Spike Sorting From Wikipedia
Pub Talk and The King's English 英译中(译文)
酒吧的谈论和国王的英语人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。
动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。
闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。
它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。
要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。
闲聊不是为了进行争论。
闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。
也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。
或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。
他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。
他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。
有一天晚上的情形正是这样。
人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。
谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。
可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。
我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
“几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。
”此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。
有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。
最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。
于是，问题便解决了。
人教版高一上学期期中英语试题及解答参考
人教版英语高一上学期期中模拟试题及解答参考一、听力第一节（本大题有5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1、What is the weather like today?A. It’s sunny.B. It’s cloudy.C. It’s rainy.Answer: AExplanation: The question asks about the weather today. The correct answer is “It’s sunny,” which is option A.2、 How does the man feel about the new movie?A. Excited.B. Bored.C. Uninterested.Answer: AExplanation: The man expresses his feelings about the new movie. The correct answer is that he is “excited,” which is option A.3、- Dialogue: Woman: Can you tell me where the nearest post office is? Man: Sure, go straight ahead until you reach the traffic lights, then turn left. It’s just next to the supermarket.•Question: Where is the post office located?•Options:A. Next to the bank.B. Across from the supermarket.C. Next to the supermarket.D. Behind the traffic lights.•Answer: C. Next to the supermarket.•Explanation: The man clearly indicates that the post office is located next to the supermarket after giving directions to go straight and turn left at the traffic lights.4、- Dialogue: Man: Excuse me, does this bus go to the train station? Woman: No, you’ll need to take the number 7 bus. This one is the number 12, which goes to the airport.•Question: Which bus should the man take to get to the train station?•Options:A. Number 12 bus.B. Number 7 bus.C. Any bus from here.D. The airport shuttle.•Answer: B. Number 7 bus.•Explanation: The woman informs the man that he needs to take the number7 bus to get to the train station, as the number 12 bus, which is the onethey are discussing, goes to the airport instead.5、You will hear a short conversation between two students. After that, you will hear five questions about the conversation. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to eachquestion.Question 5: How much money does the student need to borrow from the bank?A.$200B.$300C.$400D.$500Answer: B.$300Explanation: In the conversation, the student says, “I need to borrow$300 to buy a new laptop.” Therefore, the correct answer is B.$300.二、听力第二节（本大题有15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分）1、Listen to the following conversation and choose the best answer to the question you hear.A. The man is looking for a bookshop.B. The woman is a librarian.C. The man is borrowing a book.D. The woman is suggesting a place to eat.Answer: CExplanation: The man says, “Excuse me, could you help me find this book?” and the woman responds, “Certainly, I’ll show you where it is,” indicating that the man is borrowing a book.2、 Listen to the following dialogue and complete the sentence with themissing word you hear.W: I really enjoyed your presentation at the conference last week. It was very informative.M: Thank you. I’m glad you found it helpful. By the way, are you going to the workshop on “Advanced Data Analysis” this afternoon?W: Yes, I am. I think it will be beneficial for my research.M: That’s great. We can discuss some of the methods we’ve used in our project.Answer: beneficialExplanation: The woman says, “I think it will be beneficial for my research,” which completes the sentence with the missing word “beneficial.”3.You hear a conversation between two students in the library.A. The student is looking for a quiet place to study.B. The student is borrowing a book.C. The student is asking for help with a project.D. The student is inquiring about the library rules.Answer: AExplanation: The student is asking for a quiet place to study, as indicated by the words “I was wondering if you could recommend a quiet spot in the library?”4.You hear a radio report about a local event.A. The event is a charity run to raise funds for a community center.B. The event is a music festival featuring local bands.C. The event is a food fair showcasing international cuisine.D. The event is a sports competition between neighboring schools.Answer: AExplanation: The radio report mentions “this Saturday’s charity run” and “supporting the new community center,” which indicates that the event is a charity run.5.You will hear a short conversation between two friends, Tom and Alice. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the following question.Question: What are Tom and Alice mainly discussing?A. Their school lifeB. A recent movie they watchedC. Their upcoming vacationD. Their favorite sports activitiesAnswer: BExplanation: The conversation starts with Tom asking Alice if she has watched the latest movie, which indicates that they are discussing a recent movie they watched together. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.6.You will hear a passage about the importance of exercise. Listen carefully and answer the following question.Question: According to the passage, which of the following benefits of exercise is NOT mentioned?A. Reduces stressB. Improves sleep qualityC. Enhances brain functionD. Boosts immune systemAnswer: BExplanation: The passage mentions the benefits of exercise such as reducing stress, enhancing brain function, and boosting the immune system. However, it does not mention the improvement of sleep quality as a benefit of exercise. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.7.Listen to the following dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.A. They are going to the library.B. They are going to the cinema.C. They are going to the park.D. They are going to the shopping mall.Answer: BExplanation: The first speaker mentions they want to see a movie, and the second speaker agrees and suggests going to the cinema. Therefore, the correct answer is B.8.Listen to the following passage and answer the question you hear. Question: What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To inform about a new restaurant opening.B. To discuss the benefits of a healthy lifestyle.C. To review a recent sports event.D. To introduce a new study about sleep.Answer: DExplanation: The passage starts by stating the importance of sleep and then goes on to introduce a recent study that has found new insights about sleep. The main purpose is to inform the listener about this new study, so the correct answer is D.9.You hear a conversation between two students discussing a school event.A. They are planning to attend a school dance.B. They are discussing the upcoming sports day.C. They are talking about a school trip to the museum.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation includes references to running races, physical fitness, and teamwork, which are typical themes of a sports day event. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as they are discussing the upcoming sports day.10.You hear a radio announcement about a local charity event.A. The event is a charity concert to raise funds for a local hospital.B. The event is a charity auction to support a children’s shelter.C. The event is a charity walk to promote awareness of cancer.Answer: CExplanation: The radio announcement mentions a “charity walk” and includes details about participants raising money and awareness for a specific cause.The mention of walking and raising funds for cancer awareness makes C the correct answer, as the event is a charity walk.11.You will hear a conversation between two friends. Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the question.Question: What is the woman planning to do after the conversation?A. Go to the gym.B. Study for her math test.C. Attend a party.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the woman mentions that she has a math test on Friday and needs to study. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.12.You will hear a short passage about the importance of exercise. Listen to the passage and answer the following question.Question: What is the main idea of the passage?A. Exercise is good for physical health.B. Exercise can help improve concentration.C. Exercise is essential for a balanced lifestyle.Answer: AExplanation: The passage primarily focuses on the benefits of exercise for physical health, such as reducing the risk of chronic diseases and improving cardiovascular health. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.13.You hear a conversation between two students discussing a school project.Listen and answer the question.Question: What are the students planning to do for their project?A. Perform a play.B. Write a report.C. Organize a sports event.D. Conduct a survey.Answer: B. Write a report.Explanation: The students mention that they need to collect data and analyze it for their project, which suggests they are planning to write a report.14.You hear a dialogue between a teacher and a student about an upcoming science fair. Listen and answer the question.Question: What does the student need help with for the science fair?A. Choosing a topic.B. Preparing the experiment.C. Writing a presentation.D. Finding a partner.Answer: C. Writing a presentation.Explanation: The student expresses concern about being able to clearly explain their project in a presentation, indicating that they need help with writing the presentation.15.A) He is 17 years old.B) She is 17 years old.C) They are 17 years old.D) He and she are 17 years old.Answer: A) He is 17 years old.Explanation: The conversation mentions “How old are you?” and the response is “I am 17.” Therefore, the correct answer is A) He is 17 years old.三、阅读第一节（第1题7.5分，其余每题10分，总37.5分）第一题Reading PassageIn the small coastal town of Seabreeze, there was once a young man named Tom. Tom had always been fascinated by the ocean and its mysteries. One day, he decided to take up scuba diving, a hobby that allowed him to explore the depths of the sea. As he dove deeper and deeper, Tom discovered a hidden world of colorful fish, exotic plants, and breathtaking coral reefs.However, Tom soon realized that this beautiful underwater world was under threat. Plastic pollution was causing significant damage to the marine ecosystem. He decided to take action and started an initiative to clean up the coastal area. With the help of his friends and local volunteers, they organized clean-up drives, collected trash from the beaches, and educated the community about the importance of taking care of the environment.Word soo n spread about Tom’s efforts, and he received support from local businesses and government agencies. Together, they implemented programs toreduce plastic usage and promote sustainable practices. As a result, the marine ecosystem began to recover, and the once-damaged coral reefs started to flourish again.Tom’s story inspired many others to take action and protect the environment. He became a symbol of hope and determination, proving that even a single person could make a difference.Questions:1、What hobby did Tom take up to explore the depths of the sea?A. FishingB. Scuba divingC. SnorkelingD. Surfing2、What issue did Tom discover while diving?A. OverfishingB. Climate changeC. Plastic pollutionD. Water pollution3、What did Tom do to clean up the coastal area?A. He planted trees along the beach.B. He organized clean-up drives and educated the community.C. He built a wall to protect the beaches from erosion.D. He started a recycling program.4、What was the resul t of Tom’s efforts?A. The marine ecosystem continued to decline.B. The coral reefs remained damaged.C. The community became more aware of environmental issues.D. The town’s economy suffered due to the pollution.Answers:1、B2、C3、B4、CSecond Question: Reading Comprehension Section 1Passage:On the morning of November 9, 1929, millions of people across the United States awoke to a shock. The stock market had crashed, and the Great Depression was about to begin. The crash was caused by a combination of factors, including speculation, overproduction, and a lack of regulation. As a result, banks failed, people lost their jobs, and the economy spiraled into a deep recession.The Great Depression lasted for a decade, from 1929 to 1939. During this time, unemployment rates soared, and many families were forced to live in makeshift shelters known as “Hoovervilles,” named after President Herbert Hoover, who was seen as ineffective in dealing with the crisis. Despite the hardships, the Depression also led to some positive changes, such as thedevelopment of new social welfare programs and the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who implemented the New Deal to help the economy recover.1、The Great Depression began in the year:A)1928B)1929C)1930D)19312、Which of the following factors did NOT contribute to the stock market crash of 1929?A)SpeculationB)OverproductionC)Excessive regulationD)Lack of regulation3、What was a “Hooverville”?A) A luxurious resort for the wealthyB) A government-built housing projectC) A makeshift shelter for the unemployedD) A school for orphans4、Which president is mentioned as being seen as ineffective in dealing with the Great Depression?A)Franklin D. RooseveltB)Herbert HooverC)John F. KennedyD)Lyndon B. JohnsonAnswers:1、B) 19292、C) Excessive regulation3、C) A makeshift shelter for the unemployed4、B) Herbert Hoover第三题Reading Passage:The following is an excerpt from a book about the history of technology. It discusses the invention of the printing press.In the mid-15th century, Johannes Gutenberg, a German goldsmith, made a revolutionary change to the world of publishing. He invented the printing press, which drastically altered the way books were produced and distributed. Before the printing press, books were copied by hand, a time-consuming and expensive process. The invention of the printing press allowed for the mass production of books, leading to an explosion in literacy and the spread of knowledge.Gutenberg’s printing press used movable type, which could be reused and rearranged to create different texts. This made the process of printing much faster and more efficient. The first book to be printed using this method was the Bible, which was completed in 1455. The widespread availability of the Bible and other religious texts led to a significant increase in religious literacy among the common people.The printing press also had a profound impact on the spread of science andtechnology. It allowed scientists to share their discoveries more quickly and widely, which accelerated the pace of innovation. The printing press was instrumental in the Renaissance, a period of great cultural and intellectual growth in Europe.1、What was the main impact of Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press?A、It increased the cost of book production.B、It made books more expensive for the general public.C、It significantly changed the way books were produced and distributed.D、It decreased the literacy rate among the common people.答案：C2、How did the printing press affect the production of books?A、It made books more difficult to produce.B、It required more manual labor to produce books.C、It allowed for the mass production of books.D、It made books more expensive to produce.答案：C3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of the printing press?A、An increase in religious literacy.B、The spread of science and technology.C、The decline of the Renaissance.D、A faster pace of innovation.答案：C4、What was the first book printed using Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press?A、The QuranB、The Declaration of IndependenceC、The Gutenberg BibleD、The Magna Carta答案：C第四题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The Rise of Social MediaIn the last decade, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. From Facebook to Twitter, Instagram to LinkedIn, these platforms have revolutionized the way we communicate, share information, and stay connected with others. The following article explores the impact of social media on society, its benefits, and its potential drawbacks.The Impact of Social Media on SocietySocial media has had a profound impact on society. It has made it easier for people to stay in touch with friends and family, regardless of geographical distance. This has led to a more interconnected world where cultural exchange and understanding are more accessible than ever before. However, thisinterconnectedness also brings challenges, such as the spread of misinformation and cyberbullying.1、What is one of the main benefits of social media mentioned in the passage?A)The ability to spread misinformation.B)Staying in touch with friends and family.C)The rise of cyberbullying.D)The decline of face-to-face communication.Answer: B)2、According to the passage, what is one of the challenges brought by social media?A)Improved cultural exchange.B)The spread of misinformation.C)Increased face-to-face communication.D)Enhanced privacy.Answer: B)3、The passage suggests that social media has led to a more___________world.A)isolatedB)interconnectedC)privateD)competitiveAnswer: B)4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential drawback of social media in the passage?A)The spread of misinformation.B)Improved cultural exchange.C)Cyberbullying.D)The decline of traditional media.Answer: B)四、阅读第二节（12.5分）Reading SectionPassage:The rise of the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn. With just a few clicks, we can connect with people from all over the world, access vast amounts of information, and even complete tasks from the comfort of our homes. One of the most significant impacts of the Internet is on education. Online learning platforms have become increasingly popular, allowing students to attend virtual classes, access educational resources, and interact with teachers and peers from any location. This essay discusses the advantages and disadvantages of online learning.Advantages of Online Learning:1.Flexibility: Online learning offers students the flexibility to study at their own pace and schedule. This is particularly beneficial for working adults and students with family commitments.2.Access to a wide range of resources: Online learning platforms provideaccess to a vast array of educational materials, including videos, textbooks, and interactive modules, which can enhance the learning experience.3.Cost-effective: Online courses are often more affordable than traditional classroom-based courses, making education accessible to a broader audience.Disadvantages of Online Learning:ck of face-to-face interaction: One of the main drawbacks of online learning is the absence of face-to-face interaction, which can hinder the development of social skills and collaboration.2.Limited support: Online students may find it challenging to receive adequate support from teachers and peers, as they lack the physical presence and direct communication that traditional classrooms offer.3.Self-discipline and motivation: Online learning requires a high level of self-discipline and motivation, as students are responsible for managing their time and staying on track.Questions:1.What is one of the advantages of online learning mentioned in the passage?A. It is more expensive than traditional education.B. It offers students the flexibility to study at their own pace and schedule.C. It is less flexible than traditional education.D. It requires less self-discipline and motivation.2.According to the passage, what is a potential disadvantage of online learning?A. It provides access to a wide range of resources.B. It offers face-to-face interaction with teachers and peers.C. It lacks the physical presence and direct communication of traditional classrooms.D. It is more affordable than traditional education.3.Why might online learning be beneficial for working adults?A. It requires less self-discipline and motivation.B. It lacks the physical presence and direct communication of traditional classrooms.C. It offers flexibility to study at their own pace and schedule.D. It is more expensive than traditional education.4.The passage states that online learning platforms provide access to a vast array of educational materials. What type of material is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. VideosB. TextbooksC. Interactive modulesD. Podcasts5.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To promote online learning.B. To criticize the traditional education system.C. To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online learning.D. To encourage students to attend virtual classes.Answers:1.B2.C3.C4.D5.C五、语言运用第一节 _ 完形填空（15分）Title: People’s Education Edition English First Semester Grade 10 Mid-term Exam -Section Five: Language Application - Part I: Cloze TestPassage:The rise of technology has dramatically changed the way we live and work. In the past, communication was limited to face-to-face interactions or letters. Now, with the advent of the internet and social media, we can connect with people across the globe in an instant. This rapid change has both positive and negative impacts.The positive aspects of technology are undeniable. It has made information more accessible, allowing us to learn new skills and stay updated with the latest news. It has also revolutionized the way businesses operate, increasing efficiency and productivity. However, there are also negative consequences.One of the major concerns is the impact on our social lives. Spending toomuch time online can lead to social isolation, as people may prefer virtual interactions to real-life ones. Additionally, the constant exposure to social media can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.Another issue is the potential for online fraud and cybercrimes. With so much personal information being shared online, individuals are at a higher risk of falling victim to scams and identity theft.Despite these challenges, many argue that the benefits of technology far outweigh the drawbacks. They believe that with proper education and awareness, we can navigate the digital world safely and responsibly.Here is an example of how technology has transformed our daily lives:munication: Before the internet, if you wanted to talk to someone in another country, you would have to wait days for a letter to arrive. Now, you can have a video call with them in a matter of minutes.cation: Online courses and e-learning platforms have made education more flexible and accessible. Students can learn at their own pace and from the comfort of their homes.3.Health: Telemedicine has become increasingly popular, allowing patients to consult with doctors remotely and receive treatment without leaving their homes.4.Environment: Technology has enabled us to monitor and control energy consumption more efficiently, reducing our carbon footprint.5.Business: E-commerce has opened up new markets and made it possible for businesses to reach a global audience.Now, read the following passage and choose the best option to complete each sentence.Questions:1.The rise of technology has had a significant impact on our __________.a) educationb) economyc) social livesd) environment2.One of the positive aspects of technology is that it has made __________.a) communication slowerb) information less accessiblec) learning more difficultd) news harder to find3.Spending too much time online can lead to __________.a) increased productivityb) improved communicationc) social isolationd) better health4.Online fraud and cybercrimes are more prevalent due to __________.a) the decrease in personal information shared onlineb) the increase in social media usagec) the elimination of technology in our livesd) the rise of e-commerce5.Many argue that the benefits of technology__________the drawbacks.a) outweighb) ignorec) complementd) emphasize6.The internet has made it possible to have a__________with someone in another country in a matter of minutes.a) letterb) phone callc) video calld) text message7.Online courses have made education __________.a) more expensiveb) less flexiblec) more accessibled) less effective8.Telemedicine has become popular because it allows patients to __________.a) travel to see doctorsb) consult with doctors remotelyc) rely on traditional medicined) avoid doctors altogether9.Technology has helped us to__________energy consumption.a) increaseb) decreasec) monitord) ignore10.E-commerce has enabled businesses to __________.a) reduce their marketsb) reach a global audiencec) focus on local customersd) eliminate physical storesAnswers:1.c) social lives2.c) information more accessible3.c) social isolation4.b) increase in social media usage5.a) outweigh6.c) video call7.c) more accessible8.b) consult with doctors remotely9.b) decrease10.b) reach a global audience六、语言运用第二节 _ 语法填空（15分）Grammar Fill-in-the-BlankDirections: Read the passage carefully. For each blank, choose the most appropriate word or phrase from the options given below to complete the passage. There are 10 blanks in total.Passage:“The importance of environmental conservation has become increasingly evident over recent years. With global warming and pollution causing severe damage to our planet, it is now more crucial than ever that we take action to protect our natural world. Many people believe that individuals can make a significant difference by making small changes in their daily lives, such as recycling waste, using public transport, and reducing energy consumption. Others argue that real change must come from government policies and corporate responsibility. Both viewpoints have merit, but one thing is clear: everyone has a role to play in preserving Earth’s resources for future generations.”Questions:1.The importance of environmental conservation has become increasingly evident (blank1) recent years.•Options: A) at, B) in, C) over, D) during2.With global warming and pollution causing severe damage (blank2) our planet…•Options: A) on, B) to, C) at, D) with3….it is now more crucial than ever that we take action (blank3) protect our naturalworld.•Options: A) to, B) for, C) in order, D) so as4.Many people believe that individuals can make a significant difference (blank4) making small changes…•Options: A) through, B) by, C) via, D) with5….such as recycling waste, using public transport, and reducing energy (blank5).•Options: A) use, B) consume, C) consumption, D) usage6.Others argue that real change must (blank6) from government policies and corporate responsibility.•Options: A) come, B) comes, C) coming, D) came7.Both viewpoints have (blank7), but one thing is clear…•Options: A) value, B) merit, C) worth, D) significance8….everyone has a role (blank8) play in preserving Earth’s resources…•Options: A) for, B) of, C) to, D) in9….for future (blank9).•Options: A) generation, B) generations, C) generation’s, D) generations’10.Everyone has a role to play in preserving Earth’s resources for future generations.•This sentence is correct and does not require any changes.Now let’s provide the answers for these blanks based on standard English grammar and usage.Here are the correct answers for the grammar fill-in-the-blank exercise:1.Over recent years. - Option C2.Causing severe damage to our planet… - Option B3.Take action to protect our natural world. - Option A。
填空题翻译
Exercise 11. 起初，我被她严肃的样子吓到了；但是当我更深入的了解她之后，我发觉她是非常（搞笑的）。
【如果不是为了做题，我认为可译为“她的笑点很低”】2. 新生婴儿既不是一个被动形体，也不是主动形体，而是一个可以被称作主动（接受）的形体，热切注意着外界的情景和声音。
3. 武器运输（停顿）带来的喘息之机给作战各方一个机会去重新评估自己的处境。
4. 重组DNA实验的倡议者决定（支持）联邦政府监管他们的工作，他们希望通过这样的妥协，能够预先阻止拟定中的来自州政府和地方政府的可能更为严格的控制。
5. 即使那些不同意卡门观点的人也很少因为她把观点表达出来而诟病她，因为她的观点不仅是有争议的，而且是（经过缜密思考的）。
6. 在目前变暖的趋势超出了正常气候的波动范围之前，科学家将会对于大气中二氧化碳含量的增加导致长期气温上升效应的可能性存在相当程度的（不确定性）。
【until单独出现与before意思一样。
】7. 目前数据表明，尽管在恐惧和攻击之间存在（过渡）状态，但恐惧和攻击无论在生理上还是心理上都是截然不同的。
8. 尽管伊冯·雷娜1974年的电影有女权主义的内涵，但这部电影要（早于）电影的制作人参与到女权政治运动中。
【feminist: adj. Of or relating to feminism [AHD]】9. 他们的忠诚对象的（次序），首先是对自己，其次是亲属，然后是本部落成员，最后是全体同胞。
10. 根除污染不仅仅是一个（美学）问题，尽管大自然宏伟的美确实是一个很重要的考虑因素。
Exercise 21. 该公司只期待其销售额在明年有一个（适度的）增长，尽管为恢复其零售业务，已做出了为期一年的努力。
2. 托马斯·佩恩，他的政治著作通常很华丽，在私生活方面，他却惊人的（简朴）：住着租来的房子，吃得很少，穿着朴素的衣服。
3. 暴露在低强度的伽马射线下可以减缓食物中腐败微生物的生长速率，与此作用方式大致相同的是，巴氏消毒法中的低热（抑制了）牛奶中微生物的腐败作用。
当代研究生英语 第七单元 B课文翻译
价格的利润生物公司正在吞噬可改变动物DNA序列的所有专利。
这是对阻碍医学研究发展的一种冲击。
木匠认为他们的贸易工具是理所当然的。
他们买木材和锤子后，他们可以使用木材和锤子去制作任何他们所选择的东西。
多年之后来自木材厂和工具储藏室的人并没有任何进展，也没有索要利润份额。
对于那些打造明日药物的科学家们来说，这种独立性是一种罕见的奢侈品。
发展或是发现这些生物技术贸易中的工具和稀有材料的公司，对那些其他也用这些工具和材料的人进行了严格的监控。
这些工具包括关键基因的DNA序列，人类、动物植物和一些病毒的基因的部分片段，例如，HIV,克隆细胞，酶，删除基因和用于快速扫描DNA样品的DNA 芯片。
为了将他们这些关键的资源得到手，医学研究人员进场不得不签署协议，这些协议可以制约他们如何使用这些资源或是保证发现这些的公司可以得到最终结果中的部分利益。
许多学者称这抑制了了解和治愈疾病的进程。
这些建议使Harold得到了警示，Harold是华盛顿附近的美国国家卫生研究院的院长，在同年早期，他建立了一个工作小组去调查此事。
由于他的提早的调查，下个月出就能发布初步的报告。
来自安阿伯密歇根大学的法律教授，该工作组的主席Rebecea Eisenberg说，她们的工作组已经听到了好多研究者的抱怨，在它们中有一份由美国联合大学技术管理组提交的重量级的卷宗。
为了帮助收集证据，NIH建立了一个网站，在这个网站上研究者们可以匿名举报一些案件，这些案件他们相信他们的工作已经被这些限制性许可证严重阻碍了。
迫使研究人员在出版之前需要将他们的手稿展示给公司的这一保密条款和协议是投诉中最常见的原因之一。
另一个问题是一些公司坚持保有自动许可证的权利，该许可证是有关利用他们物质所生产的任何未来将被发现的产品，并且这些赋予他们对任何利用他们的工具所赚取的利润的支配权利的条款也有保有的权利。
Eisenberg说：“如果你不得不签署了许多这样的条款的话，那真的是一个大麻烦”。
高一英语阅读理解强化训练Day 4
高一英语阅读理解强化训练Day 4Passage 1Wikipedia(维基百科) is a non-profit website funded by donations(捐赠), started on 15th January, 2001. "Wiki" means "quick" in the Hawaiian language. These days, most people go straight to Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia(百科), to look something up. But how reliable is it?The site attracts 78 million visitors every month, and it is available(可用的) in more than 270 different languages. It's one of the most comprehensive(综合的) resources available, and it's got much more information than an ordinary encyclopedia. The site is updated on a daily basis by thousands of people around the world. Anyone with an Internet connection can look through and edit the contents or add a new page at any time. And you don't need any formal training.Of course, there are some controls. Wikipedia has a team of more than 1, 500 administrators who check for false information. And main targets for horrible comments (such as politicians) are forbidden to public editing. But with more than 16 million articles to keep an eye on, it isn't easy. So, while Wikipedia is constantly updated with information from all over the world, it's also open to "vandals ".Some of the damage is easy to notice. Someone drew a moustache(胡子) on Microsoft chairman Bill Gates' photo. But other things are harder to spot. The most common form of vandalism involves adding tiny items of false information into the biography(自传) of a famous person. Unbelievably, some of this misinformation has appeared in newspapers, with The Daily Mail, The Guardian and The Independent allhaving fallen victim(受害者) to the tricks. For example, in an obituary(讣告) for British comedian Sir Norman Wisdom, one newspaper claimed that he co-wrote Dame Vera Lynn's wartime song "There'll be Bluebirds over the White Cliffs of Dover". In fact, he did no such thing.1. The underlined word "vandals" in Paragraph 3 refers to those who________ .A. damage things for fun on purposeB. get benefits from othersC. take responsibility for somethingD. take care of something2. The example of Norman Wisdom's obituary is used to show________ .A. some newspapers like The Guardian are irresponsibleB. Wikipedia affects people's lives greatlyC. Norman Wisdom is unpopular with some peopleD. Wikipedia sometimes contains false information3. What does the author advise readers to do? ________A. To look through Wikipedia frequently.B. To be careful when using the information from Wikipedia.C. To turn to other websites for detailed information.D. To update Wikipedia on a daily basis.Passage 2A mother has lost parts of both of her legs after she saved the lives of her two children by lying on top of them as a deadly tornado swept through their home.Stephanie Decker, 36, lost one leg above the knee and the other above the ankle, yet her son and daughter escaped without a single scratch after the tornado destroyed their Henryville, Indiana home.Henryville was nearly entirely destroyed by a series of tornadoes that hit the South and Midwest, killing 39and leaving thousands homeless. But while the Decker family lost their dream home to the severe weather, they are celebrating their safety. Mrs. Decker is now in a stable condition；her husband said, "What I told her was, ‘you are alive and you get to see your kids grow up. '"Joe Decker told the reporters.Mr. Decker said that he had sent a text message to his wife from his workplace to tell her a tornado was heading for their three﹣story home. She rushed their eight﹣year﹣old son Dominic and five﹣year﹣old daughter Reese into the basement, where she tried her best to protect them from the storm.Mrs. Decker typed out what had happened by using an iPad in the hospital. She saw part of the house collapse(坍塌)on her and pulled her daughter out of the way. She doesn't remember anything after that.The home, which was partly built by Mr. Decker and his wife's father, is now completely destroyed, with a bathtub 200feet away in a filed, the Courier Journal reported. The house took about nine mouths to build and four seconds to fall, Mr. Decker added.CEO Carl J. Tyler praised the Deckers who lost everything and said that the company has set up a trust fund to help pay their medical bills and the losses they suffered. He added, "They are some of the hardest working, giving people you couldever want to meet. "1. The Deckers'attitude towards their suffering from the tornado is________ .A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. angryD. unsure2. When the tornado was about to hit their home, Mr. Decker was________ .A. setting out to go back homeB. working by using an iPadC. sending text messages to other workersD. reminding his wife about the tornado3. What can we infer from the passage? ________A. Mrs. Decker's brave deed is thought highly of.B. Mrs. Decker was asked to apply for a trust fund.C. The Deckers are considered to be the hardest workers.D. The Deckers are under great pressure to pay medical bills.Passage 3How many times do you check your Moments or Facebook page in a day to see whether your latest post has got another “like” or “thumbs up”?Although you might be embarrassed to admit how many times you do this, don’t worry. Psychological findings have shown it’s completely normal.In fact, the pleasure we derive from (取自) getting a “like” is equal to that of eating chocolate or winning money, and we can’t help wanting more.According to the findings of the UCLA Brain Mapping Center, which observed 32 teens aged between 13 and 18, the feedback circuit (反馈电路) in the teens’ brains are particularly sensitive, and the “social” and “visual” parts of their brains were activated when they received “likes” on a social network. The research also showed that though the thumbs up might come from complete strangers, the good they derive from it worked equally.So does it mean we should try our best to win as many thumbs up as possible?Not necessarily so if we know the reasons behind our desire for attention.In “Why do people crave (渴望) attention” by M. Farouk Radwan, he explained several cases in which people naturally longed for attention. Radwan said people who were an only child, who were used to being the center of attention in their house, may try to reproduce these conditions. Feeling “overlooked and unappreciated” might also lead you to be eager for attention. Other times, the state of being jealous or wanting to cover your mistakes may also contribute to such longings.In fact, too much desire for attention can create anxiety, and in turn ruin your happiness even when you get it. So what can we do about it? The answer is quite simple.“If people could adopt goals not focused on their own self-esteem (自尊) but on something larger than their self, such as what they can create or contribute to others, they would be less sensitive to some of the negative effects of pursuing self-esteem,” wrote psychology professor Jennifer Crocker in the Journal of Social Issues.1. You may find this text in a magazine about________ .A. technologyB. educationC. entertainmentD. social life2. Who will NOT naturally expect attention according to Radwan? ________A. People who are living with their parents.B. Those who lack social recognition.C. People who are the focus of attention.D. Those who want to blanket what they’ve done.3. We know from the last paragraph that________ .A. checking your Moments or Facebook page is a waste of timeB. it is helpful to set goals concerning making contributionsC. focusing on one’s self-esteem is quite naturalD. self-teem has a bad effect on one’s goals4. What’s the author’s attitude towards people’s addiction to “thumbs up”? ________A. worriedB. objectiveC. criticalD. supportivePassage 4We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment--and our wallets--as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked theenvironmental costs for each product throughout its life--from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation--Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box--set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e--readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living--room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house, " said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices--we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on--demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.1. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment--friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.2. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box--set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.4. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.Passage 5As the first black female representative of Alabama in Congress, Terri A. Sewell said she was raised to accomplish anything she wanted. “I never saw my limitations when it came to being a woman in anything, let alone political power. ” Sewell recently said to The Washington Post. But that doesn’t mean she doesn’t go through the challenges that face most women in politics.Terri was brought up in Selma. She was the first black student to have the highest grades of Selma High School. Sewell spent her childhood summers in Alabama with her grandparents. Her grandfather, a minister and farmer, guided her to acquire a love for her homeland, appreciation of hard work, and the importance of her faith. Her grandfather gave her a deep understanding of the history of black people.Sewell graduated with honors from Princeton University. During the summers while in college, she was a leader on the college campus, serving in various roles including class vice--president, class representative. . . Upon graduating from college, she was chosen as one of the “Top Ten College Women in America”. At the age of 25, she published her master’s paper on the election of the first black members of British Parliament (英国议会).After graduation, Sewell served as a law clerk in Birmingham, Alabama. Sewell began her legal career in 1994 at the Wall Street law firm of Davis Polk & Wardwell. Sewell provided free legal services for the homeless, girls of color in NYC high schools.Sewell returned to Alabama in 2004 to assist her mother in the care of her father. As the first black female partner in a Birmingham law firm, Sewell has distinguished herself as one of the only black public finance lawyers in the State of Alabama. She served as a lawyer helping to raise money for public projects for some of the state’s most troublesome public affairs. Sewell made educational finance a particular focus ofher practice, representing the historically black colleges in Alabama, as well as other higher education institutions.Terri Sewell also served as co--chair of the Women’s Fund “V oices Against Violence” campaign, which inspired women to help women to overcome domestic violence (家庭暴力). The campaign raised more than $70, 000 in four months to fight domestic violence in Birmingham.“She has always been an overachiever. ” This is what her mother said about her.1. What can we know about Sewell’s grandfather?A. He led Sewell to politics personally.B. He helped shape Sewell’s life values.C. He inspired Sewell to gain voting rights.D. He urged Sewell to challenge herself.2. What did Sewell do in her college life?A. She based her master’s paper on a personal interview.B. She worked part--time for The Washington Post.C. She got involved in various events actively.D. She was elected chairwoman of the Student Union.3. Which words can be used to describe Sewell?A. Caring and responsible.B. Creative and energeticC. Determined and modest.D. Honest and aggressive(上进的).4. What’s the best title for the passage?A. The key to Terri A. Sewell’s successB. Racial equality: a long--term goalC. A rising star in the U. S. CongressD. Terri A. Sewell: a woman in power参考答案Passage 11. A词义猜测题。
诗歌翻译家查良铮研究
Sichuan International Studies UniversityA Study of Zha Liangzheng as a Poetry TranslatorbyLiang YeA thesissubmitted to the Graduate Schoolin partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree ofMaster of ArtsinEnglish Language and Literatureunderthe supervision ofAssociate Professor Gao WeiChongqing, P. R. ChinaJune 2018查良铮既是著名诗人，又是伟大的翻译家。
首先他是位著名的“九叶派诗人”，笔名为穆旦，他的代表作是《探险队》、《穆旦诗集》、《旗》，他结合西欧现代主义与中国诗歌传统，具有独特的穆旦诗歌特色。
之后，由于穆旦诗人身份以及社会环境的变化，他成为一名多产的诗人翻译家。
主要翻译的作品有俄国普希金的《普希金抒情诗选》，英国雪莱的《雪莱抒情诗选》，以及英国拜伦的《唐璜》、《拜伦抒情诗选》等。
他的译著颇多，影响深远。
然而，由于各种原因，作为翻译家的查良铮所受到的关注少于作为诗人的穆旦。
而且诗人穆旦为什么会成为翻译家，这也值得探讨和深究。
因此，对诗歌翻译家查良铮进行系统性的分析和探究很有必要。
本文的主要研究方法是跨学科研究法，结合翻译学和社会心理学理论；其次是传统的文献研究方法，通过阅读和查阅相关书籍获得材料；论文数据从知网和国外网站上获得;本篇论文也采用图表统计法，使之前的研究情况一目了然。
本文的创新点是理论新，从社会认同理论的主身份认同来解释查良铮主身份变化的原因。
本文首先简单介绍背景、目的、意义、研究方法、数据收集以及本文的框架。
其次介绍之前关于诗人穆旦和翻译家查良铮的研究。
铁同位素 ppt课件
1. 铁同位素体系简介
1.1 Fe元素
• 自1990s末迄今，有大量的国际文献发表
14 篇Science/Nature文献: Science 11; Nature 1; Nature GeoSci.
1
数百篇一流期刊文献: 包括近10篇分析方法文献
1. 铁同位素体系简介
1.1 Fe元素
1. 铁同位素体系简介
加州滨岸海 盆
-1.82~0.03 ‰
De Jong et al., 2007; John and Adkins, 2010; Lacan et al., 2008, 2010; Radic et al., 2011
化学沉积岩或沉积岩 中化学沉淀组分具有 高度分异的铁同位素 组成
碳酸盐
Iron Formation
铁同位素地球化学
何永胜 2014.7.21
非传统稳定同位素:铁同位素地球化学
主要内容
1. 铁同位素体系简介 2. 分析技术要点 3. 行星间铁同位素差异 4. 岩浆体系铁同位素分馏 5. 现代表生体系的铁同位素研究 6. 大气氧含量演化与铁同位素响应 7. 铁同位素示踪生命活动遗迹 8. 展望与启示
太阳系起源；行星形成与演化
• 变价元素: ✓岩浆过程中的氧逸度计 ✓表生过程氧逸度变化, 制约Fe循环模式、
海洋/大气氧含量变化 • 生命元素: 古生物化学活动遗迹 • Fe矿：成矿过程与机制 —>王跃老师报告
非传统稳定同位素:铁同位素地球化学
主要内容
1. 铁同位素体系简介 2. 分析技术要点 3. 行星间铁同位素差异 4. 岩浆体系铁同位素分馏 5. 现代表生体系的铁同位素研究 6. 大气氧含量演化与铁同位素响应 7. 铁同位素示踪生命活动遗迹 8. 展望与启示
(NEW)北京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
![(NEW)北京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a5a1fd2e31b765ce04081402.png)
A. adulterate B. moor C. vaccinate D. sue 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果你往食物或饮品之类的东西里掺假，例如往里 面兑水，就会降低它们的质量。adulterate掺杂。moor停泊；固定。 vaccinate注射疫苗。sue控告；起诉。
10. The orphanage is just one of her _____ causes. A. phonetic B. philanthropic C. prevalent D. lunatic 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这座孤儿院只是她的慈善事业之一。philanthropic仁 慈的；慈善的。phonetic语音的。prevalent盛行的，流行的。lunatic精神
2010年北京航空航天大学211翻译 硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part Ⅰ. Vocabulary (30 points) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The _____ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’s lives. A. zephyr B. zodiac C. zyme D. zest 【答案】B 【解析】句意：天文学家通过占星术中的黄道十二宫来计算星球对 人类生活的影响。zodiac黄道十二宫（用于占星术）。zephyr和风，微 风。zyme酶。zest热情；热心。
小学上册第二次英语第4单元真题(含答案)
小学上册英语第4单元真题(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The _______ (小青蛙) croaks loudly at night.2.The __________ (历史的探索) reveals truths.3.What is the opposite of "happy"?A. SadB. AngryC. ExcitedD. Tired答案: A4.The ancient Egyptians are known for their _____ and art.5.We will _______ (玩) soccer tomorrow.6.We visit the ______ (艺术中心) for cultural events.7.I enjoy writing ______ (电影评论) to share my thoughts on what I watch. It’s a way to express my opinions.8.I like to _____ (skateboard) at the park.9. A balloon filled with air is an example of a ______.10.The _____ is made up of stars, planets, and galaxies.11. A ________ (峡谷) is a deep valley between mountains.12.The __________ (历史的视角) can differ among cultures.13. A _____ (tropical) plant grows in warm climates.14.My dad is ________ a car.15. A _____ (植物文化遗产) enriches our connection to nature.16.My favorite color is ___ (red/yellow).17.The ________ grow in the garden.18.What is the name of the famous explorer who discovered Australia?A. James CookB. Abel TasmanC. Ferdinand MagellanD. Christopher Columbus答案: A19.The __________ (历史的影响) shapes perspectives.20.I think it's fun to celebrate __________ because we get to __________.21.I enjoy _____ (reading/watching) movies.22. A _______ can help to test the effects of temperature changes on materials.23.We need to ________ the dishes.24.The ______ (液体) within plant cells is called cytoplasm.25.Sedimentary rocks often contain ______ that can tell us about the environment of the past.26.My brother wants a pet ______ (小狗) to play with.27.My favorite game to play with my friends is ______.28.What is the main purpose of a map?A. To tell timeB. To show directionsC. To cookD. To read答案: B29. A ________ (海峡) connects two larger bodies of water.30.The __________ helps some birds to swim in water.31.The atmosphere is made up of gases including nitrogen and ______.32.I sometimes watch ________ (名词) about toys and learn new ways to play with them. This gives me many ________ (名词) ideas!33.The _____ (quinoa) is a superfood plant.34.In summer, the grass grows __________ (茂盛).35.What is the name of the famous river in Egypt?A. AmazonB. NileC. YangtzeD. Mississippi答案: Banic compounds contain carbon and ______.37.The nurse gives _____ (疫苗) to children.38. A dilute solution contains a ______ concentration of solute.39. A _______ can grow in different climates.40. A ____ has long whiskers and scurries about.41. A frog can change its color based on its ______ (环境).42.I have a ___ (friend/sibling) who loves sports.43.The process of photosynthesis takes place in ______.44.The flowers in the garden bloom in every _______ imaginable.45.The ______ is a small animal that can climb trees.46.The element with the atomic number is ______.47.The __________ (历史的共享) enriches culture.48.I can ______ (管理) my time effectively.49.We will have _____ (fun/work) at the park.50.My brother is a big __________ of basketball. (粉丝)51.The sky is clear and ______ (蓝色) today.52.Ants can carry items many times their ______ (重量).53.The ______ is a layer of rock that lies directly beneath the Earth's surface.54.I love playing ______ (户外游戏) with my friends after school. It’s a great way to relax and have fun.55.My grandma is a wonderful __________ (谈话者) who shares stories.56.The _____ (植物资料) can provide insights into care.57.What do we call the process of animals adapting to their environment?A. EvolutionB. MigrationC. TranspirationD. Hibernation答案:A. Evolution58._____ (weeds) can compete with other plants.59.What is the name of the main character in "The Very Hungry Caterpillar"?A. ButterflyB. CaterpillarC. LadybugD. Ant答案:B60.I have a __________ (形容词) __________ (玩具名) that I take everywhere.61.What do we call the process of taking in oxygen?A. RespirationB. CirculationC. DigestionD. Excretion答案:A. Respiration62.An extinct volcano is one that is unlikely to ______ again.63.I have a collection of ______ (邮票) from my travels around the ______ (世界).64.I like to _____ at the park. (play)65.The capital of Egypt is _____ (92).66. A dog's bark can signal excitement or ________________ (警告).67.In a chemical reaction, products are formed from ________.68.I love to play ________ (户外游戏).69.Which device do we use to see things that are far away?A. MicroscopeB. TelescopeC. BinocularsD. Magnifying glass答案: B70.My uncle lives in . (我叔叔住在。
如何解决社会问题
下手處
人的改造︰
– 宗教教化 – 政治手段 – 經濟方法 制度的改造︰ – 變法 – 行政介入
均衡：衝突、矛盾終會歸於某個平衡點 階段論：突破發展關鍵 身心靈及獸性、人性、神性 慾望與懲忿窒欲 修、調 人人為我、我為人人：那個優先？
「有錢有閒」卻無適當管道（軟、硬體） 來運用這些錢與閒，也許才是台灣種種 社會問題的主要根源 有學者說將各種可能的社會問題納入管 理，在良好遊戲規則底下，可將問題的 傷害性減至最低？但問題在於，可不可 能有這種「良好的遊戲規則」？
解決社會問題原則
掌握社會問題的成因，區分其性質與類型，要從 深入細緻的調查入手，取得第一手實際資料 採取綜合治理的辦法。社會問題大多十分複雜， 多因多果，因而治理社會問題是一項巨大的系統 工程，必須從多方面入手，一切有關部門和公民 協調配合，有層次、有計劃地進行 在綜合治理的過程中， 要善於分清主次，抓住主 要矛盾，採取治本與治標相結合的辦法 對治任何社會問題，只有在安定團結、社會生產 不斷發展的環境下進行，才能取得效果
台灣社會問題追根究底
社會解組、道德敗壞是原因 制度設計不當是原因 轉型期的理想與現實差距是原因 立法趕無上社會發展趨勢是原因 人心相對剝奪比較下產生的偏差行為
過多的解決方案
不同立場引發不同的對策 –？ 援引似是而非的說法 – 賭博禁不了乾脆開放並設專區管理？ 意識形態或習慣造成解決問題的障礙 –？
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Step 5 進行關鍵分析 Step 6 綜合結果並建 立有結構的結 論 Step 7 整理一套有力 度的檔案資料 庫
…... …...
中考英语阅读理解排序题单选题40题
中考英语阅读理解排序题单选题40题1. The author of the passage mainly talks about _____.A. the person's childhoodB. the person's achievementsC. the person's hobbiesD. the person's family答案：B。
本题主要考查对文章主旨的理解。
A 选项“the person's childhood”（ 这个人的童年）只是人物传记的一部分，并非主要内容；C 选项“the person's hobbies”（这个人的爱好）通常不是传记重点；D 选项“the person's family” 这个人的家庭）也不是主要谈论的内容。
而B 选项“the person's achievements”（这个人的成就）更能涵盖整篇传记的核心。
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the person?A. He was born in a rich family.B. He had a difficult childhood.C. He was very popular at school.D. He never faced any challenges.答案：B。
A 选项“He was born in a rich family.”文中未提及；C 选项“He was very popular at school.”文中没有相关表述；D 选项“He never faced any challenges.”与原文不符。
B 选项“He had a difficult childhood.”在文中有相关描述，符合文意。
3. The person became successful because _____.A. of his hard workB. of his good luckC. of his family's supportD. of his talent答案：A。
剑桥雅思7 Test4阅读Pessage1参考译文：线牵金字塔
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思7 Test4 Pessage1阅读译文；需要Pessage2原文+阅读解析的，请点击：剑桥雅思7阅读Test4Passage2原文+答案解析。
PASSAGE 1 参考译文：线牵金字塔没有人知道金字塔到底是怎么建成的。
Marcus Chown料想答案可能是“悬空而造”。
埃及的金字塔是在3000多年前建造的，但是没有人知道它们是以何方式建造的。
传统的描述是由成千上万的奴隶拖动载有石头的雪橇来建造的。
但是没有证据正明这一观点。
加利福尼亚的软件顾问 Maureen Clemmons日前提出在金字搭的建造过程中可能使用了风筝。
在翻阅一本有关埃及古迹的书时，她发现一个象形文字描述的是一群人以奇怪的姿势站立。
他们手里拉着类似绳索的东西，通过某种机械连着空中的一只巨鸟。
她想知道那只巨鸟是否可能就足一只大的风筝，而那些人正用它来举起重物。
好奇心驱使下的Clemmons联系了加州理工学院的航空学教授Morteza Gharib。
后者对她的想法很感兴趣。
他说：“我来自伊朗，对中东的科技有浓厚的兴趣，他同样也对令Clemmons 甘心去的图片感到疑惑。
悬在空中无题的两翼对于鸟类来说明显太短太宽。
是风筝的可能性确实是存在的，”他说。
因为他刚好需要给学生Emilio Graff布置一项暑期研究计划，调查用风筝做起重器的可能性是一个好主意。
Gharib和Graff尝试只借助风力(除此之外没有其他能源)来把一块水平放置的4.5米长的石柱直立起来。
最初的计算以及风洞模型试验让他们相信不用太强的风力就举起这块33.5吨重的石柱。
甚至只要风力适度，如果能维持一定的时间就能做到。
关键是要用一个滑轮系统把使用的风力扩大。
因此他们在横放的石柱顶部正上方搭了一个帐篷形的支架，在支架的顶部悬挂了滑车。
理论是当石柱的一端被吊起，另一端就能顺着下面的手推车翻转过来。
今年早些吋候，他们用一块40平方米的方形尼龙风帆把Clemmons的空头理论付诸实验。
企业如何建立竞争情报系统【2024版】
竞争情报系统与企业竞争力
21
资源理论
资源理论认为,一个公司的能力和资源决 定了它在成本和用户认可价值上的优势, 而这又影响了公司在利润和市场份额上 的表现。因此比竞争对手更好地利用某 些核心资源和能力,更好地将这些能力与 在行业中取胜所需的能力密切结合起来, 就更有可能实现可持续竞争优势和超过 市场平均水平的利润。
人员体系结构 组织体系系统
竞争情报系统与企业竞争力
这样就形成了能力(Capability) 、市场(Market) 和时间(Time) 三维分析法，简称为CMT 三维 分析法
竞争情报系统与企业竞争力
23
竞争情报系统与企业竞争力
24
分析工具的选择-从预算的角度
竞争情报系统与企业竞争力
25
分析工具的选择-从重要性的角度
竞争情报系统与企业竞争力
26
常用分析工具简单介绍(环境）
政治及国家风险分析( Political and country risk analysis ) （宏观环 境）
PEST 分析
五种力量模型(Five forces model)（中观环境）
产业细分化( Industry segmentation)
产业情景分析( Industry scenarios)
竞争情报系统与企业竞争力
5
情报需求总体类型
1、战略决策和行动,包括战略计划和战略开发;
2、早期预警课题,包括竞争者的动机、技术上
的新发现和政府行为;
3、对你所处市场上的关键参与者的描述,包括 竞争者、客户、供应商、管制者和潜在的合作 伙伴。
我们正在丢弃的,美国却要拾起来
定价： ． 元 国内统一刊号： Ｎ １１２／ ４ 每月１ 日出版 代号： －５ ４０ ８ Ｃ ３ — ４Ｇ ０ ２和最小都具有实 际意义， 其类 比是合理和 自然的． 比思维是数 类 学思维中跨度比较大的一种思考问题的方式， 其
也符合研 究性学 习的重要特征． 习型问题， 学 是 数学学习中的一个热点和难点问题， 从数学研究
性学习的角度 自己提 出一个新 的概念， 自成逻 在
维普资讯
一
撇
起
张奠宙 赵小平
这一期， 集中刊登 了一组关于 《 美国数学课
后、 保守” 的符号， 没有人再敢 去强调， 取而代之 是“ 铺天盖地” 自主探究学习” 的“ ．
程标准》 制定者公布“ 焦点文件” 的消息． 美国的
事情， 我们何必如此关 注？原因在于： 美国聚焦 的地方， 正是我们视而不见、 打算舍弃、 乃至批判 否定的东西．
“ 打好双基” 比是 “ 好 主食” “ ， 探究发现” 好比 是“ 副食” 两者本来相辅相成．现在提倡“ ， 自主、
探究、 合作” 的学习方式，无非是 主张“ 多吃菜” ， 这很好．但是， 总不能走极 端， 指责吃米饭就是
例如， 美国这份文件中使用的“ｕｃ ｃｌ ｑ ｉ ｒ ａ” ｋｅ ｌ
（ 快速回忆） ｆ ｅｃ ｉ ｐ ｒｔ ｎ （ ，“ｕｎｙｗｔ ｏ ｅａｉ ” 流利计 ｌ ｈ ｏ 算） 的词汇， 在我 国数学教育 的话语 中正在逐渐
淡 出．
落后．美 国人 忽视 “ 主食” 作为生命维持的基础， 已经吃了苦头， 以回过头来 “ 基本 （ ｎ ａ 所 聚焦 ｆ ｄ－ ｕ
辑体系下研究问题， 是公理化思想和数学思维的
四年级历史故事英语阅读理解20题
四年级历史故事英语阅读理解20题1<背景文章>Qin Shihuang was a very important emperor in Chinese history. He wanted to unite all the kingdoms. At that time, there were seven kingdoms: Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, and Wei. Qin Shihuang was very smart and brave. He had a lot of good generals and soldiers. They fought hard and finally united all the kingdoms. After uniting the kingdoms, Qin Shihuang did many great things. He built the Great Wall to protect his country. He also made the same money and writing for everyone to use.Qin Shihuang was a powerful emperor. People still remember him today.1. There were ____ kingdoms before Qin Shihuang united them.A. fiveB. sixC. sevenD. eight答案：C。
解析：文章中明确提到“At that time, there were seven kingdoms: Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, and Wei.”，所以答案是七个王国，选C。
2. Qin Shihuang was ____.B. braveC. weakD. lazy答案：B。
3第七单元A Few Kind Words for Superstition 翻译
A Few Kind Words for Superstition 关于迷信的一些话—By Robertson Davies"关于迷信的一些话"最早出现在《新闻周刊》杂志中（1978.11.20）仔细思考为什么人们相信魔幻和机遇时，出于分析这个复杂课题的目的，戴维斯将迷信分为四个类型。
他提出的这四个划分对于我们来说一点都不陌生，尽管有些人有自己的定位。
当用理性的态度去对待人们认为的非理性的物体，戴维斯提出了关于人类本性的一些独特的观点。
1.在这个时代关于“不合理思想”的一些重大讨论中，人们没有将迷信过大地作为理性和科学的可怕挑战。
灵学，不明飞行物，灵丹妙药，超觉静坐与即时启蒙被批判着，而迷信几乎没被谴责。
难道是因为它存在着没被公开的力量在支持着我们吗？2.很少有人会承认自己迷信。
那以为天真和愚昧。
但身处在大学的我，将迷信看成具有四种表现，鲜明繁盛生在在那些本应该是理性和有学问的人心中。
3.你不知道迷信有四种模式？神学家们断定它确实如此。
首当起冲的就是他们称之为的“徒劳的仪式”，像不在梯子下面走的等等事情。
但我看过一个非常有名的人类学教授，他会剩下些盐，捏一点撒在自己左肩。
当我问他为什么时，他笑笑回应说是为了打败在眼中的恶魔。
我没有过多询问他关于恶魔的想法。
但我注意到直到我问他原因时他才会笑。
4.第二种模式是占卜和请求神灵。
我知道的另一个有学问的教授，他会嘲笑那些去掷硬币来出问题的人（其实这是判断是非请求上苍最谦卑的恳求）。
他非常严肃的告诉我他会通过查询易经来解决一些大学中的事务。
为什么不呢？在世上有太多的人依靠易经，他们的受教育水平完全可以抵销他们的迷信。
几乎，而不是非常。
那些理性的人往往可以在易经中找到解决问题的绝佳方法。
5.第三种模式是盲目信奉，在大学中可以随意看到。
如果你曾经监考过一间考场，你知道在考生的桌上有多少护符，幸运币和其他幸运的东西。
现代盲目信奉，我们还能怎么称呼它呢？6.第四种模式是对神的不适当的崇拜。
Spike-in对照（Spike-incontrol）
Spike-in对照（Spike-incontrol）1、什么是 spike-in controlspike-in control 是指利⽤⼈为设计好的可以直接添加到待检样品中和这些样品⼀起参考⽂库构建、测序等⼯作的参照物序列进⾏标准化。
这些参照物序列往往都是⾮⼈类的序列，或者是⼈造的序列，其中都含有⼀个特殊的分⼦标签（molecular barcode），借此可以分辨出哪些是参照物序列，哪些是待检品序列。
An RNA spike-in is an RNA transcript used to calibrate measurements in a DNA microarray experiment. Each spike-in isdesigned to hybridize with a specific control probe on the target array. Manufacturers of commercially available microarraystypically offer companion RNA spike-ins "kits".[1][2][3][4]Known amounts of RNA spike-ins are mixed with the experiment sample during preparation. Subsequently the measureddegree of hybridization between the spike-ins and the control probes is used to normalize the hybridization measurements ofthe sample RNA. (from wikipedia)2、RNA spike-inRNA spike-in 最开始是由 ERCC（External RNA Control Consortium）RNA外部质控组织开发的，有点类似于⾊谱中添加的标准品，以便定量分析，标化不同样品之间的 RNA counts —— 通过与已知浓度的对照进⾏⽐对，借助 RNA 测序的⽅法对基因表达进⾏定量分析。
外刊每日精读 The pinball boom：Wizardry
外刊每日精读 | The pinball boom：Wizardry文章脉络【1】弹球机得分不易【2】二十年前弹球机市场份额较小【3】弹球机复兴【4】弹球机复兴的原因【5】弹球机在过去被认为鼓励赌博而被禁经济学人原文The pinball boom：WizardryThe growing appeal of scoring, shooting up and draining out【1】On a Tuesday night at Logan arcade, a bar on Chicago’s Northwest Side, Ian, a 57-year-old assistant manager, looks at the Rick and Morty pinball machine. “This is a frustrating machine,” he says. He steps up and takes his turn—one of a group of four, including your correspondent—bashing the flippers to try to direct the ball into the garage of a model house with a flying saucer at the top. A screen above records the scores and shows clips from the cult cartoon show. When you hit the target, the show moves along. Ian’s ball falls into the gutter. He sighs and shuffles out of the way for the next player. “I met the dude who designed this machine,” he says. “They take a lot of learning. They’re deep.【2】Twenty years ago, pinball seemed to be circling the drain. In the 1980sand 1990s video games stole market share from the mechanical sort, and home games-consoles stole market share from arcades. By 2000 WMS, the Chicago-based maker of the Bally and Williams brands of pinball machines, then thebiggest manufacturer, closed its loss-making pinball division to focus on selling slot machines. Yet today, pinball is thriving again, both at places likeLogan arcade and in people’s homes【3】Sales of new machines have risen by 15-20% every year since 2008, says Zach Sharpe, of Stern pinball, which became the last remaining major maker after WMS closed. “We have not looked back,” he says. Next year the firm is moving to a new factory, twice the size of its current one, in the north-west suburbs of Chicago. Sales of used machines are more buoyant still—some favourit es, such as Stern’s Game of Thrones-themed game, can fetch prices well into five figures. Josh Sharpe, Zach’s brother and president of the International Flipper pinball Association, says that last year the IFPA approved 8,300“official”tournaments, a four-fold increase on 2014. 【4】What is driving the boom? Much of it is nostalgia. A generation raisedon pinball in arcades now has disposable income, and kids with whom they want toplay the games they played as children. Marty Friedman, who runs an arcade in Manchester, a tourist town in southern Vermont, says that he and his wife opened their business after he realised it would allow him to indulge his hobby.“I compiled a list of the games I felt were essential to a collection youwould deem museum-worth y,” he said, and went about acquiring them.But canny marketing is also drawing in fresh blood. Newer Stern machines are now connected to the internet, so players can upload scores to an online profile. Both Sharpes suggest that the mechanical nature of the games appeals to people bored with purely screen-based play.【5】A couple of generations ago many states banned pinball, seeingthe machines as encouraging gambling. In some cities the mafia hada monopoly on servicing them. In 1940s New York City, Fiorello La Guardia,the mayor, went around smashing them with a sledgehammer. In the 1970s Roger Sharpe, the father of Josh and Zach, helped overturn the ban in the Big Appleby proving that the game was one of skill, not pure luck. Even now, in South Carolina, fans are still lobbying the state to lift a decades-old ban on peopleunder 18playing. Yesterday’s teenage vice becomes today’s wholesome family fun, as surely as a pinball eventually falls down the gutter.长难句：1.原文：By 2000 WMS, the Chicago-based maker of the Bally and Williams brands of pinball machines, then the biggest manufacturer, closed its loss-making pinball division to focuson selling slot machines.2. 分析：本句的结构为主谓宾，主语为WMS公司，谓语为closed，宾语为its loss-making pinball division；to focus on为不定式非谓语表目的，作状语；中间的the Chicago-based maker of the Bally and Williams brands of pinball machines，以及then the biggest manufacturer,都是主语WMS的同位语，对这个公司进行解释说明；3.译文：到2000年，总部位于芝加哥的Bally和Williams品牌弹球机制造商WMS（当时最大的弹球制造商）关闭了其亏损的弹球机部门，专注于销售老虎机。
关于中间神经元的一些总结
关于中间神经元的⼀些总结脑内IN作⽤重要，分类复杂，分⼯迥异，以两篇review为主教材，边学边记点东东。
IN的分类是为了更好地理解其功能，细胞的功能要靠电活动来实现，因此，此处细胞功能特指细胞的电⽣理特性。
功能的实现要基于组织解剖学上的特征，⽐如胞体在脑⽪层中的定位，轴突与树突的分布及靶细胞种类。
这需要有区分这些特征的分⼦marker。
曾⽤过的marker很多，⽐如神经肽Cck(cholecystokinin)与NPY(neuropeptide Y) ，钙结合蛋⽩CB（calbindin, calb1)与CR(calretinin, calb2)。
但相⽐PV，SST，VIP，5HT3aR, reelin，以上marker⽆法将IN区分为互不重叠的subtypes，如CR表达于VIP与SST中。
Genetic and activity-dependent mechanisms underlying interneuron diversity（Nature Review，2017）依据其表达的分⼦标记分为互不重叠的4类：PV，SST，VIP，RELN（non-SST）GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties toCircuits（2016，neuron review）同样据其分⼦标记分为3类：PV，SST，5HT3aR（⼜分为VIP与non-VIP）。
实际与上⽂的分类⼀致，5HT3aR中的non-VIP即对应RELN（non-SST）。
其实两⽂作者的通讯作者Gord fishell与Rudy都来⾃NY university。
依上两⽂粗分四⼤类（⽬前single-cell RNA sequencing细分IN可达26类，但此技术尚有争议，单个细胞提取RNA仅占细胞RNA总量的⽐例有限，其背景噪声⼤，且细胞不同阶断及状态的RNA有别），PV与SST起源于内侧神经节突起（MGE），⽽VIP与RELN（non-SST），即5HT3aR中的non-VIP, 起源于尾侧神经节突起（CGE）。
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Spike sorting
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Spike sorting is a class of techniques used in the analysis of electrophysiological data. Spike sorting algorithms use the shape(s) of waveforms collected with one or more electrodes in the brain to distinguish the activity of one or more neurons from background electrical noise.
Neurons produce action potentials that are referred to as 'spikes' in laboratory jargon. Frequently this term is used for electrical signals recorded in the vicinity of individual neurons with a microelectrode (exception: 'spikes' in EEG recordings). In these recordings action potentials appear as sharp spikes (deviations from the baseline). These extracellular electrodes pick up all the components constituting the field at the point of its contact. This includes the component due to the synaptic currents and the action potentials. The synaptic currents have slower time course and the spikes have faster time course. They are thus easily separated by filtering. Highpass for spikes and low pass for the synaptic mechanisms. The component of the field due to the synaptic mechanism is what is known as the local field potential (LFP). Spike sorting refers to the process of assigning spikes to different neurons. The background to this is that the exact time course of a spike event as recorded by the electrode depends on the size and shape of the neuron, the position of the recording electrode relative to the neuron, etc. These electrodes, positioned outside of the cells in the tissue, however, often 'see' the spikes generated by several neurons in their vicinity. Since the spike shapes are unique and quite reproducible for each neuron it can be used to distinguish spikes produced by different neurons, i.e. to separate the activity produced by each.
Technically this is often achieved based on different sizes of the spikes (simple but inaccurate version) or more sophisticated analyses which makes use of the entire waveform of the spikes. The techniques often use tools such as principal components or wavelet analysis.
Multiple electrodes record different waveforms for each individual spike elicited by the neurons in the vicinity of the electrodes. The geometric configuration of the electrodes can then be used to define additional dimensions to analyze which spikes originated from which individual cell in the recorded population of cells. Thus the spike sorting using multiple electrodes is better than sorting based simply on waveform shape. The
most popular setup use four micro electrodes, called 'tetrodes' (different from the vacuum tube Tetrode), though more electrodes may be used. Recording electrodes can be metal wires or fine print on a PCB with gold or platinum plated at their exposed tips to ensure good contact and prevent change in resistance while the experiment is going on.
Principal Component weights of spikes from two different neurons
Spike shapes colored according to their assignment to different neurons. The blue trace could not be assigned unequivocally.。