SIP Introduction (Tiger)
电信SIP规范(协议细则)
１ 范围．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ３ ２ 编制说明 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ３ ３ ＳＩＰ 及其扩展规范 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ４
中国电信 SIP规范
用户终端 代理服务 SIP-ISUP B2BUA
UA
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互通单元
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注册服务 器 --- 1.
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说明
本章主要描述 User Agent 的行为，但由于实现 proxy 功能的实体在处理消息时 可能转而承担 UAC 或 UAS 的角色，因此 16 章 中有些内容的描述也参照 了本章。但本章中的某些 细节性规定并不适合 UAC 或 UAS 在第 16 章中 的应用场合。 根据第 1 点的说明，本章 中对 Proxy 的要求实质上 是对实现 Proxy 功能的实 体在转而承担 UAC 或 UAS 角色时的要求，因此 本章内容对此种应用场合 下的 UAC 或 UAS 而言可 能都是部分要求。为了说 明上的方便，本章内容对 于“Proxy”只存在“要求” 或“不适用”，如果有特 殊考虑将在“说明”一栏 中进行解释
5.1 invite 消息................................................................................................................ 66 5.2 ACK........................................................................................................................67 5.3 BYE ........................................................................................................................ 67 5.4 CANCEL ................................................................................................................. 69 5.5 REGISTER............................................................................................................... 69 5.6 OPTIONS................................................................................................................. 70 5.7 INFO....................................................................................................................... 71 5.8 PRACK.................................................................................................................... 72
当代大学德语1l1-l7课后习题答案
Schlüssel für Studienweg Deutsch 1 (Kursbuch)Vorkurs 1Ü11.Ma Limin, Uta, Rudi, Li Tao(Fehler bei Sprechblasen: Hallo, Uta und Tag, Rudi müssen getauscht werden. )Ü21. Frauen: Männer:Gabi Kittmann Frau Kittmann Hans Mai Herr MaiAnna Kant Frau Kant Dieter Bamm Herr BammAnita Kuhn Frau KuhnÜ41. a) A: Tag, istB: Guten Tag, Mai, bin / heißeb)C: IchD: Ich binc) A: ist, das istE: Guten, HerrF: Guten Tag, Frau2.A ist Herr MaiB ist Frau KantC ist UtaD ist DieterE ist Frau KittmannF ist Herr BammÜ5● Wie, auf Deutsch● Danke, wie■ Was, bitte● heißt, auf Chinesisch ■ auf Chinesisch ● Danke, was ■ weißÜ6Dialog 1 Dialog 2 Dialog 3a) Bild a) Hand a) Busb) Computer b) Lampe b) AutoPhonetikÜ11lang: Kahn, Miete, bieten, baden, Dame, Tat, Mut, ihm, mahnen, Abend kurz: Ma．ppen, ka．nn, Mi．tte, bu．nt, Mu．nd, Da．mm, Ba．nd, He．md, Bu．tterÜ12heißen (2/1) Arbeiter (3/1) Bielefeld (3/1) Fahne (2/1) Peter (2/1), Computer (3/2)Kinder (2/1) Abende (3/1) Chinesisch (3/2)danke (2/1) Lampe (2/1) Berlin (2/2)Kittmann (2/1) Bamberg (2/1) Papier (2/2)Vorkurs 2Ü2Es geht Frau Bauer gut.Es geht Herrn Holzmann ganz gut.Es geht so.Nicht schlecht.Ü3● Wie■ geht, dir● Danke, schlecht, Gute, Wieders ehen■ Auf WiedersehenTabelle1. 2. 3.Ü6 1.a) A:Verzeihung, heißenB: Und SieA: Ichb) C: Guten, Sind SieD: Nein, istC: Verzeihungc) F: nicht, binE: Frau Yang, Name ist2.A: Rudi Mai B: Vera Bauer D:Gao E: Holzmann F: Yang FangÜ81. 2. 3.PhonetikÜ20Universität (5/5) Bezeichnungen (4/2) Phonetik (3/2) Gegenstände (4/1)Entschu．ldigung (4/2) markieren (3/2)Verzeihung (3/2) Wo．rtakzent (3/1)Betonungen (4/2) Sa．tzakzent (3/1)Wiedersehen (4/1) Vokale (3/2)Mi．tstudenten (4/1) Konsona．nten (4/3) Vorkurs 3Ü21. Deutschland, ist, Jutta Meier, Köln, ist/kommt aus, Lehrer, Studentin, kommt2. Wer, Woher, Sie kommt aus Deutschland, sie ist SchülerinÜ3Ü4 Goethe kommt aus Deutschland, Nelson Mandela kommt aus Afrika，Shakespeare kommt aus England, Lu Xun kommt aus China und Bill Gates kommt aus Amerika.Ü6 (听力材料上是Ü3)a) Frau Groß kommt aus Berlin, sie ist Lehrerin.b) Herr Klein ist Student und kommt aus Frankfurt.c) Herr Liu kommt aus China, er ist Student.Ü7A/3 B/1 C/3 D/2 E/3 F/2A 1. Woher kommen Sie2. Woher kommt erB 2. Wer ist aus Köln/Woher kommt sie3. Sind Sie nicht aus BonnC 1. Wie heißt sie/Wer heißt Wang2. Wer ist dasD 1. Wer ist Judith Keun/Wer sind Sie3. Wer heißen SieE 1. Woher kommen Sie2. Heißen Sie WangF 1. Wer ist Wang Lan3. Wie geht es IhnenÜ8Ü10a) Ist er aus Bonnb) Ist er Studentc) Wer ist aus Berlin/Woher ist Helgad) Woher kommen Siee) Ist das Thomasf) Kommt er aus Frankfurtg) Ist er Studenth) Wie geht es Ihneni) Wer ist dasPhonetikÜ14[][:][]Ü15Ü16Mädchen-Namen: Anna, Gabi, Eva, Monika, Hanne, Anne, Helga, Karin, Jutta, Martha, Vera, Uta, Ina, Lena, Christine, Ursula, Barbara, MargareteJungen-Namen: Hans, Martin, Max, Dieter, Walter, Peter, Michael, Tim, Andreas, StephanVorkurs 4Ü31.11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 1 2 4 7 11 16 22 2992 89 86 83 80 77 74 71 100 99 90 88 78 75 64 60 48 (--4-12)69 64 66 61 63 58 60 55 57 52 54 3 5 9 15 23 33 452.links: 42 rechts: 65Ü41.3, 13, 47, 11, 96, 1, 100, 22, 37, 86, 72, 44, 12, 57, 75, 32, 232.Peter Müller Hannelore Schmidt Gerhard Kramer Beate FischerBachweg 12 Am Kranzberg 37 Goethegasse 22 Berliner Straße 868571 Bergheim 536047 Mittenwald 5318 Burghausen 79247 FeldkirchenTel.: 0813-905682 Tel.: 06721-2838 Tel.: 02166-804276 Tel.: 03033-74921Ü5habe, Meine, Haben, IhreÜ7wohnt, Seine, wohnt, hat, Ihre Vorkurs 4/PhonetikÜ13(录音材料)Ü13(答案)[pX X X X Xf]Ü16● Wie heißen Sie () →● Woher kommen Sie ()■ Mein Name ist Schulze. () ■ Aus Basel. ()● Wie bitte () ● Wie bitte ()■ Schulze. () ■ Aus Basel. ()● Schulz () ● Ahh, ...aus Kassel! ()■ Nein, () Anna Schulze. () ■ Nein, () aus Basel. ()Ü17●Guten Tag, () ich heiße Pan Yuqing. ()■Guten Tag, () Herr Pan. Nehmen Sie bitte Platz! () Woher kommen Sie ()●Ich komme aus Tianjin. ()■Und wo wohnen Sie jetzt ()●Ich wohne jetzt in Shanghai. ()■Lauter bitte! ()●In Shanghai. ()■Wie ist Ihre Adresse ()●Meine Adresse ist Tongji-Universität, () Sipinglu 1239, ()Shanghai 200092. ()■Haben Sie Telefon ()●Ja, () Handy. Meine Handynummer ist . ()Ü18Laute BuchstabenBeispieleLange Vokale 1. [a:]aa, ah,aTag, Waage, Maat, Bahn, Naht. Zahl,Ware2. [e:]ee, eh,elesen, Tee, Meer, Mehl, gehen,zehn, reden3. [i:]ie,(ih,i)sieben, die, Riese, ihre, ihm,mieten4. [o:]oo, oh,oMoor, Boot, Ohr, Kohl, oben, Hof,oben, holen5. [u:]uh, u Uhr, gut, Blume, Hut6.[:]äh, äzählen, nähen, Käfer, Väter,Räte7.[ø:]öh, öSöhne, Höhe, Löwe, lösen8. [y:]üh, üfühlen, früh, üben, LügenKurze 9. [a]a Kamm, Matt, tappen, Bann10.[]12.[ ]14.[ ]17.[]19.[ø] Vorkurs 5Ein Klassenzimmer:eine Tafel, ein Fenster, ein Klassenzimmer, eine Lampe, ein Bild,eine Uhr, eine Tür, eine Wand, ein Tisch, ein BuchÜ1Stuhl, Tisch, Computer, Fenster, Lehrer, Student, Wörterbuch, Lehrbuch, Heft, Tür, Landkarte, Bleistift, Foto, Lampe, Brille, Bild, Handy, Tafel, PapierÜ6aufWas sagt man auf Deutsch Man sagt Entschuldigung, Verzeihungoder Entschuldigen Sie bitte.Was ist das, bitte Das ist ein Stuhl.Und das Das ist ein Handy.Und das da. Was ist das Das ist eine Tasche.Ü7Wie heißen Sie Wie heißt duWo wohnen Sie Wo wohnst duWoher kommen Sie Woher kommst duSind Sie Peter Bamm Bist du Peter BammSind Sie aus München Bist du aus MünchenWohnen Sie in Bremen Wohnst du in BremenHaben Sie Telefon Hast du TelefonWie ist Ihre Adresse Wie ist deine AdresseÜ9Russland: Tschaikowsky Holland: Van GoghFrankreich:Voltaire Deutschland: BachSpanien: Picasso Tschechien: SmetanaÜ101.gut.2.a) A: Woher kommen SieB: Aus Bern. Und SieA: Aus Zürich. Auf Wiedersehen.B: Auf Wiedersehen.b) A: Hast du TelefonB: Ja, meine Nummer ist 25 1423 12. Und wie ist deineNummerA: 4 11 78 97.B: Danke. Tschüss.A: Tschüss.PhonetikÜ61.Herr Ma: Ist das hier ein Foto ()Student: Ja, das ist ein Foto.()Herr Ma: Und das da () Ist das auch ein Foto ()Student: Nein, () das ist ein Bild. ()Herr Ma: Sehr gut. () Danke. () Und jetzt fragen Sie! ()2.Studentin: Entschuldigen Sie bitte. () Herr Ma, ich habe eine Frage. ()Herr Ma: Bitte, fragen Sie. ()Studentin: Auf Englisch sagt man computer. () Was sagt man auf Deutsch ()Herr Ma: Wer weiß das ()Student: Auf Deutsch sagt man auch Computer. ()Herr Ma: Richtig. Und was heißt E-Mail auf Deutsch ()Studentin: Das heißt natürlich auch E-Mai l. ()Herr Ma: Richtig. ()Ü7a)Lehrbuch, Kla．ssenzimmer, Wö．rterbuch, Buchstabe, Wo．rtakzent,Sa．tzakzentb)Ha．ndynummer, Kugelschreiber, Bleistift, Hausnummerc) die FDP, der DAAD, die AG , der BMW, der VWd) der D-Zug, das U-BootÜ8a) ein Buch, ein Computer, ein Telefon, ein Kugelschreiber, einSchüler, eine Ta．sche, eine Tafel, eine La．ndkarte, eine Ha．ndynummer, eine Lehrerin, eine Stude．ntinb) die Schwe．ster, der Vater, der Lehrer, das Zi．mmer, die Ta．sche, dasHaus, die Tür, der Tischc) meine Bri．lle, Ihr Ha．ndy, Ihre Telefonnummer, sein Zi．mmer, seineE-Mail-Adresse, ihr Kla．ssenzimmer, ihre Adre．ssed) Hans Mai, Peter Baum, Uta Ki．ttmann, Anna Schubert, Thomas Ho．lzmanne) aus Deutschland, aus Österreich, aus der Schweiz, aus Berlin, aus HeidelbergVorkurs 6Ü3Gao Mings Vater: Techniker, 60 Jahre altGao Mings Mutter: Sekretärin, 59 Jahre altGao Mings Bruder: Schüler, 15 Jahre alt:Gao Ming ist Germanistin. Sie und ihr Mann Tang Pei kommen aus Sichuan.Sie leben und arbeiten in Shanghai. Ihre Eltern leben in Chongqing. Ihr Vater ist Techniker und 60 Jahre alt. Ihre Mutter ist Sekretärin und59 Jahre alt. Sie hat noch einen Bruder. Ihr Bruder ist Schüler und15 Jahre alt.Ü61. komme, wohne, kommen, lernen, sind2. seid, sind, studiert, studieren, studierstÜ71.2.3. Michael und Bernd sind 27 Jahre alt , ihre Adresse ist Münchener Straße 51 und ihre Telefonnummer ist 87602.Ü8Was, Was, Wie, Wer, WieWoher, Wo, Wie, Wie, Wie, Was, WoDas Bild rechts oben: Was ist dasDas Bild rechts oben: Wer ist dasPhonetikÜ11.heißen, le．rnen, wohnen, Tafel, E．ltern, Mu．tter, Zeitung, Fe．nster, Lehrer,A．rbeiter, China, Leipzig, A．nna, Meier2. wohin, Berlin, Christine, April3. besuchen, Beruf, erklären, erzählen, verstehen, Verkäufer,Geschwi．ster, Gebäude, gemütlich4. a) Labor, Regal, Lektion, Bibliothek, Universität, Expo．rt, Impo．rtb) Germani．stik, Stude．ntin, Kollege, Familie, Adre．sse5.Hausfrau, Kugelschreiber, vierzehn, Lehrbuch, Großvater, Familienfoto,Universitätszeitung6. korrigieren, probieren, buchstabieren, markieren, exportieren, importieren7. ABC, AAA, BMW, BWL, CDU, CSU, DAAD, DDR, EG, ., FDP, FH, GmbH, HRK, Kfz,KMK, ., LKW, ., PDS, SPD, SZ, UN, VR, VW, VWLÜ2- Hallo, () Yang Fang. () Wie geht es dir ()- Danke gut, () Anna. () Und dir ()- Auch gut. ()- Ich habe jetzt Telefon. ()- Und wie ist deine Nummer ()- .- Hast du auch E-Mail ()- Ja. () Meine E-Mail-Adresse ist () - Hast du schon meine Handynummer ()- Ja, () die weiß ich. ()Ü3Lang eVoka le[a:][i:][u:][e:][:][o:][ø][y:]Vater,JahremarkierenBerufLehrerin,lesenSekretärSohn hörenSchüler,BücherKurz eVoka le[a][i][u][][][][y]Ga．rtenZi．mmer Mu．tterE．ltern,Te．chniker,Geschä．ftsmann, Sä．tze,Te．xte,To．chter,Do．lmet-scherWö．rterKü．cheÜ4Ü5Ü6[]Ti schSch reibenSt udentsp rechen[]*G enieEta g eMonta geÜ7[] [t]Ü8a) 30 Buchstabenb) 20 Vokale + 24 Konsonanten = 44 LauteLösungsschlüssel für Studienweg Deutsch 1(Kursbuch)Lektion 1TexteÜ12 Klasse jung alt neu Campus Haus Student studieren Universität Sport Platz und mehr modern English sie was ist3 Das sind drei Studentinnen und ein Student.Hier ist ein Hörsaal.B: Hier rechts ist eine Bibliothek.Ü21 a) Die Hochschule ist modern.b) Nein. Die Deutschabteilung ist klein.c) Die Englischabteilung ist groß.d) Nein, das Studentenwohnheim ist neu.2 a) Die Hochschule ist alt.b) Ja, die Deutschabteilung ist groß.c) Die Deutschabteilung.d) Die Studentenwohnheim sind modern.Ü4Das Haus ist modern. Er ist sehr groß.Das Mädchen ist klein. Der Mann ist groß und alt.Hier ist ein Fahrrad. Das Fahrrad ist nicht neu und nicht schön. Es ist schon kaputt.Ü6Wir studieren Germanistik.Unsere Hochschule ist groß.Unsere Klasse ist klein.Unsere Lehrer ist Herr Ma.Unsere Lehrerin heißt Euler.Sie sind unsere Deutschlehrer.Unser Lehrbuch heißt Studienweg Deutsch.Ü71 Wiederhole das bitte!Sprechen Sie bitte laut.2 Bild1: Seien Sie bitte leise!Bild2: 1) Sprechen Sie bitte laut. 2) Laut bitte. 3) Lesen Sie bitte laut und deutlich.Bild3: Öffnen Sie bitte die Bücher.Ü10Die Studenten lernen Deutsch.Die Studenten schließen die Bücher.Herr Ma fragt und die Studenten antworten.Wang Lan kommt aus Nanjing und studiert inBeijing Germanistik.Germanistik ist eine Wissenschaft.Jetzt lernt sie Deutsch./ Später stdendiert sie Germanistik.WörterÜ41 haben2 Name3 Arzt4 Student5 Vater6 Abend7 fünf8 schon9 bitte 10 bald 11 gut 12 Frau 13 das 14 er 15 BuchÜ51 der Hörsaal, das Studentenwohnheim, die Deutschabteilung, die Englischabteilung, die Bibliothek, der Sportplatz, das KlassenzimmerGrammatikÜ1a) Er, Sie, sie, Sie, Esb) Sie, Wir, Sie, erc) ihr, Esd) Ich, due) Sie, sieÜ3a)kommst, leben b) komme, leben c) kommt, studiert d) kommen, studierene) kommen, Arbeiten, Wohnt f) komme, arbeite, lebenÜ5a)Ist, ist, ist b) bin, bist c) sind, seid d) Sind, seid e) Seid, sind, ist f) Ist, sind, ist, istg) ist, ist h) sindÜ6a)/ 2, 4, 5, 7 b) / 3, 4, 6 c) / 1, 4, 8Ü7BMache bitte die Übung! Zeige bitte die Fotos!Komm(e) schnell!Buchstabiere das, bitte!Übe bitte den Dialog!Sei bitte nicht so laut!CMacht bitte die Übung! Zeigt bitte die Fotos! Kommt schnell! Buchstabieret das, bitte!Übt bitte den Dialog! Seid bitte nicht so laut!Ü8das Fenster, der Tisch, die Lampe, das Buch, der Busdie Tafel, das Wörterbuch, der Stuhl, die Uhr, das Handyder Koffer, die Hand, das Telefon, der Bleistift, die Schultashe das Bild, der Computer, die Zeitung, das Foto, der Kugelschreiber die Bibliothek, das Notitbuch, der Ball, die Brille, das HausLektion 2TexteÜ41 a) ein, kein b) einen, keine c) eine d) keinen/einen2 a) die, die, das, die, die b) den, Der, dieÜ9ein, groß, Pause, Kaffee, nimmt, Zuckereinen, eine Katze, ein Ei, ihr Feuerzeug, eine HandFotos, Wohnung, ihre, ihre, ihren, Freundin, einen FreundÜ11b ac c cWörterÜ1a)doch b) denn c) doch d) denn e) doch f) denn g) denn h) denn Ü2a)Zeigt doch mal das Fotos.b)Ist das denn dein Freundc)Und wer ist denn dasd)Wie alt ist denn deine Schwestere)Trink doch noch einen Kaffee.f)Schreibst du denn keine E-Mailsg)Seid doch leise.h)Sprich doch bitte lauter.Ü3a)Aha b) So so c) Ach so d) Na jaÜ4a)So so b) Na ja c) Ach so d) Aha e) Na ja So soÜ6a)Klas-sen-zim-merb)deut-lichc)öff-nen schlie-ßend)Eu-ro-pae)Spra-che Wis-sen-schaftGrammatikÜ11 nimmt nimmt nenhmen2 lese liest liest lese Lest lesen3 Sprechen spricht Spricht SprichstÜ2a)Habt, ist b) Sei/Seid c) Sind, Hast, habe d) ist, ist, Hat, hatÜ5a)seinen b) Ihre, keinen c) meine d) einen, unser e) unsere, Ihr f) deine, Meine,meing) eure, unsereÜ8a)Wen besucht Yang Fangb)Was findet sie nichtc)Was weiß sie nicht und wen fragt sied)Was übt Anna im Zimmer und was macht sie danne)Was trinken die beiden Freundinnen zusammenf)Was zeigt Annag)Was üben sie zusammenLektion 3WörterÜ11 a. b. c. d. e.2 a. Um halb fünf. b. Um Viertel nach sechs. c. Von Viertel nach zwei bis drei.d. Um zehn vor halb eins.Ü5a.Schonb. erst, nochc. schon, zu spätd. zu früh, erstGrammatikÜ21 Der Film dauert von halb 10 bis 12Uhr.2 Herr Wang fährt nach Heidelberg.3 Thomas spricht gut Chinesisch.4 Du hast schöne Wohnung./ Du siehst selten fern.5 Ihr seid unsere Freund./ Ihr habt eine schöne Wohnung.6 Die Kinder schlafen neun bis zehn Stunden.7 Wir gehen gern die Bibliothek./ Wir haben heute frei./ Wir haben heute keinen Unterricht.Ü4a.Spricht er Chinesischb.Was liest duc.Nehmen Sie den Busd.Nehmen Sie ein Taxie.Wohin gehst du_f.Wann haben Sie freiÜ6Woher Wohin Wohin Wohin Woher Wohin WohinÜ9Herr Schmidt kommt gegen 18Uhr/ um zehn Uhr/ in 15 Minuten.Die Pause dauert 20 Minuten.Der Herbst dauert September bis Oktober.Der Bus kommt in 15 Minuten.Der Film beginnt gegen 18 Uhr/ Der Film dauert zwei Stunden/ von 14 bis 16 Uhr.Mein Freund schläft bis 10 Uhr/ acht Stunden.Die Fahrt dauert zwei Stunden/ 20 Minuten/ acht Stunden.Das Tennisspiel beginnt in 15 Minuten/ um 19 Uhr / gegen 18 Uhr.Ü11Wie, Wie spät, Wohin, Was, Wie lange, Woher, Wo, Wo, Wann, Wie lange, Von wann bis wann / Wann, WannLektion 4TexteÜ6eine Lernkartei, Rückseite, Übersetyung, Karteikasten, Fächer, neu, kann, wiederhole, lerne, wiederhole, wiederhole, Fach 2WörterÜ1a. Unsere Deutschlehrein ist toll.b. Oh, ist dein Fahrrad kaputtc. Lies mal die Zeitung!d. Ich habe am Wochenende keine Zeit.e. Wer geht heute in die StadtÜ2Übung üben Die Studenten üben Dialoge.Student studieren Er studiert in Deutschland Germanistik.Unterricht unterrichten Er unterrichtet Englisch.Antwort antworten Du antwortest auf die Frage.Frage fragen Der Lehrer fragt die Schüler.GrammatikÜ1Ü4a.Sb. Sc. Dird. Sitte. Af. Sittg. Adj, Ah. Diri. Aj. Dirk. Sitll. A, Am. DirÜ5d. S+V+Ne. S+V+Dirf. S+V+Sitlg. S+V+Nh. S+V+Ai. S+V+A, S+V+Aj. S+V+Adj, S+V k. S+V+N, S+V+N +V+DirÜ6b.Schließen Sie bitte die Bücher! S+V+Ac.Tom fragt seinen Freund. S+V+Ad.Was sucht du S+V+Ae.Wann spielt ihr Tennis S+V+Af.Spricht Herr Wang Deutsch oder Englisch S+V+Ag.Lesen Sie bitte etwas lauter! S+V+Adjh.Seid ihr aus Deutschland oder Österreich S+V+Dir Ü7b.Wen besucht sie in Dalian Ac.Wohin fährt sie morgen Dird.Wann färht ihr Zug Sitte.Wie lange dauert die Fahrt Sittf.Was s ucht sie überall Ag.Wen fragt sie Ah.Wer findet die Fahrkarte in der Tasche Si.Wie spät ist es aber Sittj.Wie ist das Adjk.Was ist jetzt weg SLektion 5TexteÜ4a.Doch, sie fahren in die Nanjinglu.Nein, sie fahren nicht in die Nanjinglu.b.Doch, die Shops dort sind ziemlich.Nein, die Shops dort sind nicht teuer.c.Doch, sie bekommen dort Schmuck.Nein, sie bekommen dort keinen Schmuck.d.Doch, Herr Bode fährt in Urlaub.Nein, Herr Bode fährt nicht in Urlaub.e.Doch, er möchte Pinsel kaufen.Nein, er möchte keinen Pinsel kaufen.f.Doch, ihr Hobby ist Malen.Nein, ihr Hobby ist nicht Malen.Ü5a.diese, dieses, diesesb.Welches, diesesc.diesen, Dieser, diesend.diese, diese, Welche, Diese, dieseÜ91.2,05 Euro: zwei Euro fünf, zwei fünf0,98 Euro: achtundneunzig Cent5,39 Euro: fünf Euro neununddreißig, fünf neununddreißig 1,95 Euro: ein Euro fünfundneunzig, eins fünfundneunzig 0,75 €: fünfundsiebzig Cent4,61 €: vier Euro einundsechzig, vier einundsechzig4,49 €: vier Euro neunundvierzig, vier neunundvierzig2,46 €: zwei Euro sechsundvierzig, zwei sechsundvierzig2. Kilo: ein Kilo zweihundert Gramm0,5 Kilo: ein Pfund, 500 Gramm0,25 Kilo: 250 GrammWörterÜ1103, 70 000, 12 000 000, 867, 583 000, 1980, 74 011hundertneununddreißig,viertausendsiebenhundertzweiundzwanzig,sechstausendsechshundertfünfundfunfzig,dreihunderttausendsechshundertfünfundvierzig, hundertdreiundzwanzigtausendvierhundertsechsundfünfzig,acht MillionenGrammatikÜ3musst, möchte, muss muss, möchtest, möchtemuss, möchte, möchte musstÜ7a.Welchesb. Welchenc. Welche, Died. Welche, Diee. Welcherf. Welche, Dieg. Welche, Diese h. Welchen, Den i. Welche, DieÜ8a.Nein, der Arzt hat morgen Nachmittag keine Zeit.b.Nein, das sind keine L ehrbücher.c.Nein, die Schüler haben heute keine Hausaufgaben.d.Nein, ich brauche keine Pinsel.e.Nein, wir möchten heute kein Schachspiel kaufen.f.Nein, wir machen jetzt keine Pause.g.Nein, es gibt hier oben keine Fahrrad.h.Nein, Gu Hong hat kein Fahrrad.i.Nein, i ch brauche für die Reise keinen Pollover.Ü10a.Doch, aber nicht gleich.b.Doch, aber nicht oft.c.Doch, aber nicht in den Supermarkt.d.Doch, aber nicht täglich.e.Doch, aber am Vormittag.f.Doch, aber nicht hier.g.Doch, aber nicht mit dem Fahrrad.Ü11Ja, Nein, Doch, Doch, Nein, Ja, DochLektion 6TexteÜ2Medizin, Mensa, Hunger, Frühstück, nicht, Tasse Kaffee, Mittagessen, AbendessenWörterÜ1Ü5Obst: Apfel, Tomate, OrangeGemüse: Bohne Kartoffel, SpinatFrühstück: Brötchen, Butter, Ei, Marmelade, KuchenGerichte: Eintopf, Suppe, Schweinebraten, Filet, HühnerbrüheGetränke: Bier, Kaffee, MineralwasserGrammatikÜ41 a. möchte b. möchte c. möchte, will/möchte d. Mögt e. mag2 a. will b. kann önnen ögen, mögen , kann, muss , mächte/will öchten öchte, KönnenÜ6a.Ja, ich brauche ihn morgen.b.Ja, ich mache sie am Abend.c.Ja, wir wiederholen ihn am Wochenende.d.Ja, ich kaufe es am Nachmittag für ihn.e.Ja, ich lese sie immer erst abends.f.Ja, ich kaufe sie im Supermarkt.g.Ja, wir brauchen sie am Mittwoch.RegelnV1 V2 V1 V2 V1 V2 V1 V2Ü101a.Ich will heute nicht mehr fernsehen.b.Ich wi ll heute die Bücher nicht mehr abholen.c.Wir wollen heute nicht mehr zurückkommen.d.Ich will heute nicht mehr mit der Arbeit anfangen.e.Peter will heute nicht mehr weggehen.2a.Kommt Yang Fang nicht am Wochenende zurückb.Geht das Fußballspiel nicht gegen fünf U hr losc.Kaufen wir nicht nach der Arbeit eind.Fängt der Film nicht ( um) halb acht ane.Holen wir die Fahrkarten nicht ( am ) Donnerstagnachmittag abf.Fährt der Zug nach München nicht schon sehr früh abden wir Familie Bode nicht am Sonntagabend einLektion 7TexteÜ4ihm, ihnen, ihm, ihnen, ihr, ihr, ihr, mir, Ihm, ihnen Ü11ihrem, ihm, X, ihren, derdeinen, mir, der, meinem, X, dir, mir, Mirdir, dir, dir, mirWörterÜ1A-3 B-2 C-5 D-6 E-1 F-4Ü2a.Ist Thomas eigentlich nettb.Gehst du eigentlich gern in Ausstellungenc.Kennst du eingentlich seine Freundind.Wohin fahrt ihr eigentlich im Urlaube.Spielt sie eigentlich gut Klavierf.Chattest du eigentlich oftg.Surfst du eigentlich im Interneth.Welches Computerspiel ist eigentlich intelligentÜ7Waagerecht:1 Brüder 5 Stühle 6 tut 8 sagtSenkrecht:1 Bett2 Übst3 ruhig4 euer 7 umGrammatikÜ11 dir Mir Ihr ihm2 euch mir/uns ihnenÜ4a.helfenb.geht, besuchenc.fehlt, geht, tutd.gratulieren, anrufene.gefällt, gefällt, fehlt, fehlen, schmecktÜ5ÄrztenSekretariatenSekretärinnen den Sekretärinnen Hände den HändenSpielplätzenBäume BäumenAutos den AutosÜ8bringen+S+A+(D) empfehlen+S+A+(D) erklären+S+A+(D) erzählen+S+A+(D) geben+S+A+D kaufen+S+A+(D)schenken+S+A+Dwünschen+S+A+Dzeigen+S+A+(D)Ü10a.Gib ihnen dein Mail-Adresse bitte!b.Könnt ihr mir etwas empfehlenc.Kauf sie mir doch zum Geburtstag!d.Willst du nicht noch etwas essene.Bitte empfiehl mir doch eine!f.Hilf mir bitte mal beim Suchen!。
sip标准检验指导书
SIP Standard Inspection Guide一、概述1.1 SIP（Session Initiation Protocol）是一种应用层协议，用于建立、维护和终止多种类型的会话，包括实时音频、视频和文本会话。
1.2 SIP标准检验指导书旨在提供一个可行的检验框架，以确保SIP系统的正确性和可靠性。
二、检验内容2.1 SIP系统的功能检验2.1.1 检查SIP系统是否支持基本的SIP功能，包括但不限于：（1）呼叫建立、维护和终止；（2）消息传递；（3）认证和安全；（4）状态报告；（5）路由和转发；（6）负载均衡；（7）负载控制；（8）网络管理；（9）网络监控；（10）网络调度；（11）网络优化；（12）网络计费；（13）网络安全；（14）网络维护。
2.1.2 检查SIP系统是否支持高级功能，包括但不限于：（1）视频会议；（2）多媒体会议；（3）跨网络会议；（4）跨网络调度；（5）跨网络优化；（6）跨网络安全；（7）跨网络维护；（8）跨网络计费；（9）跨网络监控；（10）跨网络管理。
2.2 SIP系统的性能检验2.2.1 检查SIP系统的延迟、丢包率、吞吐量等性能指标，以确保系统的可靠性和稳定性。
2.2.2 检查SIP系统的可扩展性，以确保系统能够应对不断增长的用户数量和流量。
2.2.3 检查SIP系统的容错性，以确保系统能够在发生故障时继续正常运行。
三、检验方法3.1 功能检验3.1.1 对SIP系统进行功能检验时，应采用黑盒测试方法，以确保系统的正确性和可靠性。
3.1.2 对SIP系统进行功能检验时，应采用白盒测试方法，以确保系统的可扩展性和容错性。
3.2 性能检验3.2.1 对SIP系统进行性能检验时，应采用压力测试方法，以确保系统的可靠性和稳定性。
3.2.2 对SIP系统进行性能检验时，应采用负载测试方法，以确保系统的可扩展性和容错性。
四、检验结果4.1 检验结果应包括但不限于：（1）SIP系统的功能检验结果；（2）SIP系统的性能检验结果；（3）SIP系统的可扩展性和容错性检验结果；（4）SIP系统的可靠性和稳定性检验结果。
动物叫声英语
kurr kvak tö ö t
rou rou coin coin
guru guru quack quack toerroe pa-pa-pa quakquak
Frog
kvæ k-kv æk
kwak kwak
kvaak
croa croa
quaak quaak
quakquak
Frog
kvæ k-kv æk
kwak kwak
kvaak
croa croa
quaak quaak
quakquak
Goat bleating Goose cackling Horse neighing Horse shudderin g Horse whinnying Horse (hoof sound) Lion roaring Moose Mouse squeeking Owl hooting Ox lowing
Rooster (cock) crowing Chick (baby chicken) Cow lowing Cow/Bull (angry) snorting Crane Crocodile (biting) Crow cawing
kykyliky
cock-akukeleku doodledoo
kukko kiekuu
kakukk
cucú
tokkyokyokakyoku (baby cuckoo)
ku-ku
cu-cu
ko-ko
iha iha/ iá -iá ioh ioh arf arf/ vau vau bau bau vau vau bau bau wan wan gav-gav hav-hav/ vau vau bau bau wan wan gav-gav gnam gari gari chac guf guf hov hov bow bow kian kian gav-gav hav-hav/ gua vov-vov/ guav voff hauv hauv ia-ia hav-hav/ ji-jo guau/ bjä bb-bjä hev hev bb a-iiii a-iiii
SIP协议介绍
Redirect Registration Server Server Proxy Server UAC Proxy Server UAS
SIP Message Format
Based on HTTP (Web), Similar text-based structure Request/Response Message Definition :
Present:
RFC 2543 has been obsoleted by RFC 3261. Proposals for at least 5 new methods and 100s of new header fields
Future:
Solving SIP’s real-world implementation problems Developing complete services offering Deliver on promise of converged media and data services
3
What is SIP ?
SIP (Session Initialization Protocol )
Signaling Protocol:
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an emerging telephony and multi-media application-layer control protocol for creating,modifying, and terminating sessions with one or more participants.
2) H.323 used in VoIP network is too complex , no security support, no multipoint signaling , not suitable for develop web service.
中国电信SIP规范第一部分_总体要求
中国电信SIP协议规范——总体要求（试行）2004年4月发布 2004年4月试行中国电信集团公司发布前言SIP协议是下一代网络中的接口协议之一，属于应用控制协议。
本标准是以IETF和ITU-T的相关标准为基础，结合中国电信网络的实际情况，并综合中国电信集团公司对下一代网络的实验成果制定的。
它是中国电信在下一代网络建设中引进、测试和研发软交换设备、SIP终端设备以及其他基于SIP协议相关设备的规范和依据。
鉴于SIP协议应用范围广泛，项目组在编写时将整个协议规范分为3个分册：第一分册：《总体要求》第二分册：《协议细则》第三分册：《信令流程》本分册为《总体要求》分册本标准由中国电信集团公司提出。
本标准由中国电信集团公司归口。
本标准2004年4月首次发布。
本标准由中国电信集团公司负责解释。
目录1范围 (1)2术语说明 (1)3参考标准 (2)4符号及缩写 (5)5SIP网络系统结构 (6)5.1 系统框架 (6)5.2 实体说明 (7)5.3 接口说明 (7)5.3.1 NNI接口 (7)5.3.2 UNI接口 (8)5.3.3 其它接口 (8)6实体能力要求 (8)6.1 用户终端（User Terminal UA） (8)6.1.1 协议支持 (9)6.2 代理服务器（Proxy） (10)6.2.1 协议支持 (10)6.2.2 路由 (11)6.2.3 安全性 (12)6.3 注册服务器（Registrar） (13)6.3.1 协议支持 (13)6.3.2 功能要求 (13)6.3.3 注册及更新 (13)6.3.4 注销 (14)6.3.5 其他要求 (14)6.4 重定向服务器（Redirect Server） (14)6.5 SIP-ISUP互通单元 (15)7SIP网络与PSTN的互通 (15)7.1 网络互通模型 (15)7.1.1 PSTN用户-SIP用户 (16)7.1.2 SIP用户-PSTN用户 (17)7.1.3 PSTN用户-SIP网络-PSTN用户 (18)7.2 SIP-ISUP互通单元能力要求 (21)8业务和应用 (21)8.1 B2BUA (21)8.1.1 定义及实现 (21)8.1.2 呼叫和业务控制 (22)8.2 即时消息 (23)8.2.1 业务体系 (23)8.2.2 协议支持 (23)8.3 Presence (23)8.3.1 业务体系 (23)8.3.2 协议支持 (25)8.3.3 与其他业务相结合 (26)8.4 并行、串行寻址 (26)8.4.1 串行寻址： (26)8.4.2 并行寻址 (27)8.5 SIP用户的呼叫等待业务 (27)8.6 应用服务器和软交换之间的SIP接口 (28)8.7 SIP协议在业务控制方面的应用 (28)8.8 跨域智能业务的考虑 (28)8.9 软交换控制下的IAD用户对局间信令的要求 (29)8.10 语音提示音的播放 (29)8.11 媒体端口打开与计费点启动的考虑 (30)图表目录图 5-1 SIP网络系统逻辑结构示意 (7)图 7-1 PSTN用户-SIP用户 (16)图 7-2 SIP用户-PSTN用户 (17)图 7-3 PSTN用户-SIP网络-PSTN用户 (18)图 8-1基于SIP 的Presence 业务体系 (23)1范围本分册主要对SIP网络系统结构做出规定，对其中涉及到的接口以及相关实体的功能作出简要说明和要求。
SIP基础培训精品文档
头域定义二
Via
用来描述请求当前经历的路径的，并且标志了应答所应当经过的路径。请求每经过一次转发， 都会将本次转发实体的地址记录到via头域中，应答每经过一次转发，都会将本转发实体的地址 从via头域中删除，并且Via头域的branch ID参数提供了事务的标志，并且用于proxy来检查循环 路由
典型的STATUS-CODE
100:正在尝试-和Q.931 CALL PROCEEDING 类似,可能会被代理服务器、或者呼叫信令路径上 的其他中间SIP服务器返回
180:正在振铃-和Q.931 ALERTING类似。表示虚拟或者真实的电话正在振铃 200: 请求成功执行(OK) 300:在对请求中的地址进行解析时出现多个选择。它们会被返回,呼叫者可以从列表中挑出一个
SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) 基础培训
Jade 2016/11
目录
概述 SIP消息 SIP流程 RTP协议 DTMF
SIP
会话启动协议SIP（Session Initiation Protocol）是一个在IP网 络上进行多媒体通信的应用层控制协议，它被用来创建、修改、 和终结一个或多个参加者参加的会话进程。
SIP参考标准 – RFC 2327 Session Description Protocol – RFC 3264 Offer Answer Model with SDP
SIP 应用组网
Storage Server
PARLAY API
TCP/IP
TCP/IP Internet
WMC
System-in-Package (SiP) & Passive Integration
Copyright © TWI Ltd 2009
SiP benefits
• System-in-Package (SiP)
Smaller form factor Flexibility Faster time-to-market Lower NRE Mixing of technologies Higher performance – signal propagation – power dissipation – noise & EMC performance High added value IPR protection
"System-in-Package (SiP) & Passive Integration"
David Pedder, TWI Ltd
Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL
The Active World of Passive Components September 9th 2009 Jesus College, Cambridge
World Centre for Materials Joining Technology
Copyright © TWI Ltd 2009
Integrated passives benefits
Improved performance Reduced size & weight (2 to 10 fold) Higher functional density Reduced mounted component count Reduced costs per function Reduced wiring demand Greater SMT throughput Improved reliability & EMC emissions Continuous component values Lead-free technology High added value & IPR protection
英语口译词汇(世上最全)25
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auricularis 521 褐头凤鹛Yuhina brunneiceps522 红嘴鸦雀Conostoma aemodium 523 三趾鸦雀Paradoxornis paradoxus 524 褐鸦雀Paradoxornis unicolor525 斑胸鸦雀Paradoxornis flavirostris 526 点胸鸦雀Paradoxornis guttaticollis527 白眶鸦雀Paradoxornis conspicillatus 528 棕翅缘鸦雀Paradoxornis webbianus 529 褐翅缘鸦雀Paradoxornis brunneus 530 暗色鸦雀Paradoxornis zappeyi531 灰冠鸦雀Paradoxornis przewalskii532 黄额鸦雀Paradoxornis fulvifrons533 黑喉鸦雀Paradoxornis nipalensis534 短尾鸦雀Paradoxornis davidianus535 黑眉鸦雀Paradoxornis atrosuperciliaris 536 红头鸦雀Paradoxornis ruficeps537 灰头鸦雀Paradoxornis gularis538 震旦鸦雀Paradoxornis heudei 539 山鹛rhopophius rekinensis莺亚科Sylviinae540 鳞头树莺Cettia squameiceps541 巨嘴短翅莺Bradvpterus maior 542 斑背大尾莺Megalurus pryeri543 北蝗莺Locustella ochotensis544 矛斑蝗莺Locustella lanceolata 545 苍眉蝗莺Locustella fasciolata546 大苇莺Acrocephalus arundinaceus 547 黑眉苇莺Acrocephalus bisirigiceps548 细纹苇莺Acrocephalus sorghophilus 549 叽咋柳莺Phylloscopus collybita550 东方叽咋柳莺Phylloscopus sindianus 551 林柳莺Phylloscopus sibilatrix552 黄腹柳莺Phylloscopus affinis553 棕腹柳莺Phylloscopus subaffinis 554 灰柳莺Phylloscopus griseolus555 褐柳莺Phylloscopus fusatus556 烟柳莺Phylloscopus fuligiventer557 棕眉柳莺Phylloscopus armandii558 巨嘴柳莺Phylloscopus schwarzi559 橙斑翅柳莺Phylloscopus pulcher560 黄眉柳莺Phylloscopus inornatus561 黄腰柳莺Phylloscopus proregulus562 甘肃柳莺Phylloscopus gansunensis 563 四川柳莺Phylloscopus sichuanensis 564 灰喉柳莺Phylloscopus maculipennis 565 极北柳莺Phylloscopus borealis566 乌嘴柳莺Phylloscopus magnirostris 567 暗绿柳莺Phylloscopus trochiloides568 双斑绿柳莺Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus 569 灰脚柳莺Phylloscopus tenellipes570 冕柳莺Phylloscopus coronatus 571 冠纹柳莺Phylloscopus reguloides 572 峨嵋柳莺Phylloscopus emeiansis 573 海南柳莺Phylloscopus hainanus 574 白斑尾柳莺Phylloscopus davisoni 575 黑眉柳莺Phylloscopus ricketti 576 戴菊regulus regulus577 台湾戴菊regulus goodfellowi 578 宽嘴鹟莺Tickellia hodgsoni579 凤头雀莺Leptopoecile elegans鹟亚科Muscicapinae580 白喉林鹟rhinomyias brunneata581 白眉（姬）鹟Ficedula zanthopygia 582 黄眉（姬）鹟Ficedula narcissina583 鸲（姬）鹟Ficedula mugimaki584 红喉（姬）鹟Ficedula parva585 棕腹大仙鹟Niltava davidi586 乌鹟Muscicapa sibirica587 灰纹鹟Muscicapa griseisticta588 北灰鹟Muscicapa latirostris589 褐胸鹟Muscicapa muttui590 寿带（鸟）Terpsiphone paradisi591 紫寿带（鸟）Terpsiphone atrocaudata山雀科Paridae592 大山雀parus major593 西域山雀Parus bokharensis 594 绿背山雀Parus monticolus 595 台湾黄山雀Parus holsti 596 黄颊山雀Parus spilonotus 597 黄腹山雀Parus venustulus 598 灰蓝山雀Parus cyanus599 煤山雀Parus ater600 黑冠山雀Parus rubidiventris 601 褐冠山雀parus dichrous602 沼泽山雀Parus palustris603 褐头山雀Parus montanus604 白眉山雀Parus superciliosus605 红腹山雀Parus davidi606 杂色山雀Parus varius607 黄眉林雀Sylviparus modestus608 冕雀Melanochlora sultanea609 银喉（长尾）山雀Aegithalos caudatus 610 红头（长尾）山雀Aegithalos concinnus 611 黑眉（长尾）山雀Aegithalos iouschistos 612 银脸（长尾）山雀Aegithalos fuliginosus鳾科Sittidae613 淡紫鳾Sitta solangiae614 巨鳾Sitta magna615 丽鳾Sitta formosa616 滇鳾Sitta yunnanensis攀雀科remizidae617 攀雀remiz pendulinus太阳鸟科Nectariniidae618 黄颊直嘴太阳鸟Anthreptes singalensis 619 黄腹花蜜鸟Nectarinia jugularis620 紫色蜜鸟Nectarinia asiatica621 蓝枕花蜜鸟Nectarinia hypogrammica 622 黑胸太阳鸟Aethopyga saturata623 黄腰太阳鸟Aethopyga siparaja624 火尾太阳鸟Aethopyga ignicauda625 蓝喉太阳鸟Aethopyga gouldiae626 绿喉太阳鸟Aethopyga nipalensis627 叉尾太阳鸟Aethopyga christinae628 长嘴捕蛛鸟Arachnothera longirosttris 629 纹背捕蛛鸟Arachnothera magna绣眼鸟科Zosteropidae630 暗绿绣眼鸟Zosterops japonica631 红胁绣眼鸟Zosterops erythropleura 632 灰腹绣眼鸟Zosterops palpebrosa文鸟科Ploceidae633 （树）麻雀Passer montanus 634 山麻雀Passer rutilans635 （红）梅花雀Estrida amandava 636 栗腹文鸟Lonchura malacca雀科Fringillidae637 燕雀Fringilla montifringilla638 金翅（雀）Carduelis sinica639 黄雀Carduelis spinus640 白腰朱顶雀Carduelis flammea 641 极北朱顶雀Cardurlis hornemanni 642 黄嘴朱顶雀Carduelis flavirostris643 赤胸朱顶雀Carduelis cannabina 644 桂红头岭雀Leucosticte sillemi645 粉红腹岭雀Leucosticte arctoa646 大朱雀Carpodacus rubicilla647 拟大朱雀Carpodocus rubicilodies 648 红胸朱雀Capodacus puniceus649 暗胸朱雀Carpodacus nipalensis 650 赤朱雀Carpodacus rubescens651 沙色朱雀Carpodacus synoicus652 红腰朱雀Carpodacus rhodochlamys 653 点翅朱雀Carpodacus rhodopeplus655 棕朱雀Carpodacus vinaceus656 玫红眉朱雀Carpodacus rhodochrous 657 红眉朱雀Carpodacus pulcherrimus 658 曙红朱雀Carpodacus eos659 白眉朱雀Carpodacus thura660 普通朱雀Carpodacus erythrinus661 北朱雀Carpodacus roseus662 斑翅朱雀Carpodacus trifasciatus 663 藏雀Kozlowia roborowskii664 松雀Pinicola enucieator665 红交嘴雀Loxia curvirostra666 白翅交嘴雀Loxia leucoptera667 长尾雀Uragus sibiricus668 血雀Haematospiza sipahi669 金枕黑雀Pyrrhoplectes epauletta 670 褐灰雀Pyrrhula nipalensis671 灰头灰雀Pyrrhala erythaca672 红头灰雀Pyrrhula erythrocephala 673 灰腹灰雀Pyrrhula griseiventris 674 红腹灰雀Pyrrhula pyrrhula675 黑头蜡嘴雀Eophona personata 676 黑尾蜡嘴雀Eophona migratoria677 锡嘴雀Coccothraustes coccothraustes 678 朱鹀Urocynchramus pylzowi679 黍鹀Emberiza calandra680 白头鹀Emberiza leucocephala681 黑头鹀Emberiza melanocephala682 褐头鹀Emberiza bruniceps683 栗鹀Emberiza rutila684 黄胸鹀Emberiza aureola685 黄喉鹀Emberiza elegans686 黄鹀Emberiza citrinella687 灰头鹀Emberiza spodocephala688 硫黄鹀Emberiza sulphurata 689 圃鹀Emberiza hortulana690 灰颈鹀Emberiza buchanani 691 灰眉岩鹀Emberiza cia692 三道眉草鹀Emberiza cioides 693 栗斑腹鹀Emberiza jankowskii 694 栗耳鹀Emberiza fucata695 田鹀Emberiza rustica696 小鹀Emberiza pusilla697 黄眉鹀emberiza chrysophrys 698 灰鹀Emberiza Variabilis699 白眉鹀Emberiza Tristrami 700 藏鹀Emberiza Koslowi701 红颈苇鹀Emberiza yessoensis 702 苇鹀Emberiza pallasi703 芦鹀Emberiza schoeniclus 704 蓝鹀Latoucheornis siemsseni 705 凤头鹀Melophus lathami 706 铁爪鹀Calcarius lapponicus 707 雪鹀Plectrophenax nivalis两栖纲Amphibia 3目10科291种无足目Apoda or gymnophiona鱼螈科Ichthyophidae1 版纳鱼螈Ichthophis bannanica有尾目Caudata （urodela）小鲵科Hynobiidae2 无斑山溪鲵Batrachuperus karlschmidti3 龙洞山溪鲵Batrachuperus londongensis4 山溪鲵Batrachuperus pinchonii5 北方山溪鲵Batrachuperus tibetanus6 盐源山溪鲵Batrachuperus yanyuanensis7 安吉小鲵Hynobius amjiensis8 中国小鲵Hynobius chinensis9 台湾小鲵Hynobius formosanus10 东北小鲵Hynobius leechii11 满州小鲵Hynobius mantchuricus12 能高山小鲵Hynobius sonani13 巴鲵Liua shihi14 爪鲵Onychodactylus fischeri15 商城肥鲵Pachyhynobius shangchengensis16 新疆北鲵ranodon sibiricus17 秦巴北鲵ranodon tsinpaensis18 极北鲵Salamandrella keyserlingii蝾螈科Salamandridae19 呈贡蝾螈Cynops chenggongensis20 蓝尾蝾螈Cynops cyanurus21 东方蝾螈Cynops orientalis22 潮汕蝾螈Cynops orphicus23 滇池蝾螈Cynops wolterstorffi24 琉球棘螈Echinotriton andersoni25 黑斑肥螈Pachytriton brevipes26 无斑肥螈Pachytriton labiatus27 尾斑瘰螈Paramesotriton caudopunctatus28 中国瘰螈Paramesotriton chinesis29 富钟瘰螈Paramesotriton fuzhongensis30 广西瘰螈Paramesotriton guangziensis31 香港瘰螈Paramesotriton hongkongensis32 棕黑疠螈Paramesotriton verrucosus无尾目Salientia（anura）铃蟾科Bombinidae33 强婚刺铃蟾Bombina fortinuptialis34 大蹼铃蟾Bombina maxima35 微蹼铃蟾Bombina microdeladigitora36 东方铃蟾bombina orientalis角蟾科Megophryidae37 沙坪无耳蟾Atympanophrys shapingensis38 宽头短腿蟾Brachytarsophrys carinensis39 缅北短腿蟾Brachytarsophrys feae40 平顶短腿蟾Brachytarsophrys platyparistus41 沙巴拟髭蟾Leptobrachium chapaense42 东南亚拟髭蟾Leptobrachium basseltii43 高山掌突蟾Leptolalax alpinus44 峨山掌突蟾Leptolalax oshanensis45 掌突蟾Leptolalax pelodytoides46 腹斑掌突蟾Leptolalax ventripunctatus47 沙肩角蟾Megophrys boettgeri48 短肢角蟾Megophrys brachykolos49 尾突角蟾Megophrys caudoprocta50 大围山角蟾Megophrys daweimontis51 大花角蟾Megophrys giganticus52 腺角蟾Megophrys glandulosa53 肯氏角蟾Megophrys kempii54 挂墩角蟾Megophrys kuatunensis55 白鸽大角蟾Megophrys lateralis56 莽山角蟾Megophrys mangshanensis57 小角蟾Megophrys minor58 南江角蟾Megophrys nankiangensis59 峨眉角蟾Megophrys omeimontis60 突肛角蟾Megophrys pachyproctus61 粗皮角蟾Megophrys palpebralespinosa62 凹项角蟾Megophrys parva63 棘指角蟾Megophrys spinatus64 小口拟角蟾Ophryophryne microstoma65 突肛拟角蟾Ophryophryne pachyproctus66 川北齿蟾Oreolalax chuanbeiensis67 棘疣齿蟾Oreolalax granulosus68 景东齿蟾Oreolalax jingdongensis69 利川齿蟾Oreolalax lichuanensis70 大齿蟾Oreolalax major71 密点齿蟾Oreolalax multipunctatus72 峨眉齿蟾Oreolalax omeimontis73 秉志齿蟾Oreolalax pingli74 宝兴齿蟾Oreolalax popei75 红点齿蟾Oreolalax rhodostigmatus76 疣刺齿蟾Oreolalax rugosus77 无蹼齿蟾Oreolalax schrmidti78 乡城齿蟾Oreolalax xiangchengensis79 高山齿突蟾Scutiger alticola80 西藏齿突蟾Scutiger boulengeri81 金项齿突蟾Scutiger chintingensis82 胸腺齿突蟾Scutiger glandulatus83 贡山齿突蟾Scutiger gongshanensis84 六盘齿突蟾Scutiger liupanensis85 花齿突蟾Scutiger maculatus86 刺胸齿突蟾Scutiger mammatus87 宁陕齿突蟾Scutiger ningshanensis88 林芝齿突蟾Scutiger nyingchiensis89 平武齿突蟾Scutiger pingwuensis90 皱皮齿突蟾Scutiger sikimmensis91 锡金齿突蟾Scutiger sikkimensis92 圆疣齿突蟾Scutiger tuberculatus93 巍氏齿突蟾Scutiger weigoldi94 哀牢髭蟾Vibrissaphora ailaonica95 峨眉髭蟾Vibrissaphora boringli96 雷山髭蟾Vibrissaphora leishanensis97 刘氏髭蟾Vibrissaphora liui蟾蜍科Bufonidae98 哀牢蟾蜍Bufo ailaoanus99 华西蟾蜍Bufo andrewsi100 盘谷蟾蜍Bufo bankorensis101 隐耳蟾蜍Bufo cryptotympanicus 102 头盔蟾蜍Bufo galeatus103 中华蟾蜍Bufo gargarizans104 喜山蟾蜍Bufo himalayanus105 沙湾蟾蜍Bufo kabischi106 黑眶蟾蜍Bufo melanostictus 107 岷山蟾蜍Bufo minshanicus108 新疆蟾蜍Bufo nouettei109 花背蟾蜍Bufo raddei110 史氏蟾蜍Bufo stejnegeri111 西藏蟾蜍Bufo tibetanus112 圆疣蟾蜍Bufo tuberculatus113 绿蟾蜍Bufo viridis114 卧龙蟾蜍Bufo wolongensis115 鳞皮厚蹼蟾Pelophryne scalpta 116 无刺溪蟾Torrentophryne aspinia117 疣棘溪蟾Torrentophryne tuberospinia树蟾科Hylidae118 华西树蟾Hyla annectans annectans 119 中国树蟾Hyla chinensis120 贡山树蟾Hyla gongshanensis121 日本树蟾Hyla japonica122 三港树蟾Hyla sanchiangensis123 华南树蟾Hyla simplex124 秦岭树蟾Hyla tsinlingensis125 昭平树蟾Hyla zhaopingensis姬蛙科Microhylidae126 云南小狭口蛙Calluella yunnanensis127 花细狭口蛙Kalophrynus interlineatus 128 孟连细狭口蛙Kalophrynus menglienicus 129 北方狭口蛙Kaloula borealis130 花狭口蛙Kaloula pulchra131 四川狭口蛙Kaloula rugifera132 多疣狭口蛙Kaloula verrucosa133 大姬蛙Microhyla berdmorei134 粗皮姬娃Microhyla butleri135 小弧斑姬娃Mirohyla Heymonsi136 合征姬娃Microhyla mixtura137 饰纹姬娃Microhyla ornata138 花姬娃Microhyla pulchra139 德力娟娃Micryletta inornata140 台湾娟娃Microhyla steinegeri蛙科ranidae141 西域湍蛙Amolops afghanus142 崇安湍蛙Amolops chunganensis 143 棘皮湍蛙Amolops granulosus 144 海南湍蛙Amolops hainanensis 145 香港湍蛙Amolops hongkongensis 146 康定湍蛙Amolops kangtingensis 147 凉山湍蛙Amolops liangshanensis148 理县湍蛙Amolops lifanensis149 棕点湍蛙Amolops loloensis150 突吻湍蛙Amolops macrorhynchu 151 四川湍蛙Amolops mantzorum 152 勐养湍蛙Amolops mengyangensis 153 山湍蛙Amolops monticola154 华南湍蛙Amolops ricketti155 小湍蛙Amolops torrentis156 绿点湍蛙Amolops viridimaculatus 157 武夷湍蛙Amolops wuyiensis158 北小岩蛙Micrixalus borealis159 刘氏小岩蛙Micrixalus liui160 网纹小岩蛙Micrixalus reticulatus 161 西藏小岩蛙Micrixalus xizangensis 162 高山倭蛙Nanorana parkeri163 倭蛙Nanorana pleskei164 腹斑倭蛙Nanorana ventripunctata 165 尖舌浮蛙Occidozyga lima166 圆舌浮蛙Occidozyga martensii 167 缅北刺蛙Paa arnoldi168 大吉岭刺蛙Paa blanfordii169 刺腹蛙Paa boulengeri170 错那刺蛙Paa conaensis 171 小刺蛙Paa exilispinosa 172 眼斑刺蛙paa feae173 九龙刺蛙Paa jiulongensis 174 刺臂蛙Paa liebigii175 刘氏刺蛙Paa liui176 花刺蛙Paa maculosa177 尼泊尔刺蛙Paa polunini 178 合江刺蛙Paa robertingeri 179 侧刺蛙Paa shini180 棘胸蛙Paa Spinosa181 双团刺胸蛙Paa yunnanensis 182 弹琴蛙Pana adenopleura 183 阿尔泰林蛙Pana altaica184 黑龙江林蛙rana amurensis 185 云南臭蛙rana andersonli 186 安龙臭蛙rana anlungensis 187 中亚林蛙rana asiatica188 版纳林蛙rana bananica189 海蛙rana cancrivora190 昭觉林蛙rana chaochiaoensis 191 中国林蛙rana chensinensis192 峰斑蛙rana chevronta193 仙姑弹琴蛙rana daunchina 194 海参威蛙rana dybowskii 195 脆皮蛙rana fragilis196 叶邦蛙rana gerbillus197 无指盘臭蛙rana grahami 198 沼蛙rana guentheri199 合江臭蛙rana bejiangensis 200 桓仁林蛙rana huanrenensis 201 日本林蛙rana japonica202 光务臭蛙rana kuangwuensis203 大头蛙rana kuhlii204 昆仑林蛙rana kunyuensis 205 阔褶蛙rana latouchii206 泽蛙rana limnocharis207 江城蛙（暂名）rana lini208 大绿蛙rana livida209 长肢蛙rana longicrus210 龙胜臭蛙rana lungshengensis 211 长趾蛙rana macrodactyla 212 绿臭蛙rana margaretae213 小山蛙rana minima214 多齿蛙（暂名）rana multidenticulata 215 黑斜线蛙rana nigrolineata216 黑斑蛙rana nigromaculata217 黑耳蛙rana nigrotympanica218 黑带蛙rana nigrovittata219 金线蛙rana plancyi220 滇蛙rana pleuraden221 八重山弹琴蛙rana psaltes222 隆肛蛙rana quadranus223 湖蛙rana ridibunda224 粗皮蛙rana rugosa225 库利昂蛙rana sanguinea 226 桑植蛙rana sangzhiensis 227 梭德氏蛙rana sauteri228 花臭蛙rana schmackeri 229 胫腺蛙rana shuchinae230 细刺蛙rana spinulosa231 棕背蛙rana swinhoana 232 台北蛙rana taipehensis 233 腾格里蛙rana tenggerensis 234 滇南臭蛙rana tiannanensis 235 天台蛙rana tientaiensis236 凹耳蛙rana tormotus237 棘肛蛙rana unculuanus238 竹叶蛙rana versabilis239 威宁蛙rana weiningensis240 雾川臭蛙rana wuchuanensis 241 明全蛙rana zhengi树蛙科rhacophoridae242 日本溪树蛙Buergeria japonica 243 海南溪树蛙Buergeria oxycephala 244 壮溪树蛙Buergeria robusta245 背条跳树蛙Chirixalus doriae 246 琉球跳树蛙Chirixalus eiffingeri247 面天跳树蛙Chirixalus idiootocus 248 侧条跳树蛙Chirixalus vittatus249 白斑小树蛙Philautus albopunctatus 250 安氏小树蛙Philautus andersoni251 锯腿小树蛙Philautus cavirostris252 黑眼脸小树蛙Philautus gracilipes 253 金秀小树蛙Philautus jinxiuensis254 陇川小树蛙Philautus longchuanensis 255 墨脱小树蛙Philautus medogensis 256 勐腊小树蛙Philautus menglaensis 257 眼斑小树蛙Philautus ocellatus258 白颊小树蛙Philautus palpebralis259 红吸盘小树蛙Philautus rhododiscus 260 香港小树蛙Philautus romeri261 经甫泛树蛙Polypedates chenfui262 大泛树蛙Polypedates dennysi263 杜氏泛树蛙Polypedates dugritei264 棕褶泛树蛙Polypedates feae265 洪佛泛树蛙Polypedates hungfuensis 266 斑腿泛树蛙Polypedates megacephalus 267 无声囊泛树蛙Polypedates mutus268 黑点泛树蛙Polypedates nigropunctatus269 峨眉泛树蛙Polypedates omeimontis 270 屏边泛树蛙Polypedates pingbianensis 271 普洱泛树蛙Polypedates puerensis 272 昭觉泛树蛙Polypedates zhaojuensis 273 民雄树蛙rhacophorus arvalis274 橙腹树蛙rhacophorus aurantiventris 275 双斑树蛙rhacophorus bipunctatus 276 贡山树蛙rhacophorus gongshanensis 277 大吉岭树蛙rhacophorus jerdonii278 白颌树蛙rhacophorus maximus279 莫氏树蛙rhacophorus moltrechti280 伊伽树蛙rhacophorus naso281 翡翠树蛙rhacophorus prasinatus282 黑蹼树蛙rhacophorus reinwardtii283 红蹼树蛙rhacophorus rhodopus284 台北树蛙rhacophorus taipeianus285 横纹树蛙rhacophorus translineatus 286 疣腿树蛙rhacophorus tuberculatus 287 疣足树蛙rhacophorus verrucopus288 瑶山树蛙rhacophorus yaoshanensis 289 马来疣斑树蛙Theloderma asperum 290 广西疣斑树蛙Theloderma kwangsiensis291 西藏疣斑树蛙Theloderma moloch 爬行纲reptilia 3目20科395种龟鳖目Testudines平胸龟科Platysternidae1 平胸龟Platysternon megacephalum淡水龟科Ataguridae2 大头乌龟Chinemys megalocephala3 黑颈水龟Chinemys nigricans4 乌龟Chinemys reevesii5 黄缘盒龟Cistoclemmys flavomarginata6 黄额盒龟Cistoclemmys galbinifron7 金头闭壳龟Cuora aurocapitata8 百色闭壳龟Cuora mccordi9 潘氏闭壳龟Cuora pani10 琼崖闭壳龟Cuora serrata11 周氏闭壳龟Cuora zhoui12 齿缘龟Cyclemys dentata13 艾氏拟水龟Mauremys iversoni14 黄喉拟水龟Mauremys mutica15 腊戍拟水龟Mauremys pritchardi16 缺颌花龟Ocadia glyphistoma17 菲氏花龟Ocadia philippeni18 中华花龟Ocadia sinensis。
TI MicroSiP
Technical White PaperManufacturing and Rework Design Guide for MicroSiP ™ Power ModulesChris Glaser Power Modules 1 IntroductionAs the marketplace continues to demand size reductions in electronic products, the need for smallerpackaging and smaller subsystem packaging becomes paramount. To address these rapidly evolving customer requirements, TI has developed MicroSiP™ power modules, an innovation in System-in-Package (SiP)technology to integrate both the IC and passive components into a single device.With this technology, TI reaches the smallest solution size and highest levels of integration. This enables aneasy-to-use power module for achieving the shortest time-to-market. As with any device package, attention must be given to the printed circuit board (PCB) layout, surface mount (SMT) assembly flow, and rework process. This white paper provides guidelines on each of these aspects, and these guidelines are achievable through normal manufacturing and rework flows.2 MicroSiP ™ PackageWithin the MicroSiP family, there are two variations: MicroSiP (µSiP) and MicroSiL (µSiL). MicroSiP devices contain both the power inductor and one or more capacitors and typically use ball grid array (BGA) pins.MicroSiL devices contain just the power inductor and typically use land grid array (LGA) pins. The pin typedifference creates different land pattern recommendations, but the SMT and rework guidelines remain the same for both packages. Figure 2-1 shows a typical MicroSiP with BGA pins, while Figure 2-2 shows a typical MicroSiLwith LGA pins.Figure 2-1. MicroSiP ™Package Integrates the Power Inductor and Two Capacitors and Uses BGA PinsFigure 2-2. MicroSiL Package Integrates the Power Inductor and Uses LGA Pins3 PCB Layout3.1 MicroSiP ™ With BGA PinsWhen designing the pads for MicroSiP devices with BGA pins, it is recommended that the layout use a non-solder mask defined (NSMD) pad. With this method, the solder mask opening is made larger than the desired land area, and the resulting copper size is defined solely by the size of the land pad of the device. Table 3-1 shows the appropriate pad design for MicroSiP™ devices with BGA pins. Specific recommendations are listed here and shown in Figure 3-1:•Circuit traces from the NSMD PCB pads should be 75-µm to 100-µm wide in the exposed area inside the solder mask opening. Wider trace widths reduce device standoff, which worsens board level reliability (BLR).•Best BLR results are achieved when the PCB laminate glass transition temperature is above the operating range of the application •Recommended solder paste is Type 3 or Type 4•For a PCB using a Ni/Au surface finish, the gold thickness should be less than 0.5 µm to avoid a reduction in thermal fatigue performance •Solder mask thickness should be less than 20 µm on top of the copper circuit pattern, to increase device standoff and improve BLR •Best solder stencil performance is achieved using laser cut stencils with electro-polishing. Use of chemicallyetched stencils gives inferior solder paste volume control.™Figure 3-1. Recommended Pad Design for MicroSiP ™ Devices With BGA PinsSee the device data sheet for specific recommendations.PCB Layout 3.2 MicroSiL With LGA PinsWhen designing the pads for the MicroSiL devices with LGA pins, SMD pads are usually recommended over NSMD pads. With a power module, some pins (such as VIN, VOUT, and GND) are typically connected to large copper planes to carry the current and heat away from the device. Such copper planes grow the pad size of a NSMD pad, which then thins the solder paste thickness. Using SMD pads keeps each pad the same size and avoids solder pulling the device during reflow. See the device data sheet for specific recommendations.4 Surface Mount AssemblySurface mounting of MicroSiP BGA and LGA packages is broadly similar to BGA and QFN package assembly, respectively. TI recommends the use of lead-free solder paste applied via a 0.1-mm thick stencil. The paste acts to aid wetting of the MicroSiP pin to the board land pad, to hold the device in place during reflow, and to contribute metal volume of the resultant solder joint. For the setup of a reflow profile, the JEDEC reflow profiles for near-eutectic SnAgCu solder alloys can be used as a starting point with soldering temperatures up to 250°C. The resulting solder joint height is typically around 120 µm. Figure 4-1 shows a cross-section of solder jointswhich attach three BGA pins to a four-layer PCB.Figure 4-1. Cross-Section of a MicroSiP ™ With BGA Pins on Top of a Four-Layer PCBAll MicroSiP devices passed BLR testing during their development. As an example, 8-pin MicroSiP devices with BGA pins were assembled after preconditioning with no underfill or adhesive used. Table 4-1 shows the BLR test results.™The surface mounting process of MicroSiP devices with LGA pins is similar to a QFN package assembly.Irregular surface plating, uneven solder paste thickness, and crowning of the solder plating can reduce overall surface mounting yields. Bare copper with an organic solderability preservative (OSP) coating, tin (Sn) plating or electro-less nickel immersion gold (ENIG) have been shown to provide an acceptable land pad surface.The advantages of plating over OSPs are better shelf life, permanent coverage of copper vias and other features not exposed to a solder process, and contamination resistance. Even with these differences, OSPs have shown PCB Layoutrobust performance in the industry. In summary, a controlled assembly process for soldering MicroSiP devices with LGA pins package relies on a flat, uniform PCB pad surface. Achieving a flat, uniform surface leads to a greater control of solder paste uniformity, resulting in an overall robust process. See the QFN and SON PCB Attachment application report for more details on soldering QFN packages.As explained in the QFN and SON PCB Attachment application report, all devices (including MicroSiPs) need to be placed carefully to avoid regions of extreme deflection, if the PCB will be subject to excessive bendingduring manufacturing. Excessive bending of the PCB can lead to package damage and should be avoided in theassembly flow.Figure 4-2. Avoid Excessive Bending5 Rework GuidelinesTI strongly recommends that the PCB with already-mounted SMT devices be baked prior to any rework so that absorbed moisture is removed. See J-STD-033 for more details. The rework process should be characterized such that the temperature of the MicroSiP device and the surrounding PCB area are controlled. Either an attached thermocouple or an infrared camera works well to determine a repeatable heating profile.Component removal process example:•Align nozzle over part to be removed •Maintain nozzle 1.27 mm over the package •Preheat board to 90°C, nozzle warming at 20% airflow, 125°C •Soak stage at 20% air flow, 225°C, 90 seconds •Ramp stage at 25% air flow, 335°C, 30 seconds •Reflow stage at 25% air flow, 370°C, 65 seconds •Enable vacuum, lower nozzle, remove inductor and capacitors from MicroSiP •Discard inductor and capacitors •Reposition nozzle, reheat at 25% air flow, 370°C, 20 seconds •Enable vacuum, lower nozzle, remove MicroSiP from PCB •Cool down stage at 40% air flow, 25°C, 50 seconds •Turn off vacuum and remove MicroSiP from nozzle •Avoid handling damage of the removed unit •Do not reuse or repair the removed unitComponent replacement process example:•Apply solder paste to board using a micro-stencil •Align MicroSiP over board land pads •Place MicroSiP on board. Care should be taken to prevent overtravel during placement which may damage the package or vacuum tip •Raise nozzle 1.27 mm •Preheat board to 90°C, nozzle warming at 20% air flow, 125°C •Soak stage at 20% air flow, 225°C, 90 seconds •Ramp stage at 25% air flow, 335°C, 30 seconds •Reflow stage at 25% air flow, 370°C, 65 seconds •Cool down stage at 40% air flow, 25°C, 50 seconds Rework Guidelines FAQs Air-Vac Engineering:Air-Vac Engineering () has established heating profiles and tooling recommendations for their Hot Gas (convection) rework equipment, DRS-24NC.Nozzle NMX188DVG:•0.18 in exhaust opening•VTMX020-35 vacuum tipComparable hot gas (convection heating) rework equipment from other vendors can also be used successfully.6 FAQsQ: What is a MicroSiP™?A: MicroSiP™ is a miniaturized System-in-Package (SiP) that integrates silicon integrated circuits (ICs) with passive components in a BGA or LGA footprint format.Q: Is this a lead-free (Pb-free) package?A: Yes. MicroSiP packages comply with lead-free environmental policies and are RoHS compliant. The BGA bumps and the solder joints on the inductor and capacitors use SAC305 solder paste (3% Ag, 0.5% Cu,96.5% Sn). Devices with LGA pins have either a NiAu finish (from the electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) process) or have a NiPdAu finish (from the electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) process). The related product folder states which lead finish a particular device has.Q: Are there any special MicroSiP™ placement requirements?A: Movement of the MicroSiP from the tape and reel (T&R) to placement on the PCB can be treated as asimilar sized BGA or QFN. The nozzle should make contact with the MicroSiP device in the location noted in the package drawing in the data sheet. This is usually on the inductor. The recommended nozzle size is also stated in the package drawing in the data sheet. For MicroSiP devices with BGA pins, an approximate 1-mm diameter nozzle/rubber tip is recommended with a contact area between 0.5–1.0 mm2.Q: Can I mount MicroSiP to the bottom of the PCB board?A: Yes. Ideally, the first and second reflow profiles are identical. The reflow profile should follow JEDEC standards for SMT of near-eutectic SnAgCu solder.Q: Can the MicroSiP™ withstand multiple reflows?A: Yes. The package is qualified for 3 reflow passes to accommodate first and second side board assembly and a nearby component repair cycle.Q: What alignment accuracy is possible?A: TI recommends printing a lead-free solder paste, as described in the PCB layout subsection, before placement of the MicroSiP. Alignment accuracy depends on the pad tolerance of the board and the MicroSiP placement accuracy. MicroSiP packages self-align during reflow—final alignment accuracy is very likely better than the placement accuracy.Q: Are the integrated inductors shielded?A: The chip inductor technology used in MicroSiP power modules entirely encloses the inductor winding for maximum shielding. Most MicroSiP devices use an inductor with a magnetic mold compound for best shielding. Q: How can I measure the temperature of a MicroSiP module?A: Each MicroSiP data sheet provides safe operating area (SOA) curves that show the thermal limits of the power module on the evaluation module (EVM). If the actual surface temperature of the MicroSiP is desired,a fiber optic temperature measurement setup yields the most accurate results. Many infrared (IR) imaging cameras display lower temperatures than in reality due to reflections off of the integrated inductor on the MicroSiP. Using a thin NiCrNi Thermal couple attached to the integrated inductor can be another precise method to measure the inductor temperature. Use the method described in the application report, An Accurate Thermal-Evaluation Method for the TLV62065 to measure the internal die temperature.Q: Do I need to solder the exposed thermal pad on the bottom of the MicroSiP?A: Yes. Just like for most discrete ICs and QFN-packaged devices, the exposed thermal pad (if present) must be soldered to the PCB. It is also recommended to place thermal vias under the exposed thermal pad for maximum height transfer, since the exposed thermal pad is the primary path of heat removal for many MicroSiPs.Q: How does TI maintain supply chain continuity with the multiple components in each MicroSiP?A: The passive components used in MicroSiPs are almost always catalog, off-the-shelf components available at multiple suppliers. See also TI’s Product Longevity Statement .Q: Are MicroSiP modules compliant with EMI standards?A: Many MicroSiPs, such as the TPSM82823, TPS82085 and LMZ20502, are compliant with CISPR standards for radiated emissions. Consult the device data sheet to see if a specific module has been tested.Q: What is the difference between solder mask defined (SMD) and non-solder mask defined (NSMD) land pads?A: In an SMD pad, there is a flood of copper and the solder mask is pulled back to expose the land pad. There is copper in the entire solder mask opening and extending under the solder mask. In a NSMD pad, the solder mask is pulled back to expose both the copper land pad and a gap between the copper land pad and the solder mask. Since many pins of a MicroSiP are routed to copper pours and planes, the NSMD gap between the copperand the solder mask is filled with copper and the land pad size is larger than expected. SMD land pads usually provide a more consistent land pad size for MicroSiLs with LGA pins, which results in improved solderability. Consult the specific device data sheet and its package drawing for the recommended land pattern. Figure 6-1shows the difference in SMD and NSMD pads.Figure 6-1. NSMD Pads Create a Gap Between the Exposed Copper and the Solder Mask, While SMDPads Expose Only Copper Without any Gap7 TrademarksMicroSiP ™ are trademarks of Texas Instruments.All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Trademarks IMPORTANT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMERTI PROVIDES TECHNICAL AND RELIABILITY DATA (INCLUDING DATA SHEETS), DESIGN RESOURCES (INCLUDING REFERENCE DESIGNS), APPLICATION OR OTHER DESIGN ADVICE, WEB TOOLS, SAFETY INFORMATION, AND OTHER RESOURCES “AS IS” AND WITH ALL FAULTS, AND DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS AND IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.These resources are intended for skilled developers designing with TI products. You are solely responsible for (1) selecting the appropriate TI products for your application, (2) designing, validating and testing your application, and (3) ensuring your application meets applicable standards, and any other safety, security, regulatory or other requirements.These resources are subject to change without notice. TI grants you permission to use these resources only for development of an application that uses the TI products described in the resource. Other reproduction and display of these resources is prohibited. No license is granted to any other TI intellectual property right or to any third party intellectual property right. TI disclaims responsibility for, and you will fully indemnify TI and its representatives against, any claims, damages, costs, losses, and liabilities arising out of your use of these resources.TI’s products are provided subject to TI’s Terms of Sale or other applicable terms available either on or provided in conjunction with such TI products. TI’s provision of these resources does not expand or otherwise alter TI’s applicable warranties or warranty disclaimers for TI products.TI objects to and rejects any additional or different terms you may have proposed.Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265Copyright © 2022, Texas Instruments Incorporated。
tiger911拨号器说明书
tiger911拨号器说明书连接911设备1、接至DC12V电源：红色（+）、黑色（-）2、设定触发信号及电话系统。
设置J1、J2、J3跳线：J1：左边—TONE音频如使用电压输入：黄色（+）、绿色（-）J2—左边，J3—右边：电压输入。
将报警主机的报警输出正极端接Tiger911的黄色端。
电话线直接插到tiger911的电话输入端子即可。
进入编程输入：[P]+[密码911]+[Enter]（默认密码为911）。
如密码输入正确，则显示一下O，然后进入编程状态显示S；如密码输入错误，则显示一下E，退回工作状态，可按上述步骤重新输入。
存储第一组电话号码例如电话号码为：62817323，操作步骤如下：1、在编程状态下，输入：[E1]-[62817323]-[Enter]，键入Enter后开始存储电话号码。
如显示O，则表示正确存入；如显示E，则表示未能正确输入，用户可重新输入。
2、如要清除第1组电话号码，在编程状态下输入[E1]+[Enter]。
3、由总机自动拨分机（不用转接），例如分机为12，则输入：[E1]-[62817323]-P-12-[Enter] 每按一次P，即暂停2秒。
4、第2，3，4组电话号码设置方式同第1组设置。
查询电话号码在编程状态下，按[3]键，显示C(表示CHECK)，再按查询之E1，E2，E3，E4或P。
输入：[3]+[E1]（或E2，E3，E4，P）存储语音信息可存储20秒语音信息。
在编程状态下，1、直接录音。
按[1]键，显示R（表示RECORD）。
输入[1]+开始讲话，录音2、播放语音。
按[3]，再按[2]键，显示P（表示PLAY）。
输入[3]+[2]+播放存储的20秒录音存储及查询密码1、存储密码：例如密码为714160（密码为0-6位）输入：[P]+714160+[Enter]2、查询密码：输入[3]+[P]3、按下[RESET]按钮，恢复默认密码911三种编程可选报警方式A、输入[5]+[0]+[enter]：报警信号一旦触发，则连续拨号3次，中间可用密码解除。
Phonics1_4 全部词汇
My B Words ballbirdboatbookbearbikeboybus butterflyMy C Words cake cameracarcatcoat computer cookcowcupMy D Words deerdesk dinosaur doctordogdolldoordotduck Phonics Book 1My F WordsfacefamilyfarmerfeatherfirefirefighterfishforkfoxMy G WordsgamegardengategiftgirlgoatgoldfishgorillaguitarMy H WordshammerhandhangerhathearthelicopterhorsehosehouseMy J Wordsjacketjack-o-lanternjaguarjarjellyfishjetjeweljugjump ropeMy K WordskangarookeykeyboardkisskitkitekittenkiwikoalaMy L WordslakelamblamplaptopletterleaflemonlionlizardMy M Words magnetmanmap marker mirror monkey motorcycle mouse muffinMy N Words nailnapkin necklace needlenestnet notebook nursenutMy P Words panda parachute parkparrotpianopiepigpizza pumpkin My R WordsrabbitradiorainbowraincoatraisinsrakerattlerefrigeratorrulerMy S WordssailboatsandalssandwichsaxophonesealseashellsignsofasunflowerMy T WordstabletarantulataxitelescopetelevisiontigertonguetoothbrushturtleMy W Wordswafflewagonwaiterwalletwandwashing machinewatchwebwormMy Q Wordsquartquartetqueenquestion markquiltMy V WordsvanvegetablevestvetvineMy X WordsboxfoxmixsaxsixMy Y WordsyakyardyawnyellowyolkMy Z Words zebrazerozigzagzipperzooMy Short A Words applebatcatcaterpillarfangrasshatlambmanMy Short E Words belldeskdresselephantlettucepenpenciltentvet My Short I WordsbibfishiglookitmilkmittpigpinwigMy Short O WordsboxclockfoxlogmopoctopuspotrocksocksMy Short U WordsbusbettercupducknutstrucktrunktubumbrellaPhonics Book2My Bl WordsblackblanketblockblueblueberriesMy Br Words bracelet breadbridge broom brownMy Cl Words class climber clock clothes cloudMy Cr Words crabcrack cracker crayoncribMy Fl Words flag flamingo flashlight flowerflyMy Fr Words freezer friendsfrogfrownfruit My Gr WordsgrapesgrassgrasshoppergreengrillMy Pl WordsplantplatepliersplugplumMy Sl WordssleevesslideslingslippersslugMy Sn WordssnakesnapsneezesnorkelsnowmanMy Sp WordsspacesuitspaghettispiderspongespoonMy St WordsstairsstaplerstarfishstoolstoplightMy Ch WordschainchaircheckerscherrychickenMy Sh WordsshadowsheepshellsshirtshoeMy Th Wordsthermometerthick / thinthornthreethumbMy Wh WordswhaleswheelwheelchairwhistlewhitePhonic Book3（Aa 短单词）cat猫fat 胖的mat 毯子rat 老鼠bat 球棒hat帽子van货车fan风扇can能够;罐头tan棕褐色pan平底锅jam果酱bag 包cap鸭舌帽dad 爸爸ham火腿pack包裹sack麻布袋panda熊猫family家庭carrot胡萝卜napkin餐巾纸jacket 夹克衫happy开心map地图lamp台灯black黑色grass 草丛plant植物grandpa爷爷grandma奶奶（Ee短单词）bed床red红色bell铃响well好的/井fell感觉very非常twenty二十empty空的net网egg鸡蛋web网yes是的get得到pet 宠物jet 蒸汽飞机nest巢neck脖子left左边ten十men男人hen母鸡pen钢笔/围栏desk书桌vest背心dress长裙end结束hello你好pencil铅笔 elephant大象fresh新鲜的（Ii短单词）pig猪wig假发big大的fig无花果kiss亲吻Miss小姐king国王ring戒指sing唱pink粉红色drink喝、饮料sip小口喝tip尖端bib围嘴/饮酒nib笔尖pin大头针thin瘦的six六sit坐his他的him他（宾格）gift礼物wind风kiwi猕猴桃milk牛奶pick挑选mitt棒球手套will将会with和;与this这个fish鱼windy有风的kitchen厨房picnic野餐 chicken鸡肉dinner晚餐little小的English英语（Oo短单词）dog狗log木头mop 拖把top 盖/顶部stop 停止on在…上面long长的song 歌曲strong强壮的job工作from来自doctor医生dot 小圆点pot 容器hot热的not 不lot 许多doll玩偶fox 狐狸odd 古怪的rock石头often经常（Uu短单词）fun乐趣run跑sun太阳cut切but但是hum（哼小曲）gum口香糖mum妈妈plum李子bug故障plug插头jug壶up向上cup 杯子us我们bus公共汽jump跳duck鸭子just刚刚study学习uncle叔叔butterfly蝴蝶truck卡车trunk树干nut坚果tub浴缸funny有趣的sunny晴朗的bunch束/串lunch午饭much许多/非常“ar”组合单词jar瓶子car汽车art美术garden花园park公园far远的farmer农民guitar吉他yard院子scarf围巾arm手臂farm农场jaguar美洲豹marker马克笔supermarket超市starfish 海星“er”组合单词father父亲mother母亲brother兄；弟sister姐；妹ruler尺子 eraser橡皮擦stapler 订书机teacher老师writer作家driver司机climber攀登者tiger老虎spider 蜘蛛grasshopper蚱蜢freezer冰箱slippers拖鞋checkers西洋棋thermometer温度计summer夏天flower 花under在。
SIP技术介绍(注释版)
语音目录目录SIP (1)SIP协议简介 (1)基本概念介绍 (1)SIP的功能和特点 (2)SIP消息 (2)SIP工作原理简介 (3)SIP支持的传输协议 (5)SIP安全 (6)信令加密 (6)媒体流加密 (6)组合使用 (6)SIP-T支持QSIG基本呼叫 (7)SIPSIP协议简介SIP（Session Initiation Protocol，会话初始协议）是一个用于建立、更改和终止多媒体会话的应用层控制协议，其中的会话可以是IP电话、多媒体会话或多媒体会议。
SIP是IETF多媒体数据和控制体系结构的核心协议（最新RFC文档是RFC 3261）。
其主要目的是为了解决IP网中的信令控制，以及同软交换平台的通信，从而构成下一代的增值业务平台，对电信、银行、金融等行业提供更好的增值业务。
SIP用于发起会话，它能控制多个参与者参加的多媒体会话的建立和终结，并能动态调整和修改会话属性，如会话带宽要求、传输的媒体类型（语音、视频和数据等）、媒体的编解码格式、对组播和单播的支持等。
SIP协议基于文本编码，大量借鉴了成熟的HTTP协议，并且具有易扩展、易实现等特点，因此非常适合用来实现基于因特网的多媒体通信系统。
基本概念介绍1. 多媒体会话根据RFC 2327的定义，多媒体会话（Multimedia Session）是指一组多媒体发送者和接受者，以及从发送者到接受者的数据流。
例如一个多媒体会议就是一个多媒体会话。
一个会话由一组用户名称、会话ID、网络类型、地址类型以及各个单元的地址来确定。
2. 用户代理用户代理（UA，User Agent）也称SIP终端，是指支持SIP协议的多媒体会话终端。
一般使用支持SIP协议的路由器作为SIP UA。
UA包括用户代理客户端（UAC，User Agent Client）和用户代理服务器（UAS，User Agent Server）。
一般说的UA均是指二者的总称，因为在一次呼叫中，一个SIP终端既要处理SIP请求，又要发起SIP请求。
sip类项目研制计划表
sip类项目研制计划表英文回答：SIP Project Development Plan.Introduction.SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is a signaling protocol used to initiate, modify, and terminate multimedia sessions. It is widely used in Voice over IP (VoIP) and video conferencing applications.Project Objectives.The objective of this project is to develop a SIP-based communication platform that provides secure and reliable voice and video communication. The platform will be designed to be scalable, extensible, and interoperable with other SIP-based systems.Scope.The project will include the following components:SIP server.SIP client.Call manager.Media server.Database.Architecture.The system will be based on a client-server architecture. The SIP server will be responsible for managing SIP sessions, routing calls, and providing authentication and authorization services. The SIP client will be used to initiate and receive calls. The call manager will be responsible for managing calls andproviding call features such as call forwarding and call hold. The media server will be responsible for handling the media streams for voice and video calls. The database will be used to store user information, call history, and other data.Development Plan.The project will be developed in phases. The first phase will involve the development of the SIP server and SIP client. The second phase will involve the development of the call manager and media server. The third phase will involve the integration of the components and testing of the system.Timeline.The project is expected to be completed within 12 months.Budget.The estimated budget for the project is $100,000.Resources.The project will be developed by a team of engineers with experience in SIP and VoIP. The team will have access to the necessary hardware and software resources.Benefits.The project will provide the following benefits:Secure and reliable voice and video communication.Scalability and extensibility.Interoperability with other SIP-based systems.中文回答：SIP 类项目研制计划表。
sip和sop的作业指导书
sip和sop的作业指导书SIP (Senior Individualized Project) and SOP (Statement of Purpose) are two important components of academic assessment and application processes. In this article, we will explore the guidelines for completing these tasks and provide tips on how to approach them effectively.1. Introduction to SIP:The Senior Individualized Project (SIP) is a culmination of your academic journey, where you have the opportunity to delve into a subject of your choice and showcase your skills and knowledge. It is important to choose a topic that you are passionate about and that aligns with your future goals.2. Understanding the SOP:The Statement of Purpose (SOP) is a crucial document when applying for further studies or research positions. It allows you to express your motivations, aspirations, and how the program or institution you are applying to can help you achieve your goals. A well-crafted SOP can greatly enhance your chances of being accepted.3. Choosing the right topic for SIP:When selecting a topic for your SIP, consider your interests, strengths, and the resources available to you. It should be a topic that allows youto demonstrate your expertise and passion. Conduct thorough research to ensure that your topic is unique and hasn't been extensively explored before.4. Structuring your SIP:To ensure a coherent and organized SIP, it is important to follow a logical structure. Divide your project into sections such as introduction, literature review, methodology, analysis, and conclusion. Each section should have a clear purpose and contribute to the overall understanding of your topic.5. Writing the SOP:When writing your SOP, start with a compelling introduction that grabs the reader's attention. Clearly state your objectives, including why you are interested in the program or institution and how it aligns with your career goals. Provide specific examples of your experiences, skills, and achievements that demonstrate your suitability for the program.6. Showcasing your uniqueness:Both the SIP and SOP should highlight your individuality and what sets you apart from other candidates. Share personal anecdotes, experiences, and challenges you have overcome. This will make your application more memorable and give the admissions committee aglimpse into your character and potential.7. Language and style:Pay attention to your writing style and language choices. Use a varied vocabulary to express your ideas effectively. Avoid clichés and overly formal language, as they can make your writing sound robotic. Aim for a natural and engaging tone that captures the reader's attention.8. Proofreading and editing:Before submitting your SIP or SOP, proofread and edit your work meticulously. Check for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Ensure that your sentences and paragraphs flow smoothly and coherently. Seek feedback from mentors, teachers, or peers to get valuable insights and suggestions for improvement.9. Conclusion:Completing a SIP and writing an SOP are essential tasks that require careful planning, research, and strong communication skills. By following the guidelines provided and infusing your own unique voice and perspective, you can create compelling and impactful documents that showcase your abilities and potential.Remember, these projects are opportunities to showcase your passion, knowledge, and skills. Approach them with enthusiasm anddedication, and let your personality shine through. Good luck with your SIP and SOP!。
SIP系统设计和操作
SIP SYSTEM DESIGN AND OPERATION在线蒸汽灭菌系统的设计和操作Technical Service ManagerNancy He 何燕娜默克化工技术（上海）有限公司2017.7.28Tech Support Contacts: 400-889-1988 (line 4)China.pstech@Agenda 内容湿热灭菌基本知识SIP 系统设计SIP系统操作21. 湿热灭菌基本知识•Basic Knowledge of Saturated Steam饱和蒸汽的基本知识•Effect and Removal of Condensate冷凝水的影响和去除•Effect and Removal of non-condensable gases不可凝结气体的影响和去除Steam is water heated to its boiling point and then vaporized 蒸汽是由水加热到沸点后汽化形成◆Water still absorbs heat ，temperature not change 水继续吸收热量，温度不变◆Vaporization due to latent heat absorbed水吸收潜热后蒸发形成蒸汽◆Latent heat 潜热（相的变化）◆Water absorbs heat and temperature rises水吸收热量，温度升高◆At the boiling point temperature stops rising 水达到沸点后温度停止上升◆Sensible heat 显热（温度升高）What Is Steam?什么是蒸汽？Saturated Steam饱和蒸汽-Saturated steam condenses in contact with cold surface饱和蒸汽接触冷的表面形成冷凝水-Gives up latent heat of condensation to the equipment to be sterilised 冷凝时释放潜热对设备进行灭菌-Produces the moisture required for killing micro-organisms产生杀死微生物的湿度Risks of wetting and blocking filters.存在润湿并堵住过滤器的风险。
SoundPoint IP 301 SIP 2.2用户手册说明书
Introduction (1)Parts.List (1)Installing.SoundPoint®.IP.301.SIP (2)Connecting Network and Power Source (2)Connecting the Handset and Optional Headset (3)Attaching the Base (3)Features (4)Key.Descriptions (5)Using.SoundPoint®.IP.301.SIP (6)Placing a Call (6)Answering a Call (7)Call Hold and Resume (7)Multiple Calls on Hold (7)Microphone Mute (7)General Key Use (8)Local Conferencing (8)Splitting a Conference (8)Transferring a Call (9)Call Timer (9)Ending a Call (9)Redial (10)Call Forwarding (10)Volume Adjustment (10)Do Not Disturb (11)Time and Date (11)Headset Memory Mode (11)Display Contrast (12)Ring Type (12)Call Lists (12)Contact List (13)Speed Dial (14)Multiple Lines (14)Multiple Keys Per Line (14)Multiple Call Appearances (15)Shared Lines (15)Voice Mail (16)Distinctive Ringing / Call Treatment (16)Phone Reboot (17)Optional.Features (17)Text Messaging (17)Presence / Status / Buddy Lists (18)Troubleshooting (20)pliance (22)Part 15 Rules (22)Class B Digital Device or Peripheral (22)Modificatio ns (22)Installation Instructions (22)Plug Acts as Disconnect Device (22)Industry Canada (IC) (23)CE and VCCI Mark (23)Polycom.Limited.Warranty.and.Limitation.Liability (23)Exclusions (24)Warranty.Exclusive (24)Service.Agreements (24)Limitations.of.Liability (24)Disclaimer (25)w (25)Copyright.Notice (25)Thank you for choosing the SoundPoint ® IP 301 SIP. This unit provides business telephony features and functions such as Multiple Call Appearances, Call Hold, Transfer, and Conference over an IPnetwork. In this User Guide you will find everything you need to quickly use your new phone. Be sure to verify with yoursystem administrator that your network is prepared for configuring your Sound-Point ® IP 301 SIP phone. As well, be sure to read the Parts List and the Safety Notices section in this guide before you set up and use the SoundPoint ® IP 301 SIP phone.The following items are included in your SoundPoint ® IP 301 SIP package. Check this list before installation to ensure that you have received each item. If you are missing any items, please contact yoursystem administrator.Polycom SoundPoint ® IP 301 SIPHandset & Handset CordNetwork / Power CablePower Adapter(specification varies according to country)Phone BaseQuick Start GuideFor SoundPoint ® 301, the power adapter is not included in the PoE bundle. See your system administrator if you require one.This section provides basic installation instructions and information for obtaining the best performance with the Sound-The SoundPoint ® IP 301 SIP User Guide includes regulatory compliance informa-tion that your system administrator should (Part No. 2200-11077-002 Rev A)HoldSpeakeroutput.handset, headset, speaker, and ringer.sensitive applications.8TUV7PQRS9WXYZ4879With the handset on-hook, pressfirst getting dial tone. Simply enter the number then lift the handsetwill answer the call through an optionally connected Multiple Calls on HoldIf multiple calls are on hold on a single line key, use the arrow keys to switch between the calls then press the Resume soft key to retrieve the desired call. If more than two If calls are on hold on more than one line key, the details of the calls on any line key can be viewed by pressing that line key and holding it down for a few seconds. If a line. The LED on the phone lights up and a flashing microphonesoft keys to scrollthrough lists. In some lists thePQRSWXYZspeed dial numbers or the missedcall list, or use the Features menu toaccess placed and received call lists.From one of these lists press the Dialsoft key.call as the active call.A conference may be created at any timebetween an active call and a call which ison hold (on the same line) by pressing theJoin soft key.Splitting a ConferenceEnding the call on the conference originator’sphone will not end the conference; the othertwo parties can continue to talkWhen a conference has been established,a Split soft key is available. Pressing thiskey will split the conference into two callson hold.Transferring a CallA blind transfer (without consulta-tion) can also be supported by press-ing the Blind soft key.1. During a call, press the Trnsfr soft key (the active call is placed on hold).2. Dial the number to which you want to transfer the call or use the arrow keys to access speed dial numbers or the missed call list, or use the Features menu to access placed and received call lists. From one of these lists press the Dial soft key.3. Press the Trnsfr soft key again or hang up to complete the transfer. This can be done as soon as the ringback sound is heard or you can wait until the third party answers and talk to them before completing the transfer. Press the Split soft key to put the first call on hold and keep the second call as the active call .Transfer may be cancelled during estab-lishment by pressing the Cancel soft key. The original call is resumed.Call TimerYou can configure your phone so that allCall ForwardingCall forwarding is not available on sharedlines.This feature is local to the phone, and maybe overridden by call server settings.For more information, contact your systemadministrator.andand , select the for warding type you want to change 4. Depending on your selection:• If you select Always, enter anumber to foraward all incomingcall to.• If you select No Answer, enter a number to forward all unanswered incoming calls to and how manyrings to wait before forwarding.• If you select Busy, enter a num-ber to forward all future incoming calls to when you are already inanother call.2. Enter a number to forward theincoming call to.3. Select Enable.The incoming call is forwarded to the other party. If call forwarding is disabled, all future calls will not be forwarded and forwarding will remain disabled.Mode.accept or cancel changes.4. Enter the Contact number. Thisis a required field and it must beunique (not already in the direc-tory).5. Speed Dial Index, Ring Type andDivert Contact may be left blank.6. Use and or theChange soft key to switch betweenEnabled and Disabled settings forthe last four fields.7. Press Save to confirm or Cancel toabandon the changes, then pressExit to return to the idle display. To search for a particular contact:1. Press Search from the Contact Listmenu.2. Using the dial pad, enter the firstfew characters for First or Lastnames.3. Press Search to search for contacts.4. Successful matches can be dialedfrom the resulting screen.879*TUVWXYZOPERPQRSMultiple Call AppearancesEach line on the phone can be configured to have one or more call appearances. More than one call appearance is useful if there is an active call and an incoming call arrives on the same line. In the example shown, there is in an outbound call with Bob Smith. The second figure shows an incoming call from JimGreen. To answer this incoming call, put the original call on Hold or press the key to access the new call. Soft key labels will be updated on the display with these options:1. Answer this incoming call.2. Reject the second incoming call.3. Forwrd the incoming call to another extension.Answering the incoming call places the origi-nal on Hold and refreshes the soft key labels as indicated (last figure).If more than one call appearance is in use, one will appear on the display and the total number will be indicated by a counter at the top right corner of the display. For example, “2/3” indicates that the call on the display is the second one out of a total of three.A user can also place another outbound call on the same first line. Press Hold during the first call and press NewCall to obtain dial tone for a second call.Shared Lines*Shared lines are an optional feature configured on the server and may not be sup-ported on your particular system. Contact your system administrator to find out.The phone supports shared lines *. If two phones share a line, an incoming call to that number will cause both phones to ring. The call can be answered on either phone but not both.The shared line icon changes to a moving icon when the line is in use remotely. Calls on shared lines can be transferred, puton hold, or added to a conference.than 3 seconds To read text messages:idle display to get to the Buddy®No Dial-ToneVerify power is correctly applied to the SoundPoint® IP 301 SIP phone:• Check that the display is illuminated.• Make sure the LAN cable is inserted properly at the rear of the phone(try unplugging and re-inserting thecable).• If using in-line powering, check that the switch is supplying power to thephone (contact your system adminis-trator).Verify if dial tone is present on any other audio paths:• Switch between handset, headset (if present) or hands-free to see ifdial tone is present on these otherpaths.• If dial tone exists on one of these, connect a different handset orheadset to isolate the problem.No Display, Incorrect Display or Bad Con-trastVerify power is correctly applied to the SoundPoint® IP 301 SIP phone:• As “No Dial-Tone” above.Verify contrast adjustment:• Follow the instructions in this User Guide to adjust the contrast to adarker level.• Reboot the phone to obtain a default level of contrast (follow the instruc-tions in this User Guide).Verify successful outbound or inbound calling:• Place a call to the phone under investigation. Check that thedisplay indicates incoming callinformation.• Lift the handset. Ensure dialtone is present and place a callto another extension or number.Check that the display changes inresponse.No RingingVerify incoming ring setting and volume level:• Adjust the ringing level from thefront panel using the volume up/down keys.• Check that the Ring Type selected inthe Settings menu is not the SilentRing.Verify successful outbound or inbound calling:• As “No Display” above.No Audio on HeadsetVerify correct connections:• Ensure the headset is plugged into the jack marked Headset at the rear• Ensure the headset amplifier (if present) is turned on and/or thevolume is correctly adjusted.• Ensure the headset amplifier (if present) is turned on and/or theStatusStatusthat to which the receiver is con-nected.4. Consult the dealer or an experience radio/TV technician for help.• Reboot the phone to attempt re-regis-tration with the server.Part 15 RulesThis device is compliant with Part 15 of the2. This device must accept any interferencesreceived, including interference that may cause undesired operation.Class B Digital Device or PeripheralNote: This equipment is tested and com-plies with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCCRules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful in-terference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruc-tions, may cause harmful interference to ra-dio communications. However, there is no FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:1. This device may not cause harmful interference, andModificationsIn accordance with Part 15 of the FCCRules, the user is cautioned that any changesor modifications not expressly approved by Polycom, Inc. could void the user’s author-ity to operate the equipment.Installation Instructionsguarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equip-ment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:1. Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.2. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.3. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different fromInstallation must be performed in accor-dance with all relevant national wiring rules.L’Installation doit être exécutée conformé-ment à tous les règlements nationaux applicable au filage électrique.Plugs Acts as DisconnectDeviceThe socket outlet to which this apparatus is connected must be installed near the equipment and must always be readily accessible.La prise électrique à laquelle l’appareilest branché doit être installée près del’équipement et doit toujours être facilement accessible.Industry Canada (IC)This Class [B] digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.Cet appareil numérique de la classe [B] est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.CE and VCCI MarkThis SoundPoint® IP 301 SIP is marked with the CE mark. This mark indicates compliance with EEC directories 89/336/ EEC and 73/23/EEC.A full copy of the Declaration of Confor-mity can be obtained from Polycom Ltd., 270 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire, SL14DX, UK.LIMITED W ARRANTY. Polycom war-rants to the end user (“Customer”) that this product is expected to be free from defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use and service, for one year from the date of purchase from Polycom or its authorized reseller.Polycom’s sole obligation under this ex-press warranty is at Polycom’s option and expense, to repair the defective product or part, deliver to Customer an equivalent product or part to replace the defective item, or if neither of the two foregoing options are reasonably available, Polycom may, on its sole discretion, refund to Customer the purchase price paid forthe defective product. All products that are replaced will become the property of Polycom. Replacement products or parts may be new or reconditioned. Polycom is expected to warrant any replaced or repaired product or part for ninety (90) days from shipment, or the remainder of the initial warranty period,whichever is longer.Products returned to Polycom must be sent prepaid and packaged appropriately for safe shipment, and it is recommended that they be insured or sent by a method that provides for tracking of the package. Responsibility for loss or damage does not transfer to Polycom until the returned item is received by Polycom. The repaired or replaced item will be shipped to Customer, at Polycom’s expense, not later than thirty (30) days after Polycom receives the defective product, and Polycom will retain risk of loss or damage until the item is delivered to Customer.Polycom will not be liable under this limited warranty if its testing and exami-nation disclose that the alleged defect or malfunction in the product does not exist or results from:• Failure to follow Polycom’s installa-tion, operation, or maintenance instruc-tions.• Unauthorized product modification or alteration.• Unauthorized use of common carrier communication services accessedthrough the product.• Abuse, misuse, negligent acts or omis-sions of Customer and persons underCustomer’s control; or• Acts of third parties, acts of God, ac-cident, fire, lightening, power surges or outages, or other hazards.IF A POLYCOM PRODUCT DOES NOT OPERATE AS W ARRANTED ABOVE, CUSTOMER’S SOLE REMEDY FOR BREACH OF THAT W ARRANTY SHALL BE REPAIR, REPLACEMENT, OR REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID, AT POLYCOM’S OPTION. TO THE FULL EXTENT ALLOWED BY LAW, THE FOREGOING W ARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERW ARRANTIES, TERMS, OR CONDI-TIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, EI-THER IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF LAW, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE,INCLUDING WARRANTIES, TERMS, OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANT-ABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICU-LAR PURPOSE, SATISFACTORYQUALITY, CORRESPONDENCE WITH DESCRIPTION, AND NON-INFRINGE-MENT, ALL OF WHICH ARE EX-PRESSLY DISCLAIMED. POLYCOM NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHO-RIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO AS-SUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE OR USE OF ITS PRODUCTS.Please contact your Polycom Authorized Reseller for information about service agreements applicable to your product. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. TO THE FULL EXTENT ALLOWED BY LAW, POLYCOM EXCLUDES FOR ITSELFAND ITS SUPPLIERS ANY LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), FOR INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUEN-TIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, OR FOR LOSS OF REVENUE OR PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF INFORMATION OR DATA, OR OTHER FINANCIAL LOSS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION, MAIN-TENANCE, USE, PERFORMANCE, FAILURE, OR INTERRUPTION OF ITS PRODUCTS, EVEN IF POLYCOM OR ITS AUTHORIZED RESELLER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POS-SIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, AND LIMITS ITS LIABILITY TO REPAIR, REPLACEMENT, OR REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID, AT POLY-COM’S OPTION. THIS DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES WILL NOT BE AFFECTED IF ANY REMEDY PROVIDED HEREIN SHALL FAIL OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE.Some countries, states, or provinces do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or the limitation of incidental or consequential damages for certain products supplied to consumers,or the limitation of liability for personal injury, so the above limitations and exclu-sions may be limited in their application to you. When the implied warranties are not allowed to be excluded in their entirety, they will be limited to the duration of the applicable written warranty. This warranty gives you specific legal rights which may vary depending on local law.This Limited Warranty and Limitation of Liability shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, U.S.A., and by the laws of the United States, excluding their conflicts of laws principles. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is hereby excluded in its entirety from application to this Limited Warranty and Limitation of Liability.All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions.No part of the contents of this manual may be copied, reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, or translated into another language or format, in whole or part, without written consent from Polycom, Inc.Do not remove (or allow anybody else to remove) any product identification, copy-right or other notices.Polycom, the Polycom logo design, and SoundPoint are trademarks of Polycom, Inc. in the U.S. and various other coun-tries.Portions of the software contained in this product are Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Thai Open Source Software Center Ltd. and Clark Cooper.Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documenta-tion files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, includingwithout limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, subli-cense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Soft-ware is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:The above copyright notice and this per-mission notice shall be included in all cop-ies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT W ARRANTY OF ANYPolycom, Inc.4750 Willow Roadare the property of their respective companies.。
SIP在线蒸汽灭菌
STEAM-IN-PLACE 在线蒸汽灭菌Liquid Saturated SteamcurveTemperatureGasvaporsteam需要压力控制 应该被验证 时间短 应该被验证 时间长冷凝水是由于蒸汽在系统中遇到了热损失而形成的。
Equipment Considerations设备考虑因素 Piping 管路方向 Orientation 垂直 Vertical 倾斜 Sloped 水平 Horizontal 软管 Flexible隔热 Insulation 死角 Dead Legs设备考虑因素 管路连接和管路缩小 避免产物累积 卫生型连接 电弧焊接消灭死角 Length < 3 times diameterIncorrect Correct设备考虑因素 仪表热电耦 类型Type T -- 铜和铜镍合金。
压力监测 压力表– 快卡类型隔膜压力表压力传感器设备考虑因素 阀门隔膜阀 -- 最好的选择 干净的流道，蒸汽控制容易，密封性好，灭菌效果好。
蝶阀 密封性差，控制性差但是灭菌效果好。
球阀 球阀的位置会阻塞阀内部分面积。
在灭菌时排放所有阀门Current Practice 现在的实践•Fluids are sent to downstream equipment 料液被输送到下游设备Vented process tank or filling manifold 带呼吸器的工艺罐或分装头 Good option when product wet filter testing is used 使用产品润湿滤器后所作的测试是个好选择 •Catch can with a sterile vent filter具有除菌呼吸器的捕捉罐 Not easy to handle 不容易操作 Separate autoclaving单个高压灭菌 No filter blow-down 无法吹过滤器 One vent filter to integrity test 一个呼吸器要做完整性测试 Limited wetting volume 有限的润湿体积to fillingMilliBarrier Filter Design 过滤器设计One disk pairLiquid CondensateGas3 Hydrophilic membranes1 Hydrophobic membraneUsing the MilliBarrier Filter使用MillibarrierSingle sterilizing filter单个除菌过滤器1 SIP2 WettingWaterSteam1 bar maxAfter SIP, cool downwith compressed airEliminate condensate, steam & air through barrier filter灭菌后，用压缩空气冷却，通过 Millibarrier去除冷凝水，蒸汽和空气Open ClosedOnce cool, wet the sterilizing-grade filterand direct the effluent to drain through the Barrier Filter.冷却后，润湿 除菌级滤器，通过Millibarrier 去除液体。
关于opensips的书籍 -回复
关于opensips的书籍-回复关于OpenSIPS的书籍OpenSIPS是一款功能强大的开源会话初始化协议（SIP）服务器，它为企业提供了可靠的VoIP通信解决方案。
对于那些希望建立基于SIP的实时通信平台的开发者和系统管理员来说，熟悉OpenSIPS的操作和配置是至关重要的。
为了帮助用户更好地了解和使用OpenSIPS，一些相关的书籍应运而生。
在本篇文章中，我将一步一步地介绍一些关于OpenSIPS的重要书籍，并提供一些关键信息。
1.《Building Telephony Systems with OpenSIPS》这本书是OpenSIPS的首选指南之一，由Flavio E. Goncalves等人合著。
该书深入介绍了如何使用OpenSIPS建立可扩展和高可靠性的电话系统。
它从安装和配置OpenSIPS服务器开始，然后讲解了如何处理SIP请求和响应、路由、认证、授权和会话管理等核心功能。
此外，书中还介绍了如何与其他开源软件（如Asterisk）和服务（如MySQL数据库）集成。
这本书涵盖了从基础知识到高级主题的所有必要内容，适合初学者和有经验的OpenSIPS用户。
2.《OpenSIPS 101》这本书是Alexandr Dubovikov编写的一本实用指南，着重介绍OpenSIPS的基本概念和操作。
它详细说明了OpenSIPS的体系结构、配置文件、SIP消息处理、路由、负载平衡和故障恢复等基础知识。
这本书的特点是通过大量的示例和案例来说明各个主题。
无论您是初学者还是有经验的OpenSIPS用户，这本书都将帮助您建立坚实的基础。
3. 《OpenSIPS Solutions Book》这本书由Bogdan-Andrei Iancu和Liviu Chircu共同编写，是一本专门介绍OpenSIPS解决方案的书籍。
它主要关注使用OpenSIPS构建大规模和高可用性系统的最佳实践。
除了介绍OpenSIPS的基础知识外，书中还涵盖了高级功能，如SIP安全、实时通信、监控和故障排除。
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•9
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Basics (1/2)
RFC 3261 (June 2002) SIP is an end-to-end, client-server session signaling protocol. SIP is human readable. (ASCII text-based; aids debugging) Based on HTTP protocol. SIP is extensible. (Unrecognized headers are ignored)
sip:tiger@
Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) : Identifies device
sip:tiger@220.131.0.2 sip:tiger@
Can add parameters, such as, type (user=“phone”) or transport protocol
The spec mandates UDP and TCP. Other transport protocols are optional
Reuse Internet addressing (URLs, DNS, proxies)
Utilizes rich Internet feature set
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SIP Addressing
SIP Universal Resource Locators (URLs)
Similar to email addresses Format: users@host User portion can be user name or telephone number Host can be domain name or network address Examples sip:+861082330055@ sip:Tiger.Xia@192.168.1.1
PSTN
• Service providers need to interconnect with many networks
Specifically, networks using a variety of telephony call control protocols
• Service providers will offer both transport and billable services
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Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Basics (2/2)
SIP is the core protocol for initiating, managing and terminating sessions in the Internet These sessions may be text, voice, video, gaming, instant messaging, presence or a combination of these SIP sessions involve one or more participants and can use unicast or multicast communication. (Multicast support) SIP runs on any transport protocol (UDP, TCP, TLS, SCTP)
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Standards
Core Standards
RFC 3261 SIP: Session Initiation Protocol (Version 2)
RFC 2543 SIP: Session Initiation Protocol (Version 1) RFC 2976 The SIP INFO Method RFC 3263 Locating SIP Servers RFC 3265 SIP-Specific Event Notification RFC 3311 UPDATE Method RFC 3326 The Reason Header Field RFC 3372 SIP for Telephones (SIP-T): Context and Architectures RFC 3398 ISUP to SIP Mapping RFC 3428 SIP Extension for Instant Messaging
SIP Extended Standards：
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SIP User-Agents
Clients end-system application
User Agent Client (UAC) – originates SIP requests User Agent Server (UAS) - terminate SIP requests Endpoints – IP phones, Soft phones, SIP enabled PC and Media Gateways.
VOIP - SIP Introduction
Tiger Xia July 29, 2013
Agenda (Session I)
Session I : SIP / SDP / RTP
SIP General Overview Basic SIP Device Basic Call Flow SIP Messages Routing SIP calls SDP RTP
IP Centrex
SIP Call Routing
PSTN IP Verse MGCP Transit Network Transit Network
Call Manager GK GK PSTN Global LD Network Voice Application Hosting PSTN PSTN PSTN PSTN
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SIP Specific Protocols
Audio
G.711 G.729 G.723.1 …
Video H.261 H.263
Signaling
SIP
SDP
RTP/RTCP
TCP/UDP IP Physical
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SIP Architecture
3pcc
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SIP Network Servers (2/2)
Registrar server / Location Server (LS) –
Accepts registration request from users Maintains user whereabouts Provide SIP authentication services (not RADIUS)
INVITE (w/ SDP)
SIP Signaling & SDP Signaling (UDP or TCP)
VOIP Architecture
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Build the Internet
Network of Networks Reference Architecture
SS7 SS7
H.323 MGCP SIP SS7
PSTN
IP Transit Network
PSTN
DGK GK GK H.323 Call Routing IP Residential
Registrar
Redirect
Location Database Proxy SIP Server
Register I am here
Redirect Here is the address Proxy INVITES I will call it for you. INVITE I want to speak with another agent.
Redirect server (RS)–
Does not accept calls, nor process or forward SIP requests Accepts request and send redirect response back to client, i.e. redirect calls to other servers
Combine with other RFC standards to implement complete multimedia services.
SDP - Session Description Protocol (RFC 2327) RTP - Real-Time Transport Protocol (RFC 1889) DNS - Domain Name Service RTSP - Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RFC 2326)
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Agenda (Session II)
Session II : Advanced Knowledge
SIP Extensions and Features Relevant Protocols References
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SIP General Overview
Application Services
LDAP
Oracle
XML
CPL CPL
SIP Proxy, Registrar & Redirect Servers