road building
地址／地名翻译常识
如何翻译地名、地址？地址／地名翻译常识地址翻译错误也属于重大错误，也是初入行的翻译最容易忽视和犯的错。
地址翻译原则1．中国地址翻译成英文的翻译基本原则是：音译。
用汉语拼音转写，参考《中国地名汉语拼音字母拼写规则》，但不用标记调号。
2．汉语地名：地名分专名和通名，专名按照汉语拼音方案处理，首字母大写，连写，不需要连接符。
通名要按英文翻译。
如：广东省 Guangdong Province.单音节的名称要专名和通名连写：如泰山：Taishan Mt.注意：景德镇应该是： Jingdezhen, 不是 Jingde Town, 为什么呢？参！3. 非汉语地名本着“名从主人”的原则，按照罗马字母（拉丁字母）原文书写；非罗马字母文字的地名，按照该文字的罗马字母转写法拼写。
如：呼和浩特： Hohhot,伦敦： London4. 地址翻译的顺序差异，如英文中一串地名是按照从小地方到大地方的顺序排列的，汉语相反，从大到小；翻译时，不可照搬顺序（见样例）。
5．地址翻译每个词首字母必须大写，如 Chicago, Illionois; West Columbus Avenue； South Pleasant Street；（在文章中遇到的普通地理名词不指专门的地名的部分不用大写，其中有些跟在两个专门名词或一般名词后面有复数形式的一般地理名称，如 the Himalaya and Andes mountains; the Zhujiang delta, the river valley, the Caribbean islands, the Atlantic coast of La brador）。
6．机构名称词首字母必须大写，the Ministry of Education; Daxinya Translation Co., Ltd.; 7．在翻译地址时，所有大厦、住宅楼、公寓、房间或套房的编号用阿拉伯数字表示，除“1”外（这要写出文字来―One）；如：6 Lincoln Road， 2368 Baoannan Road; Apt. 281, Regency Park D rive; Room 617, Jiahuage; One Baoannan Road;8．街道编号要把数字写成序数词，如145th Street，Bagua 3rd Road (八卦三路)；如果遇上“第十二大街238号”这样的地址怎么办？可以这样翻译：238-12th Street, 或238 Twelfth Street;9．跨省的国道及其他高速公路编号用阿拉伯数字，如：137国道，翻译成： State Highway 137 (或 Interstate 137)10．在地址的翻译中经常用缩写，表示缩写的句号 "." 经常也省略了（见样例）11．不会读的地名要查字典。
二年级英语上册 Unit1 Where I live(3)教案 沪教牛津版
Unit1 Where I liveThird Period Let’s learn一、主要新授内容(New contents)Let’s learn---bin , park , road , building二、学习目标(Learning objectives)1．能用正确的语音语调认读bin , park , road , building ,能听懂四个新授单词的含义。
2．能够在实际周围居住环境中正确表述bin , park , road , building 的含义。
3．在一年级学习的基础上，能熟练的运用所学的单词进行句型替换练习和口语交际。
二．教学建议1、任务前期准备阶段（Pre-task preparation section）Activity 1（Action）1、教学辅助(Aids)小物品Activity 2 ( Revision)1、教学辅助(Aids)单词卡片图片2、任务中期实施阶段（While-task procedure section）Activity 1（New word）1.教学辅助录音机图片1.教学辅助录音机图片Activity 3（New word）1.教学辅助录音机图片2.活动过程（Process）1.教学辅助录音机图片Activity 5 (Game)1、教学辅助(Aids)录音机图片磁带2、活动过程（Process）Activity 6 (Game)1、教学辅助(Aids)录音机图片磁带3. 任务后期完成阶段（Post-task activity section ） Activity 1 ( Rhyme) 1、教学辅助(Aids) 单词图片Activity 2 (Story) 1、教学辅助(Aids)小黑板 练习纸。
建筑名词中英文对照
设计指标：s t a t i s t i c s 用地面积：site area建筑占地面积：building foot print总建筑面积：total area建筑面积 floor area,building area地上建筑面积：ground area地下建筑面积：underground area整体面积需求: Demand for built area公共绿地：public green land备用地用地：reserved land容积率：FAR建筑密度：building coverage绿地率：green ratio绿化率：green landscape ratio建筑高度：building height层数：number of floors停车位：parking unit地面停车：ground parking地下停车：underground parking使用面积：usable area公用面积：public area实用面积：effective area居住面积：living area计租面积 rental area 租用面积得房率：effien开间 bay进深 depth跨度 span坡度：slope,grade净空：clearance净高：clear height净空楼梯间下：headroom净距：clear distance套内面积：unit constraction area公摊面积：shared public area竣工面积：辅助面积：service area结构面积：structural area交通面积：communication area,passage area共有建筑面积：common building area共有建筑面积分摊系数：common building area amount coefficient 公用建筑面积：public building area销售面积：sales area绿化覆盖率：green coverage ratio层高：floor height净高：clear height公用建筑面积分摊系数：public building area amount coefficient 住宅用地： residential area 其他用地：公共服务设施用地：land for public facilities道路用地：land for roads公共绿地：public green space道路红线：road property line建筑线建筑红线：set back line用地红线： property line,boundary line第一轮：1st round计划和程序：schedule and program工程进度表：working schedule构造材料表：list of building materials and construction设计说明：design statement图纸目录和说明：list of drawings and descriptions项目标准：project standards总结：conclusion文本及陈述：封皮：cover目录：content技术经济指标：technical and economical index概念规划设计：conceptual master paln and architectural design 基地分析：location analysis项目区位分析图：description of the region site and city space view analyze 概念构思说明：chief design concept指导思想设计主旨：key concepts概述：introduction宗旨：mission statement愿景及设计效果：vision and design concept城市空间景观分析：urban space landscape identity绿化景观分析：landscape analysis交通分析：traffic analysis生态系统：ecological system地块A：area A模型照片：model images案例分析：case study草图：sketches设计构思草图：concept sketches规划总平面图：site plan鸟瞰图：bird view功能分区图：function organization单体透视图：unit perspective 1-1剖面图：section 1-1立面图：elevation沿街立面图：street elevation平面图：plan地下一层平面图：basement plan；B1 plan 首层平面图：F1 plan；ground floor plan 二层平面图：2F floor plan设计阶段 stages of design草图 sketch方案 scheme初步设计 preliminary design施工图 working drawing平面图 plan平面放大图 plan in enlarged scale剖面图 section立面图 elevation节点详图 detail drawing透视图 perspective drawings鸟瞰图 birds-eye view示意图 schematic diagram区划图 block plan位置图 location示意图：schematic diagram背景介绍：project background报告书目的：purpose of report专案区位背景：Context of ;;;区域交通架构：regional circulation framework 区域活动架构：regional district framework区域发展架构：regional development framework 基地分析：site understanding现状土地利用：existing land use现状交通系统：existing circulation现状城市机理：existing city fabric机遇与限制：opportunities and constrains经济分析与策略：economic strategies房地产经济：real estate market标高 elevation绝对标高 absolute elevation相对标高 relative elevation设计标高 designed elevation海拔标高：altitude elevation above sea level 坐标 ordinate基准点 datum mark等高线 contour line高差 difference in elevation土方工程量 volume of earthwork技术经济指标 technical and economic index设计进度 period of design设计范围scope of design方案比较 scheme comparison,alter-native for competition 建筑形式 architectural style自然条件 natural condition风玫瑰图 wind rose地形图 graphical map现场勘查 field inspection地质勘察资料 geological exploration data城建规划部门 city planning department防火等级 fire resistance rating城市干道 city thoroughfares回车场 turnarounds地下水：subsurface water,ground water地表水：surface water汇水面积：water shed area,catchment area洪水位：floodtide level综合管沟：combination of pipe line循环水系统：circulating water system消防系统：hydrant system雨水：rain water,storm water,drain water 雨水管雨落管：down pipe,rain water pipe淋浴喷头：shower pipe水泵：water pump透明度：transparency化粪池：septic tank管井：tube well雨水井：gully合成树脂：synthetic resin晶体：crystal检修孔：inspection hole,access hole建筑设计规范 code for architectural design 防火规范 fire protection standards建造投资 investment of construction景观设计 landscaping概算：budgetary estimate预算：budget决算：final accounts建筑绘图常用词线条：lines曲线：curve虚线：dotted line实线：full line斜线：bias line双曲线：hyperbola；hyperbole 轴线：axis定位轴线：locating axis中心线：center line等高线：contour line箭头：arrow索引：index垂直：vertical水平：horizontal平行：parallel横向的：transverse横向尺寸：sectional dimension 几何图形：geometrical figure 圆形：round方形：square矩形：rectangle平行四边形：parallelogram六角形：hexagon梯形：trapezoid椭圆形：elliptic oval扇形：sector直角：right angle圆角：rounded angle半径：radius直径：diameter外径：outside diameter内径：inside diameter长度：length展开长度：developed length 总长：overall length宽度：width高度：height厚度：thickness薄：thin深度：depth单位：units公里：kilometer米：meter分米：decimeterdm厘米：centimetercm毫米：millimetermm重量：weight净重：net weight总重：total weight公斤：kilogram克：gram吨:ton度：degree体积：volume数量：quantity公升：litter百分率：percentage描图纸：tracing paper一般建筑材料、建筑构件常用词轴线,定位轴线：axis , locating axis 对称：symmetry结构：structure细节设计：Detailing视线：Sightline板：Plank热桥：Thermal bridge斜线：Oblique line扶手：handrail, railing钢结构：steel structure饰面材料：facing materials风口：air duct封堵：Sealing主墙：Chief Wall铝板：Aluminum Sheet真空保温板：Vip=Vacuum insulation panel 保温：thermal insulation吸音：sound absorption耐火材料：non-inflammable materials磨砂玻璃：sandblased glass,rubbed glass 玻璃砖：glass brick油漆：paint金：gold银：silves铜紫铜：copper黄铜：brass青铜：bronze铝：aluminium铸钢：cast steel不锈钢：stainless steel纤维板：fibre board铁钉：nails铆钉：rivet螺丝：screw螺栓：bolt高强螺栓：high strength tensile bolt 钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete砂浆：mortar水泥：cement水磨石：terrazzo大理石：marble花岗岩：granite石膏：gypsum面砖：tile瓷砖：enameled brick釉面砖：glazed tile琉璃砖：terra cotta砖：brick马赛克：mosaic卫生器具：sanitary fixture 马桶： closet bowlpan蹲坑：squatting pan小便斗：urinal洗脸盆：wash basin妇洗器：bidet洗涤盆,水池：sink浴缸：bathtub淋浴：shower地漏：floor drain水龙头：tap毛巾架：towel rack肥皂盒：soap holder手纸盒：toilet paper holder 污水池：sewage sink厨房水池：kitchen sink起重机,吊车：crane,monorail 壁柜：closet消火栓：fire hydrant窗帘：curtain窗帘盒：curtain box窗台板：window board外窗台：sill老虎窗：dormer window天窗：skylight,monitor百叶窗：shutter纱窗：screen window卷帘门：rolling shutter door旋转门：revolving door折门：folding door弹簧门：swing door双向弹簧门：double acting sping door 防火门：fire door一般建筑房间名词梯田,屋子平顶,倾斜的平地：Terrace柱子：Column小块土地：Plot玄关： foyer隔断：partition过道：passageway标准层：standard floor阳台：balcony平台：terrace中庭：atrium走廊：corridor, passageway遮雨篷遮阳篷：awning入口：entrance地下室：basement, cellar半地下室：semi basement, sub basement公安局：police station法院：court house检察院：procuratorate台北国际大厦：taibei international building广播电视东方中心：oriental broadcasting & TV station 东方商务广场：oriental business concourse综合行政中心：comprehensive administrative centre 和建筑有关的名词和形容词：理性：rational；logos浪漫：romatic自然：nature科技：technology放松：relaxation活化：reinvigoration逻辑：logic混乱：confusion有秩序的：regular完整的：integrated；whole整齐：in order；orderliness杂乱无章：scattered and disorderly 沉重：ponderosity可持续发展：sustainable development 弹性：flexible多元化：diverse创造：creativity启发：inspiration人为环境：man-made environment自然环境：natural environment循环：cycle二元：duality摘要：abstract关键词：key words象征,代表：symbol发展适宜性分析：Developments suitability analysis 环境分析：environmental analysis土地使用测略：land use strategy规划备选方案：Alternative master plans土地使用平面：land use map开放空间架构：open space framework开放空间系统：open space system区域中心： Regional/focal point景观轴线：green axis/ finger山谷/溪流： valley/ creek水体：water body绿色屏障：green backdrop山顶：hill top景观视线分析：visual quality analysis 制高点：high point景观点：visual focal point标志性建筑群：signature buildings地标建筑：landmark tower视线通廊：view corridor视觉景锥视角：view coneangle交通动线系统：circulation hierarchy 城市干道：express way,city major road 主干道：primary road次干道：secondary road支路：community street交通节点：transit node景观环路：scenic loop公交终点站：bus terminal特钲分区：district character分期开发：phasing plan一期：phasing 1详细规划：detail control guideline土地需求总量分析：land demand analysis规划结构：planning framework启动项目：pilot projects邓加湖社区：dengjia lake community创意街区：creative district湖畔社区：lakeside community景观设计概念：landscape design concepts主要区域：key areas感受：to feel交流：to interact颂赞：to embrace视觉景观/认知景观：visual landscape / perceptual landscape 景观分区：landscape focal point景观风格分区：landscape identity软景和硬景：soft and hard edges水之广场：water front plaza亲水步阶：steps to water草坡休闲椅：seat walls on slopping lawn 散步道：promenade眺望点：look out point大草坪：the grand lawn塔：tower野餐聚集地：picnic area创意空间：multi purpose open space水岸步道：water front board work绿廊：green corridor声乐雕塑公园：sound sculpture park地块界线：parcel line建议岸线：proposed lake edge原有岸线：existing lake edge开放空间：open space水闸：water gate水坝：dam绿色建筑设计：green building design节能,有能源效果的：Energy-efficient建筑生态化：eco-architecture生态复育：ecological restoration热的：Thermal热封闭：Thermal envelope一、英美制到公制换算Linear Measure 长度单位:1 inch 英寸= millimetres 毫米1 foot 英尺=12 inches 英寸= metre 米1 yard 码=3 feet 英尺= metre 米1 statute mile 英里=1760 yards 码= kilometres 千米1 nautical mile 海里=1852 m. 米Square Measure 面积单位:1 square inch 平方英寸=5 平方厘米1 square foot 平方英尺=144 .平方英寸= 平方分米1 square yard 平方码=9 . 平方英尺= 平方米1 acre 英亩=4840 .平方码= hectare 公顷1 square mile 平方英里=640 acres 英亩=259 hectares 公顷Cubic Measure 体积单位:1 cubic inch 立方英寸=1 立方厘米1 cubic foot 立方英尺=1728 . 立方英寸= 立方米1 cubic yard 立方码=27 . 立方英尺= 立方米12Capacity Measure 容积单位:1、Britich 英制1 pint 品脱=20 fluid oz. 液量盎司= . 立方英寸= litre 升1 quart 夸脱=2 pints 品脱= litres 升1 gallon 加伦=4 quarts 夸脱= litres 升1 peck 配克=2 gallons 加伦= litres 升1 bushel 蒲式耳=4 pecks 配克=3 litres 升1 quarter 八蒲式耳=8 bushels 蒲式耳= hectolitres 百升2．1、American dry 美制干量1 pint 品脱= . 立方英寸= litre 升1 quart 夸脱=2 pints 品脱= litres 升1 peck 配克=8 quarts 夸脱= litres 升1 bushel 蒲式耳=4 pecks 配克= litres 升2．2、American liquid 美制液量1 pint 品脱=16 fluid oz. 液量盎司= . 立方英寸= litre 升1 quart 夸脱=2 pints 品脱= litre 升1 gallon 加伦=4 quarts 夸脱= litres 升Avoirdupois Weight 常衡单位:1 grain 格令= gram 克1 dram 打兰= grams 克1 ounce 盎司=16 drams 打兰= grams 克1 pound 磅=16 ounces 盎司=7000 grains 谷= kilogram 千克1 stone 英石=14 pounds 磅= kilograms 千克1 quarter 四分之一英担=2 stones 英石= kilograms 千克1 hundredweight 英担=4 quarters 四分之一英担= kilograms 千克1 short ton 短吨美吨=2000 pounds 磅= tonne 公吨1 long ton 长吨英吨=20 hundredweight 英担= tonnes 公吨二、公制到英制换算Linear Measure 长度单位:1 millimetre 毫米= inch 英寸1 centimetre 厘米=10 mm. 毫米= inch 英寸1 decimetre 分米=10 cm. 厘米= inches 英寸1 metre 米=10 dm. 分米= yards 码= feet 英尺1 decametre 十米=10 m. 米= yards 码1 hectometre 百米=100 m. 米= yards 码1 kilometre 千米=1000 m. 米= mile 英里1 mile marin 海里=1852 m. 米= mile 英里Square Measure 面积单位:1 square centimetre 平方厘米= 平方英寸1 square metre 平方米= 平方码1 are 公亩=100 square metres 平方米= 平方码1 hectare 公顷=100 ares 公亩= acres 英亩1 square kilometre 平方公里= 平方英里Cubic Measure 体积单位:1 cubic centimetre 立方厘米= 立方英寸1 cubic metre 立方米= 立方码Capacity Measure 容积1 millilitre 毫升= pint British 英制品脱1 centilitre 厘升=10 ml. 毫升= pint 品脱1 decilitre 分升=10 cl. 厘升= pint 品脱1 litre 升=10 dl. 分升= pints 品脱1 decalitre 十升=10 l. 升= gallons 加伦1 hectolitre 百升=100 l. 升= bushels 蒲式耳1 kilolitre 千升=1000 l. 升= quarters 八蒲式耳Weight 重量单位:1 milligram 毫克= grain 谷1 centigram 厘克=10 mg. 毫克= grain 谷1 decigram 分克=10 cg. 厘克= grains 谷1 gram 克=10 dg. 分克= grains 谷1 decagram 十克=10 g. 克= drams 打兰1 hectogram 百克=100 g. 克= ounces 盎司1 kilogram 千克=1000 g. 克= pounds 磅1 ton metric ton 吨,公吨=1000 kg. 千克= long ton 长吨,英吨= 短吨,美吨。
中文地址翻译成英文地址方法和技巧
中文地址翻译成英文地址的方法和技巧中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。
如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。
1.各部分写法●Ｘ室：Room Ｘ●Ｘ号：No. X●Ｘ单元：Unit Ｘ●X楼/层：X/F●Ｘ号楼：Building No. Ｘ●住宅区/小区：Residential Quater●Ｘ街：ＸStreet●Ｘ路：ＸRoadEast / Central / West 东路/ 中路/ 西路芙蓉西二路/ West 2nd Furong RoadCentral Dalian Rd. /大连中路芙蓉中路的“中”可以用Central，也有用Middle的，一般用Mid比较简洁。
●Ｘ区：ＸDistrict●Ｘ镇：ＸTown●Ｘ县：ＸCounty●Ｘ市：ＸCity●Ｘ省：ＸProvince●国家（State）中华人民共和国：The People’s Republic of China、P.R.China、P.R.C.、China●X信箱：M ailbox X请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。
各地址单元间要加逗号隔开。
2.英文通信地址常用翻译201室/房Room 201二单元Unit 2马塘村Matang Vallage一号楼/栋Building 1华为科技公司Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.xx公司xx Corp. / xx Co., Ltd.宿舍Dormitory厂Factory楼/层Floor酒楼/酒店Hotel住宅区/小区Residential Quater县County甲/乙/丙/丁A/B/C/D镇Town巷/弄Lane市City路Road（也简写作Rd.，注意后面的点不能省略）一环路1st Ring Road省Province(也简写作Prov.）花园Garden院Yard街Street/Avenue大学College/University信箱Mailbox区DistrictA座Suite A广场Square州State大厦/写字楼Tower/Center/Plaza胡同Alley（北京地名中的条即是胡同的意思）中国部分行政区划对照自治区Autonomous Region直辖市Municipality特别行政区Special Administration Region 简称SAR 自治州Autonomous Prefecture盟Prefecture县County自治县Autonomous County自治州Autonomous Prefecture旗county乡Township12号No.12长安街Chang An street长安公司Chang An Company南京路Nanjing road宝山区BaoShan District赵家酒店ZhaoJia hotel钱家花园: Qianjia garden孙家县Sunjia county李家镇Lijia town广州市Guangzhou city广东省Guangdong province中国China3.英语地址写法中的常用缩写词Avenue: Ave.Road: Rd.Square: Sq.Province: Prov.Street: St.District: Dist.Floor: /FRoom: Rm.Apartment: Apt.Building: Bldg.Mountain: Mt.注意：●简写中的点不能省略，如Rd., Prov.；●xx东路/南路/西路/北路中的东南西北可分别缩写E/S/W/N，且一定要放在路名前，如（延安西路）West Yan'an Rd. 而不是Yan'an West Rd.；●Room 1203, Building 2 （2号楼1203室）可以简写成2-1203。
小学英语二年级下册第一单元知识点
小学英语二年级下册第一单元知识点词汇学习：bin 垃圾箱park 公园road 路building 大楼Shanghai 上海apple 苹果bird 鸟clean 弄干净sweep 扫desk 书桌floor 地板where 哪里live居住love 爱use 用every 每一个day 天keep 保持复习巩固：please 请classroom 教室bicycle 自行车slide 滑梯swing 秋千doll 娃娃ball 球balloon 气球point to 指向词汇拓展：home 家the Bund 外滩tower 塔举一反三：1.上海版小学英语二年级下册第一单元知识点：Clean the bicylce, please. 请把自行车弄干净。
2.Clean the classroom, please. 请把教室弄干净。
3.Sweep the classroom, please. 请把教室扫一扫。
4.Sweep the road, please. 请把马路扫一扫。
5.Where do you live? I live in Songjiang. I love Songjiang.你居住在哪里? 我居住在松江。
我爱松江。
6.Where do you live? I live in Jiading. I love Jiading.你居住在哪里? 我居住在嘉定。
我爱嘉定。
7.This is my mother. She is a nurse. I love my mother.这是你的母亲。
她是一名护士。
我爱我的母亲8.That is my father. He is a postman. I love my father.那是我的父亲。
他是一名邮递员。
我爱我的父亲。
9.I love my teacher. I love my school.我爱我的老师。
我爱我的学校。
10.I use the bin every day. 我每天都使用垃圾箱。
二年级英语期中复习重点要点
二年级英语期中复习重点要点二年级英语期中复习重点要点二年级英语期中复习重点要点1.单词：bin垃圾桶park公园road马路building建筑物Shanghai上海pizza披萨biscuit饼干hotdog热狗juice果汁water水play玩run 跑sleep睡觉swim游泳plane飞机ferry轮船train火车taxi出粗车car小汽车bus公交车van货车stop停止light灯go走fast快的slow慢的in在…里面on在…上面under在…下面bell铃铛star星星present礼物tree树hats帽子gloves手套scarfs围巾winter冬天cold冷得wind风snow雪tie领带belt腰带socks袜子shirt衬衣dress裙子coat外罩、大衣2.句子a)Cleanthedesk,please.请清理桌子。
b)Sweepthefloor,please.请打扫地板。
c)Have/Eatsomenoodles.吃点面条吧。
d)Have/Drinksomesoup.喝点汤吧。
e)Comeandplaywithme.过来跟我一起玩吧。
f)Comeandsingwithme.过来跟我一起唱吧。
g)Getinthecar.上汽车h)Getoffthebus.下公交车i)Redlight.Stop!红灯停。
j)Yellowlight.Wait!黄灯等一等。
k)Greenlight.Go!绿灯走。
l)Putthetreeintheroom.把树放到房间里。
m)Putthestaronthetree.把星星放到树上。
n)Putthepresentunderthetree.把礼物放到树下。
o)Lookattheclock.看这个钟表。
p)Listentotheclock.听这个钟表。
q)Lookatthesnow.看雪。
r)Listentothewind.听风。
s)Putonyourcoat.穿上你的大衣。
城市规划专业英语词汇
城市规划专业英语词汇unban planning 城市规划town planning 城镇规划act of urban planning 城市规划法urban comprehensive planning 城市总体规划urban detailed planning 城市详细规划Residentiral district detailed planning 修建性详规regulatory detailed planning 控制性详规规划类的专业课程reginal planning 区域规划urban system planning 城镇体系规划urban sociology 城市社会学urban economic 城市经济学urban geograghy 城市地理学urban infrastructure planning 城市基础设施规划(water supply and drainage \electricity supply\road building)（城市供水、供电、道路修建）urban road system and transportation planning 城市道路系统和交通规划urban road cross-section 城市道路横断面RS=remote sensing 遥感Gardening==Landscape architecture 园林=营造景观学Urban landscape planning and design 城市景观规划和设计Urban green space system planning 城市绿地系统规划Urban design 城市设计Land-use planning 土地利用规划The cultural and historic planning 历史文化名城Protection planning 保护规划Urbanization 城市化Suburbanization 郊区化Public participation 公众参与Sustainable development(sustainability) 可持续性发展（可持续性）Over-all urban layout 城市整体布局Pedestrian crossing 人行横道Human scale 人体尺寸(sculpture fountain tea bar) （雕塑、喷泉、茶吧）Traffic and parking 交通与停车Landscape node 景观节点Brief history of urban planningArchaeological 考古学的Habitat 住处Aesthetics 美学Geometrical 几何学的Moat 护城河Vehicles 车辆，交通工具,mechanization 机械化merchant-trader 商人阶级urban elements 城市要素plazas 广场malls 林荫道The city and region Adaptable 适应性强的Organic entity 有机体Department stores 百货商店Opera 歌剧院Symphony 交响乐团Cathedrals 教堂Density 密度CapacityCirculation 循环Elimination of water 水处理措施In three dimensional form 三维的Condemn 谴责Rural area 农村地区Regional planning agencies 区域规划机构Service-oriented 以服务为宗旨的Frame of reference 参考标准Distribute 分类Water area 水域Alteration 变更Inhabitants 居民Motorway 高速公路Update 改造论文写作Abstract 摘要Key words 关键词Reference 参考资料Urban problemDimension 大小Descendant 子孙，后代Luxury 奢侈Dwelling 住所Edifices 建筑群<Athens Charter>雅典宪章Residence 居住Employment 工作Recreation 休憩Transportation交通Swallow 吞咽，燕子Urban fringes 城市边缘Anti- 前缀，反对……的；如：antinuclear反核的 anticlockwise 逆时针的Pro- 前缀，支持，同意……的；如：pro-American 亲美的pro-education重教育的Grant 助学金，基金Sewage 污水Sewer 污水管Sewage treatment plant 污水处理厂Brain drain 人才流失Drainage area 汇水面积Traffic flow 交通量Traffic concentration 交通密度Traffic control 交通管制Traffic bottleneck 交通瓶颈地段Traffic island 交通岛（转盘）Traffic point city 交通枢纽城市Train-make-up 编组站Urban redevelopment 旧城改造Urban revitalization 城市复苏Urban FunctionUrban fabric 城市结构Urban form 城市形体Warehouse 仓库Material processing center 原料加工中心Religious edifices 宗教建筑Correctional institution 教养院Transportation interface 交通分界面CBD=central business district 城市中心商业区Public agencies of parking 停车公共管理机构Energy conservation 节能Individual building 单一建筑Mega-structures 大型建筑Mega- 大，百万，强Megalopolis 特大城市Megaton 百万吨R residence 居住用地黄色C commercial 商业用地红色M manufacture 工业用地紫褐色W warehouse 仓储用地紫色T transportation 交通用地蓝灰色S square 道路广场用地留白处理U utilities 市政公共设施用地接近蓝灰色G green space 绿地绿色P particular 特殊用地E 水域及其他用地（除E外，其他合为城市建设用地）Corporate 公司的，法人的Corporation 公司企业Accessibility 可达性；易接近Service radius 服务半径Urban landscapeTopography 地形图Well-matched 相匹配Ill-matchedVisual landscape 视觉景观Visual environment 视觉环境Visual landscape capacity 视觉景观容量Tour industry 旅游业Service industry 服务业Relief road 辅助道路Rural population 城镇居民Roofline 屋顶轮廓线风景园林四大要素：landscape plantarchitecture/buildingtopographywaterUrban designNature reserve 自然保护区Civic enterprise 市政企业Artery 动脉，干道，大道Land developer 土地开发商Broad thorough-fare 主干道Water supply and drainageA water supply for a town 城市给水系统Storage reservoir 水库，蓄水库Distribution reservoir 水库，配水库Distribution pipes 配水管网Water engineer 给水工程师Distribution system 配水系统Catchment area 汇水面积Open channel 明渠Sewerage system 污水系统，排污体制Separate 分流制Combined 合流制Rainfall 降水Domestic waste 生活污水Industrical waste 工业污水Stream flow 河流流量Runoff 径流Treatment plant 处理厂Sub-main 次干管Branch sewer 支管City water department 城市供水部门UrbanizationSpatial structure 空间转移Labor force 劳动力Renewable 可再生*Biosphere 生物圈Planned citiesBlueprints 蓝图License 执照，许可证Minerals 矿物Hydroelectric power source 水利资源Monuments 纪念物High-rise apartment 高层建筑物Lawn 草地Pavement 人行道Sidewalk 人行道Winding street 曲折的路A view of VeniceMetropolis 都市Construction work 市政建设Slums 平民窟Alleys 大街小巷Populate 居住Gothic 哥特式Renaissance 文艺复兴式Baroque 巴洛克式land allocation拨地Land and Building Advisory Committee [LBAC]土地及建设谘询委员会land assembly汇集土地；征集土地land bank土地储备；土地备用区land classification土地分类；土地分等land cost土地成本land development土地发展Land Development Corporation [LDC]土地发展公司〔土发公司〕Land Development Corporation Managing Board土地发展公司管理局Land Development Corporation Ordinance [Cap. 15]《土地发展公司条例》〔第15章〕land disposal批地land disposal programme批地计划land drainage and flood path system土地排水及防洪道系统Land Drainage Ordinance [Cap. 446]《土地排水条例》〔第446章〕land extensive industry广占土地的工业land form地形land formation土地平整；土地开拓land freight transport陆上货运land grant批地land holding consolidation土地业权收集land index土地指数Land Information System [LIS]土地信息系统land intensive industry土地集约工业land law土地法land lease批地契约；土地契约land levelling土地平整land management土地管理land owner土地拥有人；土地业权人；地主land ownership土地拥有权；土地业权land policy土地政策land premium地价；土地补价land production增辟土地land readjustment土地规划调整land reclamation填海辟地Land Record土地记录land registration土地注册Land Registration Ordinance [Cap. 128]《土地注册条例》〔第128章〕land resource土地资源land resumption收回土地land revenue土地收益land right土地权land sales programme售地计划land status土地类别；土地性质Land Sub-committee [Land and Building Advisory Committee]土地小组委员会〔土地及建设谘询委员会〕land supply土地供应land surveying土地测量land tenure土地年期；土地批租期；土地租用权；土地保有权land transaction土地交易land transport陆上运输land use土地用途land use classification土地用途分类land use control土地用途管制land use performance土地用途效能land use plan土地用途图则；土地用途计划land use survey土地用途调查Land Use Transport Optimization Model [LUTO]土地及运输最佳配合模式land use zoning土地用途地带；土地用途地带区划land valuation土地估价land value地价landed property地产landfill堆填区；垃圾堆填区landlord业主；地主；房东landmark地界标志；地志Lands Tribunal土地审裁处Lands Tribunal Ordinance [Cap. 17]《土地审裁处条例》〔第17章〕landscape景观；风景；园景landscape appraisal景观评估landscape architecture景观建筑学；园林建筑学；园景设计学landscape buffer园景缓冲区landscape conservation area景观保育区landscape mounding景观土丘landscape plan景观设计图landscape planning景观规划landscape protection area景观保护区；风景保护区landscape reinstatement景观重整；园景修复landscape strategy景观策略landscape value景观价值landscaped area景观美化地方；园景美化地方landscaping景观美化；环境美化landscaping proposal美化环境计划书landside非禁区〔机场〕landslide山泥倾泻landslip山泥倾泻lane行车线；车道；小巷Lantau Link青屿干线Lantau Port and Western Harbour Development Studies大屿山港口及西部海港发展研究Lantau Port and Western Harbour Development Studies Final Rep ort--Executive Summary《大屿山港口及西部海港发展研究最后报告──摘要》Lantau Port Development--Stage 1, Container Terminals 10 and11 Ancillary Works (Design) Study大屿山港口发展──第一期工程十号及十一号货柜码头附属工程（设计）研究Lantau Port Development--Stage 1, Container Terminals 10 and 11 (Preliminary Design) Study大屿山港口发展──第一期工程十号及十一号货柜码头（初步设计）研究large site reduction factor大型地盘折减因素latrine厕所launderette自助洗衣店laundry洗衣店；洗衣房lay-by避车处；路旁停车处；停车湾layout布局设计；设计；规划图layout area蓝图区；详细规划区layout plan发展蓝图；详细蓝图leachate treatment works渗滤污水处理厂lead time筹建时间lease批约；租约；租契；契约lease conditions批约条件；契约条件；批地条件；租赁条件；批约条款lease enforcement强制执行批约条款lease modification契约修订lease modification premium契约修订补价lease restriction契约限制lease term契约年期；租赁年期leased area批租地区leased land已批租土地leasehold按租约而持有业权legend图例lessee承租人；租户lessor批租人；出租人Letter "A"甲种换地权益书Letter "B"乙种换地权益书letter of intent意向书letter of modification建筑牌照规约修订书；契约修订书；批地条款修订书level crossing平交道口；铁路公路交叉点level of confidence置信程度level of significance显著水平library图书馆lifeguard tower救生员了望塔light industrial area轻工业区light industry轻工业Light Rail Scheme reserve轻便铁路计划专用范围Light Rail System轻便铁路系统Light Rail Transit [LRT]轻便铁路〔轻铁〕Light Rail Transit reserve轻便铁路专用范围Light Rail Transit terminus轻便铁路总站light traffic交通稀疏light well天井light-controlled junction灯号控制的路口lighter趸船；驳船limited access road限制出入的通道；限制出入的通路linear analysis图线分析linear block相连长形大厦linear city带形城市linear correlation线性相关linear development线状发展linear programming线性规划linear regression线性回归link连接部分；连接线link road连接路linked development相关发展linked project相关计划；相关工程linked signal system联动式交通灯系统linked site相关地盘livability适居程度livestock upgrading area禽畜业发展改善区livestock waste treatment禽畜废物处理living density居住密度living quarters住所living quarters frame屋宇单位记录库living quarters size住所面积load bearing负荷；承重load factor负荷率loading/unloading area上落客货区loading/unloading bay上落客货处loading/unloading facility上落客货设施local access road区内通道local centre地区中心；乡区中心local development value地区性发展价值local distributor地区干路local open space邻舍休憩用地local plan地区规划图local public works地区性小工程；乡村工程local traffic地区交通；区内交通locality地区；地点location plan位置图location theory区位论；位置理论locational requirement位置需求lodging house旅馆Long Term Housing Strategy长远房屋策略Long Term Road Study长期道路研究longitudinal profile纵断面图longitudinal section纵剖面；纵切面long-term development长远发展long-term planning长远规划lookout area观景区lookout pavilion观景亭lookout point观景处；观景台loop road回旋路；环路lorry and car parking货车及汽车停放处lot地段lot amalgamation地段合并lot boundary地段界线lot number地段编号lot section地段分段low tide低潮low-density residential development低密度住宅发展lower catchment area下段集水区lowland低地lowland rural area低地乡郊地区low-rise building矮楼宇；层数较少的楼宇low-rise development低层建筑lump sum contract整笔付款合约MMa Wan Feasibility Study马湾发展可行性研究macro-analysis宏观分析magistracy裁判法院main elevation主立视面maintenance depot维修站maisonette复式住宅major business centre主要商业中心major road主要道路mall商场；购物中心；广场；林荫道mangrove area红树林地区manhole沙井；探井man-land ratio人地比率manufacturing industry制造业map地图；图mapping survey地图制作测量mariculture海鱼养殖marina船只停泊处marine activity海事活动marine borrow area海上采泥区marine dumping area海上倾倒物料区marine engine workshop轮机工场Marine Fill and Disposal Strategy海上填料与倾卸策略marine fish culture海鱼养殖marine fuel depot船舶燃油库marine fuelling station船舶加油站marine mud海岸淤泥marine park海岸公园Marine Parks Ordinance [Cap. 476]《海岸公园条例》〔第476章〕marine research centre海洋研究中心marine reserve海岸保护区marine services support area海事服务后勤用地marine spoil ground海上废土场marine traffic海上交通marine-oriented industrial use与海事有关的工业用途marine-related facility与海事有关的设施marine-related repair workshop与海事有关的修理工场Mark I block [public housing]第一型大厦〔公屋〕Mark II block [public housing]第二型大厦〔公屋〕Mark III block [public housing]第三型大厦〔公屋〕Mark IV block [public housing]第四型大厦〔公屋〕Mark V block [public housing]第五型大厦〔公屋〕Mark VI block [public housing]第六型大厦〔公屋〕market街市；市场；市集market garden果菜园market gardening种植商品果菜market rent市值租金；市面租金market stall街市档位market town墟镇；市镇market value市价；市值marsh沼泽marshalling yard调车场；编组场mart市场；贸易中心；交易会mass transit line集体运输路线Mass Transit Railway [MTR]地下铁路〔地铁〕Mass Transit Railway concourse地下铁路车站大堂Mass Transit Railway depot地下铁路厂房Mass Transit Railway (Land Resumption and Related Provisions) Ordinance [Cap. 276]《地下铁路（收回土地及有关规定）条例》〔第276章〕Mass Transit Railway Modified Initial System地下铁路修正早期系统Mass Transit Railway tunnel地下铁路隧道Mass Transit Railway works area地下铁路工程区mass transit system集体运输系统Mass Transit vent shaft地下铁路通风塔Mass Transit vent shaft and other structures above ground lev el other than entrances地下铁路通风塔及高出路面的其他构筑物（入口除外）massage establishment按摩院master landscape plan园景设计总图master layout plan总纲发展蓝图master plan总纲规划；总纲图master scheme总纲计划material change of use实质改变用途material considerations实质考虑因素matrix矩阵matshed theatre戏棚mature tree成长树木；成材树mausoleum多层式陵墓maxicab/public light bus stand专线小巴／公共小型巴士站maximum attainable level可达到的最高水平maximum building height最高建筑物高度maximum permissible level准许的最高限度maximum population capacity最多可容纳人口数目meadow草场mean平均数mean formation level地基平均水平线；平均地基面mean household size平均家庭人数；平均住户人数mechanism机制；制度median中位数median income收入中位数medical laboratory医疗化验室medium density中等密度megalopolis大都会memorial park纪念公园memorial stone纪念碑mental hospital精神病院merging intersection汇点merging lane合流车道merging traffic合流交通meter room电表房methane沼气metre above Principal Datum [mPd]主水平基准以上……米metro area都会区Metro District Planning Division [Planning Department]都会区规划部〔规划署〕Metro Group Section [Planning Department]都会组〔规划署〕Metro Planning Committee [MPC] [Town Planning Board]都会计划小组委员会〔城市规划委员会〕Metroplan都会计划Metroplan Study都会计划研究metropolis都会metropolitan area都会区mezzanine阁楼micro-analysis微观分析mid-stream operation中流作业migration迁移military area军事地区military camp军营military land军事用地military use军事用途mine矿场minibus小型巴士mining and quarrying采矿及采石业mini-soccer pitch小型足球场minor road次级道路minor supply gathering ground小水量集水区mitigation measure纾缓措施mixed rental/HOS estate租住公屋及居屋混合式屋mixed use building混合用途楼宇mixed woodland混合林地moat护城河；城壕mobile clinic流动诊所mobile labour流动劳动力mobility流动性mock-up flat示范单位modal split各类交通工具乘客率分析mode方式；模式；众数〔统计学〕model模式；模型model flat示范单位modification修订；更改modification of lease修订契约modification of lease conditions契约条件修订modular market标准型街市monastery寺院monastery belt寺院地带Monetized Letter "B"币值化的乙种换地权益书money exchange外币兑换店monitoring监察monorail单轨铁路monument纪念性建筑物；遗址；古mooring buoy系泊浮筒；系船浮泡moratorium延期履行；延期履行权；冻结；冻结期mortality rate死亡率mortuary殓房mosque清真寺motel时租旅店；汽车酒店motor vehicle assembly plant汽车装配厂motor vehicle showroom汽车陈列室motorway高速公路moulding装饰线条mud disposal area弃土倾卸场；卸泥场mudflats泥滩multi-disciplinary涉及多种学科multi-leg intersection多线道路交汇点multi-level junction多层路口multiple ownership共有业权multiple regression analysis复回归分析multi-purpose building多用途楼宇multi-purpose terminal多用途码头multi-service centre for the elderly老人服务中心multi-storey block多层大厦multi-storey building多层大厦multi-storey car park多层停车场multi-storey car/lorry park私家车／货车多层停车场multivariate analysis多元变量分析museum博物馆music bowl露天音乐场music hall音乐厅。
学术综合英语_罗立胜 U1
Part A Part B
Pre-listening
Task 1 Listen and Take Notes
Listening
Task 2 Listen for Details
Listen to the lecture and try to get its main ideas by taking notes. Fill in the blanks according to your notes. 1.The lecture is mainly about ___________________________ the relationship between _____________________________________________ road building and economic development . grain and 2. The two important agricultural products are _______ _______ cotton . 3. In the East they ____________ grew grain . In the South they _____________ grew cotton . ____________ . 4. Advantages of roads: _____ fast and convenient 5. Purpose for road building: to _______________________________ transport grain and cotton
Part A Part B
Road Building Good morning, everyone. Today I’ll be talking about the relationship between road building and the development of the American economy during the 18th century. About 300 years ago, the United States’ economy was growing rapidly, mainly because of a booming trade in two important agricultural products: grain and cotton. Grain output in the eastern part of America increased quickly at that time due to the rapidly growing population and the large number of immigrants from Europe. As a result, the demand for grain almost doubled.
建筑名词中英文对照
设计指标：statistics用地面积：site area建筑占地面积：building foot print 总建筑面积：total area建筑面积 floor area，building area 地上建筑面积：ground area地下建筑面积：underground area整体面积需求: Demand for built area 公共绿地：public green land备用地用地：reserved land容积率：FAR建筑密度：building coverage绿地率：green ratio绿化率：green landscape ratio建筑高度：building height层数：number of floors停车位：parking unit地面停车：ground parking地下停车：underground parking 使用面积：usable area公用面积：public area实用面积：effective area居住面积：living area计租面积 rental area?租用面积得房率：effien开间 bay进深 depth跨度 span坡度：slope，grade净空：clearance净高：clear height净空（楼梯间下）：headroom净距：clear distance套内面积：unit constraction area公摊面积：shared public area竣工面积：辅助面积：service area结构面积：structural area交通面积：communication area，passage area共有建筑面积：common building area共有建筑面积分摊系数：common building area amount coefficient 公用建筑面积：public building area销售面积：sales area绿化覆盖率：green coverage ratio层高：floor height净高：clear height公用建筑面积分摊系数：public building area amount coefficient 住宅用地： residential area 其他用地：公共服务设施用地：land for public facilities道路用地：land for roads公共绿地：public green space道路红线：road property line建筑线（建筑红线）：set back line用地红线： property line，boundary line第一轮：1st round计划和程序：schedule and program工程进度表：working schedule构造材料表：list of building materials and construction 设计说明：design statement图纸目录和说明：list of drawings and descriptions项目标准：project standards总结：conclusion文本及陈述：封皮：cover目录：content技术经济指标：technical and economical index概念规划设计：conceptual master paln and architectural design基地分析：location analysis项目区位分析图：description of the region site and city space view analyze 概念构思说明：chief design concept指导思想（设计主旨）：key concepts概述：introduction宗旨：mission statement愿景及设计效果：vision and design concept城市空间景观分析：urban space landscape identity绿化景观分析：landscape analysis交通分析：traffic analysis生态系统：ecological system地块A：area A模型照片：model images案例分析：case study草图：sketches设计构思草图：concept sketches规划总平面图：site plan鸟瞰图：bird view功能分区图：function organization单体透视图：unit perspective 1-1剖面图：section 1-1立面图：elevation沿街立面图：street elevation平面图：plan地下一层平面图：basement plan；B1 plan 首层平面图：F1 plan；ground floor plan 二层平面图：2F floor plan设计阶段 stages of design草图 sketch方案 scheme初步设计 preliminary design施工图 working drawing平面图 plan平面放大图 plan in enlarged scale 剖面图 section立面图 elevation节点详图 detail drawing透视图 perspective drawings鸟瞰图 birds-eye view示意图 schematic diagram区划图 block plan位置图 location示意图：schematic diagram背景介绍：project background报告书目的：purpose of report专案区位背景：Context of 。
学术综合英语听力课文翻译unit1
Unit1Road BuildingGood morning, everyone. Today I’ll be talking about the relationship between road buildingand the development of the American economy during the 18th century. About 300 years ago, the United States’ economy was growing rapidly, mainly because of a booming trade in two important agricultural products: grain and cotton. 大家早上好。
今天，我将谈论18世纪道路建设和美国经济发展之间的关系。
大约300年前，美国的经济正在快速增长, 主要是因为一个蓬勃发展的两个重要的农产品贸易：粮食和棉花。
Grain output in the eastern part of America increased quickly at that time due to the rapidlygrowing population and the large number of immigrants from Europe. As a result, the demand forgrain almost doubled.由于快速增长的人口和大量来自欧洲的移民，当时美国东部的粮食产量迅速增加。
因此,对粮食的需求几乎翻了一倍。
For this reason, the trade in grain first developed in this part of the country. At the same time, the road system was gradually built up in order to transport the grain from the rural areas to various cities. The road building clearly helped develop the economy quickly in these areas and in the cities as well. 出于这个原因，粮食贸易在这个国家的这部分首先开发。
学术综合英语听力答案
学术综合英语Road building1.The lecture is mainly about the relationship between road building and economic development.2.The two important agricultural products are grain and cotton.3.In the East they grew grain; in the South they grew cotton.4.Advantages of roads: fast and convenient.5.Purpose for road building: to transport grain and cottonTask two1.A booming trade in grain and cotton2.Because of the rapidly growing population and the large number of immigrants from Europe.3.The farmers got laborers from Africa.4.Because it was easy and cheap to transport goods from one place to another.5.They built roads and collected fees.Mississippi River1.The origin of the River: Lake Itasca in Minnesota2.The total length: about 4,000 kilometers.3.The problem: flooding in summer4.The four ways: floodways, dams, levees and reservoirs5.Two functions: holding water and generating electricityTask two:1.31 U.S. states.2.It flows from the North to the Gulf of Mexico.3.They are empty channels. When the river is too high, the floodways are opened and some of the water can flow into the floodways.4.They are earthen walls built alongside a river, holding the water and keeping it from over flowing.5.Since the 20th century.Talking with Harry Potter1.He devoted most of his time to Harry Porter films.2.He is grateful for the brilliant organization on the film set, his tutors and his friends.3.People from other countries treat Daniel kindly, warmly and generously.4.He feels very lucky to have worked with the two Harry Potter directors.5.Daniel tries to live a normal life.Task two:1.Four2.He feels that he lives a busy, efficient and normal life.3.Not yet. Because he cannot afford the time.4.He is satisfied and pleased with it.5.He usually spends most of his spare time learning the bass guitar andwatching movies.Driving while on a cell phone1.This news report is about driving while talking on a cell phone.2.Because the research finds that those talking on a phone are more sluggish and slower in reacting.3.The researchers at the University of Utah, USA.4.In the summer of 2006.ing a driving simulator the researchers compared 40 people’s driving abilities in three groups: on the phone, drunk and with no distractions.Task two:1.It will increase the likelihood of an accident five-fold.2.Drunk drivers are aggressive, while those talking on the phone are more sluggish.3.It will reduce the driver’s reaction time by 9 percent in braking and 19 percent in picking up speed after braking.4.Some states have made laws to prohibit the use of cell phones while driving.5.It is not effective because the drivers will use the hands-free model, which is also dangerous.Quake kills at least 300te Monday.2.Near Nias Island, off the west coast of Indonesia.3.At least 300 people died and hundreds were injured.4.Between 8.5 and 8.7.5.The aid officials.Task two:1.People ran to hilltops for safety.2.Not tsunami happened after the earthquake.3.Residents within 1,000 kilometers of the epicenter were asked to evacuate coastal regions.4.India, Malaysia and Thailand.5.It was felt in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and as far north as Bangkok, ThailandThe men’s movementA.Male feministsB.Men’s support groupsC.Male activistsD.Mytho-poeticConclusion: The men’s movement is very diverse.1.Childcare and housework2.Teaching and nursingmunication and management problems4.Violence and inequality5.Because they can give and find support from other men6.They are trying to get back men’s power7.This group initiates men using mythology, poetry and other rituals, such as dancing, to explore and affirm the value of masculinity and masculine approaches to problem solving.Husbands and wivesHas been laid off, working full-time, helps with the housework, had a lot of work to do at home, took children to many places in the are, underestimated what she did, to work outside the home, two incomes, stronger1 F 2F 3T 4T 5F 6T 7T 8F 9T视听说Unit one:1)(1) a the statistics b eight c Hollywood/ Los Angeles(2) 1. An easy climb; remarkably under-represented2. chronicles, bailed out of companies3.of being marginalized4. play if safe, mimic the treadmill5. real positions of power, hard-core green lighters(3) keep, statistics, risen, senators, professors, executives, left, exhilarating, liberation, banging2) (1)c (2)d (3)b (4)a3) F F T F T4) C D DC DUnit two1)(1) a) 48 years old b) California c) a soldier killed in Iraq last year d) at the center of the flurry of media coverage, protest, and debate(2) 1. Noble cause 2. Our loved ones’ names 3. Become the front line 4. Flashpoint 5. Into the air(3) small, galvanized, question, motives, vigil, flashpoint, debate, fueled,supported, misgiving2) (1)d (2)a (3)b (4)c3) T F T T4) B C D A BUnit Three1)(1) a Air France b more than 300 c Paris, France d. Toronto, Canadae .skidding off the runway f. about 40(2) 1.burst into flames2. spontaneous applause3. flight attendants4. safety improvements5. the flight data and voice recorders(3) holding, completely, then, emergency, fire, flames, jump, running, plane,fear, blow2) (1)b (2)a (3)d (4)a。
描写地理环境的英文词语
描写地理环境的英文词语 river河流lake湖泊stream河；溪forest森林path小道road公路house房子bridge桥building建筑物rain雨cloud云sun太阳mountain山sky天空rainbow彩虹wind风air空气plants植物flower花grass 草tree 树seed种子sprout苗rose 玫瑰leaf 叶子EOGRAPHY 地理geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁 continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下 coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，经线parallel 平行圈geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区 horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极 expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁 continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石world dale cliff bluff plateau basin depressioncomtinent swamp marshland grassland prairie steppecomtinental desert gobi oasis island peninsula archipelago volcano (active volcano )(extinct volcano)land plain mountain hill hilly leak watersheddell暂时就想到这么多~1、Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed.—Francis Bacon, British philosopher欲驾驭自然必先顺之。
上海市部分著名建筑名称中外文对照表
上海市部分著名建筑名称中外文对照表建筑中文名称外文名称卜内门大楼 The Brunner, Mond & Co.Building 三井洋行大楼 Mitsui Bussan Kaisha 三井银行大楼 Mitsui Bank三菱银行大楼 Mistubishi Bank 大世界 Great World上海电力公司大楼 Shanghai Power Company 上海华商纱布交易所楼 The Shanghai Cotton Exchange 上海邮政大楼 Shanghai Post Office Building 上海总会大楼 The Shanghai Club 上海总商会议事厅(上海电子元件研究所南楼) Chinese Chamber Of Commerce 上海特别市图书馆 Shanghai Library 上海特别市政府大厦 Government Office Building 上海特别市博物馆楼 Shanghai Museum 上海基督教青年会大楼 Y.M.C.A. Building 凡尔登花园，白费利花园(长乐村) Verdun Terrace, Beverly Gardens 大上海大戏院 Metropolis Theatre 大光明电影院 Grand Theatre大华公寓 Majestic Apts.大来大楼 Robert Dollar Building 大新公司 Sun Co., Ltd女青年会大楼 Y.M.C.A. Building 广学会大楼 Christian Literature Society Building 飞龙大楼 Joffre Arcade马立斯住宅（瑞金宾馆一号 Morriss Estate马勒住宅 Moller Mansion 中山医院院舍 The Liang Tsai Hall of the Chung SanMemorial Hospital, Shanghai 中央研究院 Institute of Science 中央造币厂厂房 Shanghai Central Mint 中汇银行大楼 New Chung Wei Bank Building 中行大楼 The Bank of China Hongkew Branch1中西女中 McGregor Hall in McTyiere School for Girls 中国通商银行大楼The Imperial Bank of China, CommercialBank of China中法学校校舍 Ecole Franco-Chinoise 中南大楼 The China & South SeaBank 元芳大楼Messrs. Maitland & Co.’s Premises 公共租界工部局大楼Shanghai Municipal Council Building 友利银行大厦，天祥洋行大楼 Union Insurance Company, Union Building,The Chartered Mercantile Bank of India,London & China太阳公寓 Sun Apts.巴黎公寓 Paris Apts.巴黎公寓 Paris Court日本领事馆（联合国救灾办公室） The Consulate of Japan 日清大楼 The Nishin Navigation Company 王伯群住宅 Residence of the KMT Minister of Transportation业广地产有限公司 The Shanghai Land Investment Co. 东方汇理银行大楼The Banque de L’ Indochine 东方饭店 Grand Hotel东亚银行 East Asia Bank兰心大戏院 Lyceum Theatre台湾银行大楼 The Bank of Taiwan 四川路桥 Szechuen Road Bridge 四行储蓄会大楼 The Joint Savings Society Bank 圣三一基督教堂 Holy Trinity Church，The AnglicanCathedral圣尼古拉斯教堂 The St．Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church 圣母大堂Russian Orthodox Mission Church 圣约翰大学校舍 St．John's University 圣沙勿略天主堂(董家渡天主堂) St．Francisoo Xavier Church 圣依纳爵新堂(徐家汇天主堂) St．Ignatius Cathedral 圣若瑟天主堂 St. Joseph Cathedral 外白渡桥 Gauden Bridge2外滩信号台 The Gutzlaff Signal Tower 正广和公司大楼 Calbeck Macgregor's Office 正广和汽水厂厂房 Messrs Calbeck Macgregor & CO．永安公司，新永安公司 Wing On Co., Ltd．永年人寿保险公司大楼 China Mutual Life Insurance Company 汇中饭店 Palace House Hotel，Palace Hotel 汇丰银行大楼 Hong Kong and Shanghai BankingCorporation汉弥登大楼 Hamilton House皮裘公寓 Bijou Apts．礼和洋行大楼 The Carlowitz & Co．礼查饭店 Astor House Hotel 亚尔培公寓，皇家花园，梅谷公寓(陕南村) Mico's Apts.，King Albert Apts．亚细亚大楼，史塔夫大楼，麦边大楼 Asia Petroleum Company，Staff Buildings，Ltd.，McBain Building 亚洲文会大楼 The North China Branch of the RoyalAsiatic Society交通银行大楼 Bank of Communications 会乐精舍 Willow Court先施公司 Sincere Co., Ltd. 光陆大楼，光陆大戏院 Capitol Theatre华安合群人寿保险公司大楼 China United Apts．华俄道胜银行大楼 The St．Petersburg Russo-Asiatic Bank 华懋公寓 Cathay Mansions 华懋饭店Sassoon House同孚大楼（吴江大楼） Yates Apts.吕班公寓 Dubail Apts.字林西报大楼 North China Daily News Building 安息堂 Catholic Church 扬子大楼 Yangtsze Insurance Building 毕卡地公寓（衡山宾馆） Picardie Apts.江湾体育场 Shanghai Recreation Ground 百乐门舞厅 Paramount Ballroom 百老汇大厦 Broadway Mansions3自由公寓 Liberty Apts. 西本愿寺上海别院 Shanghai Nishi Honganji 西园大厦 West Park Mansions 西侨青年会大楼 The Foreign Y.M.C.A.Building 达华公寓 Hubertus Court 克莱门公寓 Clements Apts. 宏恩医院楼 Country Hospital 杜月笙住宅Mr.Y.S. Doo’s Residence on Route Doumer and Henry 杜美新村 Doumer Terrace 杨氏公寓（永业大楼） Young Apts. 杨树浦水厂 Shanghai Water Works 杨树浦电厂 River Power Plant, Shanghai Power Co. 沙逊别墅Sassoon’s Villa 犹太人总会，飞星公司 The Jewish Club，Star Ricsha Company’sBuilding犹太教堂，欧黑尔?雪切尔犹太会堂 Ohel Weida Building, Ohel Rachel SynagogueAstrid Apts. 阿斯屈来特公寓（南昌大楼）Chartered Bank 麦加利银行大楼,Lester Hospital 麦加圈医院大楼,Medhurst Apartments 麦特赫斯脱公寓（泰兴大楼）Magy Apts. 麦琪公寓Paul Henry Apts. 亨利（亨雷）公寓Arcadia Hall 味莼园，张园国立上海医学院校舍 National Medical College of Shanghai 国立上海高级机械职业学校校舍（德国技术工Deutsche Ingenieurschule 程学院，同济德文医学堂）国华银行大楼 China State Bank 国际礼拜堂 Community Church 国际饭店(四行储蓄会大楼) Park Hotel 国泰大戏院 Cathy Theatre4建设大厦 Development Building 怡和洋行 Ewo Office and Flats, Jardine Matheson &Co.Ltd.怡泰大楼，格林油船大楼 The Glen Line Ltd., Glen Line SteamshipCo. Building, Glen Line Building 枕流公寓 Brookside Apts. 林肯公寓（曙光公寓） Lincoln Apts. 河南路桥 New Honan Road Bridge 河滨大楼Embankment Building 法邮大楼 Campagnie des Messageries Maritimes 法国太子公寓，道斐南公寓（建国公寓） Dauphine Apts. 法租界公董局 The Municipal Council 法国总会 Cercle Sportif Francais 英国领事馆 British Consulate General 迦陵大楼 Liza Hardoon Building 金城银行大楼 Kincheng Bank 俄罗斯领事馆 The Old Russian Consulate 修道院公寓 The Cloister 南京大戏院(上海音乐厅) Naking Theatre 南洋公学校舍 Engineering Building at Chiao Tung University总巡捕房 The Central Police Head Quarters 美孚洋行大楼(黄中大楼) Standard-Vacuum Oil Company 美国乡村总会 Columbia Country Club 美国花旗总会会所 American Club 美琪大戏院 Majestic Theatre 美童公学校舍 Shanghai American School 峻岭公寓，茂名公寓及附楼，格林文纳公寓 The Grosvernor House 泰山公寓 Tai Shan Apts. 海关大楼 Chinese Maritime Customs House 海格大楼 Haig Court 爱司公寓 Estrella Apts. 爱林登公寓 (常德公寓) Eddington House 诸圣堂 The All Saints Church5诺曼底公寓，东美特公寓 Normandie Apts. 都城饭店 Metropole Hotel培文公寓，培恩公寓 Bearn Apartments 密丹公寓 Midget Apts.清心女中 Pure Heart School for Chinese Girls 清心堂 Pure Heart Church 盖司康公寓，万国储蓄会公寓（淮海公寓） Cascoigne Apts.银行公会大楼 the Shanghai Chinese Banking Association 惠罗大楼Whiteaway Laidlaw & Co., Ltd. 普益大楼 Asia Realty Co. Building 景林堂Allen Nemorial Church 跑马总会 Administration Building& Member Stand of Race Club, Shanghai Hippodrom 新亚酒楼 New Asia Hotel新新公司 Sun-Sun Co., Ltd 福利大楼 Hall & Holtz Ltd. 福新面粉厂 Foo Sing Flour Mills 雷士德工学院院舍 Lester School & Technical Institute 雷士德医学研究院院舍 The Henry Lester Institute for Education and Research颐中大楼 Yee Tsoong Tobacca Co. , Ltd. 嘉道理住宅 Sir Elly Kadoorie’s House, Marble House 沐恩堂 Moore Memorial Church 赛华公寓（瑞华公寓） Savoy Apts.静安别墅 Bubbling Well Road Apts. 德义大楼 Denis Apts.德国花园总会 Deutscher Garter Club 德国邮局（电报大楼） Kaiserlich Deutsche Post 横滨正金银行 The Yokohama Specie Bank of Shanghai *本表由许洪根据字林西报《上海行号录》（英）、《上海行号路图录》等编制。
英文地址格式
1、英文地址书写格式英文地址格式和中文刚好相反，按地址单元从小大到的顺序从左到右书写，并且地址单元间以半角逗号分隔(,)，同时邮政编码可以直接写到地址中，其位置通常位于国家和省（州）之间，书写格式如下：xx室,xx号，xx路，xx区，xx市，xx省，xx国下面我们看一个简单的例子：上海市延安西路1882号东华大学186信箱（邮编：200051）Mailbox186,1882West Yan'an Rd.,Donghua University,Shanghai200051.2、英文通信地址常用翻译201室/房Room201二单元Unit2马塘村Matang Vallage一号楼/栋Building12号No.2华为科技公司Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.xx公司xx Corp./xx Co.,Ltd.宿舍Dormitory厂Factory楼/层Floor酒楼/酒店Hotel住宅区/小区Residential Quater县County甲/乙/丙/丁A/B/C/D镇Town巷/弄Lane市City路Road（也简写作Rd.，注意后面的点不能省略）一环路1st Ring Road省Province(也简写作Prov.）花园Garden院Yard街Street/Avenue大学College/University信箱Mailbox区DistrictA座Suite A广场Square州State大厦/写字楼Tower/Center/Plaza胡同Alley（北京地名中的条即是胡同的意思）中国部分行政区划对照自治区Autonomous Region直辖市Municipality特别行政区Special Administration Region简称SAR自治州Autonomous Prefecture盟Prefecture县County自治县Autonomous County自治州Autonomous Prefecture旗county乡Township注意:①英语地址写法中的常用缩写词：Avenue:Ave.Road:Rd.Square:Sq.Province:Prov.Street:St.District:Dist.Floor:/FRoom:Rm.Apartment:Apt.Building:Bldg.Mountain:Mt.②简写中的点不能省略，如Rd.,Prov.；③xx东路/南路/西路/北路中的东南西北可分别缩写E/S/W/N，且一定要放在路名前，如（延安西路）West Yan'an Rd.而不是Yan'an West Rd.；④Room1203,Building2（2号楼1203室）可以简写成2-1203。
学术综合英语_罗立胜 U1
Part A Part B
Pre-listening
Task 1 Listen and Take Notes
Listening
Task 2 Listen for Details
Listen to the lecture again and try to answer the following questions. 1. About 300 years ago, what helped the United States’ economy grow rapidly? A booming trade in grain and cotton.
Unit 1 Presenting a Speech
2012
Part A Part B
Pre-listening
Background Information
Listening
New Words and Expressions
Toll Road A toll road (or tollway, turnpike, pike, toll highway or an express toll route) is a privately or publicly built road for which a driver pays a toll (a fee) for use. Structures for which tolls are charged include toll bridges and toll tunnels. Non-toll roads are financed using other sources of revenue, most typically fuel tax or general tax funds. The building or facility in which a toll is collected may be called a toll booth, toll
Edexcel Level 2 NVQ 公路建设（建筑）（QCF）迁移指南说明书
Qualification structure for the Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding (Construction) (QCF) With effect from January 2012 this version of the structure replaces allpreviously published versions. The structure should be used by all learners registering for the qualification from this date. It should be read inconjunction with the specification on the website.Amended or new units are marked with an asterix and are available on the website. Unchanged units are in the specification for this qualification.The Qualification Number for this qualification is 600/4098/1Pathway 1: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – BituminousPaving – machine (Construction) (QCF)Pathway 2: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – ConcretePaving – machine (Construction) (QCF)Pathway 3: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – Slurry/MicroSurfacing – machine (Construction) (QCF)Pathway 4: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – Slurry/MicroSurfacing – manual (Construction) (QCF)Pathway 5: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – SurfaceDressing – machine (Construction) (QCF)Pathway 6: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – High Friction Surfacing – machine (Construction) (QCF)Pathway 7: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – High Friction Surfacing – manual (Construction) (QCF)Pathway 8: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – Planing –machine (Construction) (QCF)Pathway 9: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – RoadRecycling – machine (Construction) (QCF)Pathway 10: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – SoilStabilisation – machine (Construction) (QCF) Pathway 11: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – SurfaceRetexturing – machine (Construction) (QCF) Pathway 12: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – PavementMarking – machine (Construction) (QCF)Pathway 13: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – PavementMarking – manual operations (Construction) (QCF) Pathway 14: Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding – PavementMarking – road studs (Construction) (QCF)Credit value (pathway 1): 62Credit value (pathway 2): 70Credit value (pathway 3): 62Credit value (pathway 4): 83Credit value (pathway 5): 62Credit value (pathway 6): 62Credit value (pathway 7): 83Credit value (pathway 8): 62Credit value (pathway 9): 62Credit value (pathway 10): 62Credit value (pathway 11): 62Credit value (pathway 12): 62Credit value (pathway 13): 83Credit value (pathway 14): 63Minimum credit to be achieved at, or above, the level of thequalification: 60Mandatory units for all pathways (credit value: 5)Unit ref Title Credits Level2 1A/503/1170 Conforming to General Health, Safety andWelfare in the Workplace*3 2J/503/1169 Conforming to Productive Working Practicesin the Workplace*Optional units for all pathways (credit value: 8) ONE unitUnit ref Title Credits Level10 2R/600/7127 Establishing Work Area Protection and Safetyin the Workplace8 2D/600/7101 Segregating the Area for Highways Works inthe WorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 1 (credit value: 49)Unit ref Title Credits Level49 2 K/600/7988Preparing, Operating and ControllingOperations of Road Plant or Machinery in theWorkplace2N029166 – Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding (Construction) (QCF) – Issue 1Unit ref Title Credits Level49 2 K/600/7988Preparing, Operating and Controlling Operationsof Road Plant or Machinery in the Workplace8 2 L/600/8101 Setting Out Secondary Dimensional WorkControl in the WorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 3 (credit value: 49)Unit ref Title Credits Level49 2K/600/7988 Preparing, Operating and ControllingOperations of Road Plant or Machinery inthe WorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 4 (credit value: 70)Unit ref Title Credits Level70 2T/600/7993 Manually Applying Specialist Road Surfacingin the WorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 5 (credit value: 49)Unit ref Title Credits Level49 2K/600/7988 Preparing, Operating and ControllingOperations of Road Plant or Machinery inthe WorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 6 (credit value: 49)Unit ref Title Credits Level49 2K/600/7988 Preparing, Operating and ControllingOperations of Road Plant or Machinery in theWorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 7 (credit value: 70)Unit ref Title Credits Level70 2 T/600/7993 Manually Applying Specialist RoadSurfacing in the WorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 8 (credit value: 49)Unit ref Title Credits Level49 2K/600/7988 Preparing, Operating and ControllingOperations of Road Plant or Machinery inthe WorkplaceUnit ref Title Credits Level49 2K/600/7988 Preparing, Operating and ControllingOperations of Road Plant or Machinery inthe WorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 10 (credit value: 49)Unit ref Title Credits Level49 2K/600/7988 Preparing, Operating and ControllingOperations of Road Plant or Machinery inthe WorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 11 (credit value: 49)Unit ref Title Credits Level49 2K/600/7988 Preparing, Operating and ControllingOperations of Road Plant or Machinery inthe WorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 12 (credit value: 49)Unit ref Title Credits Level49 2K/600/7988 Preparing, Operating and ControllingOperations of Road Plant or Machinery in theWorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 13 (credit value: 70)Unit ref Title Credits Level70 2 H/600/7990Applying and Removing Pavement MarkingsManually in the WorkplaceMandatory units for pathway 14 (credit value: 50)Unit ref Title Credits Level50 2M/600/7992 Installing and Removing Permanent RoadStuds in the Workplace4N029166 – Edexcel Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Roadbuilding (Construction) (QCF) – Issue 1Additional units (not compulsory) (credit value: n/a)Unit ref Title Credits Level7 2 K/600/8087 Preparing to and Directing and GuidingPlant and Plant Operations in theWorkplace12 2 T/600/8089 Preparing to and Directing and GuidingBasic Loads in the Workplace16 2 M/600/8091 Preparing for, and Arranging and SecuringPlant for Haulage in the Workplace16 2 A/600/8093 Preparing for, and Arranging and SecuringBasic Loads for Movement in theWorkplace4 2 D/600/8099 Preparing and Operating SpecialisedPowered Tools and Equipment in theWorkplace8 2 R/600/8102 Slinging and Signalling the Movement ofLoads (Secondary Role) in the WorkplaceExemptionsPrevious achievement of National Qualification Framework (NQF)National/Scottish Vocational Qualification (N/SVQ) units will be consideredas exemptions for the relevant Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF)NVQ unit. For clarification, please seek advice from ConstructionSkills.Other and equivalent unitsCurrently, no other or equivalent units within the QCF will be considered.。
常用地址英语词汇
常用地址、职务英语词汇1.街区：blockB区：BlockB东区：EastBlock 2.幢、栋、号、座：building3幢/3号楼/3栋：Building3C座：BuildingC3.公寓：mansion,flat，apartment4.地址：address5.省：province6.县：county7.市：city8.镇：town9.乡、村：village10.区：district海曙区：HaisuDistrict11.街：street12.路：road13.大厦、广场：mansion,plaza,tower,Square,Center14.城、城堡：tower阳光城：suntower15.室：room809室：room80916.楼、层：floor8楼：8/F17.邮编：postcode,p.c.18.单元：unit2单元:unit219.社区：community20.小区：ResidentialQuater21.巷/弄：Lane22.A座：SuiteA23.胡同Alley24.宿舍Dormitory25.职务：position,duty,rank26.董事长：boardchairman27.总裁：president28.总经理：generalmanager29.副总：vicepresident30.董事：director31.航运部：shippingdepartment32.海务部：marinedepartment33.船技部：technicaldepartment34.人教部：manningdepartment,Humanresourcesdepartment,personeldepartment35.ISM办公室：ISMoffice36.指定人员：designatedperson巴拿马海事授权服务中心PMACUnitedMaritimeServices虹口区物华路288号爱家国际大厦四号楼501室.ROOM501,BUILDING4,AI’JIAINTERNATIONALMANSIONNO.288WUHUAROAD,SHANGHAI,CHINAPC:200086北京市朝阳区五里桥一街一号院12号楼邮编：1000242thFloor,BuildingNo.12,CourtyardNo.1,WuliqiaoNo.1Street, ChaoyangDistrict,Beijing,P.R.ChinaPC:100024船级社上海分社CCSSHANGHAIBRANCH上海市浦东大道1234号1号楼7楼200135PudongDaDao1234,PudongNewArea,Shanghai日照海陆丰国际船舶代理有限公司Rizhaosearoadshippingagencyco.,ltd.山东省日照市岚山区圣岚东路佛手湾居委楼1楼1stfloor,foshouwanbuilding,shenglaneastroad,lanshan,rizhaocity, shandongprovince,China公司：中国防城外轮代理有限公司；地址：广西防城港市友谊大道18号ChinaOceanShippingAgencyFangcheng18,YouYiRoad,FangchengPortCity,Guangxi,China浙江省舟山市定海区环城南路282号新露亭公寓B座702室邮编：316000Room702,BuildingB,XinLuTingApartment,No.282Huan ChengNanLuRoad,DingHaiDistrict,ZhouShan,P.R.ChinaP.C.316000厦门海松船务代理有限公司XIAMENHYSONGSHIPPINGAGENCYCO.,LTD.厦门湖滨北路31号中信广场B栋18A/P.C.:361012B-18AZHONGXINPLAZANO.31HUBINNORTHROADXIAMENCHINA办公室职位职衔职务英语词汇(一)医疗/护理Medicine/Nursing医生（中、西医）MedicalDoctor医学管理人员Healthcare/MedicalManagement医药技术人员MedicalTechnician药库主任/药剂师Pharmacist护士/护理人员Nurse/NursingPersonnel临床协调员ClinicalCoodinator临床研究员ClinicalResearcher麻醉师Anesthesiologist心理医生Psychologist/Psychiatrist医药学检验ClinicalLaboratory咨询/顾问Consultant专业顾问SeniorConsultant咨询总监ConsultingDirector/Partner咨询经理ConsultingManager咨询员Consultant公务员Official公务员Official在校学生Student在校学生Student应届毕业生GraduatingStudent实习生Intern/Trainee培训生Trainee/Intern培训生Trainee服务Service美容/健身顾问ExerciseCoach/FitnessTrainer餐饮/娱乐经理BanquetServicesManager宾馆/酒店经理ReceptionManager领班Supervisor服务员ServiceStaff营业员/收银员/理货员ShopClerk/Salesperson厨师Chief/Cook导游TourGuide司机Chauffeur/Driver保安Security寻呼员/话务员PagingOperator建筑/房地产Construction/RealEstate建筑工程师Architect结构/土建工程师StructuralEngineer电气工程师ElectricalEngineer给排水/暖通工程师Drainage/HVACEngineer工程造价师/预结算BudgetingSpecialist建筑工程管理ConstructionManagement工程监理EngineeringProjectSupervisor室内外装潢设计Decorator城市规划与设计UrbanDesign/Planning建筑制图CADDrafter施工员ConstructionCrew房地产开发/策划RealEstateDevelopment/Planning房地产评估RealEstateAppraisal房地产中介/交易RealEstateAgent/Broker物业管理PropertyManagement翻译Translator英语翻译EnglishTranslation日语翻译JapaneseTranslator德语翻译GermanTranslator法语翻译FrenchTranslator俄语翻译RussianTranslator西班牙语翻译SpanishTranslator朝鲜语翻译KoreanTranslator其他语种翻译OtherLanguageTranslator高级管理SeniorManagement首席执行官/总经理CEO/GM/President副总经理DeputyGM/VP/ManagementTrainee总监Director合伙人Partner总裁/总经理助理CEO/GM/PresidentAssistant物流/贸易/采购Logis./Trading/Merchand./Purch.物流经理LogisticsManager物流主管LogisticsSupervisor物流专员/助理LogisticsSpecialist/Assistant物料经理MaterialsManager物料主管MaterialsSupervisor采购经理PurchasingManager采购主管PurchasingSupervisor采购员PurchasingSpecialist/Staff外贸/贸易经理/主管TradingManager/Supervisor外贸/贸易专员/助理TradingSpecialist/Assistant业务跟单经理MerchandiserManager高级业务跟单SeniorMerchandiser业务跟单Merchandiser助理业务跟单AssistantMerchandiser仓库经理/主管WarehouseManager仓库管理员WarehouseSpecialist运输经理/主管DistributionManager/Supervisor报关员CustomsSpecialist单证员DocumentationSpecialist船务人员ShippingSpecialist快递员Courier理货员WarehouseStockManagement文字/艺术/设计Writer/Editor/CreativeArtist/Designer编辑/作家/撰稿人Editor/Writer记者Journalist/Reporter校对/录入Proofreader/DataEntryStaff排版设计LayoutDesigner艺术/设计总监Creative/DesignDirector影视策划/制作人员EntertainmentPlanning/Production 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技术/工艺设计工程师Technical/IndustrialDesignEngineer实验室负责人/工程师LabManager/Engineer工程/设备经理Engineering/FacilityManager工程/设备主管Engineering/FacilitySupervisor工程/设备工程师Engineering/FacilityEngineer电气/电子工程师Electrical/ElectronicsEngineer机械工程师MechanicalEngineer机电工程师Electrical%26amp;MechanicalEngineer维修工程师MaintenanceEngineer质量经理QAManager质量主管QASupervisor质量工程师QAEngineer质量检验员/测试员QAInspector认证工程师CertificationEngineer安全/健康/环境经理/主管Safety/Health/EnvironmentManager/Supervisor 安全/健康/环境工程师Safety/Health/EnvironmentEngineer工程绘图员ProjectDraftingSpecialist机械制图员DraftingSpecialist化验员LaboratoryTechnician技工Technician/EngineerTrainee电工Electrician服装打样/制版Clothing/ApparelSampleProduction行政/人事/后勤Admin./HR/SupportServices行政/人事总监Admin/HumanResourcesDirector人事经理HumanResourcesManager人事主管HumanResourcesSupervisor人事专员HumanResourcesSpecialist人事助理HumanResourcesAssistant招聘经理/主管RecruitingManager/Supervisor薪资福利经理/主管Compensation%26amp;BenefitsMgr./Supervisor薪资福利专员/助理Compensation%26amp;BenefitsSpecialist/Assistant 培训经理/主管TrainingManager/Supervisor培训专员/助理TrainingSpecialist/Assistant行政经理/主管/办公室主任AdminManager/Supervisor/OfficeManager总裁办主任DirectorofPresidentOffice行政专员/助理AdminStaff/Assistant经理助理/秘书ExecutiveAssistant/Secretary前台接待/总机Receptionist后勤OfficeSupport资料管理员Information/DataManagementSpecialist 电脑操作员/打字员ComputerOperator/Typist市场/公关/广告Marketing/PR/Advertising市场/广告总监Marketing/AdvertisingDirector/VP 市场/营销经理MarketingManager市场/营销主管MarketingSupervisor市场/营销专员MarketingExecutive/Communication 市场助理MarketingAssistant/Trainee产品/品牌经理Product/BrandManager产品/品牌主管Product/BrandSupervisor市场通路经理TradeMarketingManager市场通路主管TradeMarketingSupervisor促销经理PromotionsManager促销主管PromotionsSupervisor促销员PromotionsSpecialist市场分析/调研人员MarketAnalyst/ResearchAnalyst 公关/会务经理PublicRelationsManager公关/会务主管PublicRelationsSupervisor公关/会务专员PublicRelationsExecutive媒介经理MediaManager媒介人员MediaSpecialist企业/业务发展经理BusinessDevelopmentManager企业策划人员CorporatePlanning广告策划/设计/文案AdvertisingCreative/Design/Copywriter 财务/审计/统计/金融Finance/Accounting/Banking财务总监CFO/FinanceDirector/VP财务经理FinanceManager财务主管/总帐主管FinanceSupervisor会计经理/会计主管AccountingManager/Supervisor会计Accountant/AccountingTrainee出纳员Cashier财务/会计助理Finance/AccountingAssistant财务分析经理/主管FinancialAnalysisManager/Supervisor财务分析员FinancialAnalyst成本经理/成本主管CostAccountingManager/Supervisor成本管理员CostAccountingSpecialist审计经理/主管AuditManager/Supervisor审计专员/助理AuditExecutive/Assistant税务经理/税务主管TaxManager/Supervisor税务专员TaxExecutive证券经纪人StockBroker投资顾问InvestmentAdvisor注册分析师CertifiedInvestment/FinancialAnalyst投资/基金项目经理InvestmentManager融资经理/融资主管TreasuryManager/Supervisor融资专员TreasurySpecialist行长/副行长President/Vice-President/BranchManager 风险控制RiskManagement进出口/信用证结算Trading/LCOfficer清算人员SettlementOfficer外汇主管ForeignExchangeSupervisor高级客户经理/客户经理SeniorRelationshipManager客户主管/专员RelationshipSupervisor/Executive信贷/信用调查/分析人员Loan/CreditOfficer银行柜台出纳BankTeller统计员Statistician计算机/互联网/通讯Technology/Internet首席技术执行官CTO/VPEngineering技术总监/经理TechnicalDirector/Manager信息技术经理ITManager信息技术主管ITSupervisor信息技术专员ITSpecialist项目经理/主管ProjectManager/Supervisor项目执行/协调人员ProjectSpecialist/Coordinator系统分析员SystemAnalyst高级软件工程师SeniorSoftwareEngineer软件工程师SoftwareEngineer系统工程师SystemEngineer高级硬件工程师SeniorHardwareEngineer硬件工程师HardwareEngineer通信技术工程师CommunicationsEngineerERP技术/应用顾问ERPTechnical/ApplicationConsultant 数据库工程师DatabaseEngineer技术支持经理TechnicalSupportManager技术支持工程师TechnicalSupportEngineer品质经理QAManager信息安全工程师InformationSecurityEngineer软件测试工程师SoftwareQAEngineer硬件测试工程师HardwareQAEngineer测试员TestEngineer网站营运经理/主管WebOperationsManager/Supervisor网络工程师NetworkEngineer系统管理员/网管SystemManager/Webmaster网页设计/制作WebDesigner/Production技术文员/助理TechnicalClerk/Assistant销售总监SalesDirector销售经理SalesManager区域销售经理RegionalSalesManager客户经理SalesAccountManager渠道/分销经理Channel/DistributionManager渠道主管ChannelSupervisor销售主管SalesSupervisor销售代表SalesRepresentative/Executive销售工程师SalesEngineer医药代表PharmaceuticalSalesRepresentative保险代理InsuranceAgent销售助理SalesAssistant/Trainee商务经理BusinessManager商务专员/助理BusinessExecutive/Assistant销售行政经理SalesAdmin.Manager销售行政主管SalesAdmin.Supervisor售前/售后技术服务经理TechnicalServiceManager售前/售后技术服务主管TechnicalServiceSupervisor售前/售后技术服务工程师TechnicalServiceEngineer售后/客户服务（非技术）经理CustomerServiceManager售后/客户服务（非技术）主管CustomerServiceSupervisor 售后/客户服务（非技术）专员CustomerServiceExecutive 经销商Distributor有关公司员工职务词汇（1）AccountingAssistant会计助理AccountingClerk记帐员AccountingManager会计部经理AccountingStall会计部职员AccountingSupervisor会计主管AdministrationManager行政经理AdministrationStaff行政人员AdministrativeAssistant行政助理AdministrativeClerk行政办事员AdvertisingStaff广告工作人员AirlinesSalesRepresentative航空公司定座员AirlinesStaff航空公司职员ApplicationEngineer应用工程师AssistantManager副经理BondAnalyst证券分析员BondTrader证券交易员BusinessController业务主任BusinessManager业务经理Buyer采购员Cashier出纳员ChemicalEngineer化学工程师CivilEngineer土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist职员/接待员ClerkTypistSecretary文书打字兼秘书ComputerDataInputOperator计算机资料输入员ComputerEngineer计算机工程师ComputerProcessingOperator计算机处理操作员ComputerSystemManager计算机系统部经理Copywriter广告文字撰稿人DeputyGeneralManager副总经理EconomicResearchAssistant经济助究助理ElectricalEngineer电气工程师EngineeringTechnician工程技术员EnglishInstructor/Teacher英语教师ExportSalesManager外销部经理ExportSalesStaff外销部职员FinancialController财务主任FinancialReporter财务报告人F。
有关地址的英文翻译方法
英文地址翻译中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。
如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。
掌握了这个原则，翻译起来就容易多了！Ｘ室RoomＸＸ号No.ＸＸ单元UnitＸＸ号楼Building No.ＸＸ街ＸStreetＸ路ＸRoadＸ区ＸDistrictＸ县ＸCounty Ｘ镇ＸTownＸ市ＸCityＸ省ＸProvince请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。
中文地址翻译范例：宝山区示范新村37号403室M"i H(u+LK0Room 403, No. 37, SiFang Residential Quarter, BaoShan District虹口区西康南路125弄34号201室Room 201, No. 34, Lane 125, XiKang Road(South), HongKou District473004河南省南阳市中州路42号李有财Li YoucaiRoom 42Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang CityHenan Prov. China 4000湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店李有财Li YoucaiHongyuan HotelJingzhou cityHubei Prov. China 3000河南南阳市八一路272号特钢公司李有财Li YoucaiSpecial Steel Corp.No. 272, Bayi Road, Nanyang CityHenan Prov. China 8400广东中山市东区亨达花园7栋702李有财Li YoucaiRoom 702, 7th BuildingHengda Garden, East DistrictZhongshan, China 1012福建省厦门市莲花五村龙昌里34号601室李有财Li YoucaiRoom 601, No. 34 Long Chang LiXiamen, Fujian, China 1004厦门公交总公司承诺办李有财Mr. Li YoucaiCheng Nuo Ban, Gong Jiao Zong Gong SiXiamen, Fujian, China 6042山东省青岛市开平路53号国棉四厂二宿舍1号楼2单元204户甲李有财Mr. Li YoucaiNO. 204, A, Building NO. 1The 2nd Dormitory of the NO. 4 State-owned Textile FactoryKaiping Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China 266042名片英语之地址英译1、地址综述名片的主要功能是通联，所以在名片上写上详细的家庭或单位通讯地址是必不可少的。
built怎么读
built怎么读built的读音是[bɪlt]。
built是build的过去分词和过去式。
build 可以用作名词和动词，作名词时意思是：体形; 体格; 身材。
作动词时意思是：建筑; 建造; 创建; 开发; 逐渐增强。
一、build词态变化第三人称单数：builds现在分词：building过去式：built过去分词：built二、build基本用法1.build用作动词的基本意思是把建筑材料或构件组合在一起成为各种建造物,这种建造物可以小如儿童玩具,大如摩天大楼。
强调建造过程和所付出的劳动,尤指体力劳动。
用于抽象事物时也表示如大建筑物般的建筑过程,强调通过一点一滴的增加以达到某种目的。
引申可指“树立,确立”“增强”等。
2.build既可用作不及物动词,又可用作及物动词。
用作不及物动词时可用主动形式表示被动意义；用作及物动词时后接名词或代词作宾语,有时还可接双宾语,其间接宾语可转化为介词for的宾语。
build还可接以形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。
build偶尔可用于被动结构。
3.build的过去式和过去分词都是built。
4.build用作名词时意思是“体形,结构”,既可指人的身体外在特点(如高、矮、胖、瘦等),也可指某物的外观(如样式、大小等)。
5.build多用作不可数名词,偶尔也用作可数名词。
其复数形式为builds。
6.build前通常不加冠词。
三、build词语搭配plan to build计划建造build roads修路build schools建学校build confidence建立信心strong build结实的体格athletic build健壮的体格slender build修长的身条build momentum增强势头四、build双语例句1.He built up the business over a period of ten years.他用了十年时间把这个企业创建起来。
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Road Building
Good morning, everyone. Today I’ll be talking about the relationship between road building and the development of the American economy during the 18th century. About 300 years ago, the United States’ economy was growing rapidly, mainly because of a booming trade in two important agricultural products: grain and cotton.
Grain output in the eastern part of America increased quickly at that time due to the rapidly growing population and the large number of immigrants from Europe. As a result, the demand for grain almost doubled.
For this reason, the trade in grain first developed in this part of the country. At the same time, the road system was gradually built up in order to transport the grain from the rural areas to various cities. The road building clearly helped develop the economy quickly in these areas and in the cities as well.
During the same period, farmers in the South could get a large amount of laborers from Africa, and they started to grow cotton. As the cotton output increased, the farmers needed to sell it in other places. As a result, many roads were built to link the rural areas to the cities.
At first, this trade of grain and cotton took place along the
coast, or near rivers and lakes. It took place there because it was easy and cheap to transport goods from one place to another. Before 1700, it was very expensive to move the goods by road. So, farmers had to rely mainly on rivers to move their crops to markets.
At that time, there was only one continuous road that existed in the US. It ran from north to south along country roads, which were linked together to make one long road. Within a short time, the first east-to-west roads were built. They were called turnpikes. Private companies built these roads and collected fees from all vehicles that traveled on them.
Eventually, because of the booming trade of grain and cotton, a network of roadways was completed that connected some major cities and towns. Although traveling was still costly for farmers, they soon preferred to move their crops to cities and other areas on roadways rather than by boat because it was faster and more convenient.
So here we can see a rather clear picture of road building in the United States and its impact on economic development during that period.。