌体外，则可消除丙物质对酶①的抑制作用3.下列关于通过发酵工程生产谷氨酸的叙述，错误的是A.发酵时需要不断通入无菌空气，否则会积累乳酸B.发酵时常采用的培养基为液体天然培养基C.从自然界分离的野生型菌株可直接用于生产D.当菌体生长进入稳定期时，补充营养物可提高谷氨酸产量4.下列关于体细胞杂交或植物细胞质遗传的叙述，错误．．的是A.利用植物体细胞杂交技术可克服生殖隔离的限制，培育远缘杂种B.不同种植物原生质体融合的过程属于植物体细胞杂交过程C.两个不同品种的紫茉莉杂交，正交、反交所得F1的表现型一致D.两个不同品种的紫茉莉杂交，F1的遗传物质来自母本的多于来自父本的5.已知小麦抗病对感病为显性，无芒对有芒为显性，两对性状独立遗传。
用纯合的抗病无芒与感病有芒杂交，F1自交，播种所有的F2,假定所有的F2植珠都能成活，在F2植株开花前，拔掉所有的有芒植株，并对剩余植株套袋。
假定剩余的每株F2收获的种子数量相等，且F3的表现型符合遗传定律。
从理论上讲F3中表现感病植株的比例为A.1/8B.3/8C.1/16D.3/166.下列各组离子，在溶液中能大量共存、加入NaOH溶液后加热既有气体放出又有沉淀生成的一组是7.将15ml.2mol溶液逐滴加入到40 ml.0.5mol.盐溶液中，恰好将溶液中的离子完全沉淀为碳酸盐，则中n值是A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 18.下列表示溶液中发生反应的化学方程式错误．．的是9.现有乙酸和两种链状单烯烃混合物，其中氧的质量分数为a,则碳的质量分数是11.为了检验某含有杂质的样品的纯度，现将克样品加热，其质量变为则该样品的纯度（质量分数）是12.有关下图所示化合物的说法不正确的是A.既可以与Br2的CCl4溶液发生加成反应，又可以在光照下与Br2发生取代反应B.1mol该化合物最多可以与3molNaOH反应C.既可以催化加氢,又可以使酸性KmnO4溶液褪色D.既可以与Fecl3溶液发生显色反应，又可以与NaHCO3溶液反应放出CO2气体下列有关该反应的描述正确的是A.第6后，反应就终止了B.的平衡转化率为85%C.若升高温度，的平衡转化率将大于85%D.若降低温度，v正和v逆将以同样倍数减少二、选择题（本题共8小题，在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分）14.下列说法正确的是A. 气体对器壁的压强就是大量气体分子作用在器壁单位面积上的平均作用力B. 气体对器壁的压强就是大量气体分子单位时间作用在器壁上的平均冲量C. 气体分子热运动的平均动能减少，气体的压强一定减小D. 单位面积的气体分子数增加，气体的压强一定增大15. 某物体左右两侧各有一竖直放置的平面镜，两平面镜相互平行，物体距离左镜4m，右镜8m，如图所示，物体在左镜所成的像中从右向左数的第三个像与物体的距离是A.24mB.32mC.40mD.48mA.10.50eVB.0.98eVC. 0.53eVD. 0.36eV18.如图所示。
[理综]2009年高考安徽理科综合试题及参考答案
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短文改错练习Once, lately at night, an Englishman came out of his room into a passage of the hotel and ask the servant to bring her a glass of water. The servant did like he was asked. The Englishman returned his room, and a few minutes later he came into the passage again and once more asked the servant a glass of water. Every a few minutes the Englishman would come out of his room and repeated his request. After half an hour the astonishing servant decided to ask the man what he was doing with the water. "Nothing," answered him calmly. "It's simply that the room is on fire.短文改错练习I gave my housekeeper an old pair trousers to wash and went in the study to read. My housekeeper usually looked through my pocket before wash my clothes, but for some reasons he failed to do so this time. When I was reading, I suddenly remember that there was a five-pounds note in the back pocket of the trousers I had told her to wash it. I dropped my book and rushed into the bathroom, but it is too late. My housekeeper said that my trousers had been in a washing machine for fifteen minutes already.短文改错练习One afternoon on April, 1912 , a new ship set off from England to America on it first trip. It was one of the largest and first ship at that time. It was cold, but the ship was pleasant and people are enjoying themselves. The next day was even cold. People could see icebergs here or there. It was night, suddenly, the man on watch shouting "Look out! Iceberg!" It was too late. A ship hit the iceberg and came to a stopping. There was a very big hole in the ship and water began to come. Slowly the ship started to go down.短文改错练习I've a friend who has a big police dog is named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon my friend took Jack for a long walk in the park. Jack likes these walk in the park very well.One Sunday a young man visits my friends. He stayed a long time. They talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk, but the visitor still sat talking. Jack became worrying about his walk in the park. He walked around the room several times but then he sat right in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid none attention. He continued talking. Finally Jack could stand it any longer. He held the visitor's hat in his mouth.短文改错练习（74）June 12, Sunday FineToday is Sunday. I didn't get up early as usually. In the morning after I finished my homework, I do some washing. Then I telephoned one of my classmate and invited him to see a film. And unfortunately, when we got to the cinema at 3:00 p.m., we found all the tickets had sold out. Then we went back to school and played the football. After this, when we were about to going home, we saw our English teacher, Mr. Wang, coming. He told us we had made great progresses in English this term. He also suggested that we should read more and wrote more. We promised him that we would listen his advice.短文改错练习（75）In autumn of 1935, when I was a young man, I was traveling in the north of Indian. One evening, after hunted in the forest all day, I was returning to the place which I had put up my tent. It was getting dark, but I was walking along a road. Suddenly I saw two eye glaring at me from among the trees. What can I do? Should I jump into the river to save my life? Then I looked at the right. In the river there had a big crocodile waiting to welcome me with its mouth was wide open.短文改错练习（76）Cats are animals of habit. They like to go to sleep about same time every day but for a certain length of time. They seem to have a natural clock inside it that tells them how to sleep. Besides their regularly sleep, cats take naps(打盹). Some scientists think that people should also take cat naps. The habit would do good for people's health. Cat naps helped build up energy in the body. Since cats have moods(情绪) like these of people, scientists believe that people can improve their moods with cat-napping. People might become more happier and more active.短文改错练习（78）When I first learned to write in English, I ran into much difficulties. The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her advice and should put down 100 words. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a story and showed to my teacher. He liked it very much that he reads it to the class. All said that the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me .短文改错练习（79）The winter holiday, when I am looking forward to, is coming. What fun it is to have sports! Play football is one of my hobby. I can also ride my bicycle, climb high mountains, or go skating. Sometime I can play the chess with Grandfather. How interested my holiday will be! But my father is always afraid I would be hurt by a truck, fall into water, and fall off a tree. He is afraid I would fight against others or taken away by bad men. But if I’m friendly and carefully enough, how will these things happen? I must try best to persuade my father.短文改错练习（80）Tom had retired and lived lonely a long way from town. He hardly never left his home. But one day he went to town buy some things in the market, and after he had bought it, he went into a restaurant and sit down at a table by himself. When he looked around, he saw several old peoples put up glasses before reading their newspapers. So after the lunch he decided to go to a store to buy himself a pair of glasses, either, He walked along a wide street and fast found a store.短文改错练习（81）My parents were all standing there, shouting at each other. The word "divorce(离婚)" was repeated and broke my heart each time. I had trapped between them and didn't know what to do. A million thoughts rushed into my mind, but nothing of them could ease my feelings. I rushed back to my room, seated down in silence and stared out of the window. The leaves were floated in the air. They struggled trying to catch the wind and finally they had to fall on the ground.I knew I was not the only one had gone through this. But I must learn to fight against this. Later in the day I took up with a pen and wrote down "It is until I take a step back and look at my family that I can really appreciate life. All of this has helped me grow strongly and mature(成熟)."短文改错练习（82）Dear editor,In the past my hometown was used to be a beautiful place. Thick trees and green grass can be seen everywhere. In order to build house and grow more crops, people cut down more and more trees. With time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. Gradually the green hills have changed into wasteland. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from that we suffer a lot. However, I do hope all the people should realize the terribly result of not caring about our environment. What's more, they should take good care of the forests and plant trees instead cuttingthem down to improve our living conditions.短文改错练习（83）When I found out that my train would three hours late, I decided to get a bus instead. I was about to rush out of the train station while a well-dressed old man took me by my arm, "Young lady," said the gentleman, "Shouldn't you find out the bus schedule (时刻表) before you rush out to catch the bus?". I stared to him with my mouth opened. How did he read my mind? Before I can say a word, he added, "You see, my train is also running lately. The same idea came to me. But I think a good conversation that can help pass the time. Before you know it, your train will be there."短文改错练习（84）Dear Kang Li,I haven't heard you for a long time. How are you? I had just finished the exams. Now I'm glad I have time to write for you. Our teacher tells us that China is a big country has the most population in the world. It's on the other side of the world. Now the sun is shining bright here and perhaps you're sleeping in the dark night. I wish to know anything more about the Chinese way of living. I wonder at if you can tell me about it in your next letter. Please writing soon.短文改错练习（85）I visited the zoo yesterday, and I was very unhappy and angry about the things what I saw. The large animals were in small cages. The lion was walking back and forth. It was completely boring. The tiger fell asleep all the afternoon. I see people feeding the fish. They were throwing rices and meat into the pond, which could kill the fish, but no one tried stop them. When I had the drink at the zoo restaurant, the waiter served me rude. Outside the restaurant, the rubbish bins were full and rubbish was blowing everywhere. It seems that the zoo doesn't look the animals or the visitors very well. subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me. I never saw how I could use it in my daily life.短文改错练习（88）Some Americans judge success on the length of his vacations. The man who gets a month’s vacation each year consider himself more successful than the man gets two weeks . Many people want to be teachers so it is teachers who can get three-month vacation every year . Some college teachers who teach the three classes consider themselves less successful than that who teach only one or two , or none in all . In short , the less work Americans do , the less successful they consider themselves .短文改错练习（91）Rowena and Billy Wrangler are model high school student. They study hard. They do extreme well in achievement tests. And next year, Rowena will attend the Harvard University. Billy, her younger brother, hope to go to Cornell. That makes Rowena and Billy different from most students is they don’t go to school. In fact, They’ve never been to school. Since kindergarten, they have studied at home. Neither Rowena or Billy feels as if they have missed out on nothing by being taught at home. As many of the more than one million people who accept home schooling in the United States, they feel as if they have gotten a good education.短文改错练习（92）Did you enjoy yourself ye sterday? I suppose you do. But I’d like to tell you what a bad day Ihad yesterday. Nothing just went wrong. On the morning, my alarm clock didn’t ring,since I woke up an hour late. I was in such a hurry that I burnt my hand when I was cooking the breakfast. Then I ran out of the house to catch the 8:30 buses. This is the bus I usually take. But, to my regret, I missed it. I am very unhappy, and scared as well because my teacher hates the students come late to school. So I ran three miles to school only to discover that everybody was there. The school was quiet but peaceful. Our classroom was locked. I realized that moment: it was Sunday.短文改错练习（93）Get a good education is more important today than ever before. In Canada children most attend public schools. Public schools are mainly found by governments through tax income. Students in Canada taught in English and in French. The rest of Canadian children is to attend private schools, that are supported mainly by fees paying by parents .By law, the children must attend the school from age 5 to 16. There are several different levels in the Canadian education system. The first is called Elementary School, which include kindergartens through grade 7 or 8. From grades 8 or 9 through 12 or 13, children go to Secondary School or high school. High school students must take certain course for several years, such as English or French and mathematics.短文改错练习（94）Yesterday we went to grow trees on the hill near our school. The boys were made dig pits(坑).The girls were told to plant the young trees into the pits. All of us worked very hardly. Soon we were all wet with sweats. After the young trees were planted, we began to water it. The water was at the foot of the hill. But we stood in line to pass pails(桶) of water from one to other up to the hill. We did not finish water the trees until it was dark. Though we were tired, but we feel very happy.短文改错练习（95）A kind of little car may someday take place of today’s big ones. If people drive such cars in the future, there would be less pollution in the air. There will be more spaces for parking cars in cities. The streets will be less crowd. And driving will be safe as these little cars can go only 65 km per hour. The future cars will be fine for getting round a city, so they will not be useful for long trips. Little cars will go 200 km, before needing to stop for more gases. If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the big fast cars and another roads will be needed for the slow small ones. It is said that three so little cars fit in with the space now needed for one car the usual size.短文改错练习（95）1. take place---take the place;2. would---will;3. spaces---space;4.crowd---crowed;5. safe---safer;6. so---but;7. gases---gas;8. another---other;9.so---such; 10. fit in with---fit in短文改错练习（96）It was fine yesterday. The sun was shining in the sky. I went boating by myself. I didn’t take many friends with me because I wanted to be lonely. I hired a boat and rowed slowly to the center of lake. A fresh breeze was blowing, fish was swimming and birds were singing. When I reached the center, I took up the paddles（桨）and lie down in the boat. With the blue sky over me or green water around me, I was extreme relaxed. About two hours passed in this way before I knew them.I came back to home very late. I didn’t feel tiring at all, for I had really had a good time.短文改错练习（97）I was anxiously expected your letter, and at last it has reached to me. I am very glad to know that everyone at home is enjoying good health as usually. Things here are same now as they were ago. The final examination will take place next week. But I am now busy with preparing my lessons. It’s nice to think that the summer vacation is come near. I can’t say how much I want to see you all again. I am looking forward to spend summer days with you. Give my love to Father, Mother and anyone at home.短文改错练习（98）One afternoon, when I was on my way home, the sky changed suddenly. Dark clouds were gathered. I began to feel worried because I didn’t have both a raincoat or umbrella about me . It soon started to rain. Just as I was hurrying home, I heard someone calling me from behind . I turned to have a look and find that he was Liu Wei, a good neighbour of me. He offered to share his umbrella with me. We walked all the ways home. Without Liu Wei’s help, I would have got wet to the skin. How much thankful I was to his help!短文改错练习（99）I worried about the missed bag all the evening. I tried to remember exact what I had done from the time I left the store until at the time I got home. I remembered whether I had looked at the bag while I was having lunch. So I might have had it while I left the store. I remembered showing it to a friend on the bus. But I had the bag then. I came directly from the bus to my house, and I must have forgotten it on the bus. I was in hurry to get off and forget to check the packages lying on the floor. I should be much careful next time.短文改错练习（100）A man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be sent to his mother. When getting out of his car he looked a young girl sobbing, he asked her what was the wrong. She replied, ―I want to buy a red rose for my mother, I only have 75 cents. A rose cost 2 dollars.‖ The man smiled and said, ―Come on in with me….‖ He bought her flowers and ordered him own. While leaving he offered the girl a ride home. She said, ―Yes, please! You must take me to my mother.‖ She directed him to a cemetery, there she placed the roses on a freshly dug grave. The man returned to the flower shop, canceled the order, choose a bouquet and drove 200 miles for his mother’s house.短文改错练习（101）Many scientists believe that life begins in the ocean long ago. For age man used the ocean to discover and explore new lands. Now man spends a great deal of time or money in discovering the ocean. We know it is rich at minerals which the world need. We know too that it contains a plenty of food for all the people in the world. We know that if the salt were taken from it, it’s water would turn the deserts into rich farm land. We know a great deal about this land frontier(新领域), as it has called. But we still need to learn many more about it.短文改错练习（102）After a day of work and play, the body needs to have a rest. Sleep is necessary for good healthy. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get it while sleeping enable your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep. Each is a little deep than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax. Your heart beats slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back or forth from one level of sleep to the other. If you have trouble fall asleep, some people suggest breathing slowly and deeply. And other people believe that drink warm milk helps make you sleepy. There is also an old advice that counting sheeps put you to sleep.短文改错练习（103）Though now I am a college student, but I still remember many things in the primary school and one of it is always kept in my mind. As a schoolboy I used to being very lazy at school, and I played a lot after class but did few in class. One afternoon before school was over, our head teacher was giving us last class, when I fell sleepy. He went on teaching without wake me up. When school was over, he asked the other student to leave the classroom quiet, leaving me locked in the classroom. You can imagine what hard I cried for help when I finally woke up.短文改错练习（104）Have you ever asked you why students go to school? You may say they go to school to learn language, maths, history, science and other subject. But why do they learn this? And are these all that they learn at the school? Students go to school to preparing themselves for the time when they grow up and have to work for themselves. They learn their native language in order that they could understand that others write and say, and make themselves clearly understand. They learn foreign languages in order to benefit what foreign people write and say.短文改错练习（105）Yesterday was my birthday. I accepted lots of presents. All the presents were wrapped with color, beautiful and soft paper. Among them was two really interesting. My sister brought me a paper bag. I thought there would have a football in the bag. Not until I opened it I find it was a clock. My brother gave me a note, that read, ―My present has been put in your bedroom.‖ When I hurry into my bedroom, I found a box. Opened the box, I found a pocket computer. I was more than exciting, and realized they suggested that I study hard and do not waste time.短文改错练习（106）I went to the Summer Palace on last week. At the gate I happened to meet some America tourists. I greeted him in English and then we began to chat. I get to know that they were college students travel in China. They were busy in taking photos and were much impressed with the changes had taken place in the past few years. After that, we went boating on a lake and have a good time. We exchanged our email address so that we can write to each other in the future. They thanked me again and again. I was very glad to have a chance to practising my oral EnglishKey:短文改错练习（70）1. lately-late2. ask-asked3.her-him4.like-as5. and-but6. servant-servant for7. 去掉a8. repeated-repeat9. astonishing-astonished 10. him-he短文改错练习（71）1. pair-pair of2. in-into3. wash-washing4. reasons-reason5. he-she6. remember-remembered7. pounds-pound8. 去掉it9. is-was 10. a-the短文改错练习（72）1. on→in2. it→its3. ship→ships4. are→were5.cold→colder6. or→and7. shouting→shouted8. A→The9.stopping-stop 10. come→come in短文改错练习（73）1. 去掉is2.took→takes3. well→much4. walk-walks 5 visits-visited6. friends-friend7. worrying→worried8.but→and9. none→no 10. could-could not 短文改错练习（74）1. usually---usual2. do→did3. classmate ---classmates4. And ---But5.had∧been6. the 去掉7. going-go8. progresses-progress9. wrote---write 10. listen---take/follow短文改错练习（75）1. In-In the2. Indian-India3. hunted-hunting4. in ∧which 或which改为where5.but-and6.eye –eyes7. can –could8. at –to9. had-was 10.去掉was短文改错练习（76）1. same-the same2. and-but3. it--them4. when-how5. regular—regularly6. for–to7. helped-help8. these-those9. with-by 10. 去掉more短文改错练习（78）1. much—many2. anything--everything3. my—a4. 去掉should5. talk--talking6. me--myself7. to前加it8. very--so9. reads--read 10.word—words短文改错练习（79）1. When—which2. Play—Playing3. hobby—hobbies4. Sometime—sometimes5.去掉the6. interesting—interested7. and---or8. or后加be9. carefully—careful 10. try 后加my 短文改错练习（80）1. Lonely→alone2. never→ever3. buy前加to4. it→them5. sit→sat6. peoples→people7. up--on8. 去掉the9. either→too 10.fast→soon短文改错练习（81）1. all→both2. had→was3. nothing→none4. seated→sat或后加myself5. floated--floating6. and→but7. had前加who8. 去掉with9. until前加not 10. strongly--strong短文改错练习（82）去掉was can--could house→houses With→As或went →going struck→strike that—which However→So terribly→terrible they→we instead后加of短文改错练习（83）1. would后加be2. get→ take3. while → when4. my→ the5. to--at6. opened →open7. can→could8. lately—late9. A→The 10. 去掉that短文改错练习（84）1. heard后加from2. had---have3. for---to4. has前加that 或which/has---with5.most---largest 6. bright---brightly 7. and---but 8. anything---something 9.去掉at 10. writing--write短文改错练习（85）1. and→but2. 去掉what或把what改为that/which3. boring-bored4. see→saw5. rices→rice6. tried后面加to7. the→a或去掉the8. rude→rudely9. blowing→blown 10. look后加after 短文改错练习（86）1. in → in the2. her → him3. say → said4. past → passed5. anywhere → somewhere6. told前加was7. immediate → immediately8. 去掉in9. or → and 10. Under → with短文改错练习（87）1. class—classes2. them前加of3. or—and4. it—they5. understood—understand6. what—how7. 去掉the8. most—least 9．learn—learning 10．practically—practical 短文改错练习（88）1. on-by2. his-their3. consider-considers4. the man-the man who5. So-beause/as6. get-get a7. 删去the8. that-those9. in- at 10. less-more短文改错练习（91）1. student---students;2. extreme---extremely;3. the Harvard University---Harvard University;4. hope---hopes;5.That---What;6. is they---is that they;7. or---nor;8. nothing---anything;9. As---Like; 10. accept---receive短文改错练习（92）1. do---did;2. Nothing---Everything;3. On---In;4. since---so;5. the breakfast---breakfast;6. buses---bus7. am---was;8. come---coming;9. everybody---nobody; 10. but---and 短文改错练习（93）1. Get---Getting;2. most---mostly;3. found---founded;4. taught---are taught;5. is---are;6. that ---which;7. paying—paid;8. the school---school;9. include---includes; 10. course---courses短文改错练习（94）1. grow---plant;2. dig---to dig;3. hardly---hard;4. sweats---sweat;5. it---them;6. But---So;7. other---another;8. water---watering;9. fee---felt; 10. but we---we短文改错练习（96）1. many---any;2. lonely---alone;3. lake---the lake;4. fish was---fish were;5. lie---lay;6. or---and;7. extreme---extremely;8. them---it;9. to home---home; 10. tiring---tired短文改错练习（97）1. expected---expecting2. reached to---reached3. usually---usual4. same---the same5. ago---before6. But---So7. with---in8. come---coming9. spend---spending 10. anyone---everyone短文改错练习（98）1. sky---weather2. gathered---gathering3. both---either4. umbrella---an umbrella5. find---found6. he---it7.. me---mine8.. ways---way9. How much---How 10. to---for短文改错练习（99）1.missed---missing2. exact---exactly3. at the time---the time4. whether---that5. might---must6. But---So7. forgotten---left8. in hurry---in a hurry9. forget---forgot10. much---more短文改错练习（100）1. looked---noticed2. the wrong---wrong3. I only---but I only4. cost---costs5. him---his6. While---When/As7. must---can8. there---where9. choose---chose 10. for---to短文改错练习（101）1. begins---began2. age---ages3. or---and4. at---in5. need---needs6. a plenty of--- plenty of7. it’s---its8. land---lands9. has---has been 10. many---much短文改错练习（102）1. healthy---health2. enable---enables3. get it---get4. deep---deeper5. slowly---more slowly6. or---and7. fall---falling8. drink---drinking9. advice---suggestion 10. sheeps---sheep短文改错练习（103）1. 去掉but2. it---them3. being---be4. few---little5. last class---the last class6. sleepy---asleep7. wake---waking8. student---students9. quiet---quietly 10. what---how短文改错练习（104）1. you→yourself2. language→ languages3. subject→ subjects4. this→these5. at the school→at school6. preparing→prepare7. could---can8. that→what9. understand→understood10. benefit 后加from短文改错练习（105）1. accepted→ received2. with---in3. was---were4. have→be5. I find→did I find6. that→ which7. hurry---hurried8. Opened → Opening9. exciting→excited10. do not→ not短文改错练习（106）1. on last week---last week2. America→American3. him→them4. get---got5. travel→trav elling6. changes后加that7. have→had8. address→addresses9. can---could 10. practising→practise。
2009年安徽省高考物理试卷
13．（20分）（2009•安徽）过山车是游乐场中常见的设施．下图是一 种过山车的简易模型，它由水平轨道和在竖直平面内的三个圆形轨道组 成，B、C、D分别是三个圆形轨道的最低点，B、C间距与C、D间距相 等，半径R1=2.0m、R2=1.4m．一个质量为m=1.0kg的小球（视为质 点），从轨道的左侧A点以v0=12.0m/s的初速度沿轨道向右运动，A、B 间距L1=6.0m．小球与水平轨道间的动摩擦因数为0.2，圆形轨道是光滑 的．假设水平轨道足够长，圆形轨道间不相互重叠．重力加速度取 g=10m/s2，计算结果保留小数点后一位数字．试求
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C． k=1d=6
D． k=2d=3
和美国的“铱﹣33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约805km处发生碰撞．这是历史 上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件．碰撞过程中产生的大量碎片可能 会影响太空环境．假定有甲、乙两块碎片，绕地球运动的轨道都是圆， 甲的运行速率比乙的大，则下列说法中正确的是（ ） A．甲的运行周期一定比乙的长 B． 甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高 C． 甲的向心力一定比乙的小 D．甲的加速度一定比乙的大
2009年安徽省高考物理试卷
一、本卷共7小题，每小题6分，共42分．在每小题给出的四个选项 中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1．（6分）（2009•安徽）原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净 能源．当氘等离子体被加热到适当高温时，氘核参与的几种聚变反应可 能发生，放出能量．这几种反应总的效果可以表示为6 H→k He+d H+2 n+43.15MeV由平衡条件可知（ ） A． k=1d=4 B． k=2d=2 C． k=1d=6 D． k=2d=3 2．（6分）（2009•安徽）2009年2月11日，俄罗斯的“宇宙﹣2251”卫星 和美国的“铱﹣33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约805km处发生碰撞．这是历史 上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件．碰撞过程中产生的大量碎片可能 会影响太空环境．假定有甲、乙两块碎片，绕地球运动的轨道都是圆， 甲的运行速率比乙的大，则下列说法中正确的是（ ） A．甲的运行周期一定比乙的长 B． 甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高 C． 甲的向心力一定比乙的小 D．甲的加速度一定比乙的大 3．（6分）（2009•安徽）大爆炸理论认为，我们的宇宙起源于137亿年 前的一次大爆炸．除开始瞬间外，在演化至今的大部分时间内，宇宙基 本上是匀速膨胀的．上世纪末，对1A型超新星的观测显示，宇宙正在 加速膨胀，面对这个出人意料的发现，宇宙学家探究其背后的原因，提 出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成，它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天 文时期内开始加速膨胀．如果真是这样，则标志宇宙大小的宇宙半径R 和宇宙年龄的关系，大致是下面哪个图象？（ ） A． B． C． D．
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2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）理科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择）两部分，第一卷第1页至第5页，第Ⅱ卷第6页至第12页。
全卷满分300分。
考生注意事项：1. 答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。
务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。
2. 答第一卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答第二卷时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上．．．．书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡．．．规定的位置给出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。
必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．草稿纸上答题无效．．．．．．．．。
4. 考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561. 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述，正确的是A.叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B.H2O在光下分解为[H]和O2的过程发生在基质中C.CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上D.光合作用的产物——淀粉是在基质中合成的答案：D解析：叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体膜上，H2O在光下分解的过程也是在类囊体膜上进行的，CO2的固定和淀粉的合成发生在暗反应中，在叶绿体的基质中进行。
所以D正确。
2. 细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
下列有关叙述正确的是A.人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B.人的早期胚胎有尾，尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C.细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D.皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物答案：B解析：细胞会随着分裂次数的增多而衰老，可见人体各组织细胞的衰老不是同步进行的；环境中的致癌因子损伤细胞中的DNA，使原癌基因和抑癌基因发生突变，导致正常细胞的生长和分裂失控而变成癌细胞，是细胞不正常分化的结果；皮肤上的老年斑是细胞内的色素随细胞的衰老而逐渐积累的结果；人的早期胚胎有尾，尾部细胞会随着发育逐渐凋亡。
故B正确。
3. 用牛奶瓶培养黑腹果蝇，观察成虫数量的变化，结果如下表：时间（天） 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 成虫数（只） 6 10 28 71 131 207 270 302 327 341 根据表中数据分析，下列结果正确的是A.第13-25天，成虫数量增长快的主要原因是个体生长加快。
B.第17-29天，成虫增长率上升，死亡率下降C.第21-37天，成虫增长率的下降与种群密度的改变有关D.第1-37天，成虫数量成“J”型增长答案：C解析：第13-25天，成虫数量增长快的主要原因是营养丰富、环境条件适宜；第17-29天，成虫增长率下降，第21-37天，成虫增长率的下降与种群密度的改变（第37天种群密度达到最大）有关，第1-37天，成虫数量成“S”型增长，所以C正确。
4. 2008年诺贝尔化学奖授予了“发现和发展了水母绿色荧光蛋白“的三位科学家。
将绿色荧光蛋白基因的片段与目的基因连接起来组成一个融合基因，再将该融合基因转入真核生物细胞内，表达出的蛋白质就会带有绿色荧光。
绿色荧光蛋白在该研究中的主要作用是A．追踪目的基因在细胞内的复制过程B．追踪目的基因插入到染色体上的位置C. 追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质在细胞内的分布D．追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质的空间结构。
答案：C解析：将绿色荧光蛋白基因的片段与目的基因连接起来组成一个融合基因，将该融合基因转入真核生物细胞内，表达出的蛋白质带有绿色荧光，从而可以追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质在细胞内的分布。
故C正确。
5. 已知人的红绿色盲属X染色体隐性遗传，先天性耳聋是常染色体隐性遗传（D对d完全显性）。
下图中Ⅱ2 为色觉正常的耳聋患者，Ⅱ5为听觉正常的色盲患者。
Ⅱ4(不携带d基因)和Ⅱ3婚后生下一个男孩，这个男孩患耳聋、色盲。
既耳聋有色盲的可能性分别是A. 0 、12、0 B. 0、14、14C.0、18、0 D.12、14、18答案：A解析：设色盲基因为b，依题意，Ⅱ5为听觉正常的色盲患者，则他的色盲基因来自他的母亲，母亲基因型为X B X b，又因为Ⅱ4不携带d基因，则她的基因型为1/2DD X B X B和1/2 DD X B X b，Ⅱ3的基因型为DdX B Y, Ⅱ4和Ⅱ3婚后生下一个男孩，则这个男孩患耳聋的可能性为0，色盲的可能性为1/2×1/2=1/4，既耳聋有色盲的可能性分别是0。
故A正确。
6. 下列是关于“检测土壤中细菌总数”实验操作的叙述，其中错误的是A.用蒸馏水配制牛肉膏蛋白膝培养基，经高温、高压灭菌后倒平板B.取104、105、106倍的土壤稀释液和无菌水各0.1ml，分别涂布于各组平板上C．将实验组和对照组平板倒置，370C恒温培养24-48小时D．确定对照组无菌后，选择菌落数在300以上的实验组平板进行计数答案：D解析：检测土壤中细菌总数，用蒸馏水配制牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基，经高温、高压灭菌后倒平板，取104、105、106倍的土壤稀释液和无菌水各0.1ml，分别涂布于各组平板上，将实验组和对照组平板倒置，37℃恒温培养24-48小时，在确定对照组无菌后，选择菌落数在30-300的一组平板为代表进行计数。
所以D不对。
7. 石墨烯是由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料（结构示意图如下），可由石墨剥离而成，具有极好的应用前景。
下列说法正确的是A.石墨烯与石墨互为同位素B.0.12g石墨烯中含有6.02*1022个碳原子C石墨烯是一种有机物D.石墨烯中的碳原子间以共价键结合答案：D解析：同位素的研究对象是原子，A选项错误；0.12g石墨烯的物质的量为0.01mol，所含碳原子个数为0.01N，B选项错误；有机物一般含有碳、氢元素，C选项错误；由图示可知，A石墨烯中碳原子间均为共价键结合，D选项正确。
8. 北京奥运会期间对大量盆栽鲜花施用了S-诱抗素制剂，以保证鲜花盛开，S-诱抗素的分子结构如图，下列关于该分子说法正确的是A.含有碳碳双键、羟基、羰基、羧基B.含有苯环、羟基、羰基、羧基C.含有羟基、羰基、羧基、酯基D.含有碳碳双键、苯环、羟基、羰基答案：A解析：从图示可以分析，该有机物的结构中存在3个碳碳双键、1个羰基、1个醇羟基、1个羧基。
A选项正确。
9. 下列选用的相关仪器符合实验要求的是答案：B解析：浓硝酸具有强氧化性，不能用橡胶塞，一般用玻璃塞，A 选项错误；水和乙酸乙酯的互不相溶，用分液漏斗分离，B 选项正确；量筒量取液体只能精确到0.1mL ，C 选项错误；实验室制取乙烯需要的温度为170℃，该温度计的量程不足，D 选项错误。
10. 在溶液中能大量共存的一组离子或分子是A.+4NH 、+H 、-3NO 、-3HCOB.K + 、Al 3+、-24SO 、NH 3·H 2OC.Na +、K +、-23SO 、Cl 2D.Na + 、CH 3COO -、-23CO 、OH -答案：D .解析：A 项中H ＋与HCO 3－能够反应生成CO 2气体，不能大量共存，错误；Al 3＋与氨水可以发生反应：Al 3＋＋3NH 3·H 2O=Al(OH)3↓＋3NH 4＋，B 选项错误；Cl 2具有氧化性，可以将SO 32－氧化为SO 42－，方程式为：Cl 2＋H 2O ＋SO 32－=SO 42－＋Cl －＋2H ＋，C 选项错误。
11. 汽车尾气净化中的一个反应如下：()()NO g CO g +221()()2N g C O g + 14.373-⋅-=∆mol KJ H在恒容的密闭容器中，反应达到平衡后，改变某一条件，下列示意图正确的是：答案：C解析：该反应为气体计量数减小的放热反应，升高温度，平衡逆向移动，生成物浓度减小，反应物浓度增大，平衡常数减小，A 选项错误；同理，升高温度，平衡逆向移动，CO 的转化率减小，B 选项错误；平衡常数只与热效应有关，与物质的量无关，C 选项正确；增加氮气的物质的量，平衡逆向移动，NO 的转化率减小，D 选项错误。
12. Cu 2O 是一种半导体材料，基于绿色化学理念设计的制取.Cu 2O 的电解池示意图如下，点解总反应：2Cu+H 2O==Cu 2O+H 2O ↑。
下列说法正确的是A.石墨电极上产生氢气B.铜电极发生还原反应C.铜电极接直流电源的负极D.当有0.1mol 电子转移时，有0.1molCu 2O 生成。
答案：A.解析：由电解总反应可知，Cu 参加了反应，所以Cu 作电解池的阳极，发生氧化反应，B 选项错误；石墨作阴极，阴极上是溶液中的H ＋反应，电极反应为：2H ＋＋2e －=H 2↑，A 选项正确；阳极与电源的正极相连，C 选项错误；阳极反应为2Cu ＋2OH －－2e －=Cu 2O ＋H 2O ，当有0.1mol 电子转移时，有0.05molCu 2O 生成，D 选项错误。
13. 向体积为0.05mol·L -1CH 3COOH 溶液中加入体积为V b 的0.05mol·L -1KOH 溶液，下列关系错误．．的是 A. V a >V b 时：c (CH 3COOH) +c (CH 3COO -)>c (K +） B. V a =V b 时：c (CH 3COOH) +c (H +)>c (OH -）C. V a <V b 时：c (CH 3COO -)>c (K +）> c (OH -）> c (H ）D. V a 与V b 任意比时：c (K +）+ c (H +) ＝c (OH -）+ c (CH 3COO -) 答案：C解析：若Va>Vb ，醋酸过量，根据物料守恒可知，n (CH 3COOH)+ n (CH 3COO －)=0.05Va ，n (K ＋)= 0.05VVb ，则A 选项正确；若Va=Vb ，反应后为CH 3COOK 溶液，由于的CH 3COO －水解而显碱性，根据质子守恒可知，B 选项正确；若Va<Vb ，说明碱过量，当碱液加的量足够多，则可以存在c (K ＋)>c (CH 3COO －)，C 选项错误；D 选项符合电荷守恒，正确。
14. 原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。