Jane的论文
简奥斯汀傲慢与偏见英文论文
摘要简·奥斯汀（1775—1817）是英国文学史上一位非常出色的女性作家。
她在短暂的一生中虽然主要创作了六部作品，但这丝毫没影响她在文学史上的地位。
她的作品主题都是爱情与婚姻，而最能反映出她的婚姻观的就要数《傲慢与偏见》了，《傲慢与偏见》以班内特家5个女儿的爱情婚姻为基点，通过对四段婚姻的分析，体现出作者的爱情婚姻观。
爱情、金钱、社会地位、性格等都是婚姻中必须要考虑的因素，爱情和相互尊重是婚姻的基础，但金钱也为婚姻稳定提供了条件，婚姻是个严肃的问题，综合考虑各种因素的爱情婚姻才是幸福的。
这种婚姻观对当时和现在的社会都有着深远的影响。
本文主要通过对人物性格及其婚姻进行分析，探索作者所倡导的正确婚姻观。
主要分为三个部分：第一部分主要分析作者所生活的时代背景以及其生活经历；第二部分着重通过对小说人物形象和他们的婚姻的分析，揭示作者的婚姻观；第三部分主要讨论作者的婚姻观以及这种婚姻观对我们的启示和影响。
通过查阅大量文献，结合作者的生活经历，总结出作者以爱情为基础的婚姻观，提出婚姻在我们每个人的一生中都占有重要的位置，它关系着我们是否能够幸福快乐的生活，选择好自己的婚姻对象自然尤为重要。
其中，爱情是基础。
简·奥斯汀的婚姻观给了我们重大启示，为我们寻找幸福的婚姻指明了方向，而且对女性独立自由意识的觉醒也有重要影响。
关键词：《傲慢与偏见》；婚姻；爱情；金钱；启示AbstractJane Austen (1775—1817) is one of the most excellent female writers of English literature. Although in her short life, Austen only created six works，her effect in literary world has never changed. The theme of all her novels is love and marriage, and among all, Pride and Prejudice is the work that can best reflect Jane Austen’s views of marriage. Pride and Prejudice mainly focuses on the love and marriage of five girls from Bennet. The novel reflects the author’s views on love marriage: love, money, status and character. Marriage should be based on love and respect, and in addition, money provides the practical foundation for the stability of the marriage. Taking all of the factors into consideration, we can establish a happy marriage.This thesis aims at exploring Jane Austen’s marital views by analyzing the personality and marriages of the characters in the novel. It can be divided into three parts: the first part deals with the background of the society and Jane Austen’s life experience; the second part deals with the analysis of the main characters and their marriage with the aim of revealing the writer’s views on marriage; the last part focuses on the effect and inspiration from Jane Austen’s view on marriage. We can get the conclusion that marriage plays an important role in our lives, since it has a lot to do with our happiness. Choosing a suitable partner for marriage means a lot; therefore, love should be put on the first place. Jane Austen’s views of marriage give us much inspiration, it can also rouse female’s sense of independence and freedom.Key words: Pride and Prejudice; marriage; love; inspirationContentsAbstract (Chinese) (i)Abstract (English) (ii)Contents (iii)1.0 Introduction (1)2.0 The background of society and Jane Austen (2)3.0 Four different marriages in Pride and Prejudice................................. . (3)3.1 Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage (3)3.2 Jane and Bingley’s marriage (4)3.3 Chalotte and Collin’s marriage (5)3.4 Lydia and Wickham’s marriage... (6)4.0Analysis and understandings of the four marriages (6)4.1Perfect marriage based on true love (6)4.2Happ y marriage based on sense and similar int erest (7)4.3P at h et i c m ar ri a ge b as ed o n m on e y o r be ne fi t s (7)4.4 Absurd marriage based on lust and vanity (8)4.5J a n e A u s t e n’s v i e w s o n m a r r i a g e (8)5.0 The inspiration from Jane Austen’s views on marriage (9)6.0 Conclusion (10)Acknowledgements (11)References (12)Appendix: Thesis Proposal1.0 IntroductionJane Austen was born in a middle class family in 1775, and she spend her whole life in the countryside, she was so fascinated with the peaceful and ease life in countryside. Although she was unmarried the whole life, the theme of her novels were love and marriage, basically, the love and marriage between a gentleman and a fairy lady. Her best-known works are Emma (1815), Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Sense and Sensibility (1811).The novel talks about four different marriages: Collin and Challote’s marriage which is based on money; Lydia and Wickham’s marriage which is based on lust; Jane and Bingley’s marriage which is based on sense, Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage which is based on love. Which weighs the most in marriage, love, possession, or social status? Jane Austen has different attitude and description about the four marriages. The first sentence in this novel is impressive. It says: “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not love but possession, but Jane Austen tells us a different story.The main story of this novel happens between Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy. Elizabeth Bennet is a 20-year-old young lady. She is her father's favourite daughter and inherits his intelligence and wisdom. Darcy is a pride and kind gentleman with great fortune. Although, they were not attracted by each other at the very beginning, because they all have some complaints about the other, Elizabeth loathes Darcy’s arrogance, and she also has some misunderstandings on him, Darcy thinks Elizabeth is a very proud girl, and her families leave an awful impression on him. But at last, they fall in love and have a happy marriage. What changes their attitude towards each other? Because the pride and prejudice between them is long gone. They finally know each other deeply and accept each other. Their marriage is rooted in their love and respect. Comparing with other marriages in the story, Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage is the perfect one. The story reflects the author’s marriage view: it is wrong to marry just for the possession, lust and position. She emphasizes the importance of the ideal marriage that we should marry for love and emotion.Elizabeth and Darcy have a happy ending not only because of their love, but to some extent, Darcy’s property provides them the material need. From this we can see the author’s views: marriage is based on love, but property and position should be taken into account. In modern society, a lot of people marriage for money and social status, sometimes, it leads to a sad ending. I think, no matter when, Jane Austen’s views on marriage are of great value in leading us to the ideal marriage.My thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter deals with the background of the society and Jane Austen’s life experience, and how does those factors influence her writings; the second chapter reveal the authors views on marriage and the standard of the ideal marriage advocated by Jane Austen through analyzing the characters and their marriage in the story; the last chapter talks about the conditions of the modern marriage and how to found the ideal marriage from the inspiration of Jane Austen’s view on marriage.2.0 The background of the society and Jane AustenIn 18th and 19th centuries, the England society’s had serious social problems. One of the severest of these was the tendency to marry for money. A person sought a partner based on the dowry receivable and their allowance. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society. There was no equality between woman and man. Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity. The central life of women was forced to be staying at home. Their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband. This process went both ways: a beautiful woman might be able to snag a rich husband, or a charring and handsome man could woo a rich young girl. In these marriages, money was the only consideration. Love was left out, with the thought that it would develop as the years went by. Jane Austen (December 16, 1775--July 18, 1817), an outstanding female novelist of British, was born in the village of Steventon, near Basingstoke, in Hampshire. Her father is the local vicar. She did not have the normal schooling, but she got good education from family's literature teaching. From the end of the 18th century to the early 19th century, “the sentiment novel” and “the gothic novel” were the themes of Englishliterature, while Austen made a different way. Most of her works were about romantic love. That might have something to do with her failure in marriage. Jane Austen was unmarried her whole life, but she had fallen in love with a young man. Their love was pure and faithful. However, this young man had to submit to the marriage that his aunt arranged for him, because he was under lots of burden from family. Then Jane broke up with him, since she did not want to stand in the way of the young man’s future, and a lso in her opinion, marriage should be based on love. She loved no one else after that. That is the reason why she was unmarried all her life. So she put all her feelings in creating romantic and happy marriages.3.0 Four different marriages in Pride and Prejudice3.1 Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriageOnce Mr. Qian Zhongshu has compared marriage to a castle, b ut I don’t think this marriage theory is suitable for Darcy and Elizabeth. The marriage is tortuous between them but deep-rooted of love based. As we all know, Elizabeth and Darcy left a quite bad impression on each other at the beginning. Elizabeth thinks Darcy is insolent and arrogant, and Darcy does not like Elizabeth because of Elizabeth’s social class and her indecent relatives. But Darcy finally rea lized Elizabeth's preciousness, and Elizabeth’s prejudice and misunderstandings towards Darcy are gone. They deeply in love and possess a wonderful marriage at last. Their love and marriage are tortuous and kind of mysterious. I will analysis their marriage start with analyzing the two characters.Elizabeth Bennet is a person who is worth our imitation. She is a model because she is different from the others. She does not adhere rigidly to the standards set forth by society, she is self-reliant and independent. She is wit and intelligent. Most of the girls married in pursuit of money and fame at that time, even her best friend Chalotte who married a rich man for changing her poor conditions. However, Elizabeth is not submit to this mood of society. She would never violate her principle and her integrity. She is like the pure lotus that lives in mud but never contaminated by the dirty. That is the reason why she rejects Mr. Collin's proposal, because she would not marry without love. On the other hand, she doesnot totally disregard social costumes. She has good manners; her slight breach of decorum is justified by walking alone to Nether field Park to visit her sister who is ill with her genuine concern. She has good manners. When Lady Catherine criticizes Elizabeth skill of playing piano, she can have good manners to keep polite. Mr. Darcy is pride on the surface, but we know he is warm-hearted. He is a good friend, he is afraid that Mr. Bingley would be cheated and hurt by Jane, although he is proved wrong later. He is a good brother; he takes care of his younger sister very well. He is kind; he helps Wickham and Lydia with money even though he was misunderstood by Elizabeth because of Wickham’s rumors. The two people’s personalities are clear and sharp. At the first time, Elizabeth and her sisters go to attend the ball held in Meryton, and she is coldly treated by Darcy, but she uses her healthy sense of humor to joke about Mr. Darcy’s rude behavior at the ball. Darcy is handsome, tall, and intelligent, but not convivial, his indifferent manners are seen by many as an excessive pride and concern for social status. He makes a poor impression on strangers, but he is valued by those who know him well. He gradually finds out Elizabeth’s intelligence, wisdom and beauty. He begins pursuing her. However, at the beginning, Elizabeth rejects his love expression, because she does not like him, even looks down on him though Darcy loves her very much. In Elizabeth’s eyes, Darcy is arrogant and unreasonable because he is rich and has high social status. Realizing that, Darcy begins to get rid of those bad habits quietly. Because of Darcy’s perfect behavior and good education, Elizabeth gradually eliminates the prejudice on Darcy. Most importantly, the misunderstanding, prejudice and pride are disappearing as they know each other better and better. Then they spontaneously fall in love. So Elizabeth accept Darcy’s proposal at the second time, then they get married and have happy family lives.3.2 Jane and Bingley’s marriageIn this novel, the combination of pleasant Bingley and mild Jane is one of the most blessed and happy marriages. The couple has similar interests and they insist on pursuing their true love which leads them to a happy and perfect marriage. Mr. Bingley was a handsome and gentleman with great fortune. As a young man who is well-bred, he wascordial and simple. With this character he never appeared dissatisfied. He is easy to get along and constant in love although he is extremely rich. However he is in short of strength and independence in his marriage which is a big weakness of him. In this story, Bingley is popular with almost everybody in everywhere. Jane is the oldest children in her family. She is an amiable and mild girl who possesses the most beautiful appearance among her sisters. As an introverted girl, she is faithful in love but lacks strength and self-confidence. She is too shy to profess her love towards Bingley, nor admit it, thought she has feelings for Bingley at the time they met. Sometimes she is a little innocent. In her eyes, everybody is nice. She never see through the rotten side of life even she is deceived. Her character is vividly showed in many parts of the novel. So it seems quite natural for Jane to fall in love with the pleasant and simple Bingley. They meet each other at the ball, they are attracted by each other at the first sight, and they dance and talk together. As times goes by, their feelings to each other are getting stronger. But Jane has no courage to express her love, she buries it in heart and for Bingley, he is not a strong and determined man. This is his advantage but also his disadvantage. His cordial and simple character causes his quiet romance with Jane. However, his weak and easily-led character causes his departure from Jane. He suddenly leaves Jane when their romance goes smoothly, which nearly put his pure love and marriage in end. To a great extent, Binley left Jane because of Darcy’s misunderstandings on Jane. They establish a steady and constant friendship although they have totally different characters. Darcy wants to help his friend. In his opinion, it is impossible for Jane to love Bingley. He thinks Jane love Bingley because Bingley is rich, but Bingley’s love for Jane is pure. He doesn’t want his best fri end get hurt. So he persuades Bingley to stay away from Jane and she is not a good marriage option. But they do love each other.During those days when Jane stays in London at Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner’s invitation, she visits Bingley’s sister in person in o rder to get some information of Mr. Bingley. At last, they get together after the misunderstanding between Elizabeth and Darcy disappears. So the love and marriage between Jane and Bingley is pure and stable. They fall in love at first sight heartily. Thei r marriage is kind of tortuous just like Elizabeth and Darcy’s, but the truelove won’t stop them from being together.3.3 Chalotte and Collin’s marriageCharlotte and Collins’s marriage is the most realistic one in the story. Their marriage is based on money instead of love. Charlotte is the best friend of Elizabeth, but they are very different in the choice of marriage. Chalotte’s parents, like the Bennet couple, can’t give her much fortune, and she is as sensible and intelligent as Elizabeth, but her pursuit for spiritual happiness is not as strong as that of Elizabeth. In addition, Chalotte is a plain girl who is a little bit prudent. As a woman who is 26 years old, her choice of marriage is entirely out of realistic consideration. When she first meets Collins, she sees his folly. When he asks her to marry him, she also clearly knows that Collins is certainly not a reasonable person. But she immediately says “yes”, because “Marriage has always been her aim, what kind of man she is going to marry as is less important”, marrying a rich man can shelter her from suffering poverty. She thinks money can bring her sense of security. William Collins, a man of 29 years old, is Mr. Bennet's distant relatives, since Mr. Bennet has no son; Collins becomes the he ir to Bennets’ estate. Jane Austen describes him as “not a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature had been but little assisted by education or society”. Informed that the eldest daughter Jane has a boyfriend, he switches his aim at the second daughter Elizabeth, but Elizabeth has no feelings for him, what’s more, Elizabeth gets tired of him. Eventually, she rejects him with sharp tongue. However, Collins quickly seeks comfort from Charlotte who is desperately in need of love from a male and believes marriage is the elegant way to save a poor girl from suffering, and then they get married as quickly as the lightning. Such marriage without love is too practical and realistic, so it is a kind of superficial marriage without happiness.Marriage is just a task for them, but Collins couples get what they want from marriage: Charlotte gets the stability and prosperity of life; Collins also gets a warm home. This is how they understand marriage. There is no love and same interests between them; their marriage is based on benefits. Although they get what they want, marriage without love is not happy and stable.3.4 Lydia and Wickham’s marriageLydia, Bennett's third daughter, is a simple, frivolous, vanity girl. She is keen on social networking at an early age, enjoying contacting with Merry's officers, and even feels proud of it. “Whenever anyone urg es, she will be put into anyone's arms. Her feelings are always kept rolling, swing”. Wickham is a handsome, actual moral, luxurious, and treacherous man. At first, he seduces wealthy Miss Darcy, but his conspiracy fails. After joined the regiment, he first does everything to please Elizabeth, and then pursues wealthy Miss Kim, finally elopes with Lydia. Then, he gets into debt. So, he needs money and become rich and changes his social status through marriage. For his purpose, he seduces Lydia and wins her love easily, because she is young, innocent and frivolous, and loves to go ease and hates to work hard, and she is also spoiled by her mother. Getting love and praise from a man is what she dreams of. So when Wickham wants to reach his aim－getting wealth by loving and exalting her beauty hypocritically, she forgets who she is and feels she is the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world. Their love is forbidden by the parents, and then they elope. When Elizabeth hears the news, she believes that he does not love her but the wealth of her family. The marriage is admitted on the condition of Darcy's help. Their marriage is considered as a scandal to Bennett’s f amily. But Mrs. Bennet is not shameful of this marriage. The marriage between Lydia and Wickham is conditional. Thanks to Darcy's help, they get married and continue their lives. This kind of marriage is doomed to be unstable. After marriage, they are extravagant; just enjoy the pleasure at the moment, never considering their future. They always ask Jane or Elizabeth for help, counting on their support to pay bills. Wickham's love for Lydia soon suffer a disastrous decline, finally he is indifference to Lydia. They get what they want: Lydia gets erotic satisfaction; Wickham, he also gets the wealth; but their marriage is not satisfactory. This is how they understand marriage.4.0 Analysis and understandings of the four marriages4.1 Perfect marriage based on true loveElizabeth and Darcy’s marriage is intricate but is the ideal marriage because their love is based on love, they cherish each other, they tolerate each other, and of course after marring Darcy who has great fortune, Elizabeth’s life and socia l status are improved, and their marriage gets material security, but at first, Elizabeth refuses the rich man- Mr. Collins’ proposal without any hesitation because she does not and will never love him, from Elizabeth’s perspective, marriage without love w ill never be happy. Elizabeth has a deep understanding of all the things around her. She has a clear understanding about her own social status. Because of this, she resists extremely against the arrogance of Darcy, and she tries to protect herself from being hurt by Darcy's insolent attitude. She believes that she must make him know that she is not woozy. The ultimate failure wakes Darcy up. He is aware of his own short-comings. He accepts Elizabeth’s criticism, and faithfully corrects the shortcomings and mistakes. He is no longer arrogant and has a faithful love with Elizabeth. I remember when the sister asks Elizabeth how she would love Mr. Darcy, Elizabeth replies that she should date from the day she see the beautiful lane manor park. The statement seems to refer to the possession of Darcy. In addition to referring to the specific manor, she also refers the new Darcy seen in the garden.Elizabeth is a wise girl; she understands that marriage involves many factors, such as love, personality, status, property. Among all, love is essential to marriage, which is the author’s views on marriage that reflected in this novel. We should take marriage seriously; impulse will destroy someone’s happy marriage. Having a clear understanding about the person you are going to marriage is vital. Whether you can live a better life both physically and mentally is important to your marriage. That is to say, all the factors should be taken into consideration carefully. Those are the reasons why Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage is the perfect one in the story.4.2 Happy marriage based on sense and similar interestsJane and Bingley’s marriage is also rooted in pure love, and also their concern for each other. It seems that their characters are quite suitable for each other. It seems that only their marriage involves purest love with no tint of money at all. Then why is not Bingley penniless but a “young man of large fortune”? This arrangement can also reflect author’s views on marriage. Love is essential for marriage, and money is also plays an important role in marriage. According to the relationship between Bingley and Jane love and similar interests are also the basic factors of a successful and happy marriage. With many similarities in character people can understand each other easily. Above all, their understandings lead to helps and supporting between them. They can live happily together in this way. They don’t care about the shortcomings of their partners and even they don’t see any faults in each other. Just as the old saying going “Birds of a feather flock together people of a mind fill into the same group”.4.3 Pathetic marriage based on money or benefitsChalotte and Collins’s marriage is kind of beyond our expectations. At that time, a girl from the low class, who has no pretty appearance and good education, takes marriage as the only way to change their situations. Jane Austen objects this marriage that based on benefits. Maybe lots of people feel pity for the females who lived in that age, but in no time should we make such hasty decision about our marriage. Many do play an important role in marriage, but a marriage without love which is just based on money won’t be pleasant, at last, people will get hurt from the painful marriage. Once I read a story from a magazine, a girl from a poor family married a rich man, she almost did nothing rather than shopping and seeking pleasures, she squandered her husband’s money so quickly, later, the man got tired of her, they divorced. The woman lost the source of money, but she has gotten used to the luxurious life, she can’t live independently. At last, she tried to blackmail some rich man and ended in jail. This is a tragedy; girls should be independent and marry the person who really loves you just like you love him. So Chal otte and Collins’s marriage is doomed to beunhappy, Chalotte once said to Elizabeth, “I am not romantic, you know; I never was, I ask only a comfortable home; and considering Mr. Collins’ character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness with him is as fair as most people can boast on entering the marriage state.”(Pride and Prejudice, 144) Therefore, Charlotte seems to have found some kind of satisfaction and happiness in her marriage without any love. It is interesting that in such a marriage based on money-transaction, the woman from poor family does marry a single man with a good fortune, but the husband himself has nothing to do with the enjoyment the marriage bring to her.4.4 Absurd marriage based on lust and vanityThe combination of Lydia and Wickham is absurd. Her admiration to Wickham is entirely up to his “handsome face, comely shape and charming talk”. Their relationship is entirely built on lust and impulse without love foundation. Their marriage is neither practical nor romantic. Lydia and Wickham’s marriage is built on sex lust and impulse. It is kind of ridiculous. They treat their marriage so carelessly, it is impossible for them to get a happy marriage. Lydia is attracted by Wickham’s handsome sur face at first. As a flippant girl, she seeks sexual pleasure. Then they make a rash decision to get married. This marriage is one without love. They don’t understand the real meaning of marriage; they only want to satisfy their aspiration. So this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility.4.5 Jane Austen’s views on marriageAfter reading the novel, we can see that people’s views on marriage in England at that time. In the 18th century, women longed for marrying a gentleman who possessed considerable wealth and high social status. Love, seems count for nothing. This was because at that time, women were forbidden from inheriting the possession. Marring a rich man was their only way to live a decent life after their fat hers’ death. That is the reason why Mrs. Bonnet is crazy to marry her daughters off. However, Austen has her own idea. She also emphasizes love. From her perspective, happy marriage is equal to “love + wealth +equal social status”. Marriage should be based on love and trust. People can’t just marry someone for whom he/she has no feelings at all. Austen also points that wealth and social status put great importance on marriage. Austen casts her criticism to the dark fact that people’s attention is only on property and high social status. In Austen’s eyes, marriage without love is contemptuous. We know Elizabeth and Darcy, also Jane and Bingley, both have a happy marriage. From these two cases, we can find out what kind of marriage Jane Austen prefers--- love is basic; enough wealth, good behaviors and equal social status are all necessary. These two examples are exactly the right explanation of Austen’s outlook on marriage. To draw a conclusion, in the novel Pride and Prejudice, Austen casts her criticism to people who take wealth and high social states as the only factors in marriage, with neglecting love. She expresses her views on marriage that marriage should be built on love but at the same time should take wealth, characters and social status into consideration.I think Austen’s outlooks on marriage are well worth our deep consideration even today.5.0 The inspiration from Jane Austen’s views on marriageJane Austen’s views on marriage have a profound effect on lots of people, especially on females. What is marriage all about? I think it is a question that is worth our deliberation. Marriage is an everlasting topic in our lives. Throughout the literary history, many masterworks are about marriage. Everyone has his or her own understanding of it. Some marry for money, some for passion, some for love and so on. Marriage plays an important role in our life. Whether your marriage is happy or not will influence you a lot. Austen shows us a different view of marriage; also let us think that what kind of marriage we want and we suit. Many people try to find out the secret of marriage, because everyone wants to own a happy marriage. Some think that marriage contains all sorts of worldly things: house, money. To get marry is to get money; marriage is their shelters that helps them out of plight and keep them from poor or other sufferings. However, Austen shows us that marriage is built on love. It is wrong to marry for wealth or for the sake of beauty and passion of blind. Those kinds of marriage can't last long a nd we can’t get happiness.The truly happy marriage is based on love and reason. Jane Austen leaves us lots of inspirations, especially。
论《简爱》中的女性意识
安阳师范学院人文管理学院本科毕业论文An Analysis of the Feminist Consciousness of Jane Eyre论《简爱》中的女性意识摘要《简爱》是英国著名的女作家夏洛蒂.勃朗特的代表作品，由于她成功地塑造了一个典型的人物—简爱，她也因此被认为是一位卓越的女作家。
这部作品一经出版，简爱这个人物就引起了人们极大的关注，她表现出早期女权主义者的某些特征，主要表现在她敢于反抗压迫和社会偏见，努力争取独立，自由，平等和真爱，为追求幸福生活而顽强斗争，宣告了女性自我意识的觉醒。
本文首先通过事例分析对简爱的女性意识的表现进行介绍，着重描写她的人格平等意识；维护女性尊严，追求独立人格的意识；强烈的爱情和婚姻自主意识；追求经济上的独立意识。
然后从个人和社会因素分析简爱这种意识形成的原因。
最后简要分析简爱的这种女性意识对当今女性的启迪意义，从中挖掘现代女性所应具备的个性品质。
关键词：女性意识；尊严；真爱；独立AbstractJane Eyre is the most famous work written by Charlotte Bronte in England. By creating successfully the typical figure, Jane Eyre, is also considered as an extraordinary woman novelist. When the book is published, the character of Jane Eyre has caught people’s broad attention. She showed some of the characteristics of early feminists, such as the persistence to rebel and fight bravely against the social oppression and discrimination, her unremitting efforts of pursuing freedom, equality, independence and true love and she always tries her best to seek for a happy life. That declared the awakening of female self-consciousness. At first, this essay attempts to introduce Jane’ female consciousness through an analysis of some cases happened to her, and a plenty of works will be done to describe her personal equality consciousness, her maintaining the dignity of woman and the pursuing of her independence both in marriage and economy. Then next part analyzes the causes of the formation of Jane Eyre’s female consciousness from the aspects of individuality and society. In the end, an analysis of revealing will be made about the female consciousness of Jane Eyre for women today, from which it can be seen obviously that the modern female have their own personal traits.Key Words: female consciousness, self-respect, true love, independenceContents摘要 (I)Abstract........................................................................................................................................ I II1. Introduction (1)2. The Performance of Female Consciousness of Jane Eyre (2)2.1 Personal Equality Awareness (2)2.2 The Pursuit of Dignity and Independence (4)2.3 The Pursuit of Love and Marriage (5)2.4 Independent Awareness in Economy (6)3. T he Causes of the Formation of Jane Eyre’s Female Consciousness (7)3.1 The Individual Factors (7)3.2 Family Factors (8)3.3 The Social Factors (8)4. The Revealing of Jane’s Female Consciousness for Modern Female (9)4.1The Influence of Jane Eyre (9)4.2 The Significance for Modern Female (10)5. Conclusion (10)Bibliography (12)Acknowledgements (13)1. IntroductionCharlotte Bronte is a great critical realist in the 19th century who was born in a poor family at Thornton Yorkshire. Her father is a country clergy man who has three daughters, and the another two are Anne Bronte and Emily Bronte. Wuthering Heights was a great work written by her sister Emily and the other sister Anne has ever published Agnes Grey. Their novels based on their miserable lives are very popular in the word. Charlotte Bronte went to a charity school where bad food and poor living conditions were provided, and then, she was removed from the school to start a sketchy learning at home. She had been in a boarding school, and later was appointed as a family teacher. She has not received much formal schooling in her youth, but wide reading and home education seemed to give full play to her imagination. She had written lots of works in her long life. In 1842, Charlotte learned French for nine months in Brussels, and got a job. The job gave her a chance to work there as a teacher for one year. Later, she got married with a clergyman, but less than one year she died in 1855.Her masterpiece, Jane Eyre, is a world famous novel in 1847, and has been translated into many languages. She later wrote a great number of works in the past 40 years, which made her enjoy a high reputation.Jane Eyre is a novel written by Charlotte Bronte based on her own experiences, which is her most famous work. This novel has brought public attention and a heated discussion for over 150 years. On the surface, Jane Eyre is about a love story that tells us the beautiful love between a poor young woman Jane Eyre and a rich man Mr. Rochester. But when we read it carefully, it can be found out that this work is not only a simple love story, but also reflects some social issues in Victorian. Eyre is an orphan who is plain, timid and weak. She is ill-treated seriously by her relatives. She rebelled and fought bravely against the social oppression and discrimination, made unremitting efforts of pursuing freedom, equality, independence and true love and she always tries her best to seek for a happy life, which makes her a tough character with strong self-respect, beautiful ideal and wisdom. It can be seen that Jane Eyre, a marvelousfigure, has left us so much to recall and to think: she is a special image out of ordinary. She has the bravery to express her own idea and creates her own life. She always works hard and keeps her self-respect, intelligence and her tough personality under the pressure of life. In her point of view, everyone is not different at the same sky. Though there are differences in status, property and appearance, but all the human beings are equal in personality. She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for the recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. Jane tries her best to gain women’s liberation and to pursue freedom, equality and true love in spite of all difficulties. She began to understand the true meaning of life, and tried to brave and strong to live. She thinks i t’s her spirit that makes the life meaningful. Jane Eyre was Charlotte Bronte’s own embodiment to resist the oppression of the traditional morality.The heroine Jane moves most readers as a unique image in spite of her plainness, poverty and low position. There is no doubt that this novel is of great importance in the history of world literature, and a new image it creates gives a profound meaning about Jane’s personalities. It can be said that Jane Eyre is an excellent declaration of women. It is Jane Eyre’s female consciousness that awakens women’s strong desire for liberation. This thesis manifests the females’ situations under the traditional morality in Victorian age. Jane Eyre fights against to break the traditional morality at that time, which is the appearance of feminine consciousness. Women’s pursuing of equal social status like men and independence in life can be easily found.2. The Performance of Female Consciousness of Jane Eyre2.1 Personal Equality AwarenessWomen were discriminated against by men and almost had no right at Victorian Age because man dominated and controlled everything, including woman. However, Jane Eyre dares to challenge men’ authority and traditional ideas in the process of going for the freedom and equality in her life. One of the eternal sights is her powerful confession of love. In a pleasant evening, to tempt Jane Eyre, Rochester saidhe was going to marry Miss Ingram, but also expressed that he was passionately in love with Jane. He hoped that Jane would stay with him. Jane Eyre immediately retorted: “Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?--a machine without feelings? And can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!--I have as much soul as you,--and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh;--it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal,--as we are!” (Charlotte Bronte, 2007: 23) Here, Jane Eyre thought that her pride was hurt, and pure emotions played a trick by the traditional concept, so she sent out the angry voice under the patriarchal culture depressed women and gave a call of equality between men and women. In this section of the confession of love, it can be found that the poor consciousness and the sense of the slave of the employees are far from Jane Eyre. Some others thought that she was easy to look down on, thanks to her ugly looks and poor family. So when someone met Jane Eyre, they always seemed quite contemptuous, for that they think that they obviously much prettier than Jane. But as the little Jane had said: ‘Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!’(Charlotte Bronte. Jane Eyre, 2003: 67) from that the idea of equality was showed strongly in Jane Eyre’s mind. She was not given the beautiful looks and an amount of money, but everyone is equal in the eyes of God, and Jane is not an exception. She has a kind heart and a thinking brain, which is different from others. What she impresses us most is her awareness of everyone is equal and the sense of self-respect. The strong power can be felt in her small body. Jane Eyre never forgets that she is equal with other people when in the face of that arrogant noble young lady. She always insists on the principle of equality between men and women. She said angrily and discontentedly: “women generally are considered to be very loyal, but they also have the same feelingwith man. And they, like their brothers, also need to play their talents to the full, to exert them to the harsh environment.” (Charlotte Bronte.Jane Eyre, 1997:45)the book shows its uniqueness and force because of Jane’s insistence on equality and shocked many women around the world. In order to strive for equality, Jane made a strong resistance. It can be said that Jane played the female consciousness of that age.2.2 The Pursuit of Dignity and IndependenceJane’s strong independent awareness has an impact on the people from other parts of the world. She was thrown into a survival environment where her parents were dead. However, it is possible for Jane to pursue her self consciousness and self rights. Aunt’s contempt, cousin’s insult and beat and the snobbishness of the servants, these are never made her give up. Instead, she rises up to struggle against opponents with terrible fear, and never compromises. Jane Eyre begun to realize that she had to rely on nobody but herself to get the respect from others at the Lockwood boarding schools. Although constantly humiliated in school, she didn’t sink in humiliation. She got her strength to obtain independence from her dear teacher and fellow students. Maria Temple, an independent woman, is the headmaster of the Institution. She has a responsible attitude toward students and sees everyone equally, even the low students. From then on, Jane began to realize that independence is of great importance thing for everyone to fulfill their values, which is a meaningful lesson she leaned from Maria Temple. Later Jane made great progress in the aspect of her studies and won the respect and understanding from her teachers and students. Eventually she succeeds and gains respect and popularity from the people around her.Later Jane began her teaching career, which made her be independent economically. Without economic independence, female liberation movement would be impossible. When Rochester provided Jane with a chance to free her passions, Jane came to realize that she would be sacrificing her dignity for the sake of her feelings, so she refused without hesitation, because she thought that the freedom and independence she achieved by living as Rochester’s mistress is shameful and disgraceful. From the point of Jane’s view, everyone is equal in terms of personality, without regard to their different status, property and appearance. Love must be basedon equality and mutual independence. Women with independent personality, self-esteem, self-love, but not attached to the other people can get others’ respect, love and real happiness. So when the rights and dignity was invaded, she will be desperate to resist for their human dignity.2.3 The Pursuit of Love and MarriageIn Britain, at that time, it is difficult for women to obtain a majority position that truly belongs to them. Women don’t free to choose a spouse and to enjoy freedom. But Jane is a woman full of new love. She has the bravery to be against the social order and convention. The love between her and Mr. Rochester is on the basis of equal exchange mind and spiritual communion, especially on the emotional communication. That is a kind of love o f ‘soul calling soul’. She insists on that she doesn’t need any stranger who has no common language and is incompatible with her. She needs a type of person with me; she can get emotional resonance together. Love is equal and need mutual exchanges. This is the first criteria of mate selection in Jane Eyre’s view. She is just a poor teacher with a small figure and no charming beauty, and she hasn’t a noble position, an illustrious background, and an amount of wealth or a beautiful appearance. The only proud thing is her self-respect and her staunch independence. She never expects Rochester to love her for that she thinks there is a wide gap between them. In order to not lose herself, Jane always keeps her self-respect and independence when they fall in love. Therefore she has won the love of Rochester. It can be acknowledged that the reason lies in her unique personality and bright spirit that is her most valuable personality.It is said that love is the most beautiful thing in the world, which can bring human beings the spiritual happiness and delighted warmth. However, some people regard their love as goods that can be sold and measure their marriage by some materialistic staff, such as social status, money and power. Maybe they have never tasted the true love. Jane and Rochester love each other; the true love is their common goal that can enjoy the same thing. They can break the bonds of tradition and surpass all obstacles. More efforts like that have been done to achieve true love after they experienced a lot of sufferings. Eventually Jane falls in love with Mr. Rochesterwho has rich experience and wisdom, but not for his wealth and high rank. Rochester loves Jane for her unique character.Honesty should be based on mutual trust and play a very important role in love. Communication is also very important in inter-personal relationships, especially in love. Two people during the time of loving, they will communicate with each other honestly and share the same interest. Then they can have a perfect love. Jane and Rochester are just like this. At the beginning, they have some certain love feelings due to their frank exchanges. Jane understands and loves Rochester more when he tells all things about what happened in his past. Actually, Rochester sees Jane as a real independent person, not an employee or the slave of man and has a strong desire to get true love from her. When it comes to Jane’s love, her marriage has to be built on equality, mutual respect and honesty. She looks down upon the people who get married for money, status and any other beneficial things and refuses to be a puppet especially in the rich family. She truly loves Rochester and has nothing to do with his wealth and social status.2.4 Independent Awareness in EconomyIn the novel Jane Eyre Charlotte expressed strongly a view that female must achieve independence in economy. Charlotte mentioned that, no more than one, if the unmarried women have not their own property, they have to face the hard situation of their low status and aimless to live. She also thought women should not be the goods of the market for sale, but should actively fight for their position, and pursue the spiritual liberation and personality independence that is on the basis of economic independence. It is very necessary for woman’s liberation and their dignity, personality and position.Jane does not want to be the slave of money and to rely on others. She falls in deep love with Rochester. But he does not want Jane to go on working he wishes Jane belongs to him completely and considers Jane as his property. Jane refuses his suggestion without any hesitation．In her opinion，if she loses her job, she must depend on Rochester to live，thus economic independence says goodbye to her. She thinks that a kind of independence in property may also be a kind of comfort. Shedoes not want to be piece of personal belongs of Rochester. At last, she decides to preserve her independence.In the beginning of the novel, economic factors have obvious performance. Her father left her no penny in childhood, so she had to be a sponsor with abuse and humiliation. But through her own hard work, she had a job, a family teacher, which made her gain independence in economy. And at the same time, she also paid more attention to seek spiritual freedom. This freedom and independence are to maintain the foundation of all rights. Eventually she was married Rochester whose a large number of heritage burnt in a big fire. Here, it can be found that Ja ne’pursuit of economic independence is just the way of the achievement her independent personality.3. The Causes of the Formation of Jane Eyre’s Female Consciousness 3.1 The Individual FactorsJane Eyre has her own wisdom, courage and knowledge to achieve a happy life and realize her values, from which she comes to be recognized and respected. Her positive attitude towards life and the confidence in her own experiences make her take a turn for the better．Frankness and rejoicing is her hopeful attitude toward her unfortunate life. In Jane’s long life road, her attitude was formed from her life experiences, her feelings and viewpoints, and the life attitude also experiences a process of growth and maturation. Jane Eyre indicates her resolution by action, making all the costs to maintain human dignity.Jane has some qualities that modern woman should have. In such an era, the patriarchal cultural oppression exists in every corner of the female life. Jane Eyre figures out that a powerful man is based on wom an’s ignorance and obedience, and she comes to realize that women can not be controlled and dominated by man. On the contrary, woman should go for the equal rights in occupation, education and any other facets in life. Because Jane Eyre is strong, and can always keep a clear mind, in any crisis emergence, she always shows calmness. Whenever Rochester is in trouble, heinstinctively turns to Jane who can give him the inner power of life. In the process of getting along with Jane, Rochester has been totally attracted by her unique personality charm, so that he is totally dependent on Jane Eyre in spirit and life. Jane Eyre’s individual factors are the important elements for the formation of her female consciousness.3.2 Family FactorsJane Eyre is an orphan, whose parents passed away when she was very young, being raised by Mrs. Reed, her cruel, wealthy aunt. Jane has ever received kindnesses from a servant named Bessie who often told her some interesting stories and singing songs. One day, she fight with her bullying cousin John Reed, and said “Wicked and cruel boy!” “You are like a murderer.” (Charlotte Bronte, 2007: 12). After that, Jane was confined in the red-room by cruel aunt, in which Jane’s Uncle R eed died. While locked in, Jane was so frightened that she believed she saw her uncle’s ghost, and she screamed and fainted. The sufferings from humiliation teach Jane to be maintaining dignity over anything else. She wakes to find herself in the care of Bessie and Mr. Lloyd, the kindly apothecary who suggests to Mrs. Reed that Jane be sent away to school. When her aunt said she was a liar and nasty girl. Jane felt her personality is suffering from a brutal trample, so her humiliation and anger turned into strong resistance in her heart: “You think I have no feelings, and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness; but I cannot live so, and you have no pity. People think you a good woman, but you are bad, and you are deceitful!”(Charlotte Bronte 2007 , 2 第三十页) This victory made Jane Eyre hurt in her young mind once again , she realized that the only way was the resistance if one wanted to be survive, and obtain fair treatment as anyone else. These family factors have a great impact on her female consciousness later.3.3 The Social FactorsIn 19th century, women did not have any status. They were discriminated and had no such choices. Most of them lived in a state little better than slavery. They had little choice but to obey men, because man dominates all the things in most cases. Girls are forbidden from college and can land only low-income jobs. Women s solepurpose was to marry and reproduce. At that time, woman just was teaching as school mistress or a tutor in a private family. They are educated to remain ignorant and uneducated.In the late 19th century, feminism began to gain popularity in some western countries such as Britain and America and so on so forth. Feminism means that women can get equal rights and opportunities with men; it is a social reform that seeks to end the inferior status of women. Feminism is worldwide. Its aim is to save women from all forms of oppression, and led to unity between women. The charter movement in which the proletariat struggle for democratic rights is rising. From then on the position of women was given prominence. Many people put forward the slogan of freedom for woman's rights, and woman’s independent awareness has been greatly raised. They think they are all equal with men and they have the right to decide their own marriage. Jane with unique character is different from many other women in the male-dominated society. Jane’ great character inspirits not only women but also men. Jane’s a great soul is a bright star to guide us in a long journey.4. The Revealing of Jane’s Female Consciousness for Modern Female 4.1The Influence of Jane EyreJane Eyre develops from an angry, rebellious girl into a sensitive, confident and independent young woman. In fact, she is also the prototype of the author in this novel. It can be said that Jane’s biggest barrier is her social class, but even so, Jane never give up pursuing her financial and emotional independence. The reason why she rejected to marry Rochester was that she realized she can get married with him so long as she has obtained the financial independence. She acknowledged that self-esteem and economical independence were the basis of maintenance a marriage of equality. She is valued for her humanity and values. The story told with terrific intensity. The hardships Jane experienced were illustrated in such a simple and plain language that you could not be read without emotion. Jane Eyre is unique in Victorian fiction. It is one of the most popular of all English novels and has a great effect on thepeople all over the world.4.2 The Significance for Modern FemaleIt can be seen that the status of woman has been improved so fast nowadays, but woman’s status is also very low in some countries. Most feminists believe discrimination against women still exists in North American and European nations, as well as worldwide. But as we all known, it have taken a considerable leap for the rights and status of woman. It is also interesting to witness that in recent years some developing nations, such as India, and Israel that have chosen women as heads of state. What’ more, many women are working in many big companies as leaders or boss. Moreover, we take for granted that women can choose whether or not to marry, and whether or not to have children, and so on. On the whole, we can say that the liberation of woman is no longer a big issue, but we still need to make every effort to fight for more rights for woman. There also seems little doubt that the demand for sexual equality will persist until it has fully been granted everywhere. Today, however, in addition to economic issues, problems of sexual self-determination have come to the foreground. We should do everything we can to advance woman’s right s and status, and achieve real equality between men and women.5. ConclusionFrom the analysis above it can be seen Jane is a good model for women in all aspects, such as, her self -esteem, respect, independence, and her views on true love, her courage, her spirit and ideas. This road in J ane Eyre’ life is full of hardships. In this process, she has ever been depressed, but she was brave and still struggled for her own ideal and dream under the bad environment. She has a heroic spirit in facing hardships. There is a process of growth and enrichment in Jane Eyre’s attitud e towards life, which includes the formation of personality, the attitude toward love and the attitude toward life and death. From this a new feminine image from Jane is presented; the image can be the firm ideals and persistent pursuit of self-esteem, independence, self-reliance, the choice of one’ own life. This is the charisma of JaneEyre, as well as the purpose of this paper. So we still say Jane Eyre is great. Charlotte who publishes her own idea through Jane Eyre is greater. Through Jane Eyre , It can be understood that the woman can find the true love and the sense of belonging so long as they does not submit to the social class and the sex prejudice, and does not approve the oppression, or the status which controls them.Finally, the sprits of independence and sovereignty for women advocated by Charlotte Bronte is what the modern women are pursuing even day, which also influences millions of her readers who can’t get an equal treatment in the society from ancient time till now. Let the great work light up every corner of being unfairly treated women.Bibliography[1] Bronte Charlotte. Jane Eyre [M].New York: Oxford University Press. 1975[2] Charlotte Bronte. Jane Eyre[M]. Shanghai: Foreign Language Teaching andResearch Press. 1996[3] Gaskell Elizabeth. Life of Charlotte Bronte[M]. Hammondsport:PenguinPress.1975[4] Wu Wyden. History and Anthology of English Literature[M]. Beijing: ForeignTeaching Printing House.1982[5]胡进.《简·爱》女权意识的探析[J].淮南职业学院学报,2004（2）[6]胡晟娇，邱薇.论简·爱的反叛性格和女性意识形成的心路历程[J].湖南环境生物职业技术学院,2006（2）[7]李献民.2002，译《简.爱》[M].呼和浩特：内蒙古人民出版[8]佟靖. 激情、叛逆、女性独立—论简·爱形象的塑造[J].齐齐哈尔大学学报,2003（2）[9]夏洛蒂·勃朗特.简爱[M].李霁野，译.西安：陕西人民出版社[10]於奇.女性主义文学与女性意识觉醒[M].郑州大学出版社,2008AcknowledgementsMy deepest gratitude goes first to my supervisor XXX, for her constant encouragement and guidance.As a senior, because of lacking of experiences, so there are some limitations in my paper. During my paper writing process, I get the kindly care and patience instruction from my teacher. She helped me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Her serious responsible attitude and strives for perfection of the work style, infecting and driving me deeply .Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have completed on time. Extend my sincere gratitude and the lofty respect to my dear XXXLast my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.。
简爱 英文论文
AbstractJane Eyre is a realistic masterpiece in 19th century, which has a strong romanticism color. People universally consider that the work is based on its author’s life story,. This thesis discusses the similarities and differences of characters between the writer Charlotte Bronte and the heroine Jane Eyre and mainly focuses on the character of Jane Eyre. This article includes life experiences of Charlotte and Jane and the true love but complicated between Jane and Rochester. Therefore, the novel successfully builds a feminine image that is born to be mean and live a path winding, however, actually keeps a positive attitude which maintains independence and keeps initiative in love, life and society, and dares to struggle, and dares to strive for the free equal standing. The aim to write this article is through Jane Eyre, we can find a new female who enjoys noble quality which involves self-respect, tough and independent.Key words Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, equality, independent, love摘要《简爱》是19 世纪一部具有浓厚浪漫主义色彩的伟大现实主义长篇小说，人们普遍认为该作品是其作者生平的真实写照。
英语论文-Analysis of Marianne’s changing view of love
英语论文-Analysis of Marianne‘s changing view of loveFrom Sensibility to Sense ---Analysis of Marianne‘s changing view of love Abstract: Jane Austen is a great female writer in the history of English literature. Her works have an effect to the world. ―Sense and Sensibility‖ is a famous one among them. This paper mainly compares the two sisters view of love: Elinor is rational while Marianne is emotional. With the development of the story, Marianne‘s attitude is changing from sensibility to sense. Under the contemporary social condition, this rational view of love has its particular meaning. Ideology, class, money as well as other people‘s help are important factors used to explain her view. At the same time, this changing view has its influence to the people and the society. Key words: sensibility; sense; view of love; change.[大秘书网文章- 找范文,到大秘书网] 从情感到理智---- 解析玛丽安变化的爱情观摘要：简奥斯丁是英国文学史上一位著名的女作家，其著作对后世影响深远。
从《简爱》看早期女权主义的理想和追求
华南师范大学成人本科毕业论文从《简爱》看早期女权主义的理想和追求论文作者：XXX专业年级：XXX指导老师：XXX日期：2012年2月20号摘要英国女作家夏洛蒂・勃朗特在其代表作《简・爱》中成功地塑造了一个敢于反抗,敢于争取自由和平等的妇女形象。
简・爱在成长的过程中,遭受了来自社会的许多偏见和虐待。
但她的女性的觉悟也逐渐得到了培养。
女权意识在她的身上体现得淋漓尽致。
罗切斯特先生实在是一个可怕到致命的人物，他相当的复杂，有时候几近于残忍。
但是所有造成这一切的是因为他曾受到深重的伤害，他青年时犯下的错误（娶了疯癫的伯莎·梅森为妻，也就是第一位罗切斯特夫人，那位一直被关在阁楼里的可怜的女人）使得自己至今伤痕累累，心中深深的伤痛无法痊愈，他需要别人的关爱，更需要自己的保护，所以他把自己紧紧的围裹起来，以冷酷示人。
他又能怎么样呢？如果我是罗切斯特先生，或者换了任何一个人，对于曾经这样的伤痛该何以作答？我从没有听过那么一声撕心裂肺的呼唤，罗切斯特先生站在空旷的地方大声呼唤着他的简：“简，快接受我吧。
说，爱德华——叫我的名字，爱德华，我愿意嫁给你。
”这无疑是整个文学作品里最彻底最令人满足的瞬间Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?—— you think wrong!——I have as much soul as you, ——and full as much heart! (And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh):—— it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed the grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal, —— as we are!If God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh: it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal — as we are!关键词：反抗简爱女权平等Key words：equal引言《简·爱》写于1846年，是夏洛蒂的第二部小说。
the feminist view of love in jane eyre 简爱中的女权主义爱情观学位论文
Outline1. Introduction2. The Reasons Why the Feminist View of Love Is Popular2.1 Background of the Society2.2 The Author’s Experience3. The Development of Jane Eyre’s Resistance3.1 Outburst Period at Gateshead3.2 Jane’s Resistance at Lowood Institution3.3 Jane’s Resistance becomes Perfect at Thornfield and Moor House4. Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Independence and Freedom4.1 The Definition of Feminism View4.2 Jane Begins to Realize the Importance of Independence andFreedom4.3 Jane Gains Strengths from Her Teacher and Her Friend to AchieveHer Independence4.4 Jane Develops Her Independence fully and Enjoys the Pleasure of It5. Jane Eyre’s View of Love5.1 True Love should Be Based on Equality5.2 The Marriage Pursued by Women must Be Based on True Love6. ConclusionSchool of Foreign Languages, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi 343009Abstract: Jane Eyre is written by Charlotte Bronte who is the famous English novelist. It successfully presents the first female character in the history of English literature that takes an independent and positive attitude towards love, life, society and religion and dares to struggle and strive for freedom and equality. Because the novel throbs with the heart-beats of its author, both literary critics and the readers have taken great interest in its heroine. Jane Eyre, whose unconventionality is shown in the heroine’s pursuit of liberty, equality and independence. This essay attempts to prove Jane’s feminist view of love through the analysis of her personality. The image of Jane Eyre is brilliant for her rebellious character. She always insists on her principle to fight bravely against the unfair world. She still tries her best to pursuit freedom, equality, independence and true love. By unremitting efforts, she finally gets dignity, freedom and true love.Key Words: Feminist; Independence; Equality; True love简爱中的女权主义爱情观摘要：《简•爱》是英国著名小说家夏洛蒂.勃朗特的代表作。
(英语毕业论文)从《嘉莉妹妹》看美国梦与道德观(开题报告+论文+文献综述)
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关于《简爱》全英文论文
On Analysis of Jane’s Love View（简析简的爱情观）摘要《简爱》是英国文学史上的一部经典传世之作，它成功地塑造了英国文学史中第一个对爱情、生活、社会以及宗教都采取了独立自主的积极进取态度和敢于斗争、敢于争取自由平等地位的女性形象。
简是一个意志坚强，追求独立，敢于反对封建礼教，敢于抵制封建宗教的压迫与束缚的女孩。
正是因为简的独特而高尚的性格特点深深的吸引了罗切斯特，而简爱上罗切斯特并不是因为他的财富，身份地位，而是他的才华。
简追求的是纯洁而特别的爱情，在简的眼里，爱情就是爱情，与金钱，身份，地位毫无关系。
即使自己是一个地位低下的家庭教师，而罗切斯特却是一个有身份，地位的贵族，但是简并没有因为这些因素放弃对罗切斯特的爱，爱了就爱了，后来一场大火毁了罗切斯特的一切，他不再是那个拥有一切的完美的人，而是一个落魄的残疾人，但是让我们钦佩的是简却选择了与罗切斯特同甘共苦。
就这样简谱写了一段美好的爱情，她向我们诠释了什么是真爱，她让我们明白了爱情的真谛。
关键词:简.爱，坚强，独立，反抗的精神，纯洁的爱ABSTRACTJane Eyre is a classic literature masterpieces in the history of English, as it shaped the history of English literature, as it the first taken on love, life, social and religious independent proactive attitude.It dare to struggle, fight for freedom and pursue the equality of status of the female .Jane is a girl who has strong will and pursue independence, she is a woman who against feudal ethics and resist the feudal oppression bravely. It is because of Jane’s special and noble character that attract s Robert’s deeply, while Jane falls in love with Robert not because of his wealth, and social status, but his talent. Jane pursues pure and special love, in Jane’s eyes, love is love, and it has nothing to do with wealth, social status which he has. Though she is a tutor with low status, while Robert is a man with noble status, Jane does not give up her love because of all of these elements. Later, a fire ruin everything of Robert, he lose most of his glamour which many girls are longing for, he is a disabled man with nothing, however, what makes our admire is that Jane choose to share ups and downs with Robert. In her life, Jane composes a beautiful love, which shows to us what true love is, and makes us know the true meaning of love.Keywords: Jane Eyre,Strong, independent, Rebellious spirit, pure love1.IntroductionJane Eyre is a classic literature masterpieces of Charlotte Bronte’s of the British in the 19th century. Jane Eyre is widely acknowledged that it is a biography of poetic portrayal of Charlotte Bronte “poetic portrayal”, which is an autobiographical work.It is a story which an orphaned of British woman who suffer from all kinds of hardships, constantly pursuit of freedom and dignity, adhere to herself, and ultimately get happiness.As we know, Jane pursues a noble love. In her eyes ,love itself is love, it has nothing with money, power and status. She is humble, but she can attract all thepeople with her own unique qualities. In the today's world, people are crazy about money and status seems rather drown love. In their most people would choose the rich rather than the poor Few people would choose true love and give up everything without any hesitation. Jane makes us believe, as a women who has an independent personality and self-esteem, self-love, self-reliance, even if she is a wild lily, she also have their own pride. Jane simple love set us an example to inspire modern people pursue the true love. So in Jane Eyre, love is pure and great.2. A brief introduction of the author and background.2.1 A brief introduction of the authorCharlotte Bronte(1816-1854) was born on April 21 1816, third of the six children of Patrick Bronte. The major event of her young life was the death of her mother in 1821, which created a lot of chaos. In 1824, Charlotte and her two older sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, were sent to the newly-opened Cowan Bridge Clergy Daughters' School. Conditions there were bad even by the standards of the time, and it was not long before both Maria and Elizabeth became ill enough to be sent home, where they both died of consumption in the spring of1825. Patrick brought Charlotte and her younger sister Emily, who had recently joined them at the school, back home as soon as the other girls became ill, but Charlotte in particular never forgot what the school had been like.Charlotte's next adventure was going to school in Brussels with Emily in 1842. Charlotte's time there was brief, less than two years, but it led to her eventual writing of Villette beginning in 1852.Back home, Charlotte lapsed into chronic unemployment and severe hypochondria, actually thinking she was going blind, just like her father was. In 1846 the three sisters published a book of Poems, and though sales were very slow, the reviews weregood and spurred on further literary endeavors. Charlotte's novel of this time, The Professor, was actually rather bad, suffering from a less-than believable main character. In August of 1846 Charlotte began work on Jane Eyre. Though it was published in 1847, Charlotte didn't tell her father about it until the next year, when the novel's success was plain. Jane Eyre is a classic literature masterpieces of Charlotte Bronte’s of the British in the 19th century.2.2 Background“Jane Eyre is a classical work produced in Victorian time by Charlotte Bronte. This novel has attracted widely attention and discussions for over 150 years after its publishment”. 张伯香.英美文学选读.[M] 外语教学与研究出版社1999年版. On the surface, Jane Eyre is a love story about a poor young woman Jane Eyre and a rich man Mr. Rochester. But when we read it carefully, we can find out much deeper connotation, and we can understand that this work is not only a simple love story, but also reflects some social situations. Especially was the problem of the relationship between women and the traditional morality in Victorian time. In this novel, Bronte expresses strong dissatisfaction for females’ unequal social status, and Jane Eyre was her own embodiment to resist the oppression of the social traditional morality and to break the ag e’s fetter. And this novel also reflects that at that time, women have been already realized they should struggle for their independence of spirit and equal rights on many aspects in the social life. This thesis according to expounding the females’ situati ons under the traditional morality in Victorian age and the analysis of heroine’s behavior and thinking which broke the traditional morality at that time in Jane Eyre, to find the appearance of feminine consciousness and the demands of women for having equal social status like men in society and getting independence of life and spirit. Jane Eyre is a famous work written by Charlotte Bronte, and this novel was published in 1847 and became an immediate success. This thesis will research the “unwomanly” character of the heroine under the Victorian traditional morality. ”胡珊珊Analysis of Jane Eyre Purpose and Significance of study[J]2010 第四期All ofJane’s behaviors showed her difference from traditional morality. In such a period, a little girl struggled for h er equal rights in her guardian’s family, a student made efforts to improve the living condition of school, a young governess pursued her real love and refused the proposal of the man she did not love. All of these behaviors disobeyed the traditional moral ity in Victorian age. She broke the model of “angel in the house” throughout her life. Her “unwomanly” character was also showed obviously.3. The love view of Jane from following perspectives3.1 The analysis of Jane’s Love View from Jane’s independent charactersWhen Jane was a litter girl, she was so unlucky and depended on others. she had no friend, whatever she did, she just do it by herself. So she built up independent character on everything from her young age. Mrs.Reed did not allow her children to associate with Jane, so, she had ever said：“They are not fit to associate with me” These words is the best illustrated fact that she is an independent girl in her inner world, including love. Jane pursues happiness, looking forward to get happiness and achieve the true love. In her inner world, she wishes that she can communicate with others’ sincerity, not rather than rely on others to love or belong to others. She has her own soul. She wants to control the master of her spirit, stick to her own personality dignity.When Mrs Fairfax knew that Jane and Rochester had fallen in love and prepared to get married, Mrs Fairfax thinks its unbelievable, she just says some words：“he has Do you belive him? Have you accept him? Mrs Fairfax looked at me bewildered I could have thought it He is a proud man all Rochesters were proud : and his father at least, liked money. After a later Mrs Fairfax repeated :‘Equality of position and fortune is often advisable in such cases, and there are twenty years of difference in yourages .He might almost be your father’”. 《简爱》p388-389 From Mrs Fairfax’s words, it is easy to know that Jane and Rochester is not match. Their love would not have a good result because of the difference of the position and status. But Jane give me a sur prise with her answer,she said: “No, indeed , he is nothing like my father! No one, who saw us together, would suppose it for an instant.” 《简爱》p390. From m Mrs Jane’s words, it is easy to know that Jane never care their positions, ages and status. In his eyes, she and Rochester, they are equal, they love each other so deeply. She believe that their love will be last forever.So, no matter what happened, Jane always live independently. Later, she met her cousin, St. John. St. John hopes that Jane should marry him, and help him to finish the religious career and god’s mission. Because there is no love between them. So Jane refuses St. John.She needs truly love,not mission. In England, religion always plays a very important role.But Jane was able to break the shackles of religion, and pursue the independent love and independent world. So we have to say, Jane was an independent girl. Unfortunately, everything is not always smooth sail. When Jane knew that Rochester had got married, At that moment, she said:“Mr Roc hester I must leave you, I must leave you. I must part with you for my whole life. I must begin a new existence among strange faces and strange scenes”.《简爱》p449 From Jane’s these words, we know that true love just belong to two people, it not contain the third person to share their love. Even though Jane loves Rochester so much.But at last, she would rather choose to give up. Because Jane pursue love which is a kind of independent love, not become someone else’s shadow. we can easily know from Jane’s leavin g that Jane advocates independence of love, pursue the independent personality dignity. “However, I could not help ask that only this step can prove that does Jane is a independent girl. I don’t think so, after all, female independence needs a great courag e, it is a long and complex course.” 张颖刘妍胡珊珊浅析《简爱》中的女性主义精神[J] 2011 第十期It needs more courage to give up loves. I think it is the most important step to gain free and independence. Jane’s independent love had become theclassical example of independent female. So I hope this world would appear many Janes. No matter she is rich or poor, I hope they can live strongly and independently.3.2 The analysis of Jane’s Love View form her Strong-willedJane was a weak and short girl, but she has a strong heart and soul. she has no mony, position, and status. But sha has extremely personal temperament and very rich emotional world. After the temper of life, she abandoned the natural weak of female and cowardice which belongs to many females. Then Jane developed the strong and independent personal characters gradually. When she was a young girl, she lived with her aunt. They treated Jane badly, they often brings force on her. But Jane never willing to accept any insult, instead struggling to them try her best. Even though the result are not satisfactory, but she never give up sticking to her own opinion. When Jane leaves her aunt’s home and comes into school, Mr. Brocklehursts said:“this girl, this child, the native of a Christian land, worse than many a little heathen who says its prayers to Brahma and kneels before Juggernaut -- this girl is --a big lairs!” 简爱P92 Facing the cold and cruel of Mr. Brocklehursts, Jane has no feeling of fear, instead Jane calmly accepted it. She developed the strong, self-esteem, and independent personal characters through a series of unlucky things. Which arouse her infinite courages and indomitable spirits. She did not lose hope. Instead, she becomes strong and independent to face the irregularly scheduled unlucky things. Even though she never lose personal pure characters.“ Jane clearly knew that she had no beautiful appearance and noble position and status, so she must study hard. She try her best to study all courses, including music,French and art. She clearly knew, as a person, you can have no beautiful appearance, many many money, noble position and status, but you can not have no personal ideas and personal dignity.李佳欣杨柳论<简爱>所诠释的独特女性人格魅力[J] 2012 第三期In her aunt’s home, in order to maintain her dignity, even she resisted aunt’s opinions or fight with her cousin. All of her actions are the best illustrated fact that she is an independent and strong girl in herinner world.After reading Jane Eyre, she choose to be resolute when suffering from maltreat and insult.I appreciated J ane’s strong and independent personal characters and self-esteem which shows in facing the noble and elegant person and upper class. All people loved the spirits of self-esteem and strong of Jane when she fell into love. All people admired her courage of leaving Mr Rochester because she was unwilling to be a love puppet. All people appreciated her brave personal character, in order to find truly love, she climbed the hills and went across the rivers to find Mr Rochester. Which find in who dare to could put themself in danger in order to find truly love. At Thornfield, she was not feel Self-abasement because of she profession on the contrary, she thinks they are equal. Mr Rochester was infatuated with her and love her deeply from his inner heart. Mr Rochester rather likes Jane’s elf-esteem, independent and strong personal characters.“Her character attracts so many reader, so many women regard her as an example ” 张颖刘妍胡珊珊自卑：简爱鲜明的人格特征.[J] 2011 第十期In other words, there is no Jane’s elf-esteem, independent and strong personal characters, there is no the pure and special love between Jane and Rochester.3.3 The analysis of Jane’s Love View from Rebellious spirit of Jane The Rebellious spirit of Jane is natural. When Jane was a litter girl, she lives with her aunt who was very hate her, so they treat badly to her, even screw and beat her. So rebellion came naturally to her heart, when facing unfair treatment which comes from her cousin and her aunt.“After so many unfair treatment She never feel scare and intend to retreat. Instead, she chooses to resist”.谭蒙革.简爱女性独立形象分析.[J] 2011年. 第5期Jane had ever said：“I was conscious that a moment’s mutiny had already rendered me liable to strange penalties, and , like any other rebel slave, I felt resolved, in my desperation, to go all lengths.” 刘丽一个时代的女性呐喊与追求[J] 2009 第十期From these words, we know that the revolt has become mainstream in her character, a person want to get freedom, firstly, he must have awareness ofresistance. “After the end of each resistance, my mind had a sense of satisfaction before never appear, a sense of victory began to expand, rising, as if an invisible shackles broke free, finally struggling to slightly have always dreamed of freedom hall.” 刘丽一个时代的女性呐喊与追求[J] 2009 第十期This time I remembered, the real world is a vast field, where people are encouraged to break the resistance. And Jane is such a person. Jane’s consciousness of resistance grow with increasing age when she was a child. She resist injustice and oppression of her aunt and cousins, in schools, in order to prove that she was not a lair,she debated openly with schoolmaster. When she knows Rochester had married, she refused to Rochester’s request without any hesitation. W hen St John wants to possess Jane through the guise of religion, she openly refused St. John’s on behalf of the British religious faction. Jane did these simply searching freedom, for pursuing true love, she oppose religious bondage and control without hesitation.Jane is not a gentlewomen from the aesthetic standards of social lady, but the readers and Mr Rochester love her because of her spirit revolt and the constant pursuit of freedom and equality.“The charm is a very rich vocabulary, a woman was praised the charm, it is apparently much more abundant than simply admire her beauty.”《浅析<简爱>主人公的性格魅力》However，the indomitable character of Jane, the goodness, the pursuit of freedom, the pursuit of true love character of Jane made her become an attractive and charm woman.4. The analysis of Jane’s special and pure love view4.1Love itself is love, it is not relate to religionIn Victorian period of England, critical realism had been on the stage of history, but religion still played a very important role. However, Jane was able to break the traditional ideas of feudalism. She thinks that religion is faith, and it is elusive. As shethought the psalm in the Bible is very boring. She once had such a conversation with headmaster Mr. Brocklehurst before she went to school. From her words, we can draw a conclusion that Jane was against to religion, which can be proved that Jane was not under the influence of England religion. It also can say she dares to struggle change with religion and the word. Later, Jane met her cousin that she never met before, St. John who is a typical representative of traditional literati, with religion as his life career, and live to accomplish the mission of god to live. When he need assistant, Jane appears. So an idea strikes to his mind, namely, he wants Jane to stay with his as a helper, and help him to complete the mission of god. When St.John told this idea to Jane, Jane hesitates because of her kindness. Jane is respect St. John, so she did not want to hurt him. But she also cannot marry to him, she did not want such a result because she did not love John. So Jane was determined to be his helper instead of his wife, but St. John said, ：“A part of me you must become”P605.《简爱》Actually St John just wants to possess Jane through the guise of religion so that he has ignoring other’s feeling, and ignored Jane’s idea about love. Jane once said to John.“ I scorn your idea of love, I scorn the counterfeit sentiment you offer：yes St John, and I scorn you when you offer it ”. Finally, Jane refuses John’s request without hesitation and starts to look for her true lo ve. “Because the different opinion of Love I think Jane has refused not only the John's request, but also refused the repression of the feudal moral. Jane, with a thin body and lower identity, in order to seek her own love, she is willing to struggle with feudalism.”于秋谭.简论女性意识在简爱中的体现.[J] 文学评论.2002年第4期. No matter how many difficulties and obstacles she must face, it can not stop her confidence and courage to pursue true love. It's enough to see that how noble and pure the Jane’s love view is, nothing can sto p her to find the pace of love in her heart.4.2 Love itself is love, it is not related to money, power and status. In Jane Eyre, the authors suggests that the basis of marriage is love, not material,money and so on. The failure of the first marriage of Rochester had proved that marriage was not base on material,money and status. And a true love is not depend on any external factors, which are not subject.It just say that Jane get married for love, not because of the material and other factors betray her love. As we all known, Jane is in pursuit of a noble love. In her eyes, love itself is love, it have nothing to do with money, power, and status. In her eyes, love is in each other's heart and it is soul communication. Even though Jane just was a ordinary tutor, but she never give up her love. She thought everyone is equal, everyone has rights to get the true love. When Jane and Rochester decided to get married, Rochester brings Jane to the town, to bought gold and silver jewelry, but it is not make Jane happy, on the contrary, Jane hate these. “Oh sir1—never mind jewels !I don’t like to hear them spoken of. Jewels for Jane Eyre sounds unnatural and strange: I would rather not have them”.From her words , We knows that Jane was not like other woman, who likes to wear jewelry.P381《简爱》Since I had read Jane Eyre,I also dumped for Jane. Like her in high position than her in front of the so-called high society people show the kind of supercilious attitude . Like her in the face of love showed that self-esteem self-improvement of the spirit, I can not help but sigh in the distance she progressed fort he age two hundreds, How many girls have the courage to say not to a beloved and rich man? Jane can be! In her eyes constantly with a kind of independent personality grandeur and noble!Do you think, I am a poor obscure, plain and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! I have as much as you and full as much heat! Each time reading Jane Eyre, I will shock by these words. This is a strong sense of self-release, a sad overarching overcome all overriding intertwined with love force. Form her behaviors and words can show everyone has right to pursue one of their own love. She was not beautiful, humble, but attracting all the people with their own unique qualities. Female and male is equal, only an independent and self-release that did she could get respect, love,and happiness. Rochester would not love Jane if she had not noblepersonality. Jane Eyre is the idol of women generation in that period, her shadow is released into the atmosphere around us, so many people regarded her as a criterion, we all can live the confident and magnanimous, we all can find our true happiness along the fate are given clues.In the today's world, people are crazy about money and status. Choosing rich between the poor and the rich, choosing not love between love and not love. Few people would choose true love and give up everything without any hesitation. Maybe when people have nothing but money, they will go to the pursuit of “true love”. Maybe simplify getting back to basics. Perfusing some truth and warmth in the pursuing true love.It should be regarded as a beautiful life. Please spun off from the hustle and bustle of the glitz of the secular, stop and carefully read of Jane Eyre, and communicating with the soul of Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre is a fairy tale, she makes us believe, as a women who has an independent personality and self-esteem, self-love, self-reliance, even if she is a wild lily, she also have their own pride. Jane slightly love set us an example to inspire modern people pursue the true love.5. ConclusionThe appears of Jane Eyre was a sensation the literary world of the 19th century, with its irresistible beauty it has attracted thousands of readers, it has an irrepressible urge to drive people to pick up this book, along with deeply moved,and soul thrilled. Jane Eyre shows to us a simple love which is a return to nature, without taking into account the feelings of the pros and cons .It is like as a glass of ice water which can clean the mind of every reader.Through research and analysis of Jane Eyre, I learned that she is a strong, independent, girls and she dare to pursue the true love. Her special and noble concept of love set an example for us, in her eyes, love is the exchange of two hearts and souls, love is not controlled by external factors. Her love encourage us to pursue freedom, equality, rue love bravely. And at the same time she was able to help us to understand the true meaning of love.AcknowledgementMy greatest debt, both intellectual and personal, is to my supervisor Song fengli and Lu yuna With their inspiration and encouragement, they has led me into this amazing scientific field. Without they instruction, my career would have been radically different; and this work would obviously have not appeared. Mrs. Song has supported with sage advice, heartfelt encouragement and has recommended me some papers and dissertations which has saved me considerable amount of time and effort in doing such a job. I am deeply indebted to Mrs. Song for her enlightening instructions, critical comments, and especially his kindness and patience in examination my work in detail.I am also grateful to all the teachers in English department. Thanks to my dear classmates and roommates for their sincere help and friendship during my stay at Xing Yi Normal University for Nationalities.My heartfelt thanks go to my families for their persistent support and encouragement through the years.References1、夏洛蒂.勃朗特.简爱. [M] 世界图书出版公司 2008 年版.2、张伯香.英美文学选读.[M] 外语教学与研究出版社1999年版.3、谭蒙革.简爱女性独立形象分析.[J] 2011年. 第5期4、刘丽一个时代的女性呐喊与追求 [J] 2009 第十期5、张颖刘妍胡珊珊自卑：简爱鲜明的人格特征.[J] 2011 第十期6、于秋谭.简论女性意识在简爱中的体现.[J] 文学评论.2002年第4期7、胡珊珊Analysis of Jane Eyre Purpose and Significance of study [J]2010 第四期8、李佳欣杨柳论<简爱>所诠释的独特女性人格魅力 [J] 2012 第三期9、张颖刘妍胡珊珊浅析《简爱》中的女性主义精神 [J] 2011 第十期。
TheAnalysisofJaneEyre英语毕业论文
The Analysis of Jane EyreAbstractJane Eyre is written by a famous English critical realist woman novelist Charlotte Bronte in 1864. Although having more than 152 years by now, it is popular with a lot of people because of the heroine-Jane Eyre. As an E ngland goes,” beauty is but skin-deep.”A person’s great virtue, a noble soul, a beautiful heart can be called as everlasting beauty. The theses focus on the analysis of the beauty, on the assumption that more people may act like “Jane” and possess inner beauty. First, it introduces the author Charlotte Bronte and Jane Eyre’s path of the life, as well as its historical background of this work. Second, it mainly analyses the character of in Jane Eyre through her life experience in terms of psychology, language, mentality, behavior and so on to reflect the theme. Third, it is about Jane’s love. It expresses the Jane’s longing and pursuit for the most beautiful characteristic of human beings, which enlighten us greatly. Finally, it has discussion Jane’s persona lities and concludes that Jane is a beautiful feminist.Key wordsFemale; independence; dignity; freedom; equal; beautyTextHistorical backgroundThe early year of the Victorian Age was a period of the rapid economic development. England developed into a rich, advanced industrial country. However, there are many social problems, for instance the sharpest contrast between the rich and the poor and rigid social hierarchy. In this period, women were still regarded as the second-class hierarchy. However some outstanding women appeared, such as woman writer Bronte sisters. They were the great English realist of the time. They created bourgeois civilization, showing the misery and suffering of the common people. Although capitalist has appeared, old convention and prejudge remaineddominant. At that time, women were employed as a cheap labor and forced to do very hard jobs, and they didn’t get the vote until the 1918. so in the late period of Victorian Age. A feminist started fighting for women’s equality and fr eedom, and for their educational and employment opportunities. Petition to parliament advocate women’s suffrage were introduced as early as in the 1840.Jane Eyre’s path of lifeJane Eyre is full of tears, misery and starvation, but she constantly strives to become stronger and has the courage to fight continuously for freedom and equality. She becomes strong-mind and persistent in struggling against her fate. The path of her life mainly divided into four phases.1. Life in Gatesheed and Lowood institutionJane Eyre is an orphan, so she is brought by her uncle. After her uncle Mr. Reed, Mrs. Reed sends Jane to the school. The Jane go to Lowood, a charity school, the school condition is very harsh and the girl could not keep the simplest standard. The school headmaster is very serious and hard-hated person who prevent the girl from having normal mental growth. The bad condition and imperious rules made all the pupils lose their clever child nature and make most of them tend to catch disease easily. Helen dies of consumption. Jane survives for her tenacious will power. She spends more than eight years at Lowood. During the eight year, Jane becomes the teacher after six year’s hard working.2. Tutor in Thornfield HallAfter year of misery in Lowood School, Jane advertises for a position for governess. Finally she is employed to teach a eight years old girl Adele whose custodian is Mr. Rochester master of Thornfield Hall. Through not too long knowing about each other, Rochester give her a sense of belonging. At the same time, Jane find herself fall in love with him deeply. However, unfortunately, on the morning of her weding day, Jane knows the fact that Rochester has married Bartha Mason some fifteen years earlier and now Bartha still alive and living in Thornfie ld. No matter how sorrowful Jane is, she leaves Thronfield finally.3. Life in Moor House and the Manor house FerndeanJane used out all her stored money for the coach, so she had to suffer starvation. Because of having no money and hungriness, Jane is forced to sleep outdoors. She actually beg for the food. She is almost died on the Moors. Luckily, St. John River and his sister saved her with great effort. After a period, St. John finds that Jane is helpful for his missionary if he takes Jane as her wife. Therefore, he tries to persuade Jane to marry him and travel India as a missionary.4．Jane comes back to ThornfieldJust at this moment, Jane realized what she has loved. Jane immediately hurries back to Tthornfield and found it has been burned into ground by Mr. Rochester’s wife who is died in the fire. At here, Rochester and Jane rebuilt their relationship and soon get married. Jane and Rochester enjoy the perfect equality in their life together.Form Jane’s path of life, we know that Jane’s life is full of tears, misery and starvation; however, she never gave up the determination in struggling against her fate and maintains her dignity. Through analysis of her characters, we learn that Jane is brave enough to uphold her independent personality and dignity, although she possesses neither wealth nor physical beauties, which was a symbol of a women’s social position in her times. On the other hand, Jane suffers a lot of individuals who threaten her autonomy. She combats the injustice with great courage, and maintains her justice, freedom and human dignity and morality. Meanwhile, Jane is also a sincere, wit, simple-mind, kind hearted and magnanimous young girl with passion and reason. As for Jane’s love, her marriage is based on equality, respect and honesty. She looks down upon the marriage for money and refuse to be a puppet in noble family. She truly loves Rochester instead of his money and social status.The main character of Jane EyreFrom the point of the writer’s point of view, what she gives us is not a pretty face or a transcendent temperament that make us admire deeply, but a huge charm of her personality. She is a marvelous figure, and it is safe to say that Jane Eyre gives reader treasures spirit.A.Self-respect and pursuit of freedom and independenceAfter Jane accept Mr. Rochester love, Rochester would marry jam as a noblewoman and buy jewels and expensive clothes for her, which remained Jane greatly of poverty. Jane forbids Rochester’s desire to buy them, because she loves him without regarding others. She refuses to have sexual relationship with him because she does not want to lose her independence for her passion. Just as they are the holding wedding in the church, Mr. Martha comes in with a lawyer declare that Mr. Rochester still has a wife who are still alive. Although his wife had gone mad for many years, Rochester has been trying to convince Jane to stay with him and Jane also love Rochester deeply. However, Jane is very sorrow and conflictive in her heart. Jane fells from eager happy woman to a cold and lonely girl again. All of her hopes are died. No matter how Mr. Rochester persuades her to stay, Jane state “I am a free woman with an independent will, which I now extend to leave you.” Jane leaves Thornfield quite without dawn.B．Pursuit of equalityJane struggles continually to achieve equality and to overcome oppressions. In addition to social hierarchy, she must fight against patriarchal domination. In Jane’s mind they are equal with which is different from other servants who think that they are inferior that those upper class. At Lowood Intuition, the school headmaster is severe and very hard-hearted, especially arbitrary, which made other person yield to him, but Jane is unwilling obey with him, because Jane is believe that they are equal in mind. Therefore, after two years of teaching experience, Jane goes Thronfield Hall as a governess through advertisement. When Jaen arrives at Thornfield, Mrs. Fairfax treat him kindly, Jane feels very comfortable because she fells equality in their conversation.C. Passion and reasonJane’s life is full of passion but she is reason as well. In her childhood, Jane struggle for freedom and independence with passion. When Jane heart that Rochester will get married with a noble beautiful Miss Blanche Ingram, Jane can not keep crying to Rochester “Do you think I stay here and become nothing to you? Do you think I am poor, humble and plain? I am soulless and heatless. Y ou think wrong!” When Jane know they love each other sincerely and deeply. Jane also arranges her lifelike before as a governess, keeping her dignity and independence. When Jane know Rochester has married and his wife alive, Jane is passion in heart. Jane stay in a room lonely think much and says “I must go: that I perceive well.” Jane realizes that such freedom can also mean enslavement by acting Rochester’s mistress. She would be sacrificing her dignity and integrity for the sake of her feeling. St. John River, unlike Rochester, is a young handsome clergyman, even though he was cordial and courtly. However, Jane fined he is stubborn and detached. By listening to his voluble Calvinist speech, Jane realizes that he does not find happiness in religious faith. St. John restrains his love and passion of her love, Jane almost accept his offer of marriage, but ultimately can not turn her back on passion, Jane still love Rochester with passion. So she forcefully foreboding make her back and want to know how Rochester is. When Jane meets Rochester at Ferndean, she has many words to say with him, but she does not say. She controls her passion and knows how to do with reason.D. Benignancy and kindheartednessWith constant efforts, Jane becomes a teacher. After two years of teaching experiences, Jane advertises for a governess to teach Adele. Adele is a little girl whose mother abandons her and Rochester is her custody. When Jane knows the fact, she gives the little girl mote attention and love, likely Jane is her sister and mother. Therefore, Jane is welcomed in the Rochester’s family.In all, the analysis of Jane above shows that Jane is different from other woman in the male-dominated society. Her unique character and beautiful soul make her more beautiful than other beautiful heroine in famous novels. Jane’s character inspires not only women but men. Her influence exert beyond her era and across culture. Jane’s beauty enlighten that heart is an engine of the body, and brain is the source of the thought, and a great soul is ensemble northern star to guide us in a long journey.The novel is rich in poetry, symbolism and metaphor. It does not fit into a definite pattern and, being neither a novels of “manners” in the tradition of Austen, or a straightforward Gothic Romance in the style of Mrs. Radcliffe. What Charlotte Bronte did was to create a work which cleverly blends elements of the two styles, and which remains uniquely independent of them at the same time, since it addressesissues which were at the time rather controversial.The novel is written in the first person, and thus magnifies the central character-the reader enters the word of Jane Eyre and is transported through her experiences at first handThe novel is primarily a love story and a “romance” where wishes come true but only after trials and suffering. The romantic elements are present in two forms in Jane Eyre. The family aspect is dealt with in the Gateshead, Lowood and Moor House episodes, which involve the exchanging of the wicked Reed family for the benevolent River one, and the love romance is dealt with in the Thronfield and Ferndean episodes. Both aspects are, of course linked and interwoven throughout the novel. There is also a strong element of realism in the novel. The sense of place is very strong. We are able to experience both exterior and interior settings in a sense of vivid derive passages. The central characters are also realistic and their confrontations and sufferings change them in a believable way.Bibliography1. Liu Bingshan. A Short History of England Literature [M]. Henan People Press, 1993.2. Phillips Brian. Ppular Study Guide. Tianjin: Social and Technical Printing House, 2003.3. 范文彬，“《简爱》与妇女意识’。
《简爱》论文
Research on Enternal Life of Helen Burns in Jane EyreBy09-4，Cao Sijia (曹思佳No.20)A paper submitted in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for literature classto Qinggong CollegeHebei United UniversityNovember 2011A BSTRACTCharlotte Brontë (1816-1855) was born at Thornton, in Yorkshire, England, one of the most famous English novelist. Her works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness toward self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a longing for love. Jane Eyre is the novel written by Charlotte Brontë according to her own experiences. And it is the most famous works of hers. In this novel, the author shapes a tough and independent woman who pursues true love and equality, and is a good example of all women. While, Helen Burns is another typical female character in the typical circumstance Lowood besides Jane. Helen represents a mode of Christianity that stresses tolerance and acceptance, in sharp contrast to Jane. This paper mainly will discuss the character of Helen Burns in the novel, and probe into the sincere friendship between Jane and Helen, the further meaning of “Resurgam” that engraved on her little marble tombstone, and even the great influence she exerted on Jane.KEY WORDS: Enternal Helen Burns Charlotte BrontëJane Eyre摘要夏洛蒂·勃朗特(1816-1855)，出生于英国北部约克郡的豪渥斯，英国最著名的小说作家之一。
(比较文学与世界文学专业论文)《简·爱》与《红楼梦》女主人公形象的比较研究——中西文化互观中的简·爱
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ｔｗｏ ｉｍａｇｅｓ：ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｉｍａｇｅ ｏｆ Ｊａｎｅ Ｅｙｒｅ，Ｃｈａｒｌｏｔｔｅ Ｂｒｏｎｔｅ
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ＩＶ
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简爱论文(英文版)
Jane Eyre — A Beautiful Soul简爱——一个美丽的灵魂Abstract:‘Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!’ This is the idea of equality in Jane Eyre’s mind. God hadn’t given her beauty and wealth, but i nstead, God gave her a kind mind and a thinking brain. Her idea of equality and self-respect impress us so much and let us feel the power inside her body.Keywords:A Beautiful Soul ,self-respect, striving for life ,the real beauty"Jane Eyre" had come out of the literary sensation of the nineteenth century, it is beauty with an irresistible attracted thousands of readers, there is an irrepressible impulse that drove people to pick up this book, along with deeply moved, but also the soul tremble.This is a novel with a rotation of color, it is a British writer of the nineteenth century, one of the famous Three Sisters * Charlotte Bronte's book. This is one with his heart and strong spirit of the pursuit of the cast to Make a book author mouth infinite emotion and personality charm for women won a brilliant sky.Petite heroine Jane Eyre, homely, no money, no status, but it has an extraordinary temperament and a very rich emotional world. She honed in life, abandoned women born weak and delicate gradually develop a strong and independent personality. She was not willing to humiliation in the face of brutal cousin, but argue. Even though the outcome is unsatisfactory, but consistently did not bow; in the cold devil Mr. Brocker Hess torture, she does not show any fear, but rather calmly carry off, independent strong survive. Read "Jane Eyre", I suffered for her childhood abuse and grief, empathy-like experience with the young Jane Eyre sensitive soul that suffered damage. Jane and I also dumped. Like her position in front of the so-called higher than her high society to show the kind of attitude reasonable manner, like she exhibited in the face of the spirit of self-love that kind of self-esteem, she can not help but sigh in the era in which the distance two hundred years ofmodern progress, there are few women have the courage to their dignity and for a beloved and rich men say it? Jane can! Moment in her body flashed an independent personality of the sublime and lofty!"Do you think, because I am poor, humble, not the United States, I have no heart, no soul? I like you have a soul, but also exactly the same as a heart. If God had gifted me with beauty and wealth, I would It allows you to leave me, as I now to leave you! "Every time read" Jane Eyre ", that they will be shocked by these words. As Edward said, simply, "like a mad bird desperately tearing his feathers." This is a strong self-released A grief and love intertwined together, "dominated everything, conquer everything, overwhelming everything" power. Her own language and actions show that: they have the right to an equal pursue their own love. She is not beautiful, humble, but with their own unique qualities to attract all people. Equality between the sexes, women must have an independent personality, self-esteem, not dependent on other people can earn respect and love, we will have a truly happy. Love shall serve as a basis of equality and mutual independence, not simply accept each other's administration. If Jane chose to stay, willing to be a nameless no points, almost mistress wife, Rochester will be like the original as Chiai with her? He loved reasonable manner, self-respect of Jane Eyre, not a hiding his arms to accept only know how to love a woman! Jane Eyre is generations of female hearts of the most approachable idol, she will not difficult to close, her shadow drifting around us, with her as a criterion, we can live magnanimous self-confidence, can give clues to the fate along find their true happiness lies.In today's real world, people are crazy for money and status seems to drown love. Choose between the poor and the rich rich, the choice between love and not love does not love. Few people like Jane abandon all this for love of human dignity for the individual, and no turning back. Maybe when people are so poor that only money, they will go to the pursuit of "love." Can be smoked mercenary spirit also deserve to have love it? Perhaps to simplify time to return to basics. In the pursuit of material life, we should perfusion of some truth and warmth in life, to pursue one of the true warmth, harmony and tolerance. Let us also seek devote full feeling, excluding gains and losses simplified feelings. Pure like a glass of water, slowly floating down to earth.Detachment from worldly vanity in the hustle and bustle, makes a stop and read of "Jane Eyre" it, go and Jane's soul dialogue. Jane Eyre is a fairy tale, she let usbelieve, have an independent personality and can self-esteem, self-love, self-confident woman, even a lily, will have their own pride, will find their own eternal spring . Jane Eyre, is a poor but aspiring, small in body but huge in soul, obscure but self-respecting girl. After we close the covers of the book, after having a long journey of the spirit, Jane Eyre, a marvelous figure, has left us so much to recall and to think: We remember her goodness: for someone who lost arms and blinded in eyes, for someone who despised her for her ordinariness, and even for someone who had hurt her deeply in the past.We remember her pursuit o f justice. It’s like a companion with the goodness. But still, a virtuous person should promote the goodness on one side and must check the badness on the other side.We remember her self-respect and the clear situation on equality. In her opinion, everyon e is the same at the God’s feet. Though there are differences in status、in property and also in appearance, but all the human being are equal in personality.We also remember her striving for life, her toughness and her confidence…When we think of this girl, what she gave us was not a pretty face or a transcendent temperament that make us admire deeply, but a huge charm of her personality.Actually, she wasn’t pretty, and of course, the ordinary appearance didn’t make others feel good of her, even her own aunt felt disgusted with it. And some others even thought that she was easy to look down on and to tease, so when Miss Ingram met Jane Eyre, she seemed quite contemptuous, for that she was obviously much more prettier than ‘the plain and ugly governess’. B ut as the little governess had said: ‘Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!’ This is the idea of equality in Jane Eyre’s mind. God hadn’t given her beauty and wealth, but instead, God gav e her a kind mind and a thinking brain. Her idea of equality and self-respect impress us so much and let us feel the power inside her body.In my mind, though a person’s beauty on the face can make others once feel that one is attractive and charming, if h is or her mind isn’t the same beautiful as the appearance, such as beauty cannot last for, when others find that the beauty which had charmed them was only a falsity, it’s not true, they will like the person no more. For a long time, only a person’s great virtue, a noble soul, a beautiful heart can be called as AN EVERLASTING BEAUTY, just as Kahill Gibran has said, that‘Beauty is a heart enflamed and a soul enchanted’. I can feel that how beauty really is, as we are all fleshly men, so we can’t distinguish whether a man is of nobleness or humbleness, but fleshly men, so we can’t distinguish whether a man is of nobleness or humbleness, but as there are great differences in our souls, and from that, we can know that whether a man is noble or ordinary, and even obscure, that is, whether he is beautiful or not.Her story makes us thinking about life and we learn much from her experience, at least, that is a fresh new recognition of the real beauty。
简爱论文
摘要平凡的时代中，多数人选择了顺其命运发展，庸俗一生。
但英国女作家夏洛蒂勃朗特笔下的简爱却敢于超越时代的潮流，以其坚强的性格和不朽的灵魂呼唤着自由、平等和幸福。
简爱这一与众不同的性格主要表现在以下几个方面：面对欺辱，勇于反抗；渴求知识，塑造人格；维护尊严，争取平等；寻求自由，追逐幸福。
关键词：平等;自尊;独立;自由AbstractIn an ordinary era, most people choose to be controlled by their destiny and live ordinary lives. However, Jane Eyre chooses to fight against her fate with strong personality and immortal soul and achieve lobtain freedom, equality and happiness. This paper mainly analyzes the protagonist’s unusual personality from four aspects: facing bully, bravely revolting; pursuing knowledge and moulding character; maintaining dignity and fighting for equality; striving for freedom and chasing after happiness.Key Words: equality; self-esteem; independence; freedom目录摘要 .................................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
英文毕业论文--从女性主义的角度分析《简爱》
本科生毕业论文从女性主义的角度分析《简爱》An Analysis on Jane Eyre from the Perspective ofFeminist摘要十九世纪英国女作家夏洛蒂.勃朗特的作品《简爱》因其独特的思想内容和表现手法，一直被看作是英国文学的经典之作。
自从作品问世以来，一直受到文学评论界的关注。
尤其是作品中对女性独立与平等的追求，使得小说中女主人公简爱的形象负载了西方妇女在19世纪开始觉醒的女性意识。
英国文学不乏叛逆女性的形象，但像简爱那样卑微、平凡、孤苦无依而又相貌平平的“弱势”女性，如此自觉地对抗强大的父权社会，算是空前的。
此篇论文从女性主义的角度出发，通过对作品中女主人公简爱的分析，揭示小说中所反映的维多利亚时期女性性别意识的觉醒和当时女性的社会地位。
在维多利亚时期女性地位得到了提高，女性意识得到了发展，但是仍然受到社会等级和社会地位的限制。
但总体来说，随着时代的发展，女性地位和女性意识都得到了不同程度的提高。
关键词：简爱；夏洛蒂.勃朗特；女性主义；平等和自由AbstractCharlotte Bronte is an outstanding woman writer in the 19th century English literature, her work Jane Eyre has been regarded as the classics of the English literature due to its unique content and way of expression. Since the work has been published, it has attracted the attention of the literary critics. Especially the pursuit of female independence and equality, making the heroines of Jane’s image loads the Western women’s awakening of feminist consciousness in the 19th century. There is no lack of the image of rebellious women in English literature, but like Jane Eyre, as humble, ordinary, plain but who have no “minority” women, so consciously against the strong patriarchal society, be regarded as unprecedented.This paper reveals the wake of the gender conscious and the social position of women in Victorian period through the analysis of the heroine from the feminist perspective. The status of women in the Victorian period has improved by the development of female consciousness, but still affected by social class and social status.Key words: Jane Eyre；Charlotte Bronte; female; equality; freedomTable of ContentsAcknowledgements .......................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
简爱英语毕业论文毕业论文文档投稿赚钱网
简爱英语毕业论文毕业论文文档投稿赚钱网AbstractJane Eyre is an e_cellent autobiographical novel written by Charlotte Bronte. It is also her most famous work. In this novel, Jane is a common woman who has no beautiful and charming appearance, but attracts us deeply. The author regards Jane as a tough and independent woman who pursues true love and equality, and is a good e_ample of all women. Jane is an orphan, and has been ill-treated as a little girl. Then she is sent to Logwood institution to receive education, she strives her life to live. Finally she becomes a knowledgeable woman.She learns how to live and how to make a life by her, but dares to e_press her own ideas. Though she has little figure, she is huge in soul. Her kindness, intelligence and independence attracted the hero Mr. Rochester.Though they e_perience a lot of setbacks, she gets a perfect love at last. Thence her fate is changed by knowledge. In this paper, it will deeply e_plain that knowledge can change female 抯 fate.Key Words: Jane Eyre; knowledge; female’s fate摘要《简·爱》是夏洛蒂·勃朗特的一部很优秀也很著名的自传小说。
简爱女权主义毕业论文
简爱女权主义毕业论文夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简爱》塑造了一个成功的女权主义形象——简爱,她虽然出身不幸却勇于同命运抗争。
本文是对简爱的现代女权意识的探讨，欢迎大家来参考！内容摘要：作为英国文学伟大传统之一的女性文学，其漫长的发展过程是女性意识萌动、承袭与勃发的艰辛过程，在夏洛蒂·勃朗特的小说《简爱》中的女主人公简爱，以其强烈的经济独立和人格平等意识，崭新的爱情价值理念，自然朴素、纯实的审美观，超越了二元对立的传统视角，丰富了当时的主流时代精神，宣告了女性自我意识的觉醒，简爱身上折射出的许多超前的现代女性意识形成了英国女性文学传统中最具风采的一部分，有着永不凋谢的美。
Abstract: The process of the female literature, which is one of the great traditons of Britain literature, is with a far-flung development and a process in which the feminie consciousness is bourgeoning, inherited and thriving with hardships. In the noevel of "Jane Eyre" Written by C. Bronte, its heroine whose name is "Jane Eyre", with consciousness of intencse economic independence and personality equality, with the brand-new value idea of love, with the natural, simple and pure aesthetic standard, had preponderated over the traditional angle of view of the dual opposition, and enriched the mainstream time spirit, and announced the self-awareness of feminie cousciousness. Many modern females consciousnesses in advance refracted from Jane Eyre which has formed a part of the most elegant demeanor in the British feminine literature tradition, so her beauty is unfading.关键词：简爱女权意识独立平等自尊自重Key words: Jane Eyre Feminie consciousness Independence Equality Self-respect引言：《简爱》是英国著名女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特创作的一部带有自传色彩的小说，在问世后的一百多年来始终保持着历久不衰的艺术魅力。
简爱性格论文提纲
简爱性格论文提纲古典文学常见论文一词，谓交谈辞章或交流思想。
当代，论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。
下面是简爱性格论文提纲请参考！简爱性格论文提纲题目：Analyze Jane Eyre’s character through the novel Jane Eyre1. 论文观点简爱背负了自然与社会给她的一切不幸，她既没有双亲，也没有财富，最要命的是她没有娇美的'面容。
但是她有着坚强的个性，她敢于反抗、敢于争取平等和独立，而且她也众多女性不同的是：她敢于勇敢表达自己的爱情，蔑视以金钱、地位等物质为基础的爱情。
最重要的是她拥有一颗善良而纯洁的心，她以她的人格魅力征服了众多读者，深受读者的喜爱。
2. 研究的重要性《简爱》这部小说，是英国著名女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的处女座，同时也是她的代表作之一，作者根据自身的经历创作出这一系列作品，简爱的经历和作者的经历非常相似，研究简爱的性格对研究作者有着非常大的益处，同时也能够更好的理解简爱这一人物形象和《简爱》这部作品。
3. 研究方法1、利用图书馆和网络，搜集相关的资料文献，对《简爱》这部作品有更深的认识。
2、搜集资料之后，要加强资料阅读，选择其中有利的部分，深层次阅读。
3、着手写作，和导师保持联系，多交流沟通，接受导师意见。
4. 目录ContentAbstract摘要Chapter One Introduction1.1 Introduction of the Novel1.1.1 Main Idea of the Novel1.1.2 Main Person of the Novel1.2 Introduction of the Author1.2.1 Something about the AuthorChapter Two Character of Different Periods of Jane Eyre’s Life2.1 the Early Childhood Character of Jane2.1.1 Jane’s Character at Gateshead2.1.2 Jane’s Character at Lowood School2.2 the Later Character of Jane2.2.1 Jane’s Character at Thornfield2.2.2 Jane’s Character at Moor House2.2.3 Jane’s Character at Ferndean Manor Chapter Three ConclusionAcknowledgements Reference5.参考文献6. 进度安排1、论文指导第一至三周：完成初稿2、论文指导第四周：指导老师审查论文初稿后发回修改3、论文指导第五周：上交论文第二稿4、论文指导第六周：指导老师审查论文第二稿后发回做进一步修改5、论文指导第七周：定稿6、论文指导第八周：交定稿的打印稿和电子稿。
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本科生毕业论文（设计）论文题目：关于公允价值计量问题的研究姓名：学号：班级：年级：2011级专业：会计（注册会计师方向）学院：指导教师：完成时间：2014 年3 月 1 日作者声明本毕业论文（设计）是在导师的指导下由本人独立撰写完成的，没有剽窃、抄袭、造假等违反道德、学术规范和其他侵权行为。
对本论文（设计）的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。
因本毕业论文（设计）引起的法律结果完全由本人承担。
毕业论文（设计）成果归中南财经政法大学所有。
特此声明。
作者专业：作者学号：作者签名：20 年月日关于公允价值计量问题的研究Study on the fair value measurement2014 年3 月1 日摘要公允价值作为一种计量属性，在国外和国内的会计准则中都得到了广泛应用。
自1997年起,公允价值在我国大致经历了开始引入、禁用和重新使用三个阶段。
然而,2007年爆发的金融危机使世界经济遭遇了前所未有的寒冬，在此轮金融危机中公允价值计量属性被某些金融机构指责为加剧经济动荡的“帮凶”，是否停止使用公允价值计量模式，世界各国对此争议不断。
在此背景下,FASB与IASB纷纷补充和完善了公允价值计量准则,逐步规范了公允价值计量属性的运用。
自2005年起,历经6年艰苦探讨研究,2011年5月,IASB联合FASB终于发布了公允价值计量准则IFRS13,表明了他们对公允价值计量推进和规范的决心。
而与前者不同,我国现行会计准则只是适度和有条件的将公允价值应用于某些具体的会计要素,且对其在实务中的运用只给出了原则性的规定,并没有给出如何确定公允价值的详细指南,这就导致实务应用中会存在较大困难,如利润操纵问题、可操作性问题等。
鉴于这些原因,对如何运用公允价值计量的探讨研究对于发展和完善我国的会计理论意义重大。
本文通过对公允价值计量问题进行分析,首先阐述了公允价值计量产生的历史背景以及相关基本内容，然后分析世界上的主要大国对公允价值计量的态度，其次，使用大量的会计术语探讨公允价值计量方法在中国的运用和发展，最后，使用大量篇幅探讨金融危机下中国国内对公允价值计量方法的重新审视，包括公允价值计量的利弊，并提出相关可行性的建议。
关键词：金融危机；公允价值计量；利弊AbstractThe fair value as a measurement attribute, in foreign and domestic accounting standards have been widely used. Since 1997, the fair value in our country has undergone some changes, the disabled and to begin to introduce the use of three stages. However, in 2007 the outbreak of the financial crisis the world economy suffered an unprecedented winter, the fair value measurement attribute in this round of financial crisis is some financial institutions blamed for exacerbating the economic turmoil "accomplice", is to stop using fair value measurement model, countries around the world to this controversy. Under this background, the FASB and IASB have complement and perfect the fair value measurement standards, gradually standardize the use of the fair value measurement attribute. Since 2005, after six years of hard study research, in May 2011, the IASB joint FASB finally released the fair value measurement standards IFRS13, shows their determination of fair value measurement to promote and standardize. And different from the former, in the existing accounting standards is moderate and conditional applying fair value to some specific accounting elements, and the application in practice is given only to its principle, and did not give a detailed guide to how to determine the fair value, this leads to difficulties, will exist in the actual application of such as profit manipulation, operability, etc. In view of these reasons, the research on how to use fair value for developing and perfecting our country's accounting theory is of great significance.In this article, through analysis of the fair value measurement issues, first expounds the background of the fair value and the basic content, and then analyses the major powers of the world attitude towards fair value, secondly, using a large number of accounting terms to explore the use of fair value measurement method in China and development, and finally, using a lot of space to explore China under the financial crisis on fair value measurement method of review, including the pros and cons of fair value, feasibility and puts forward related Suggestions. Key words:Financial crisis；Fair Value Measurements；pros and cons目录一、公允价值产生的背景 (1)二、公允价值计量的内涵及扩展 (1)（一）公允价值的概念及解析 (1)（二）公允价值的确定 (2)（三）公允价值的计量方法 (2)（四）公允价值的计量特征 (3)三、主要大国对公允价值的态度 (3)四、公允价值计量在我国会计中的表现形式及应用 (4)五、金融危机后对公允价值计量的重新审视 (5)（一）公允价值计量与金融危机的作用 (5)（二）公允价值计量方法的优点 (6)（三）公允价值计量面临的问题 (7)六、完善公允价值计量属性的对策 (8)七、结束语 (10)主要参考文献 (11)一、公允价值产生的背景自20世纪70年代以来，尤其是进入20世纪90年代，会计环境发生了巨大的变化。
不少市场参与者在进行投资决策时更希望得到预测信息，而对历史信息不感兴趣。
金融企业的投资大量买人衍生金融工具，或者通过发行衍生金融工具进行融资。
市场经济随之波动，不确定性增加，于是公允价值计量属性应运而生。
1990年9月，美国证券交易委员会(SEC)主席理查德·C·布雷登首次提出应当以公允价值作为金融工具的计量属性。
不久，SEC、美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)以及美国注册会计师协会(AICPA)举行联席会议，决定由AICPA下属的会计准则执行委员会负责研究和制定有关公允价值会计准则。
最终FASB 于2006年9月正式颁布了财务会计准则公告（SFAS）No．157——《公允价值计量》，将其定义为：公允价值是指市场参与者在有序交易中出售资产所获得的或转移负债所支付的价格。
作为单独的计量属性，（SFAS） No．157的出台对推动财务会计计量的改革和发展发挥了重要作用。
二、公允价值计量的内涵及扩展（一）公允价值的概念及解析我国会计准则委员会在2006年发布的《企业会计准则——基本准则》中对公允价值的定义是“公允价值,是指在公允价值计量下,资产和负债按照在公平交易中,熟悉情况的交易双方自愿进行资产交换或者债务清偿的金额计量。
”广义的公允价值是一种理念,是历史成本的延伸,被用作衡量所有计量属性内在统一性的质量特征,即是否公允地表达了计量对象的价值特征。
因为会计必须反映经济真实,特别是交易或事项的实质,所以公允价值可以满足企业外界利益相关者,特别是大多数的决策者,对会计信息的要求。
公允价值计量主要运用于金融资产的期末计量,对于公允价值计量的研究具有很强的实际意义。
对于公允价值概念的理解可以分为以下三方面:1.经济行为源自开放公平的市场,双方对于交易的情况并不陌生,即信息对称;2.行为的性质,即双方自愿,也就是说交易双方愿买愿卖,两方商定的价格是双方同意的,也就是达成公允;3.公允价值的含义,代表了资产和负债所反映的未来现金流量的现值。
（二）公允价值的确定FASB SFAS NO.157将金融产品分成三个层次:第一层是有活跃市场交易的金融产品,该类金融产品的“公允价值”根据活跃市场的报价确定。
第二层是交易不活跃市场情形下的金融产品,该类金融产品的“公允价值”参考同类产品在活跃市场中的报价或者采用有可客观参考支持的价值模型确定。