Apreliminarystudyontheultrasoundguidance-临床与病理杂志
2022年考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：43
2022年考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题（）is known to the world, Mark Twin is a great American writer.问题1选项A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。
As is known to …“众所周知”。
句意：众所周知，马克吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
故C项正确。
2.单选题It is through learning that the individual___ many habitual ways of reacting to situations. 问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires 【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. retains保持B. gains获得C. achieves达到；实现D. acquires获得；取得【考察点】近义词辨析。
【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获得，实现”的意思。
of reacting to situations做habitual ways的后置定语。
句意为获得对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。
acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。
这里与habitual ways相符合。
因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；C选项achieve得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。
以上选项均不能和habitual ways搭配。
【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。
3.单选题The local government is planning to make（）for the elderly people in a housing program. 问题1选项A.provisionB.admittanceC.assistanceD.condition【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷6
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题I am prepared to make some（） on minor details, but I cannot compromise on fundamentals. 问题1选项A.confessionB.concessionC.concordD.consent【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
confession “忏悔；告解”；concession “让步；特许（权）”；concord “和谐；和睦；一致”；consent “准许；同意”。
句意：在一些细节上我准备做出一些______，但是在原则上我不会妥协。
根据句意可知选项B符合题意。
2.单选题（） we continue to work hard, we can finish the task ahead of schedule.问题1选项A.As soon asB.As far asC.So long asD.So far as【答案】C【解析】考察固定搭配。
as soon as 一…就；as far as至于；so far as到目前为止； so long as “只要”，句意：我们只要继续努力工作，就能在计划之前完成工作。
选项C符合句意。
3.单选题I looked at Mum and thought（） she was as nice as she looked maybe all our lives would have been better.问题1选项A.only ifB.if onlyC.even ifD.even though【答案】B【解析】考察固定搭配。
only if只有；even if = even though即使；if only “要是……就”；句意为：我注视着母亲，心想：要是她像看上去那么和蔼可亲就好了，这样我们的生活也许会变得更好。
2023年广东省深圳市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)
2023年广东省深圳市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、1.Writing(10题)1. For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic "Rechoice of Professions—A Social Problem". You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.1. 下岗人员(laid-off personnel)面临一个严肃的问题：再就业。
2. 下岗人员要改变就业观念，树立坚强信心，重新就业。
3. 人们要关心、帮助下岗人员，克服困难，争取胜利。
2. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Good Manners You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 礼貌的含义2．礼貌对我们社会的重要意义3．我们应该怎么看待礼貌Good Manners3. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is It Necessary for a College Student to Own a Mobile Phone? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1．调查显示80%的大学生拥有手机2．你认为大学生需要手机吗?3．你的理由Is It Necessary for a College Student to Own a Mobile Phone?4. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Studying Abroad. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 当前出国留学的人数日益增多2. 留学的优势和劣势3. 你的看法5. 1. 电子课件在课堂教学中的应用非常广泛2．引起这种趋势的原冈及其影响3．我们应该如何应用Application of Course-ware as a Reform. in Class Teaching6. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Beijing Olympics V olunteers in My Eyes. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 奥运志愿者所需具备的素质2．为什么参加奥运志愿者活动3．志愿者工作需要付出，但值得一做Useful words and expressions:志愿者: volunteer (n./v.)申请: apply for, application (n.)招募: recruit (v.), recruitment (n.)7. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Why I Came to College. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 我为什么选择读大学;2. 现在读大学是否值得;3. 结论。
【2023年】山西省吕梁市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)
【2023年】山西省吕梁市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案) 学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、1.Writing(10题)1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Ability and Good Looks. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 老一辈常说，能力比相貌重要2. 如今很多人却认为相貌比有力重要3. 你的看法Ability and Good Looks2. How to Treat Our Aging Population1．中国已渐渐步入老龄化社会(65岁以上的老年人已占全国人口的7%) 2．我认为应如何对待老年人群(社会关爱与福利制度，家庭温暖，社区服务……)3．我的结论3. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on Remedial Examinations. You should write at least 150 words based on the outline given in Chinese below:1. 补考是大学教育的一部分2. 我对补考的看法3. 如何发挥补考的作用My Views on Remedial Examinations4. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Read Online Works or Printed Works. You should write at least 150 words following the outlines given below1. 有的人喜欢阅读网络作品；2．有的人喜欢阅读印刷作品；3．我的做法。
2023年暨南大学全国硕士真题706 外语(英)水平考试
2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题A卷******************************************************************************************** 招生专业与代码：英语语言文学（050201），外国语言学及应用语言学（050211）countries is their __________ foreign debts.A. reminiscentB. degenerativeC. mammothD. ethical10. It seems that all those subway tokens became_______ when New York started using magnetic cards instead.A. obsequiousB. obsoleteC. odiousD. ostensible11. They _______ their weekends in the suburb.A. nearly always spendB. nearly are always spendingC. spend nearly alwaysD. nearly always are spending12. However, people remained concerned about the high cost of food and other goods due to ______ inflation.A. radicalB. remorsefulC. rampantD. remunerated13. Doctors consider going to bed early to be more healthful __________.A. than to stay up lateB. than staying up lateC. to staying up lateD. than staying up late14. Several times a day in a lab in the Swedish city of Linköping, road accidents are______ and the consequences are analyzed.A. simulatedB. slanderedC. smearedD. snubbed15. Fear, whether due to a ________ work environment, jealous co-workers, or your personal insecurity, does not enhance performance.A. tipsyB. treacherousC. temporalD. tangible16. General Motors, once regarded as an E.V. leader among traditional carmakers, was _________track last year by a recall of its electric Bolt.A. kicked offB. turned offC. cut offD. knocked off17. The sphere was constructed from five concentric rings, each inscribed with ________ symbols—the bull, the scorpion, et cetera—and seemingly random numbers and letters.A. zephyrB. zodiacC. zymeD. zest18. The bullets rain over, they are not fired ____________, but shrewdly aimed from all sides.A. haphazardB. odiousC. haughtyD. handicapped19. __________ the financial means to remain independent, Thomas Edison was compelled to seek employment as a night telegraph operator.A. He was deprived ofB. Deprived ofC. That he was deprived ofD. Although he was deprived of20. Five minutes later, Zoe had me outfitted in a _______ flannel shirt and jeans three sizes too big, bright red sneakers, and a floppy rainbow hat.A. oozedB. raggedC. moppedD. mocked21. Soon, a sweet smoke ___________ through the air and into its nostrils.A. interceptedB. detestedC. saturatedD. wafted22. When Joe needs a tall ladder, he will borrow ____________.A. hi s neighbor ladderB. ladder of his neighbor’sC. that of his ne ighbor’sD. one from his neighbor23. Recognizing ill intentions and _______ motives in others can be difficult for us.A. ulteriorB. stationaryC. vulgarD. toxic24. The law also expanded the payments to families with low or no income, providing financial ______ for families, many still reeling from flood-related job losses.A. tornadoB. salvationC. delinquencyD. momentum25. The imagination is important, as it allows us to ______all kinds of possibilities in the future and to understand the past in a way that has real survival value.A. speak ofB. complain ofC. conceive ofD. approve of26. Securities and Exchange Commission's website has a warning that________ can use social m edia “to appear legitimate, to hide behind anonymity, and to reach many people at low cost.”A. splintersB. sponsorsC. swindlersD. successors27. Moderna, which has made billions of dollars from a COVID-19 vaccine based on messenger RNA technology, last week accused its main rival of ______ the company’s patents for a similar mRNA shot.A. wadingB. invokingC. mufflingD. infringing6. The main purpose of the passage is toA. present a problem with a current technology and highlight a potential solution.B. provide an overview of how clocks and satellites determine distance and location.。
高三英语学术研究方法创新不断单选题30题
高三英语学术研究方法创新不断单选题30题1.In academic research, a thorough literature review is ______ essential step.A.anB.aC.theD./答案：A。
本题考查冠词的用法。
“essential”是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用“an”。
“a”用于辅音音素开头的单词前；“the”表示特指；“/”即零冠词，此处需要一个不定冠词来表示“一个”的意思，且“essential”以元音音素开头，所以选“A”。
2.______ successful academic research requires careful planning and dedication.A.AB.AnC.TheD./答案：D。
本题考查零冠词的用法。
“successful academic research”在此处是泛指学术研究，不是特指某一项学术研究，也不是可数名词单数需用不定冠词修饰的情况，所以用零冠词“/”。
3.At the heart of academic research is ______ pursuit of knowledge.A.aC.theD./答案：C。
本题考查定冠词的用法。
“the pursuit of knowledge”表示“对知识的追求”，是特指的概念，所以用“the”。
4.Researchers need ______ accurate data to draw valid conclusions.A.anB.aC.theD./答案：D。
本题考查零冠词的用法。
“data”在此处是不可数名词，且不是特指某一特定的数据，所以用零冠词“/”。
5.______ innovation is crucial in academic research.A.AnB.AC.TheD./答案：D。
本题考查零冠词的用法。
“innovation”在此处是泛指创新，不是特指某一个创新，也不是可数名词单数需用不定冠词修饰的情况，所以用零冠词“/”。
高中英语语言学理论与语言教学单选题80题
高中英语语言学理论与语言教学单选题80题1.Which of the following is an example of phonetics?A.The study of sentence structure.B.The study of word formation.C.The study of speech sounds.D.The study of language meaning.答案：C。
解析：选项A 是对句子结构的研究，属于句法（syntax），不是语音学 phonetics）；选项 B 是对构词法的研究，属于形态学morphology），不是语音学；选项C 是对语音的研究，属于语音学；选项D 是对语言意义的研究，属于语义学（semantics），不是语音学。
2.Which of the following is a morpheme?A.Cat.B.Cats.C.Catty.D.All of the above.答案：D。
解析：选项A“cat”是一个自由词素（free morpheme）；选项B“cats”由“cat”和表示复数的词素“s”组成；选项C“catty”由“cat”和表示“爱搬弄是非的”的词素“-y”组成。
所以三个选项都是词素morpheme）。
3.What is the function of syntax?A.To study language meaning.B.To study word formation.C.To study speech sounds.D.To study sentence structure.答案：D。
解析：选项 A 是语义学（semantics）的功能；选项B 是形态学（morphology）的功能；选项C 是语音学（phonetics）的功能；选项D 是句法 syntax）的功能，即研究句子结构。
4.Which of the following is an example of semantics?A.The study of how words are combined to form sentences.B.The study of the relationship between language and society.C.The study of language meaning.D.The study of speech sounds.答案：C。
2021_2022学年新教材高中英语Unit6Nurturingnature单元素养提升含解析外研版
单元素养提升(六) Unit 6Ⅰ. 根据句意或提示填入合适的单词1. He was in a disturbed(disturb) state of mind after learning this, so you’d better not disturb him.2. Our motherland is taking measures to promote the development of Hainan, whose scenery(scene) is beautiful beyond description.3. The last five years have seen a consistent improvement in the country’s economy(economic).4. All the other things are negotiable(negotiate) but the boundary issue.5. When searching for jobs, I am often asked what my highest education qualification(qualify) is?6. What made us annoyed was that they inserted an advertisement(advertise) in the newspaper without permission.7. In addition, wetland soils are known for methane emission(排放), a greenhouse gas.8. She wears a dress with delicate(精美的) lace, which drew much attention from the whole class.9. It is a good message that most candidates(选手) passed in grammar.10. The cathedral is a fantastic modern construction(建筑), which is an attraction to all the tourists.Ⅱ. 完成句子1. Don’t worry, dear, I believe there is one day when you catch another person’s eyes and she will follow you then.别担心, 亲爱的, 我相信有一天你会吸引某个人的目光, 然后她会随你而去。
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临床与病理杂志J Clin Pathol Res2016, 36(11) 1816激光辅助超声引导下经皮肾穿刺的初步研究葛劲超1，曹炀2，夏磊2，陈奇2，薛蔚2(1. 苏州市立医院北区泌尿外科，江苏 苏州 215008；2. 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院泌尿科，上海 200127)[摘 要] 目的：在进行经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy ，PCNL)中，临床上可以通过X 线定位以及超声定位两种方法来建立碎石的通道。
然而，通过X 线定位的方法不可避免地产生射线暴露。
而通过传统的超声定位的方法可以避免射线的暴露，可困难在于，徒手操作很难将整个针道完整的可视化。
这就带来了一系列的问题：如内脏的损伤，目标盏的丢失以及出血的隐患。
我们这次研究的目的就是，评估利用激光辅助下超声引导经皮肾穿刺解决上述问题的可能性。
方法：回顾2015年5月至2016年3月，我科24例病人行激光辅助下超声引导经皮肾穿刺取石术(激光组)。
在建立经皮通道阶段，利用激光光束与穿刺平面的重叠，进而激光光束的偏移间接反映针道的偏移，并做相应调整，从而将针道在超声图像上完全做到可视化，顺利建立通道。
并与24例同期运用传统徒手穿刺行经皮肾镜的病人(徒手组)进行临床数据对比。
结果：激光组24例病人中，22例患者在首次激光辅助下穿刺中，针道顺利在超声中显影，从而顺利进入目标盏。
另外2例穿刺中，穿刺通过在经过激光光束的纠正后，B 超下显示进入目标盏。
较之徒手组(16/8)有所改善。
激光组穿刺时间显著短于徒手组。
结论：激光辅助下超声引导经皮肾穿刺是一种改良的建立通道技术。
利用激光光束与穿刺针、超声平面的重叠，在早期就能够纠正针道的方向，减少穿刺针数，缩短穿刺时间。
激光辅助下超声引导经皮肾穿刺是PCNL 术中一项安全有效的穿刺辅助方法。
[关键词] 超声引导肾穿刺；经皮肾镜取石术；激光A preliminary study on the ultrasound guidance assistedwith laser in percutaneous nephrolithotomyGE Jingchao 1, CAO Yang 2, XIA Lei 2, CHEN Qi 2, XUE Wei 2(1. Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou Jiangsu 215008; 2. Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China)Abstract Objective: In a general way, both X-ray fluoroscopy and ultrasound (US) are used for guiding access creation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). However, the use of X-ray inevitably incurs radiation exposure, not only for patients but also for doctors. Conventional US guidance, being radiation free, can serve the purpose, but it is difficult to visualize the needle tract during screening. It causes following problems: visceral injure, miss of target calix and severe hemorrhage. This study evaluated the feasibility of using US guidance assisted with laser to solve the above problems. Methods: From May 2015 to March 2016, we performed PCNL on 24 patients with收稿日期(Date of reception)：2016–07–30通信作者(Corresponding author)：夏磊，Email: robinfog@doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2016.11.025View this article at: /10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2016.11.025激光辅助超声引导下经皮肾穿刺的初步研究葛劲超，等1817建立起皮肤与肾盏的通道是经皮肾穿刺取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy，PCNL)的基础。
超声引导下经皮肾穿刺不但没有辐射，而且高效经济，缩短手术时间。
与X线下造影，进而建立通道相比，它能够减少射线暴露时间；实时地显示集合系统；发现透光结石；避免邻近内脏的损伤；很好地区分前盏以及后盏等优点[1]。
但是，所有的这一切优点均建立在熟练者身上[2-6]。
对于初学者来说，或者对于某些穿刺角度困难的情况来说，无论是初学者还是熟练者，超声引导下穿刺就变得较为困难。
若没有很好的辅助设施，针道在运行过程很容易发生偏差，导致穿刺失败。
我们研究的目的在于评估，评估利用激光辅助下超声引导经皮肾穿刺解决上述问题的可能性。
1资料与方法1.1临床资料回顾2015年5月至2016年3月，我科24例行激光辅助下超声引导经皮肾穿刺取石术的病例(激光组)。
并与24例同期运用传统徒手穿刺行经皮肾镜的病例(徒手组)进行临床数据对比。
两组手术均经医院伦理委员会批准，患者及其家属知情同意。
两组病例均由同一位具备丰富经皮肾镜手术经验的术者完成。
患者的临床资料，如性别组成、年龄、结石大小、肾积水程度均无显著差异，详见表1。
本组手术均经医院伦理委员会批准，患者及其家属知情同意。
两组手术适应证及禁忌证同常规PCNL。
术中采用丹麦BK Medical超声机器。
超声机器连接的为丹麦BK Medical超声凸阵超声探头、穿刺针为康鸽16G静脉留置针(Ⅰ型)、扩张套件为舒贝康S-18Fr ×16.5 cm，使用Fr8、Fr10、Fr16、Fr18扩张鞘。
激光组：穿刺过程中使用的辅助激光为输出光束为650 nm一字型红色激光。
尺寸为12 mm × 35 mm，接3~5 V直流电池驱动，激光光束宽度调节为0.5 mm。
在手术之前，超声探头尾部贴医用胶布，使激光束与探头声束扇形平面重叠。
热熔胶固定激光头于胶布上(图1)。
通过这种方式，激光光束在穿刺面上形成红色的光束面，并投影在穿刺针上，引导穿刺(图2-3)。
1.2方法手术均采用全身麻醉，患侧输尿管插管。
后取俯卧位，患者腹部抬高，消毒铺巾，贴一次性防水保护膜。
带有激光头的超声探头涂抹超声耦合剂后外套一次性医用保护套，术中以安尔碘作为耦合剂。
打开激光，在11肋间或12肋缘下、肩胛下角线至腋后线范围内确定穿刺目标肾盏，16G穿刺针与激光重叠，调节穿刺针前后角度，在超声监视下进入目标肾盏。
拔出针芯，依次置入套件内导丝，按照穿刺针深度，依次扩张，最后置入Fr18带Peel-away薄鞘扩张器，退出扩张器，留置Peel-away薄鞘，输尿管镜证实通道建立，再进一步行碎石治疗。
在实际操作中需要注意的是：首先，刺入点的位置位于激光光束形成的光束面上，与超声探头的距离可以根据实际需要变化。
其次，为保证进针路线位于超声探头形成的扇形切面上，根据光束，穿刺针以及穿刺针后的阴影，三者调节。
最终，使得上述三者均位于超声形成的二维平面上。
进而形成超声平面上形成完整针道，顺利进针，直视下针头进入目标肾盏。
徒手组单纯使用同款超声凸阵探头进行引导穿刺，如超声影像中穿刺针的显示不清，则拔出穿刺针、调整穿刺针方向后再次进针，直至穿刺针可清晰显示，最终完成穿刺；建立工作通道，碎石、取石操作与激光组相同。
2周后复查KUB，判断有无结石残留(>2 mm)。
US guidance assisted with laser (group 1). The procedure was done with US and laser. Using the overlap of laserbeam, US plate and puncture needle, laser beam’s offset reflecting the way of needle migration, visualizing theneedle pathway on ultrasound images, helped establishing puncture channel. And the clinical data of 24 patientsperformed with free-hand US guidance (group 2) by the same surgeon in the same period were compared withthose of group 1. Results: The 22 patients in group 1, 91.7% (22/24) of cases had their punctures effectivelydone with a single attempt. The whole needle pathways were visualized. The other two needle pathways wereimmediately adjusted by deviation of laser beam. Respectively 66.7% (16/24) in group 2. The puncture time ingroup 1 was significantly shorter than that in group 2. Conclusion: US guidance assisted with laser can provideradiation-free guidance for renal access creation in PCNL. The technique is safe and effective.Keywords ultrasound guided renal access; percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL); laser临床与病理杂志, 2016, 36(11) 18182 结果临床结果详见表1，两组48例均行一期碎石，激光组的穿刺时间为(1.8±0.10) min ，明显短于徒手组；激光组的单次穿刺成功率高于徒手组、而手术时间低于徒手组，但上述二项指标均无显著差异，可能是因为术者为经验丰富的医师，已具备较高的徒手穿刺成功率；而PCNL 手术的环节较多，单纯缩短穿刺时间，并不能对总的手术时间造成太大影响。