personal data
★ 个 人 履 历 英 文 词 汇 ★
★个人履历英文词汇★个人资料：name 姓名 alias 别名 pen name 笔名 date of birth 出生日期 birth date 出生日期 born 出生于 birth place 出生地点 age 年龄 native place 籍贯 province 省 city 市 autonomous region 自治区 prefecture 专区 county 县 nationality 民族，国籍 citizenship 国籍 duel citizenship 双重国籍 address 地址 current address 目前地址 present address 目前地址 permanent address 永久地址 postal code 邮政编码 home phone 住宅电话 office phone 办公电话 business phone 办公电话 Tel.电话 sex 性别 male 男 female 女 height 身高 weight 体重 marital status 婚姻状况 family status 家庭状况 married 已婚 single/unmarried 未婚 divorced 离异 separated 分居 number of children 子女人数 none 无 street 街 lane 胡同，巷 road 路 district 区 house number 门牌 health 健康状况 health condition 健康状况 blood type 血型 short-sighted 近视 far-sighted 远视 color-blind 色盲 ID card No.身份证号码 date of availability 可到职时间 available 可到职 membership 会员，资格 president 会长 vice-president 副会长 director 理事 standing director 常务理事 secretary general 秘书长 society 学会 association 协会 research society 研究会教育程度：education 学历 educational background 教育程度 educational history 学历 curriculum 课程 major 主修 minor 副修 educational highlights 课程重点部分 curriculum included 课程包括 specialized courses 专门课程 courses taken 所学课程 courses completed 所学课程 special training 特别训练 social practice 社会实践 part-time jobs 业余工作 summer jobs 暑期工作 vacation jobs 假期工作 refresher course 进修课程 extracurricular activities 课外活动 physical activities 体育活动 recreational activities 娱乐活动 academic activities 学术活动 social activities 社会活动 rewards 奖励 scholarship 奖学金 "Three Goods" student 三好学生 excellent League member 优秀团员 excellent leader 优秀干部 student council 学生会 off-job training 脱产培训 in-job training 在职培训 educational system 学制 academic year 学年 semester 学期（美） term 学期（英） president 校长 vice-president 副校长 dean 院长 assistant dean 副院长 academic dean 教务长 department chairman 系主任 professor 教授 associate professor 副教授 guest professor 客座教授 lecturer 讲师 teaching assistant 助教 research fellow 研究员 research assistant 助理研究员 supervisor 论文导师 principal 中学校长（美）headmaster 中学校长（英）master 小学校长（美） dean of studies 教务长 dean of students 教导主任 dean of students 教导主任teacher 教师 probation teacher 代课教师 tutor 家庭教师 governess 女家庭教师 intelligence quotient 智商pass 及格 fail 不及格 marks 分数 grades 分数 scores 分数 examination 考试 grade 年级 class 班级 monitor 班长 vice-monitor 副班长 commissary in charge of studies 学习委员 commissary in charge of entertainment 文娱委员 commissary in charge of sports 体育委员 commissary in charge of physical labor 劳动委员 Party branch secretary 党支部书记 League branch secretary 团支部书记 commissary in charge of organization 组织委员 commissary in charge of publicity 宣传委员 degree 学位 post doctorate 博士后 doctor (Ph.D) 博士 master 硕士 bachelor 学士 student 学生 graduate student 研究生 abroad student 留学生returned student 回国留学生 foreign student 外国学生 undergraduate 大学肄业生senior 大学四年级学生；高中三年级学生 Junior 大学三年级学生；高中二年级学生 sophomore 大学二年级学生；高中一年级学生 freshman 大学一年级学生 guest student 旁听生（英） auditor 旁听生（美） government-supported student 公费生 commoner 自费生 extern 走读生 day-student 走读生 intern 实习生 prize fellow 奖学金生 boarder 寄宿生 classmate 同班同学 schoolmate 同校同学 graduate 毕业生工作经历accomplish 完成（任务等）achievements 工作成就，业绩adapted to 适应于adept in 善于administer 管理advanced worker 先进工作者 analyze 分析appointed 被任命的assist 辅助authorized 委任的；核准的 be promoted to 被提升为 be proposed as 被提名为；被推荐为behave 表现breakthrough 惊人的进展，关键问题的解决break the record 打破记录business background 工作经历business experience 工作经历business history 工作经历 conduct 经营，处理control 控制cost 成本；费用create 创造decrease 减少demonstrate 证明，示范design 设计develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番 duties职责earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除employment experience工作经历employment record 工作经历employment 工作enlarge 扩大enliven 搞活enrich 使丰富establish 设立（公司等）；使开业；确立evaluation 估价，评价excellent League member 优秀团员 excellent Party member 优秀党员execute 实行，实施 expand 推广；扩大expedite 加快；促进experience 经历exploit开发（资源，产品）export 出口found 创立generate 产生good at 擅长于 guide 指导；操纵implement 完成，实施import 进口improve 改进，提高increase 增加influence 影响initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新inspired 受启发的；受鼓舞的 install 安装integrate 使结合；使一体化introduce 采用，引进invent 发明 invest 投资 job title 职位justified 经证明的；合法化的 launch 开办（新企业） lead 领导lengthen 延长lessen 减少（生产成本）level 水平localize 使地方化maintain 保持；维修make 制造manage 管理，经营manufacture 制造mastered 精通的modernize 使现代化motivate 促进，激发 negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名的；被任命的 occupational history 工作经历operate 操作，开动（机器等），经营（厂矿）organize 组织 originate 创始，发明 overcome 克服（困难等） participate in 参加perfect 使完善；改善 perform 执行，履行plan 计划 position 职位professional history 职业经历 professional 职业经历profit 利润promote 生产，制造promote 推销（商品）；创立（企业）等 provide 提供，供应raise 提高reach 达到realize 实现（目标等）；获得（利润）receive 收到，得到，接受recognize 认清（职责等）recommended 被推荐的；被介绍的 reconsolidate 重新巩固；重新整顿reconstruct 重建 recorded 记载的recover 恢复；弥补 rectify 整顿，调整redouble 加倍，倍增 reduce 减少，降低（成本等）refine 精练，精制 reform 改革regenerate 更新，使更生registered 已注册的 regularize 使系统化 regulate 控制（费用等） rehandle 重铸；重新处理 rehash 以新形式处理（旧材料）reinforce 加强reckon计算（成本等）renew 重建，换新renovate 革新；修理 repair 修复，修补replace 接替，替换 representative 代表，代理人research 调查，研究resolve 解决responsibilities 职责second job 第二职业set 创造（纪录等）settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低......效能show 显示,表明 significant 重要的,有效的simplify 简化,精简 solve 解决sort out 清理specific experience 具体经历speed up 加速 sponsor 主办spread 传播,扩大 standard 标准,规格 streamline 把......设计流线型strengthen 加强,巩固 study 研究succeed 成功 supervise 监督,管理supply 供给,满足(需要) systematize 使系统化target 目标,指标 test 试验,检验top 头等的,最高的 total 总数,总额translate 翻译,转化 travel 旅行unify 使成一体,统一 use 使用，运用useful 有用的 utilize 利用 valuable 有价值的vivify 使活跃 well-trained 训练有素的work experience 工作经历 work history 工作经历work 工作,起作用working model 劳动模范 worth 使......钱的,有......价值的个人品质able 有才干的，能干的 active 主动的，活跃的 adaptable 适应性强的 adroit 灵巧的，机敏的 aggressive 有进取心的 alert 机灵的ambitious 有雄心壮志的 amiable 和蔼可亲的 amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的 apprehensive 有理解力的 aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的 audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的 capable 有能力的，有才能的 careful 办事仔细的 candid 正直的 charitable 宽厚的 competent 能胜任的 confident 有信心的 conscientious 认真的，自觉的 considerate 体贴的 constructive 建设性的 contemplative 好沉思的 cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富创造力的 dashing 有一股子冲劲的，有拼搏精神的 dedicated 有奉献精神的 devoted 有献身精神的 dependable 可靠的 diplomatic 老练的，有策略的 disciplined 守纪律的 discreet （在行动，说话等方面）谨慎的 dutiful 尽职的 dynamic 精悍的 earnest 认真的 well-educated 受过良好教育的 efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的 enthusiastic 充满热情的 expressive 善于表达 faithful 守信的，忠诚的 forceful （性格）坚强的 frank 直率的，真诚的 friendly 友好的 frugal 俭朴的 generous 宽宏大量的 genteel 有教养的 gentle 有礼貌的 hard-working 勤劳的 hearty 精神饱满的 honest 诚实的hospitable 殷勤的 humble 恭顺的 humorous 幽默的 impartial 公正的 independent 有主见的 industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的 initiative 首创精神have an inquiring mind 爱动脑筋 intellective 有智力的intelligent 理解力强的 inventive 有发明才能的，有创造力的 just 正直的kind-hearted 好心的 knowledgeable 有见识的 learned 精通某门学问的 liberal 心胸宽大的 logical 条理分明的 loyal 忠心耿耿的 methodical 有方法的 modest 谦虚的 motivated 目的明确的objective 客观的 open-minded 虚心的 orderly 守纪律的 original 有独创性的 painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的 practical 实际的 precise 一丝不苟的 persevering 不屈不挠的punctual 严守时刻的purposeful 意志坚强的 qualified 合格的 rational 有理性的 realistic 实事求是的reasonable 讲道理的 reliable 可信赖的 responsible 负责的 self-conscious 自觉的 selfless 无私的 sensible 明白事理的sincere 真诚的 smart 精明的 spirited 生气勃勃的 sporting 光明正大的 steady 塌实的 straightforward 老实的 strict 严格的 systematic 有系统的 strong-willed 意志坚强的 sweet-tempered 性情温和的 temperate 稳健的 tireless 孜孜不倦的其它内容objective 目标 career objective 职业目标 employment objective 工作目标 position wanted 希望职位 job objective 工作目标 position applied for 申请职位 position sought 谋求职位 position desired 希望职位 for more specialized work 为更专门的工作 for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途 for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任 for wider experience 为扩大工作经验 due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭 due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满offered a more challenging opportunity 获得的更有挑战性的工作机会 sought a better job 找到了更好的工作 to look for a more challenging opportunity 找一个更有挑战性的工作机会 to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作简历范例个人情况：Name: ********Sex: Male/FemaleDate of birth:June 2,1975Address: *****Marital Status: Single/MarriedPost Code:Height: 1.70AgWeight: 50 kgHealth: ExcellentE-mail Address: @Pager: 191-Tel:Mobile phone:Homepage：Current Annual Salary：50,000 RMB个人特长常用语:Over eleven years of extensive computer/electronics experience.Versed in both digital and analog electronics with specific emphasis on computer hardware/software.Special expertise in system and component work supervisor responsible for installing/maintaining Arcnet LAN syst em.Proficient in assembly and C programming languagesL.Excellent communication skills includi ng written,verbal and interpersonal.◆IBM:WordPerfect,Word for Windows;Maclntosh:Microsoft Word,FileMaker.◆A T&T and Compaq PC’s with Samna program;data entry,CRT,typing(55 wpm)◆Maclntosh:Pagemaker,Word.IBM and Macintosh.Lotus 1-2-3 and Microsoft Word.◆Maclntosh:Pagemaker,Word.IBM:WordPerfect,Excel and rBase.◆Proficient in Microsoft Word,WordPerfect,Lotus 1-2-3,and Quark.Working knowledge of the French language.◆Typing(60 wpm),Shorthand(60-70 wpm),WANG Word Processing,knowledge of other word proce ssing systems.Fluency in German,good verbal and written communications skills.◆Systems:Lexitron,PTS 100,IBM Personal ComputerSoftware:WordStar,Accounting Plus,Symphony,Lotus 1-2-3,WordPerfect,DOS,Microsoft Word◆At school I won a scholarship and the first prize in speech contest.◆I have received an ordinary English education,and have a slight knowledge of Spanish.I took a Sp anish course in college.◆I can write shorthand at the rate of 120 words per minute,and typewriting at 55 words English.◆At school I won a scholarship and the first prize in speech contest.工作经验常用语◆Dunphy & Reilly,Inc.Senior Internal AuditorConducted operational and financial audits of manufacturing subsidiaries.Designed and implemented audit programs to test the efficiency of allaspects of accounting controls.Recommended changes and improvements to corporate and divisional management.Trained and supervised staff auditors in all aspects of accounting controls.Trained and supervised staff auditors in all aspects of the audit engagement.Involved with corporate management in areas of acquisition and corporate development.◆DEVONSHIRE EQUIPMENT,INC,Loretto,PAStaff AuditorPlan,identify,and test controls;present findings and recommend actions to management.Assist in the audits of New England,Northwest,New Jersey,Washington,D.C.,Southeast,and Great Lakes Districts and U.S.Areas General Ledger Group.◆EMERSON ASSOCIATES,Wayne,NEoffice ManagerArrange logistics for office expansion and relocation.Establish office procedures and systems.Act uate/implement filing system,client billing system and bookkeeping.Order supplies;maintain inven tory.Handle word processing and receptionist responsibilities.◆Stevenson Data Systems,Los Angeles,CAComponents Evaluation EngineerResponsible for the characterization and evaluation of,and approved vendors list for:Power suppl ies,oscillators,crystals,and programmable logic used in desktop and laptop computers.Evaluated a nd recommended quality componentsthat increased product profitability.Created and developed power supplytest plan used for evaluating third party power supplies.Interacted with vendors to resolve proble ms associated with components qualification.Technical advisor for Purchasing.Promoted to Engineerll.◆Experience:1.Previous job_____________________________________________________Position________________________________From______________ to_______2.Present job________________________________________________________Position________________________________From______________to________Interests___________________________________________________________Signature____________________________ Date _________________________学历常用语◆BROWN UNIVERSITY,Providence,RIPh.D.in Sociology,1974CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY,Pittsburgh,PAMaster of Education-Counseling Major,1972MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE,Middlebury,VTBachelor of Arts in Elementary Education-Art Minor,1968◆Massasoit Junior College,Canton,MAA.S.Management,1978Honor society◆Graduated Dave Erickson"Public Speaking"course,1993University of Dallas,Irvine,TX,1992,Graduated Summa Cum LaudeBachelor of Science Degree in Education,Minor in English● Member of Kappa Krappa Gamma Honor Society●Dean’s List four years◆Marquette University,College of Liberal Arts,Milwaukee,WIBachelor of Arts in Soviet PoliticsGPA in major:3.5/4.0Study Abroad:Hamburg,St.Petersburg,Moscow,Paris,1993Five-week study of Soviet languages◆Bronte College,New Castle,MEMaster of Science in Accountancy,expected completion August,1993Carroll College,Helena,MTBachelor of Arts in Business Management,December,1986◆University of Massachusetts-BostonCourse work in General Management Practices,Business & Finance,Accounting,1986-1987Aquinas Junior CollegeA.S.Marketing,1981◆Beijing University.I expect to receive my degree of Bachelor of Science in Metallurgical Engineering in June,2001 Major CoursesStudied:Fundamentals of Metallurgy、Metallurgy of Iron and Steel、Ferrous Alloys、Nonferrous AlloysOther Courses that Would Prove Useful in this Position:Fundamentals of Writing、The History of Science、Creative Writing PsychologyScholastic Record:For 3’/2 years I have been in the upper third of my class scholastically;during my first two years I earned approximately half of my college expenses working in the bookstore a nd library.要求薪水常用语◆My salary requirement is in the $100,000-$120,000 range with appropriate benefits.I would be wil ling to relocate for the right opportunity.◆The salary required is 12,000 per month,living in the house.◆I am quite willing to start with a small salary.◆I am willing to serve on trial for some months at a small salary.◆I got five thousand and five hundred per month.Personal Qualities英语中关于个人素质常用用语1. Mature，dynamic and honest．思想成熟、精明能干、为人诚实。
英语personal是什么中文意思
英语personal是什么中文意思personal的中文意思英 [ˈpɜ:sənl] 美 [ˈpɜ:rsənl]第三人称复数：personals形容词个人的，私人的; 身体的; 亲自的; 人身攻击的名词 (报刊上的)人事栏，分类人事广告版; 人称代名词; 关于个人的简讯相关例句形容词1. Our parents teach us personal tidiness.我们的父母教育我们注意打扮整洁。
2. Don't be too personal.谈话不要过于涉及私事。
3. It's all a matter of personal taste.这纯粹是个人的兴趣问题。
4. The plan was drawn up under the chief engineer's personal guidance.这一方案是在总工程师的亲自指导下制定的。
5. Frank is always making personal remarks about his cousin.法兰克老是对他表兄弟进行人身攻击。
personal的词典解释1. 个人的;私人的A personal opinion, quality, or thing belongs or relates to one particular person rather than to other people.e.g. He learned this lesson the hard way — from his own personal experience...吃一堑长一智，他这个教训来之不易——是从他自己的亲身经历中得来的`。
e.g. That's my personal opinion.那是我的个人观点。
2. 亲自的;本人的If you give something your personal care or attention, you deal with it yourself rather than letting someone else deal with it.e.g. ...a business that requires a great deal of personal contact.经常需要本人亲自联系、打理的生意e.g. ...a personal letter from the President's secretary...总统秘书亲自寄出的信3. (感情、关系、健康方面)个人的，人际的，自己的Personal matters relate to your feelings, relationships, and health.e.g. ...teaching young people about marriage and personal relationships...教导年轻人有关婚姻和人际关系方面的事情e.g. You never allow personal problems to affect your performance...绝不要让个人问题影响你的表现。
历年英语四级考试真题及答案Word版
历年英语四级考试真题及答案Word版历年英语四级考试真题及答案（2007.6—2012.6 共十一套）2007年6月英语四级真题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Welcom to our club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。
标题：Welcome to our club书写提纲：1. 表达你的欢迎；2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting OnlineIdentity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person’s personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception typically for economic gain.The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent Genera Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft everyear. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know the have been victimized.Identity theft is “an absolute epidemic,” states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocat of privacy. “It’s certainly picked up in the last four or fi ve years. It’s worldwide. It affects everybod and there’s very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can’t detect it until it’s probabl too late.”Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use you personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, you telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into th wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many peopl have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, i the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes whil using the victims’ names. In many cases, a victim’s losses may included not only out-of-pocket financia losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation i the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible.According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do jo seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online?The key to a successfu online job search is learning to manager the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conductin a job search on the Internet.1. Check for a privacy policy.If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site your are considerin has a privacy policy, like /doc/798333515.html,. The policy should spell out how your information will b used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resum on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors (推销员).When reviewing the site’s privacy policy, you’ll be able to delete your resume just as easily a you posted it. You won’t necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you lan a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, the more exposure, both positiv and not-so-positive, it will receive.2. Take advantage of site features.Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objective and the level of risk you are willing to assume./doc/798333515.html,, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. Th first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility t the broadest employer audience possible.The second is anonymous (匿名的) posting. This allows job seekers the same visibility as those in th standard posting category without any of their contact information beingdisplayed. Job seekers who wis to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact informatio to display.The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post a resume without having it searche by employers. Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear on /doc/798333515.html, without retyping their information.3. Safeguard your identity.Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to searc out jobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic (泛指的) identifier such as “Intranet Developer Candidate,” or “Experienced Marketing Representative.”You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on you title, it may not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided Use a general description of the company such as “Major auto manufacturer,” or “International package goods supplier.”If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigne by your employer.4. Establish and email address for your search.Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email accoun specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someon you don’t know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others.Using an email address specifically for you job search also eliminates the possibility that you wil receive unwelcome emailsin your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn’t contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The bes solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as salesmgr2004@/doc/798333515.html,5. Protect your reference.If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take i out. There’s no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of you references.6. Keep confidential (机密的) information confidential.Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver’s license, and bank account number or other personal information, such as race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this informatio with an init ial application. Don’t provide this even if they say they need it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the book –don’t fall for it.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Informatica数据隐私管理说明书
Key Benefits• Protection and monitoring of personal and sensitive data to fuel data-driven digital transformation and support for privacy and compliance efforts• Centralized visibility across data platforms and types, providing the support needed for today’s complex environments• Continuous risk analysis of personal and sensitive data,to prioritize resources and investments across functional, geographic, and line of business views• AI-driven detection to uncover high-risk, anomalous data usage • A single view of data subjects’ information to provide identity capabilities (rights and consents requests) required for GDPR, CCPA and other privacy legislation• Automated orchestration and protection with sensitive data intelligence remediates privacy and security risks Metadata-driven Intelligence and Automation to Operationalize PrivacyInformatica® Data Privacy Management helps you discover, classify, analyze, protect and monitor personal and sensitive data across your organization. It leverages artificial intelligence (AI) to deliver actionable data discovery and classification, risk scoring, data subject identity capabilities, behavioral analytics, and automated protection in a single solution. It supports structured, semi-structured and unstructured data in the cloud, on premises, in big data stores, and in relational and mainframe systems.Informatica Data Privacy Management helps you prioritize data protection and privacy investments, policies, processes, and programs:• Discover and classify your sensitive data: Gain global visibility into personal and sensitive data across the enterprise with data classification, discovery, proliferation and process analysis, user access, and activity correlation.• Map individual identities to sensitive data: Understand sensitive data by individual identities and quickly locate an individual’s sensitive data to support privacy requests.• Analyze and monitor privacy risk: Track data risk and remediation of misuse and privacy violations based on multiple factors, customize to your organization’s needs, and identify top risk areas based on privacy regulation requirements. Risk simulation helps you understand the impact of data controls before implementation.• Continuously monitor data movement, access, and user activity: Leverage analytics to detect suspicious or unauthorized data access by continuously correlating, baselining, analyzing, and alerting on high-risk conditions and potential anomalous behaviors that threaten sensitive data.• Protect personal and sensitive data and remediate risk: Automate the orchestration of data security controls to protect data at rest and in use, prevent unauthorized access, and de-identify/anonymize/pseudonymize sensitive data. Initiate remediation workflows with custom scripting, automated email notifications of security policy violations, ServiceNow integration, andout-of-the-box third-party protection integration.Data SheetKey FeaturesDiscover and Classify Sensitive Data• Discover, classify and analyze the risk of sensitive and personal data across the enterprise—in structured data across traditional relational databases, including mainframes; semi-structured and unstructured data in environments such as Hadoop repositories, Amazon S3; file mounts (e.g., CIFS); and SharePoint.• Attain complete sensitive data visibility with dashboards and drill-downs to identify functional and organizational information such as department, application, user, and data storage types.• Gain a complete understanding of data, its movement, and its usage in business processes with proliferation tracking and interactive visualizations—both inside and outside the enterprise and between partner and client organizations.Figure 1. Informatica Data Privacy Management provides 360-degree visibility of sensitive data through its dashboard.Support Regulatory Compliance• Accelerate and continuously measure regulated privacy data compliance with risk scoring based on customizable factors, including data sensitivity, volume, protection, proliferation, location, and user activity.• Apply a combination of data domains to define GDPR, CCPA, PII, PHI, and PCI risks relevantto policies, laws, and regulations.• Leverage subject registry for a single view of data subjects across structured and unstructured data. Provide automated matching and linking of data subjects’ records for privacy legislation compliance and to support the execution and management of subject rights and consent requests.• Enforce compliance with automated remediation, stakeholder notification, continuous monitoring of user behavior and sensitive data proliferation across data stores and geographic locations.About InformaticaDigital transformationchanges expectations: betterservice, faster delivery, withless cost. Businesses musttransform to stay relevantand data holds the answers.As the world’s leader inEnterprise Cloud DataManagement, we’re preparedto help you intelligently lead—in any sector, category, orniche. Informatica providesyou with the foresight tobecome more agile, realizenew growth opportunities, orcreate new inventions. With100% focus on everythingdata, we offer the versatilityneeded to succeed.We invite you to exploreall that Informatica hasto offer—and unleash thepower of data to drive your next intelligent disruption.Worldwide Headquarters 2100 Seaport Blvd., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA Phone: 650.385.5000, Toll-free in the US: 1.800.653.3871IN06_1120_03836© Copyright Informatica LLC 2020. Informatica and the Informatica logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Informatica LLC in the United States and other countries. A current list of Informatica Protect Personal and Sensitive Data • Identify critical data protection priorities and create plans to support privacy by design objectives.• Protect sensitive data with automated remediation that leverages integrated Informatica Dynamic Data Masking, Persistent Data Masking, and third-party protection methods such as Hortonworks Ranger and Cloudera Sentry.• Integrate with custom scripts, email notifications, system log messages, or ServiceNow tickets. Configure these actions to run when triggered by security policy violations or run them manually when potential risks are detected.For more information, visit the Data Privacy Management Product Page。
大数据时代下个人隐私保护的挑战与建议英语作文范文
大数据时代下个人隐私保护的挑战与建议英语作文范文Title: Challenges and Recommendations for Personal Privacy Protection in the Era of Big DataIntroduction:With the proliferation of digital technology and the advent of big data, personal privacy has become a significant concern. Our personal information is constantly being collected, analyzed, and utilized by various entities, posing challenges to privacy protection. This essay explores the challenges and provides recommendations for safeguarding personal privacy in the age of big data.Body:1. Challenges for Personal Privacy Protection:1.1 Data Collection and Surveillance:In the era of big data, individuals are subjected to pervasive data collection and surveillance mechanisms. Mass surveillance programs and ubiquitous tracking technologies compromise personal privacy by tracking and analyzing individuals' behavior patterns.1.2 Profiling and Targeted Advertising:Personal data collected from various sources enables the creation of individual profiles, facilitating targeted advertising. This practice often invades privacy byexploiting personal preferences, online activities, and transactions.1.3 Inadequate Regulations and Legal Frameworks:As technology advances rapidly, regulations and legal frameworks struggle to keep pace. Gaps in legislation fail to adequately address emerging threats to personal privacy, making enforcement and protection challenging.1.4 Data Breaches and Security:Big data repositories are enticing targets for hackersand cybercriminals. Data breaches not only compromisepersonal privacy but also pose risks of identity theft, fraud, and financial loss.2. Recommendations for Personal Privacy Protection:2.1 Enhance Data Protection Regulations:Governments and regulatory bodies should collaborate to improve data protection regulations. Stricter laws should be implemented, clearly defining the rights and obligations of data collectors and processors, and providing individualswith greater control over their personal information.2.2 Emphasize Privacy by Design:Privacy should be considered at the forefront of technological development. Incorporating privacy by design principles into the development of new technologies andservices can help minimize privacy risks associated with data collection and utilization.2.3 Educate Individuals about Digital Literacy and Privacy:Building awareness and imparting digital literacy skills are crucial in the era of big data. Educational initiatives should focus on educating individuals about potential privacy risks, responsible online behavior, secure data handling practices, and the importance of consent.2.4 Strengthen Cybersecurity Measures:To mitigate risks associated with data breaches and cyber attacks, organizations must prioritize cybersecurity measures. Implementing robust encryption, multi-factor authentication, and regular security audits can bolster data protection and safeguard personal privacy.2.5 Foster Transparency and Accountability:Entities collecting and processing personal data shouldbe transparent about their practices, including datacollection methods, purposes, and retention policies. Regular audits and reporting should be mandated to ensure adherenceto privacy policies, providing individuals with assurances regarding their data privacy.2.6 Promote International Cooperation:In the globalized digital landscape, international cooperation is essential for effective privacy protection. Governments, organizations, and industry bodies should collaborate to establish global frameworks that promote harmonized privacy standards and cross-border data protection.Conclusion:Personal privacy protection in the era of big data poses substantial challenges. However, by implementing stricter regulations, emphasizing privacy by design, educating individuals, strengthening cybersecurity measures, fosteringtransparency, and promoting international cooperation, we can strive towards a future where personal privacy is respected and safeguarded, even in the face of evolving data-driven technologies. Only through concerted efforts can we establish a balance between the benefits of big data and the protection of individual privacy.。
PersonalDataProtectionAct2010-PDPA
Personal Data Protection Act 2010The Personal Data Protection Act2010 [Act 709] regulates the collection, recording, holding or storing of personal data, and carrying out of any operation on personal data for commercial transactions. The Act, however, does not restrain a party from processing data if the processing is done legitimately, in accordance with its principles.The Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) does not apply to Federal and State Governments; non-commercial transactions; personal, family and household affairs; credit reference agencies; personal data processed outside of Malaysia (unless the data is intended to be further processed in Malaysia).The PDPA applies to personal data used in commercial transactions that relates to a living individual who can be identified directly or indirectly. Personal data includes : Name, NRIC No., Passport No., Address, email Address, information from personal file, photos, sensitive data (e.g. medical history), CCTV images.The stakeholders under the PDPA are :•The Minister of Information, Communications and Culture – who is charged with the responsibility for the protection of personal data•Personal Data Protection Commissioner (PDPC) – who is appointed by the Minister to carry out the function and powers assigned to the PDPC•Advisory Committee– to advise the PDPC on matters relating to personal data protection, administration and enforcement of the PDPA•Appeal Tribunal– any person assigned with the decision of the PDPC such as registration of data use, refusal of PDPC to register code of practice, etc. may appeal to the Appeal Tribunal•Data User Forum– Members from the industries such as banks, telcos, insurance companiesThe various roles under the PDPA comprise :•Data User(banks, insurance companies, telcos, private dental clinics, etc.) – person authorized to process personal data•Data Processor – organization that holds or processes data on behalf of the data user •Data Subject - person whose data is collected for processing•Third Party(e.g. solicitors, parents, court-appointed guardians– other than the data subject, data user or data processor)Classes of Data Users :All Data Users must be registered with the PDPC before they can process personal data. The form can be downloaded from the website (.my). Personal Data Protection (Class of Data Users) Order 2013 is effective 15 November 2013 and specifies the following classes of Data Users :1. Communications2. Banking and Financial Institutions3. Insurance4. Health*5. Tourism and Hospitalities6. Transportation7. Education8. Direct Selling9. Services10. Real Estate11. Utilities*For Health, the Data User is :(a) A licensee under the Private Healthcare Facilities and Services Act 1998 [Act 586](b) A holder of the certificate of registration of a private medical clinic or a private dentalclinic under the PHFSA 1998(c) A body corporate registered under the Registration of Pharmacists Act 1951 [Act 371] IMPORTANTData Users have 3 months to be registered as a Data User from 15 November 2013, and 3 months to comply with the provisions of the PDPA from that date. The certificate of registration is valid for not less than12 months unless revoked by the PDPC. Renewal of certificate of registration is upon expiration of the validity. The certificate is to be displayed prominently at the principal place of business, and a certified true copy of the certificate for each branch.The processing of personal data by a Data User has to be in compliance with Personal Data Protection Principles :1. General Principle2. Notice and Choice Principle3. Disclosure Principle4. Security Principle5. Retention Principle6. Data Integrity Principle7. Access PrincipleIn brief, these can be summarized as :•Data Users can process personal data once the Data Subject has given consent to the processing.•Processing is for a lawful purpose directly related to and activity of the data user.•Processing is necessary or directly related to that purpose (the Data User requires to operate the business).•Personal Data is adequate but not excessive to that purpose.•Sensitive Data can be processed with explicit consent from the Data subject and subject to Section 40 of the PDPA.(Section 40 of the PDPA – processing is necessary for employment, medical, legal, administration of justice, information has been made public by Data Subject)•Sensitive Data means physical or mental health or condition of a Data Subject, political opinions, religious beliefs of a similar nature, any crime or alleged crime committed by Data Subject or any other personal data the Minister may determine.Consent of Data Subject :These are listed under the Personal Data Protection Regulations - Regulations 3(1) – (5), as follows:•Consent in any form as long as it can be recorded and maintained properly by Data User •Consent form appearance must be distinguishable from other matters•Consent can be obtained from parent, guardian or person with parental responsibility if Data Subject is under 18 years old•Consent can be obtained from a person appointed by court to manage affairs of the Data Subject or person authorized in writing by Data Subject to act on his behalf •Burden of proof for such consent shall lie on the Data UserExemptions to Consent :•Performance of a contract to which Data Subject is a party•At the request of the Data Subject with a view of entering into a contract•Compliance with legal obligation•To protect the vital interest of the Data Subject (e.g. in life and death situation where medical history is disclosed after a serious accident when it is impossible to obtain Data Subject’s prior consent)•Administration of justice•Exercise of any functions conferred on any person by or under the lawThe PDPA Criminal Offences are as follows :•Failure to register•Contravention of Data Protection Principles•Processing after registration revoked•Disclosure without consent•Transferring data without adequate protection•Unlawful collection•Selling dataPenalties under the PDPA are :•Processing without registration – S 16 – RM500K or a prison term not exceeding 3 years or both•Contravention of Data Protection Principles – S 5(2) – RM300K or a prison term not exceeding 2 years or both•Failure to comply with data correction request – S 37 – RM100K or a prison term not exceeding 1 year or both•Processing personal data after Data Subject consent has been withdrawn – S 38(4) – RM 100K or a prison term not exceeding 1 year or bothRECOMMENDATIONSAll Data Users have to comply with this Act. It must be emphasized that Registration has to be undertaken by 15 February, 2014.。
尊重隐私权的英语作文
Privacy is a fundamental right that every individual is entitled to,and it is crucial to respect this right in our daily lives.The concept of privacy encompasses various aspects, including personal space,communication,and data security.Here are some key points to consider when discussing the importance of respecting privacy:1.Personal Space:Everyone has the right to their own personal space,whether its their home,office,or any other private area.It is important not to intrude into someones personal space without permission.2.Confidentiality:In professional settings,confidentiality is vital.This includes respecting the privacy of clients,patients,or colleagues by not sharing sensitive information without consent.munication:When communicating with others,whether through phone calls, emails,or messages,it is essential to respect their privacy by not eavesdropping or sharing their personal conversations.4.Data Protection:In the digital age,data privacy has become a significant concern.It is crucial to protect personal information from unauthorized access and to comply with data protection laws.5.Social Media:With the rise of social media,it is easy to share too much information about ourselves and others.It is important to be mindful of what we post and how it might affect others privacy.6.Surveillance:While surveillance can be necessary for security purposes,it should be conducted within the bounds of the law and with respect for individuals privacy rights.7.Transparency:Organizations and individuals should be transparent about their data collection practices and provide clear information on how personal data is used and protected.8.Consent:Before collecting or using someones personal information,it is important to obtain their consent.This applies to both online and offline interactions.cation:Educating people about the importance of privacy and how to protect it can help raise awareness and foster a culture of respect for privacy.10.Legislation:Governments and institutions should have strong privacy laws in place to protect citizens from invasions of privacy and to hold violators accountable.In conclusion,respecting privacy is not just a moral obligation but also a legal one in many jurisdictions.It is essential for building trust,maintaining personal dignity,and ensuring a sense of security in our interactions with others.By being mindful of privacy rights,we can create a more respectful and secure society for all.。
大数据时代背景下的个人隐私信息安全
办公自动化杂志0引言互联网技术的高速发展带动网络金融、电子商务、现代物流、物联网等新兴行业的发展，使人们迈入智能社会；与此同时，这些新兴行业产生的业务数据量也以爆发的方式急剧增长。
这促使与人们工作生活相关的各类信息都被采集和存储下来，并且上传至数据库中，再进行数据处理。
很显然，数据已经开始直接影响着人们的日常生活、工作以及思维模式，给生活带来了巨大的便利，如顾客在电子商务平台购物时，会及时收到推荐的可能感兴趣的商品信息；在外出时，利用手机上安装的APP 可以选择最优的路线以及出行车辆，从而节省出行时间、精力和财富等等。
而这些数据里往往包含着个人的敏感信息，在大数据的整合分析下就可能挖掘出个人隐私，并且很容易发生对用户隐私的泄露，对个人的人身财产安全造成威胁。
1大数据技术的相关特征大数据通常是指无法在一定时间内用常规软件工具对其内容进行抓取、管理和处理的数据集。
大数据技术，是指从各种各样类型的数据中，快速获得有价值信息的能力。
它是基于新一代信息技术的基础上发展起来的。
一方面，云计算、物联网、移动互联网等新技术的日渐成熟给大数据的发展提供了强有力的硬件基础支撑；另一方面，电子商务、社交网络等互联网应用的大规模普及，使得用户人数不断增加，为大数据提供丰厚的软件基础。
通常它具备以下特征：1.1海量化随着信息技术的高速发展，数据开始爆发性增长。
包括社交网络软件在内的各种智能服务软件都成为了数据的来源。
数据的采集，计算，存储量都非常的庞大。
衡量数据的单位也不再是GB 和TB （1000GB），而是PB （1000TB）、EB （1000PB）和ZB （1000EB）。
1.2多样化数据来源于不同的应用系统和不同的设备，决定了大数据形式的多样性。
大体可以分为三类：一是结构化数据，抽取出有用的信息放到结构化的表格中。
如财务系统数据、医疗系统数据等；二是半结构化数据，如HTML 文档、邮件等；三是非结构化的数据，如视频、图片、音频等。
2021-2022韩国MyData模式介绍及借鉴
法律有类似重复时以个人信息保护法统一
信息通信 信息通信网法 （广播通信委
员会）
医疗保健 生命伦理及医
疗法 （保健福祉部）
信用信息 信用信息法 （金融委员会）
Samjong KPMG经济研究院资料整理
信息通信网法 信用信息法
（保有数据企业）
提供信息 （API方式）
MyData运营商
以金融行业应用为例： ① 用户A通过MyData App行使“个人信用信息传送要求权利 ” 即通过MyData运营商的App，要求金融机构将所需信息提供给 MyData运营商 ②金融机构将用户A的信息传递给MyData运营商 通过API方式提供信息 ③用户A通过MyData运营商一站式查询个人信息
韩国行政安全部
韩国信用信息院
(Korea Credit Information Services)
金融清算所 韩国信息通信振兴协会
农协中央会
水协中央会
森协中央会
信协中央会
储蓄银行中央会 新乡村金库中央会 金融IT公司主要股东
(Korean Federation of Community Credit Cooperatives)
中介机构
部分金融机构（信息保有机构）可通过中介机构向MyData运营商传送信息，且非指定中介机构不得提供类似服务，同时使用中介机 构的金融公司也需满足以下条件：
不可使用中介机构的企业
目前指定的中介机构
1. 银行、金融投资机构、保险公司、征信金融公司中，满足以下所有条件机构， 不得使用中介机构
1）前一年度末，资产总额超过10兆韩元（600亿人民币）以上 2）前一年度末，该公司拥有的个人信用信息市场占有率及比该公司市场占有率 高的企业市场占有率相加后超过低于90%，或该公司单独市场占有率超过5% 3）将自身的信息处理业务委托给第三方或没有与第三方共同处理自身的信息处 理业务 2. 作为提供移动通信业务的供应商，前一年末用户数超过该业界用户15%以上 3. 征信公司（个人征信公司、个体经营企业征信公司、企业征信公司） 4. MyData运营商
PERSONAL ADVOCATE
专利名称：PERSONAL ADVOCATE发明人：CHUN, Anthony L.,ANDERSON, Glen J.,YOSHER, Albert申请号：US2013/048447申请日：20130628公开号：WO2014/051808A1公开日：20140403专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：According to various aspects of the present disclosure, a system and associated method and functions to anticipate a need of a user are disclosed. In some embodiments, the disclosed system includes a data acquisition unit, a prediction unit, and an operationunit. The data acquisition unit is configured to detect user information, the user information including physiological and non-physiological data associated with the user. The prediction unit is operatively connected to the data acquisition unit to receive the user information, and is configured to anticipate a user need (e.g., need for medical assistance, need for language translation support, etc.) based on pre-defined user preferences, as well as on the physiological data or the non-physiological data or both. And, the operation unit is configured to automatically perform an operation, without user input, to address the user need (e.g., contact a medical facility, provide a language translation application to the user, etc.).申请人：INTEL CORPORATION地址：2200 Mission College Boulevard Santa Clara, California 95054 US国籍：US代理人：HERNANDEZ, E. Rico更多信息请下载全文后查看。
personal data翻译
personal data翻译
Personal data，中文翻译为个人资料，是指任何有关特定个人的信息，可以直接或间接地识别该个人的数据。
它包括个人数据（如姓名、出生日期、身份证号码、住址等）和不可见的数据（如电子邮件地址，IP地址，社交媒体帐号，图像，视频等）。
随着互联网的发展，个人资料的采集和使用也变得越来越普遍。
例如，当用户注册一个网站时，网站会要求用户提供个人信息，以便网站正确地记录用户的信息并提供服务。
此外，网站还会使用cookie或其他技术来跟踪用户的行为和浏览记录，以改善用户体验。
除此之外，个人资料也可以被政府部门用于实施政策和管理公共服务，例如编制统计数据，执行税收管理程序，开展投票活动等。
政府部门也可以将个人数据用于实施社会保障补助政策，例如向贫困家庭提供居住补贴，为残疾人提供就业补助等。
此外，个人资料还可以被商业机构用来实现商业目的，例如通过收集个人信息来精准定位目标客户，改善客户服务，进行市场营销等。
然而，个人资料也存在风险。
个人资料的数据泄露可能导致重大的经济和法律风险，例如个人财产会受到损
失，个人隐私受到侵犯，企业品牌受到损害等。
此外，个人资料也可能被用于犯罪活动，例如欺诈，诈骗，盗窃等。
因此，对个人资料的采集和使用必须遵守法律法规，并遵守个人资料保护原则，保护个人隐私。
例如，企业必须告知用户信息的采集和使用目的，以及如何处理个人资料。
此外，企业还应该采取一些技术措施来保护个人资料，例如加密，实施访问控制等。
大数据时代个人数据隐私安全保护的一个分析框架
收稿日期:2020-05-07 修回日期:2020-09-12基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费发展战略研究专项项目 大数据工具驱动城市社区公共服务精准化模式与对策研究”(编号:2020FZZL 04);中央社院统一战线高端智库课题 中国梦视域下高校少数民族知识分子国家认同感研究”(编号:ZK 20190223);大学生创新实践计划项目 大数据驱动社区公共服务精准化的模式研究”(编号:201908006);教育部高校思想政治工作创新发展中心(长安大学)专项课题 中国梦视域下 00后’少数民族大学生的国家认同感研究”(编号:20200208)㊂作者简介:祝 阳(ORCID :0000-0001-8345-5884),男,1989年生,博士,讲师,研究方向:数字治理;李欣恬(ORCID :0000-0002-9238-4130),女,1999年生,本科生,研究方向:数字治理㊂大数据时代个人数据隐私安全保护的一个分析框架*祝 阳 李欣恬(北京邮电大学经济管理学院 北京 100876)摘 要:[目的/意义]大数据时代将人类社会带入了数据利用的黄金时代,与此相伴的个人隐私安全问题,成为数据价值开发及政府数据开放的瓶颈㊂文章旨在解决大数据时代的个人数据隐私安全问题,充分保障公民隐私权㊂[方法/过程]在已有研究基础上,梳理大数据发展对个人隐私的挑战并分析产生影响的原因;按个人信息敏感程度与数据生命周期两个维度,构建大数据时代个人数据隐私安全保护的分析框架;从技术㊁政府㊁信息业者㊁公民四个方面,分析各环节应当采取的针对性保护措施㊂[结果/结论]不同类型的个人数据的信息敏感度及信息价值不同,在数据生命周期的各个阶段,需要采取差异化的保护策略㊂关键词:大数据;个人数据;隐私安全;数据保护中图分类号:G 203 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1002-1965(2021)01-0165-06引用格式:祝 阳,李欣恬.大数据时代个人数据隐私安全保护的一个分析框架[J ].情报杂志,2021,40(1):165-170.DOI :10.3969/j.issn.1002-1965.2021.01.024An Analytical Framework for Privacy Security Protection ofPersonal Data in the Era of Big DataZhu Yang Li Xintian(School of Economics and Management ,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications ,Beijing 100876)Abstract :[Purpose /Significance ]The era of big data has brought the human society into the golden age of data utilization ,with which the security issue of personal privacy data has become the obstacle of data value development and government data opening.This paper aims to solve the privacy security problem of personal data in the era of big data and fully protect citizens 'privacy rights.[Method /Process ]On the basis of existing study ,it combed the challenges brought by the development of big data to personal privacy and analyzed the causes of influence.Furthermore ,in two dimensions of the sensitivity of personal information and data life -cycle ,an analytical frame⁃work was built for privacy security protection of personal data in the era of big data ;from four aspects of technology ,government ,infor⁃mation practitioner and citizen ,the targeted measures to be taken at each stage were analyzed.[Result /Conclusion ]Different types of per⁃sonal data have different information sensitivity and information value.In each stage of data life cycle ,different protection strategies should be adopted.Key words :big data ;personal data ;privacy security ;data protection 大数据时代使数据的价值得到了前所未有的跃升,然而享受技术发展带来巨大福利的同时,日渐凸显第40卷 第1期2021年1月 情 报 杂 志JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENCE Vol.40 No.1Jan. 2021的个人隐私安全问题也亟待解决㊂从 9㊃28特大跨国电信诈骗案”到 徐玉玉案”,一系列个人隐私泄露事件给公民的人身㊁财产安全乃至社会安全带来了巨大的负面影响㊂当前正面临着如何一方面有效保护个人隐私,一方面又能有效利用个人数据的难题㊂建构大数据时代的个人隐私安全保护的分析框架,探寻大数据时代个人隐私保护新思路已刻不容缓㊂1 构建分析框架的理论起点:文献综述大数据发展与个人隐私安全的关系引发广泛关注,关于大数据发展对个人隐私影响研究主要集中在3个方面㊂第一,分析大数据运行过程与隐私保护的关系,认为 公共数据开放”与 个人隐私保护”之间存在悖论,数据的利用分析必须以数据收集或开放为基础,这一过程不可避免会导致个人信息在互联网中的流动传播[1];第二,集中于对隐私权在大数据时代产生的变化研究,个人隐私已经由传统的 私域”向 公域”延伸,隐私权已经成为一种复合型权利[2],具备了财产权的属性[3]㊂第三,隐私保护难度的增加,大数据时代隐私侵权的主体更加多元,方式更隐蔽,影响更复杂[4]㊂针对大数据时代的个人隐私安全问题也提出了相应的解决方法,主要集中在技术和管理两个层面㊂技术层面,国外学者提出通过制定政府数据开放与隐私风险的平衡框架实现隐私权益的保护[5],以及利用区块链技术构建P2P分散式系统,采取技术策略保护隐私等措施[6]㊂管理层面,国内学者提出要坚持数据公开和授权使用等原则,使个人能够实现信息自决[7],综合考虑各方利益平衡,法律㊁政策㊁科技㊁伦理共同发挥作用[8],构建多元主体协同治理机制[9]㊂综上所述,中国对大数据时代个人隐私安全问题研究尚处于起步阶段,偏重于对成功经验的梳理并对国外理论进行本土化改造㊂研究方向集中于大数据时代隐私权的变化,而保护策略的理论研究尚未得出体系化的建议,隐私权的法理论证较多而治理实践略显不足,没有将数据生命周期与个人信息敏感度的划分有机结合,实现精准的治理保护机制㊂2 构建分析框架的实践起点:大数据产生个人数据隐私安全问题的原因 大数据时代个人隐私安全问题正在敲响警钟,各种非法盗取个人信息的行为屡禁不止,个人信息变成了可交易的产品,不断被非法收集和反复传播,拥有广大的采集㊁消费市场,已经形成产业链㊂个人隐私被侵犯将威胁到公民人身及财产安全,损害公民的知情权和信息自决权,导致公民失去对自身隐私的控制能力㊂美国政府也因为 棱镜门”事件陷入了侵犯个人隐私的尴尬境地,由此可见,隐私泄露导致的公民权利受损现象已经相当严重㊂分析大数据发展影响个人隐私安全的原因,找准问题关键,是实现大数据时代个人隐私安全保护的重要前提㊂个人隐私保护问题涉及技术和管理两个层面:一方面,技术发展与隐私保护的冲突是客观存在的㊂大数据时代的数据收集㊁整合㊁关联等活动依靠技术手段实现,这些技术提高数据使用效率,推动数据充分利用的背后,是对个人数据的反复收集与关联分析㊂另一方面,管理层面分为3个主体:一是政府作为最大的信息收集者和信息资源库,承担着数据开放和数据保护的双重职责,能否兼顾两者平衡将决定着数据开放的深度和隐私保护的强度;二是信息业者作为市场的活跃参与者,其经济活动有赖于对用户信息的收集㊁分析及共享,行业规范和行业自律的缺失背后隐藏着巨大的安全隐患;三是公民作为个人隐私所有者,其信息自决权和数据保护意识的缺失,将导致公民难以察觉可能存在的隐私风险,也缺乏有效的维权途径㊂ 2.1 技术:技术发展与隐私保护的悖论 大数据时代进行的一系列数据处理活动必须建立在对个人信息获取的基础上,并对个人信息进行挖掘㊁累积㊁关联和分析;个人隐私包含于个人信息,在错综复杂的网络联系下,隔离和有效区分隐私数据与公共数据的难度非常大,它们之间不存在明显界限,大数据时代新兴技术的负面效应和悖论是客观存在的㊂个人被卷入不平等交换的互联网世界,而互联网对待任何数据 来者不拒”,记忆变得容易,遗忘却变得艰难,数据一旦进入,便被永久留存,无法摆脱自动化监视和被二次利用的命运[10],由此带来的隐私恐惧是巨大的㊂ 2.2 政府:数据开放与隐私保护的难题 政府作为个人数据最大最全的拥有者,通过政府数据开放为社会和公民服务,推动公共信息资源的充分利用和增值㊂然而便民利民的同时,也加大了公民隐私泄露的风险㊂目前,中国政府数据开放的制度体系建设还不完善,多数平台并未明确告知公民个人信息如何被收集㊁收集目的是什么㊁个人隐私是否得到保障以及如何捍卫自己的信息权等㊂政府数据开放与个人隐私保护之间的矛盾,实则反映了公共利益与私人利益之间的平衡问题㊂一方面,公开的数据可能泄露个人隐私;另一方面,过分重视隐私保护又会限制数据公开的范围和质量㊂中国尚未出台专门针对个人隐私保护的法律法规,当前的政府数据开放也更加注重实现公共利益最大化,推动数据增量红利的最大化,却相对忽视了公民个人的隐私安全㊂㊃661㊃ 情 报 杂 志 第40卷 2.3 信息业者:行业法规与行业自律的不足 以互联网公司为代表的信息业者是市场的活跃参与者,具体业务不同的背后都离不开对用户个人信息的收集和分析,以便更好的得知用户喜好,满足用户需求,实现经济利益最大化㊂而中国互联网发展起步相对晚㊁发展速度快,互联网领域相关法律法规滞后于时代发展和技术进步,相对宽泛,尚未实现体系化㊂同时,行业自律的极度缺乏加剧了大数据时代的个人隐私安全问题㊂看似平等接入的互联网世界实际存在着 数据霸主”和 信息寡头”,它们都实现了在某个领域巨大的信息优势,拥有并监视着大量的个人信息,庞大的信息聚合本身就存在着被攻击和泄露等风险;同时,个人为了能够享受互联网服务,不得不牺牲部分隐私,接受 霸王条款”,信息的不对称和相对垄断造成了现实的不平等[11];更值得担忧的是,当它们进行跨平台㊁甚至跨国界的数据共享和交易[12],个人只有接受这种数字霸凌,并无反抗之力㊂ 2.4 公民:自决权利与保护意识的缺失 公民是个人信息的所有者,有权决定个人信息的使用去处㊁使用期限及使用目的,公民的知情权㊁信息自决权㊁信息控制权等个人数据主权应该得到法律法规保护㊂而中国当前数据产权界定依旧模糊,公民隐私被侵犯之后的上诉追责途径也有待公权力的保障㊂公民自身的心理和行为也会影响个人隐私安全㊂整体看来,中国大部分网民的隐私保护意识较为淡薄,隐私安全问题没有得到足够的重视,呈现重享受而轻担忧的倾向,个人通常会为了获得更个性化的服务,放弃自己的隐私控制权,面对复杂的条款,选择不看或者直接同意;重分享而轻保护的倾向也十分明显[13],个体熟练掌握并享受着信息分享功能,却没有考虑自身行为将带来的隐私安全问题,不知道自己正接受着 第三只眼的窥视”;加之大数据背景下的个人隐私安全问题通常是潜在的㊁长期的㊁隐蔽的,而眼前的利益诱惑却是直接的,人们通常不愿意为了隐私保护而做出让步和牺牲㊂3 基于数据生命周期与个人信息敏感度的个人数据隐私安全保护分析框架 如何降低大数据的负面影响,通过行之有效的措施更好的保护个人隐私㊂政治领域的治理经验可以带来相关启示:多头管理㊁责任边界模糊等问题常导致政府部门出现 缺位㊁越位㊁错位”的现象,严重影响行政效率㊂与此类似,数据在互联网领域的流动有多个环节,每一环节都有不同的特点,当前保护措施存在界限不明㊁权责不清的状况,针对这样的复杂情况:首先,对数据在互联网中的各环节流动轨迹进行精确定位;其次,对个人信息按重要程度㊁私密程度进行准确的维度划分;最后,通过两者的关系分析,明确风险,提出对应保护措施㊂ 3.1 构建分析框架的维度:数据生命周期 数据生命周期最早由Charalabidis等在数据管理生命周期的基础上扩展提出[14],黄如花等人将政府数据生命周期分为五个阶段[15]㊂本研究将数据生命周期分为数据产生㊁数据传输㊁数据使用㊁数据分享及数据消除5阶段㊂a.数据产生即个人接入网络,留下相应的足迹,被互联网感知记录,形成数据点;b.数据传输是指获得个人信息的平台经过信息的提炼处理,使其进入本平台数据库,或指不同平台之间数据交换的过程;c.数据使用即平台将收集到的众多个人信息进行整合分析㊁关联印证,进行精准的客户画像,为本平台利益和目的服务,实现信息的最大化使用;d.当平台认为自身获得的信息不够充分或者巨头公司达成信息共享共识时,将会进行平台间的数据共享,实现数据的再次利用和开发,产生新的价值;e.最后,信息消除即指数据失去价值或被互联网所 遗忘”,这一环节是较难充分实现的㊂五个阶段对个人信息的收集方式及隐私侵犯程度存在差异,需要差别对待㊂ 3.2 构建分析框架的维度:个人信息敏感度 关于个人信息的划分,学界尚无定论㊂根据国家标准‘个人信息安全规范“,个人信息可以分为3类:隐私信息;个人敏感信息;一般个人信息㊂从大数据时代的个人隐私保护视角出发,按照私密程度和重要程度两大标准,将进入互联网的个人信息分为以下5种类型:a.基础身份信息,即能够直接定位到个人身份的重要信息,是个人最基础最内核信息,如姓名㊁身份证号等;b.独立敏感信息,即能够独立反映个人关心且不愿意泄露的隐私信息,如经济财务信息㊁健康信息;c.关联敏感信息,指需要通过云计算等技术,经过信息整合分析,实现属性关联时,才能得出个人隐私的敏感信息,如性别㊁年龄㊁亲属关系;d.浏览痕迹信息,指互联网时代新的信息类型,是个人接受网络服务所产生的数据足迹,如浏览网页记录㊁网上购物记录等;e.公开不敏感信息,即个人认为被收集传播也无关紧要的的信息类型,属于个人信息的最外围,无需特殊保护,如个人分享并授权转发的帖子等㊂5种类型的个人信息敏感存在差异,从高到低依次为基础身份信息㊁独立敏感信息㊁关联敏感信息㊁浏览痕迹信息㊁公开不敏感信息㊂敏感度的差异也导致了个人信息价值在数据生命周期各阶段中的价值不同,敏感度越高的个人信息价值也越高,因此,除公开不敏感信息外,前4个层次个人信息均需得到差别化㊁不同强度的保护㊂㊃761㊃ 第1期 祝 阳,等:大数据时代个人数据隐私安全保护的一个分析框架 3.3 基于数据生命周期与个人信息敏感度的风险分析框架 大数据时代的个人隐私保护成为难题,其中重要原因之一即在于数据生命周期中不同阶段㊁不同个人隐私面临的风险不同,难以采取统一的保护措施㊂因此,结合数据生命周期和个人信息敏感度两个维度,以不同数据阶段的不同隐私类型面临的代表性风险为例,构建基于数据生命周期与个人信息敏感度的风险分析框架(见图1)㊂图1 数据生命周期与个人信息敏感度的风险分析框架a.在数据产生阶段,由于缺乏数据获取规定,浏览痕迹信息被任意收集;关联敏感信息由于公民缺乏隐私安全意识在公民不知情的情况下被获取;独立敏感信息极易遭到恶意盗取;基础身份信息面临被非法采集的风险㊂b.在数据传输阶段,浏览痕迹信息缺乏保护,易被非法监听;关联敏感信息在互联网中被恶意流通;独立敏感信息传输时可能遭到非法篡改;基础身份信息的传输接口安全风险也很高㊂c.在数据使用阶段,关于浏览痕迹信息的使用规定模糊;关联敏感信息常在公民不知情未授权情况下被访问;对于独立敏感信息的使用情况缺乏有效的评估和追踪;基础身份信息被去匿名化使用将给公民带来巨大的隐私风险㊂d.在数据共享阶段,浏览痕迹信息一旦被聚类分析,将暴露公民爱好㊁需求等个人隐私;关联的敏感信息被挖掘,可推知公民的其他隐私信息;对于独立敏感信息,面临着非法共享和二次利用的风险;基础身份信息的去匿名化共享,将直接威胁公民人身㊁财产等安全㊂e.在数据清除阶段,浏览痕迹信息㊁关联敏感信息㊁独立敏感信息与基础身份信息都面临着数据残留与恶意恢复的风险㊂综上所述,不同个人隐私类型在不同的数据生命周期阶段具有不同的风险,难以用模糊的㊁统一的方法和制度予以规范,任何技术也不具备多环节的普适性,必须实现差别化的㊁更为精准的管理和监督㊂ 3.4 基于数据生命周期与个人信息敏感度的保护框架 隐私保护涉及面广泛,需要多元主体协同治理,更加注重强调事前防范而非事后救济㊁更加全面而非局部的保护㊂在合理借鉴欧盟‘通用数据保护条例“[16]及各国探索经验的基础上,针对分析框架中各数据阶段不同个人隐私存在的风险,结合当前的立法实践,从技术手段㊁政府㊁公民权利㊁信息业者责任4个方面,分析技术手段和管理主体应当发挥的作用(见表1)㊂3.4.1 数据产生阶段:注重事前防范 事前防范是关键,要从数据源头堵住隐私安全的漏洞㊂政府应增强数据开放审核力度,明确数据权属[17];公民应享有知情权㊁信息自决权㊁告知许可权[18],保持身份匿名;信息业者在收集信息时,应明确自身使用目的[19],最小范围采集公民信息;同时,采用数据溯源和匿名化等技术防止隐私安全问题的发生㊂3.4.2 数据传输阶段:确保过程加密 过程加密是重点,要确保数据流程安全可靠㊂对于浏览痕迹信息重点在于数据溯源和数据协议,并设置必要的加密技术保障传输安全;对于关联敏感信息,政府应制定跨境跨部门的数据流动安全制度,采用差分隐私保护和区块链等技术手段,确保数据传输有迹可循㊂对待独立敏感信息,政府应严厉打击非法传输个人隐私信息的行为[20]㊂3.4.3 数据使用阶段:保障公民自决 公民自决是基础,要保证个人数据使用合法且拥有授权㊂对待浏览痕迹信息,重点是政府的严格监管和平台安全系数评估,并设置必要的数字水印㊁电子签名等技术㊂关联敏感信息,需要政府建立专门的数据管理隐私保护机构[21],实现完备的访问控制和身份认证管理,信息业者要进行去个人化的信息处理,承担法律责任㊂对于独立敏感信息,公民拥有绝对的知情权和自决权,政府需加大对数据非法使用的处罚力度,建立数据存储库㊂3.4.4 数据共享阶段:坚持合法交换 合法交换是底线,要严厉打击非法数据交换和数据买卖行为㊂对于浏览痕迹信息,政府应当实现跨部门合作,制定完整流程以回应公众质疑,确保公民知情且可查验㊂对于关联敏感信息,政府应当构建开放政府数据的框架,加强政府内部协同与监管,统一政府数据交换的平台;信息业者需要进行去个人化的信息处理,坚持行业自律,拒绝信息非法共享;技术上采用差分隐私保护技术和区块链技术构建海量交易数据库,一切交易有记录可追溯㊂独立敏感信息需要政府制定严格的行业规范,坚持公民知情和信息控制,综合利用反数据追踪等技术㊂㊃861㊃ 情 报 杂 志 第40卷表1 基于数据生命周期与个人信息敏感度构建的保护框架数据产生数据传输数据使用数据共享数据清除公开不敏感信息挖掘数据价值,基于公共利益优先开放浏览痕迹信息关联敏感信息独立敏感信息基础身份信息技术:数据溯源㊁数据匿名化与假名化的数据处理政府:建立专门的数据开放审核机构㊁实施用户真实身份可查验制度㊁告知许可制㊁明确数据权属信息业者:目标原则(明确使用目的)㊁安全责任制㊁采集范围最小原则公民:知情权㊁信息自决权㊁匿名原则技术:设置必要的加密技术以保障数据传输安全㊁认证技术㊁数字水印和电子签名政府:严格监管㊁平台安全系数评估,发挥数据溯源和数据协议的作用公民:自决权㊁限制公开和滞留权技术:设置必要的加密技术以保障数据传输安全㊁认证技术㊁数字水印和电子签名政府:严格监管㊁平台安全系数评估,发挥数据溯源和数据协议的作用公民:自决权㊁限制公开和滞留权政府:跨部门合作㊁严格监管,制定完整流程以接受和回应公众质疑公民:告知权㊁可查验制㊁知情权技术:差分隐私保护技术㊁区块链技术(有迹可循)政府:建立跨境数据流动安全监管制度技术:区块链技术㊁数字水印和电子签名政府:建立专门的数据管理隐私保护实践机构,需要完备访问控制和身份认证管理信息业者:去个人化信息处理利用㊁承担数据处理者的法律责任公民:信息控制权㊁防止未经允许二次使用技术:差分隐私保护技术㊁区块链技术(海量交易数据库)㊁反数据追踪与控制的技术政府:构建开放政府数据政策框架㊁加强政府内部协同与监管信息业者:去个人化信息处理利用㊁统一政府数据交换平台技术:加密技术㊁区块链技术政府:严厉打击非法传输隐私信息行为技术:加密技术㊁数据水印技术政府:成立监管机构,加大数据非法使用的处罚力度,数据存储库监管技术:差分隐私保护技术㊁区块链技术政府:严厉打击非法泄露和非法买卖数据技术:加密技术㊁数据追溯技术等政府:法律法规严格规定使用权限㊁明确责任;实施最严格的隐私安全保护机制信息业者:严格保密㊁承担非法使用法律责任公民:信息自决㊁知情权㊁上诉追责权政府:规定服务商的数据存留期限和权限,并强制要求服务商提供明文的可用数据公民:被遗忘权(编辑和删除权㊁拒绝权和自动化的决策权利) 3.4.5 数据清除阶段:实现有效删除 有效删除是手段,要保障公民的信息控制权㊂主要参考欧盟所提出的被遗忘权,即公民拥有编辑㊁删除㊁自主决策的权利㊂同时,政府应该规定服务商的数据留存期限和权限等,规范行业发展,统一行业标准㊂实践表明,正确使用数据有利于国家治理能力提升,因此,不能认为收集信息的行为都是对个人隐私的侵犯,必须对信息进行有效区分㊂如对待公开不敏感信息,应该基于公共利益优先开放,不断挖掘数据价值;基础身份信息的隐私级别最高,全过程应当实施最严格的隐私安全保护机制,法律法规规定使用权限,明确责任,加大处罚力度,信息业者需承担非法使用的法律责任,公民享有绝对的信息自决和知情权,并在事后处理中拥有上诉追责的权利,同时运用各类加密保护制度,确保基础身份信息的安全㊂如果隐私安全问题已经发生,也需要有相关的事后处理机制,政府公权力予以充分的保证㊂同时,数据生命周期的每一个阶段应当嵌入隐私分析,成立专门机构进行隐私风险评估监测,做到全过程可防可控㊂4 大数据时代个人数据隐私安全保护的宏观建议大数据时代的个人隐私安全问题,实则就是在寻求隐私安全保护与数据公开共享之间的平衡㊂在促进数据利用效率最大化的同时,关照个人隐私权的保护,实现互联网提高效率㊁服务社会的初衷㊂在数据生命周期每一阶段精准定位与明确权责的基础上,进一步推动大数据时代个人隐私顶层设计层面的创新,实现全过程㊁多保障㊁强有力的保护体系㊂从技术㊁政府㊁从业者㊁公民4个方面探寻对策建议: 4.1 加强数据安全技术研发及技术标准制定 个人隐私通过技术手段被收集㊁利用及共享,也应从技术手段寻找突破口㊂遵循前文提出的精准保护框架,对不同流程应当采用专门化的技术㊂在该领域,众多研究人员提出了有效的技术手段,如数据层(利用MD2算法㊁hash杂凑算法的研究来进行数据加密)㊁应用层(使用P2P架构来解决ONSs隐私问题㊁模糊处理由传感技术测量的位置信息的方法保护移动定位的隐私安全)㊁数据发布层(各种匿名化方法㊁PPDM的数据分布)等针对各数据层次的不同的技术手段[12],同时还有如许可制㊁网络匿名保护技术㊁数字水印技术㊁差分隐私保护技术等大量研究成果,都可以为保护个人隐私提供技术支撑㊂ 4.2 制定专门的数据安全保护法律法规 只有对个人隐私进行专门的法律保护,才能实现全流程精准管理的目标㊂中国当前没有发布和实施专门的个人数据法,仅在2013年颁布了‘关于加强网络信息保护的决定“,其强制力和效力都显不足,缺乏基础性的㊁综合性的网络信息安全法,没有形成具有针对性和前瞻性的法律法规体系,网络个人隐私安全领域 无法可依”问题较为突出,应当加快立法步伐,保证公民对个㊃961㊃ 第1期 祝 阳,等:大数据时代个人数据隐私安全保护的一个分析框架。
社交媒体保护个人信息的英语作文
社交媒体保护个人信息的英语作文Social Media and Protecting Your Personal InformationHey kids! Are you active on social media apps like Instagram, Snapchat, or TikTok? If so, it's really important that you understand how to protect your personal information online. The internet can be a fun and amazing place, but there are also some risks involved if you're not careful about what you share.What is Personal Information?Personal information is any data that could be used to identify who you are. This includes things like:Your full nameHome addressPhone numberEmail addressBirth dateSchool namePhotos and videos of yourselfAny other details about your life that aren't known publiclyBasically, personal information is anything that a stranger shouldn't know about you without your permission. It's private stuff that you need to be careful about sharing, especially online.Why Does It Matter?You might be thinking "So what if someone knows my name or sees a photo of me? What's the big deal?" Well, sharing too much personal information online can actually be pretty risky. Here are some reasons why:Online predators use personal details to try and locate or contact kids and teens. They might pretend to be someone else to gain your trust.Cyberbullies can use your information to harass, threaten or embarrass you. The more they know about you, the more ammunition they have.Identity thieves look for names, birthdays, addresses etc. to steal people's identities and commit crimes.Too much oversharing can damage your reputation later on when applying for colleges or jobs.So you see, it's crucial to be smart about what personal information you share online with others, even if they seem trustworthy at first.Tips for Protecting Your Personal InfoDon't worry, being safe on social media isn't that hard if you follow some basic tips:Use a nickname instead of your real name. Make your username something fun and unique that doesn't identify you.Never share your contact information like phone number or home address online, not even with friends.Don't post your exact birthdate and age, or mention the name of your school, neighborhood or city.Check your privacy settings! Most apps allow you to control who can see your posts and information.Don't share embarrassing photos or videos of yourself or others online. They could resurface years later.Be very cautious about who you accept friend/follow requests from. Check that you know them in real life first.If anyone asks you for personal details or tries to meet up, tell a trusted adult immediately! That's a red flag.Think twice before clicking on links or attachments, even if they're from friends. They could contain viruses.Use strong passwords and don't share them with anyone, not even your BFFs.Just use common sense - if something seems fishy or makes you uncomfortable online, listen to your instincts!Be a Smart Social Media User!The internet and apps are awesome tools that let us connect with friends, family, play games, learn new things and have fun! But we need to be responsible digital citizens too.By following the tips above, you can enjoy all the great parts of social media while still protecting your privacy and staying safe. Don't give out your personal information to people you don't know and trust 100%. Remember, anything you share online could potentially last forever and be seen by the world.So go ahead and snap that silly selfie, follow your favorite influencers, and chat with your squad. Just be smart and cautious about what information you put out there. Protect yourself, your friends, and your family by keeping your personal details private. Stay safe out there in the social media world!。
以个人信息为题的英文作文高中
以个人信息为题的英文作文高中As a high school student, personal information has become an increasingly important aspect of my life. From academic records to extracurricular activities, the details that make up my identity play a crucial role in shaping my educational and social experiences. In this essay, I will delve into the various facets of personal information and its significance in the context of high school.One of the most fundamental pieces of personal information is my academic record. This encompasses my grades, test scores, and overall academic performance. These metrics not only serve as a measure of my intellectual capabilities but also play a significant role in determining my future academic and professional prospects. High schools often use this information to assess a student's eligibility for advanced courses, honor societies, and college admissions. Maintaining a strong academic record requires consistent effort, discipline, and a genuine passion for learning. It is a testament to my dedication and commitment to personal growth.Alongside my academic record, my extracurricular activities are anintegral part of my personal information. High school offers a diverse array of clubs, sports, and community service opportunities that allow students to explore their interests and develop new skills. My involvement in these activities not only enhances my overall high school experience but also demonstrates my well-roundedness and ability to balance multiple responsibilities. Participation in extracurricular pursuits can showcase my leadership skills, teamwork abilities, and commitment to making a positive impact on my community.Another crucial aspect of personal information is my demographic data, such as my age, gender, and ethnicity. This information is often required for various administrative purposes, such as enrollment, statistical reporting, and the provision of targeted support services. While these demographic factors may not directly influence my academic or social experiences, they can provide valuable insights into the diversity of the student population and help schools address the unique needs of different groups.In addition to academic and extracurricular information, my personal interests, hobbies, and aspirations are also an integral part of my personal information. These aspects of my identity can reveal my unique talents, passions, and goals, which can be valuable in the college application process or when seeking internships and job opportunities. By sharing this information, I can demonstrate myindividuality and the unique perspectives I can bring to various academic and professional settings.Furthermore, my contact information, including my address, phone number, and email address, is an essential component of my personal information. This data is crucial for maintaining effective communication between the school, my family, and myself. It ensures that I can receive important updates, notifications, and emergency information in a timely manner. Keeping this information up-to-date is crucial for maintaining a strong connection with the school community.Beyond the tangible aspects of personal information, my personal values, beliefs, and experiences also play a significant role in shaping my identity. These intangible qualities can influence my decision-making, problem-solving abilities, and overall approach to life. Sharing this information with trusted individuals, such as teachers or counselors, can help them better understand my unique perspective and provide more personalized guidance and support.In the context of high school, personal information can also have implications for my social and emotional well-being. For instance, disclosing information about my mental health, learning disabilities, or other personal challenges can help the school accommodate my needs and provide appropriate support services. By being open andhonest about these aspects of my identity, I can foster a more inclusive and understanding environment that empowers me to thrive academically and socially.As I navigate the complexities of high school, the management and protection of my personal information have become increasingly important. Schools and educational institutions have a responsibility to safeguard the confidentiality and privacy of student data, ensuring that it is only accessed and used for legitimate educational purposes. This includes implementing robust data security measures, limiting the sharing of sensitive information, and providing clear guidelines on the appropriate use of personal information.In conclusion, personal information plays a multifaceted role in the high school experience. From academic records and extracurricular activities to demographic data and personal interests, these details collectively contribute to the unique identity of each student. By understanding and effectively managing my personal information, I can leverage it to enhance my educational journey, foster meaningful connections, and unlock new opportunities for personal and professional growth. As I continue to navigate the high school landscape, I remain committed to embracing the complexities of my personal information and using it to shape a fulfilling and successful academic experience.。
数据通知模板英语作文
数据通知模板英语作文英文回答：Data Notification Template。
Purpose:The purpose of this data notification template is to provide a consistent and transparent method for notifying individuals about their personal data that is being collected, used, and shared.Required Information:The following information must be included in all data notifications:Identity of the Data Controller: The name and contact information of the organization responsible for collecting and using the personal data.Purpose of Data Processing: The specific purpose(s)for which the personal data is being collected and used.Categories of Personal Data: The types of personal data that is being collected, such as name, address, email address, or financial information.Sources of Personal Data: The sources from which the personal data was obtained, such as directly from the individual, publicly available records, or third-party vendors.Legal Basis for Processing: The legal grounds on which the personal data is being processed, such as consent, contractual obligation, or legitimate interest.Recipients of Personal Data: The categories of recipients to whom the personal data may be disclosed, such as employees, contractors, or government agencies.Data Retention Period: The period of time for whichthe personal data will be retained.Individual's Rights: The rights of the individual under applicable data protection laws, such as the right to access, rectify, or erase their personal data.Contact Information for Data Subject: The contact information for the individual to whom the notification is being provided.Template:Subject: Data Notification。
全国大学生英语竞赛小作文写作
I remember my teacher once said that “ There is no shortcut in learning anything.”
I also learn to write simple letters and exchange correspondence with penpals in foreign countries. Some of them even came to Jingzhou to see me. We read those letters together and had much fun talking to each other. I showed them our happy life and was told about their homelands. I believe that this is a good way to promote friendship on a people-to-people basis.
全国大学生英语竞赛小作文写作
One thing l learned in those days ( of leaving away from ) home alone is that all parents love their children so much that they even sacrifice their own time to take care of their dear children. I hope I will be ale to treat my parents well when the grow old.
格式２
•
Resume
(Name)____________________________
个人信息登记表中英文
您是否申请过专利？Have you ever applied for patents? □是，请在下方列明专利号、专利名称、专利状态 If yes, fill in following form
□否 No
序号No.
申请号/专利号 Application no./Patent no.
专利名称 Patent name
表格编号：A-PQEQ-11/1-14/02
一般资料 General lnformation
尽您所知，您是否和前（或现）雇主或其他公司签订过类似保密协议？ As far as you know, have you signed similar confientiality agreement with previous/current employer or any other company? □是 Yes □否 No
是否有本地公积金帐户？□否No □是Yes，□ 已停 □ 未停 Do you have the Social Insurance Account in local city?
是否有外地公积金帐户？ □否No □是Yes □已停 □未停 Do you have the Social Insurance Account in local city?
职称 professtional
titles
颁授机构 Name of institution
高级职称 senior
至
年
月
日
To
Year Month Day
-
中级职称 middle
初级职称primary
详细地址 Address
专业
学历证书
是否全日 制
获颁发证书 Qualification(s) obtained
gdpr 人员 技术 流程
gdpr 人员技术流程English Response.GDPR Personnel, Technical, and Procedural Requirements.The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes a number of personnel, technical, and procedural requirements on organizations that process personal data. These requirements are designed to ensure that personal data is processed in a manner that is lawful, fair, and transparent, and that the rights of data subjects are protected.Personnel Requirements.The GDPR requires organizations to appoint a data protection officer (DPO) who is responsible for overseeing the organization's compliance with the GDPR. The DPO must have the necessary expertise and experience to perform the role effectively, and must be independent from the organization's business operations.In addition to the DPO, organizations must also ensure that all personnel who process personal data are aware of their obligations under the GDPR. This includes training staff on the GDPR's requirements, and providing them with clear guidance on how to process personal data in a compliant manner.Technical Requirements.The GDPR imposes a number of technical requirements on organizations that process personal data. These requirements are designed to ensure that personal data is protected from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure.Organizations must implement appropriate technical measures to protect personal data, such as encryption, access controls, and firewalls. They must also regularly review and update their security measures to ensure that they are effective.Procedural Requirements.The GDPR imposes a number of procedural requirements on organizations that process personal data. These requirements are designed to ensure that personal data is processed in a transparent and accountable manner.Organizations must have clear and documented procedures for processing personal data. These procedures should include information on the purpose of the processing, the categories of personal data being processed, and the recipients of the personal data.Organizations must also keep records of their processing activities. These records should include information on the date and time of the processing, the purpose of the processing, and the categories of personal data being processed.Additional Considerations.In addition to the personnel, technical, and procedural requirements discussed above, organizations should alsoconsider the following:Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs): DPIAs are required for high-risk processing activities. A DPIA is a tool that helps organizations to identify and mitigaterisks to personal data.Data Subject Rights: The GDPR gives data subjects a number of rights, including the right to access their personal data, the right to rectify inaccurate personal data, and the right to erasure of personal data. Organizations must have procedures in place to respond to data subject requests.Cross-Border Data Transfers: The GDPR restricts the transfer of personal data to countries outside the European Union (EU). Organizations must take steps to ensure that personal data is only transferred to countries that have adequate data protection laws.Chinese Response.GDPR人员、技术和程序要求。
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个人资料name 姓名alias 别名pen name 笔名date of birth 出生日期birth date 出生日期born 出生于birth place 出生地点age 年龄native place 籍贯province 省city 市autonomous region 自治区prefecture 专区county 县nationality 民族，国籍citizenship 国籍duel citizenship 双重国籍address 地址current address 目前地址present address 目前地址permanent address 永久地址postal code 邮政编码home phone 住宅电话office phone 办公电话business phone 办公电话Tel.电话sex 性别male 男female 女height 身高weight 体重marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚single/unmarried 未婚divorced 离异separated 分居number of children 子女人数none 无street 街lane 胡同，巷road 路district 区house number 门牌health 健康状况health condition 健康状况blood type 血型short-sighted 近视far-sighted 远视color-blind 色盲ID card No.身份证号码date of availability 可到职时间available 可到职membership 会员，资格president 会长vice-president 副会长director 理事standing director 常务理事secretary general 秘书长society 学会association 协会research society 研究会教育程度education 学历educational background 教育程度educational history 学历curriculum 课程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点部分curriculum included 课程包括specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程courses completed 所学课程special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业余工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金"Three Goods" student 三好学生excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制academic year 学年semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）president 校长vice-president 副校长dean 院长assistant dean 副院长academic dean 教务长department chairman 系主任professor 教授associate professor 副教授guest professor 客座教授lecturer 讲师teaching assistant助教research fellow 研究员research assistant 助理研究员supervisor 论文导师principal 中学校长（美）headmaster 中学校长（英）master 小学校长（美）dean of studies 教务长dean of students 教导主任dean of students 教导主任teacher 教师probation teacher 代课教师tutor 家庭教师governess 女家庭教师intelligence quotient 智商pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分数grades 分数scores 分数examination 考试grade 年级class 班级monitor 班长vice-monitor副班长commissary in charge of studies 学习委员commissary in charge of entertainment 文娱委员commissary in charge of sports 体育委员commissary in charge of physical labor 劳动委员Party branch secretary 党支部书记League branch secretary 团支部书记commissary in charge of organization 组织委员commissary in charge of publicity 宣传委员degree 学位post doctorate 博士后doctor (Ph.D) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士student 学生graduate student研究生abroad student 留学生returned student 回国留学生foreign student 外国学生undergraduate 大学肄业生senior 大学四年级学生；高中三年级学生Junior 大学三年级学生；高中二年级学生sophomore 大学二年级学生；高中一年级学生freshman 大学一年级学生guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）government-supported student 公费生commoner 自费生extern 走读生day-student 走读生intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生classmate 同班同学schoolmate 同校同学graduate 毕业生工作经历accomplish 完成（任务等）achievements 工作成就，业绩adapted to 适应于adept in 善于administer 管理advanced worker 先进工作者analyze 分析appointed 被任命的assist 辅助authorized 委任的；核准的be promoted to 被提升为be proposed as 被提名为；被推荐为behave 表现breakthrough 惊人的进展，关键问题的解决break the record 打破记录business background 工作经历business experience 工作经历business history 工作经历conduct 经营，处理control 控制cost 成本；费用create 创造decrease 减少demonstrate 证明，示范design 设计develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番duties 职责earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除employment experience工作经历employment record 工作经历employment 工作enlarge 扩大enliven 搞活enrich 使丰富establish 设立（公司等）；使开业；确立evaluation 估价，评价excellent League member 优秀团员excellent Party member 优秀党员execute 实行，实施expand 推广；扩大expedite 加快；促进experience 经历exploit开发（资源，产品）export 出口found 创立generate 产生good at 擅长于guide 指导；操纵implement 完成，实施import 进口improve 改进，提高increase 增加influence 影响initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新inspired 受启发的；受鼓舞的install 安装integrate 使结合；使一体化introduce 采用，引进invent 发明invest 投资job title 职位justified 经证明的；合法化的launch 开办（新企业）lead 领导lengthen 延长lessen 减少（生产成本）level 水平localize 使地方化maintain 保持；维修make 制造manage 管理，经营manufacture 制造mastered 精通的modernize 使现代化motivate 促进，激发negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名的；被任命的occupational history 工作经历operate 操作，开动（机器等），经营（厂矿）organize 组织originate 创始，发明overcome 克服（困难等）participate in 参加perfect 使完善；改善perform 执行，履行plan 计划position 职位professional history 职业经历professional 职业经历profit 利润promote 生产，制造promote 推销（商品）；创立（企业）等provide 提供，供应raise 提高reach 达到realize 实现（目标等）；获得（利润）receive 收到，得到，接受recognize 认清（职责等）recommended 被推荐的；被介绍的reconsolidate 重新巩固；重新整顿reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的recover恢复；弥补rectify 整顿，调整redouble 加倍，倍增reduce 减少，降低（成本等）refine 精练，精制reform 改革regenerate 更新，使更生registered 已注册的regularize 使系统化regulate 控制（费用等）rehandle 重铸；重新处理rehash以新形式处理（旧材料）reinforce 加强reckon 计算（成本等）renew 重建，换新renovate 革新；修理repair 修复，修补replace 接替，替换representative 代表，代理人research 调查，研究resolve 解决responsibilities 职责second job 第二职业set 创造（纪录等）settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低......效能show 显示,表明significant 重要的,有效的simplify 简化,精简solve 解决sort out 清理specific experience 具体经历speed up 加速sponsor 主办spread 传播,扩大standard 标准,规格streamline 把......设计流线型strengthen 加强,巩固study研究succeed 成功supervise 监督,管理supply 供给,满足(需要) systematize 使系统化target 目标,指标test 试验,检验top 头等的,最高的total 总数,总额translate 翻译,转化travel 旅行unify 使成一体,统一use 使用，运用useful 有用的utilize 利用valuable 有价值的vivify 使活跃well-trained 训练有素的work experience 工作经历work history 工作经历work 工作,起作用working model 劳动模范worth 使......钱的,有......价值的个人品质able 有才干的，能干的active 主动的，活跃的adaptable 适应性强的adroit 灵巧的，机敏的aggressive 有进取心的alert 机灵的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办事仔细的candid 正直的charitable 宽厚的competent 能胜任的confident 有信心的conscientious 认真的，自觉的considerate 体贴的constructive 建设性的contemplative 好沉思的cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富创造力的dashing 有一股子冲劲的，有拼搏精神的dedicated 有奉献精神的devoted 有献身精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的disciplined 守纪律的discreet （在行动，说话等方面）谨慎的dutiful 尽职的dynamic 精悍的earnest 认真的well-educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的enthusiastic 充满热情的expressive 善于表达faithful守信的，忠诚的forceful （性格）坚强的frank 直率的，真诚的friendly 友好的frugal 俭朴的generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的gentle 有礼貌的hard-working 勤劳的hearty 精神饱满的honest 诚实的hospitable 殷勤的humble恭顺的humorous 幽默的impartial 公正的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的initiative 首创精神have an inquiring mind 爱动脑筋intellective 有智力的intelligent 理解力强的inventive 有发明才能的，有创造力的just 正直的kind-hearted 好心的knowledgeable 有见识的learned 精通某门学问的liberal 心胸宽大的logical 条理分明的loyal 忠心耿耿的methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的motivated 目的明确的objective 客观的open-minded 虚心的orderly 守纪律的original 有独创性的painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的practical 实际的precise 一丝不苟的persevering 不屈不挠的punctual 严守时刻的purposeful 意志坚强的qualified 合格的rational 有理性的realistic 实事求是的reasonable 讲道理的reliable 可信赖的responsible 负责的self-conscious 自觉的selfless 无私的sensible 明白事理的sincere 真诚的smart 精明的spirited 生气勃勃的sporting 光明正大的steady 塌实的straightforward 老实的strict 严格的systematic 有系统的strong-willed 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的其它内容objective 目标career objective 职业目标employment objective 工作目标position wanted 希望职位job objective 工作目标position applied for 申请职位position sought 谋求职位position desired 希望职位for more specialized work 为更专门的工作for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任for wider experience 为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满offered a more challenging opportunity 获得的更有挑战性的工作机会sought a better job 找到了更好的工作to look for a more challenging opportunity 找一个更有挑战性的工作机会to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作。