现代大学英语(精读2)1-6课复习
现代大学英语(第二版)精读2第一课讲解
Another School Year – What for?John CiardiText AppreciationI.Text Analysis1.Theme2.Structure3.DiscussionII.Writing Devicesnguage Style & Tone2.MetaphorIII.Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisThemeThe author tries to clarify the purpose of a university: to put the students in touch with the best civilization that human race has created.StructurePart 1 (Paras. 1—8 Part 2 (Paras.9—14):The writer describes hisencounter with one of hisstudents.):The author restates what he still believes to be the purpose of a university: putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human race has created.Text AnalysisSentence Paraphrase•Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher.(Para. 1)•Let me tell you something that happened when I first became a teacher. It was one of the exasperating experiences in the first days of my teaching career.•The word “disaster” often means “an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage”. Here, used informally, it means "a complete failure". The writer exaggerates the situation and uses the word humorously.Sentence Paraphrase… I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. (Para. 1)to have just come from aparticular place, to havejust had a particularexperience, e.g. studentsfresh from college… I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City.•Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something.” (Para.1)•The sentence tells us what an unfavorable impression the student left on the writer the first day he came to class. First, he was referred to as “a beanpole with hair on top” (顶上长了毛、种豆角时用的长竿）.Also, his manners irritated the writer: instead of listening attentively and taking notes, he behaved as if he had paid to watch a show of some sort and was waiting to be entertained.•The word "beanpole“ means "a tall thin person"，Here the writer deliberately evokes a "bean pole”, a pole farmers use as a support in growing beans.••part of the student body: one of the students•the student body: all the students of the university•body: a group of people who work or act together, often for an official purpose, or who are connected in some other way, e. g.– a law-making body 工法机构–the governing body of the university 大学管理机构Sentence Paraphrase•Two weeks later we started Hamlet.(Para.1)•Obviously, the writer was teaching a course on Shakespeare. In such a course, generally five of Shakespeare's plays are studied. Hamlet generally included.Sentence Paraphrase•Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. “Look,” he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff?“ (1)•with his hands on his hips: This shows that the student wasn‘t carrying anything, and what’s more, this business-minded young man came to challenge his instructor, like a customer questioning the goods or service they have bought.Sentence Paraphrase•New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things·(2)•Though I was a new teacher, I knew I could tell him what "university w as for. But I didn't. (我虽然经验不多) 也讲得出这些道埋(但我没有讲)。
现代大学英语精读2 Lesson 1 Another School Year-What for
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Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For?
Evaluations & Requirement
• • • • • 1. Class attendance & presentation(10%) 2. Homework (10%) 3. Test (10%) 4. Term paper(10%) 5. Final exam(60%)
3. According to your own understanding, what are the major differences between high school and college educations?
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Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For?
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Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For?
Memorable Quotes
1. In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living, but to make a life. ---- William White 2. The foundation of every state is the education of the youth. ---- Diogenes 3. I have never let my schooling interfere with my education. ---- Mark Twain
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现代大学英语(第二版) 精读2 第1单元知识点
Unit 1Text A Another School Year—What For?Part 1 BackgroundⅠ. About the author: John Ciardi (1916-1986)A. His life:◆a child of Italian immigrants, Boston◆Began his career teaching English at the University of Kansas City◆Joined the US Air Force in 1942, served as a gunner in fighter planes◆went on to teach at Harvard University in 1946◆in 1953 accepted a position at Rutgers University◆in 1961, gave up teaching and devoted himself to his own literary endeavorsB. His influence:◆Poet, translator, etymologist◆Major works:➢First book of poems, Homeward to America, 1940➢Other Skies, focusing on his war-time experience, 1947➢How Does a Poem Mean, a standard textbook for high school and college poetry courses ➢Translation of Dante’s Divine Comedy (The Inferno, 1954; The Purgatorio, 1961; The Paradiso, 1970)◆Influence:➢ A very popular poet➢Poetry editor of Saturday Review from 1956 to 1972➢Fellow of the National Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member and former president of the National Institute of Arts and LettersII. Genre◆Orientation speechperiod of time at the beginning of the academic year at a university during which a variety of events are held to orient and welcome new students. The orientation helps new students to organize their classes, acclimate to student life, and introduce themselves to other new students. Speeches are often given at orientation by presidents or acclaimed professors of the university.◆Audience: College freshmen◆Style: colloquial, familiar; first humorous, mildly sarcastic; later serious and earnestPart 2 Word Study1．accomplishment n.①achievement 成就；成绩Books are man’s peculiar accomplishment. (para.12) 书本是人类特有的成就。
现代大学英语精读第二册语法点总结
现代大学英语精读第二册语法点总结Unit 1: the usages of future times；（将来时态）coordinating conjunctions（并列连词）Unit 2：“the way” in relative clauses （the way在关系从句中的用法）with + noun + preposition phrase/ participle /adjective construction （with结构做伴随状语）Unit 3: noun clauses (introduced by wh-words); （名词性从句）the gerund （动名词）Unit 4: appositive clause （同位语从句）indefinite pronoun: anybody/anyone; somebody / someone; everybody/ everyone; nobody/ no one; anything; something; everything; nothing （不定代词）Unit 5: the gerund; （动名词）the infinitive; （to do 不定式）attributive modifiers (定语)Unit 6：the present perfect continuous tense (现在完成进行时)the usage of the present participle phrase (现在分词)Unit 7：无（test）Unit 8：Comparative Degree （比较级：特别是the more….the more; bette r and better结构）Subject Complement (形容词做主语补足语：S+V+Adj.)Unit 9: with/without + noun phrase + an infinitive phrase (with、without在独立主格结构的应用)the infinitive as the subject (to do 不定式做主语)Unit 10：past participle phrase as adverbial （过去分词做定语的用法）Unit 11：part of speech （词性）Unit 12: ever/ never 的用法比较级的用法（特别是比较级前面有副词修饰；同级比较）Unit 13：Ｖ＋Ｏ＋Ｃ宾语补足语Could / might /should/ must +have done （虚拟语气）Unit 14：无（test）Unit 15：Parallelismsingle compound sentence (简单并列复合句) Unit 16：把疑问句改写为陈述句。
现代大学英语精读2unit1 Another school year——what for
现代大学英语精读2Unit 1 Another school year------what for?又是一个新学年——为什么上大学？约翰查尔迪首先，给大家讲讲我教书生涯刚开始的时候经历过的一次失败吧。
那是在1940年的一月，我当时研究生刚毕业，开始在堪萨斯市大学教书。
我的学生中有个瘦高个儿，活像个长着头发的扁豆架支杆。
他走进课堂，坐了下来，双手在胸前交叉着，看了看我，好像在说：好吧，教我些什么吧。
两个礼拜以后，我们开始讲《哈姆雷特》。
又过了三个礼拜，他来到我的办公室，双手叉腰。
“我告诉你，”他说，“我到这里来是为了当个药剂师。
我干嘛要读这些玩意？”说着他用手指了指桌子上我的那本书，因为他自己没有带书来。
我当时虽然是个初出茅庐的新教师，可我也能告诉这位一些理由。
我可以向他指出，他进的不是一所制药学校，而是一所大学。
修满大学课程他就能得到一份证书，上面写着“理学士”，而不是“合格的药剂师”。
这份证书说明他接受过制药的专门训练，同时还说明，他受到过人类文明思想的熏陶。
换言之，他上的不是一所职业技术学校，而是一所大学，学生上大学既要接受职业训练，也要接受人文教育。
我完全可以对他说这些话的，但是很明显，他不会在大学坚持太久，他懂不懂这些道理无关紧要。
尽管如此，我当时很年轻，有很强的责任心，所以就试着这么跟他解释：“你这一辈子，每天大概平均有二十四个小时。
热恋的时候，你会觉得一天的时间短一点，而失恋的时候，则会长一些。
但是平均起来，大致就是这个数。
这其中的八个小时，你基本上是在睡觉。
“每个工作日，你大约需要工作八小时，我希望你会用来做些有用的事情。
假设你修完了制药，或者土木工程、法律或是其他学科的课程，那么在这八小时里，你会使用你的专业技术：在配制阿司匹林的时候，确保里面不掺进氰化物；在搞工程设计的时候，确保牛不会跳进篱笆里；当律师时，就要确保你的委托人不会因为你的无能而坐上电椅。
这些都是非常有用的职业，都需要人们应该尊重的技能，这些技能都能帮助你满足你的基本需求。
杨立民《现代大学英语精读（2）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】
目 录Unit 1一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 2一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 3一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 4一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 5一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 6一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 7一、练习答案Unit 8一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 9一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 10一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 11一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 12一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 13一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 14一、练习答案Unit 15一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 16一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Adisaster [di5zB:stE] n.灾难，灾祸；不幸【例句】These difficulties are caused by natural disasters. 这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。
【助记】dis（不，没有）+aster（星星）→星星消失了，难道预示着灾难的来临？谐音“点扎死他”，灾难。
semester [si5mestE] n.学期；半年【例句】His writing has improved greatly in this semester. 这学期他的写作有了很大进步。
【助记】seme（看作semi半）+s+ ter（看作terra学期）→半学期beanpole [5bi:npEul] n.（插在地上供豆茎攀缘的）支竿，瘦长之人【例句】Li Ling’s elder sister is short and overweight while her younger sister is a beanpole.李玲的姐姐是个矮胖墩儿，可她妹妹却是个细高个儿。
现代大学英语第二版精读2Unit1ExercisesAnotherSchoolYearWhatfor
Vocabulary1 –ent 2–ent 3-ant 4–ent 5 -ant 6 -ant 7–ent 8 -ant 9 -ant 10–ent11–ent 12 –ent 13 -ant 14 –ent 15 –ent 16 –ent 17 –ent 18 –ent 19–antAccountant; assistant; defendant; dependant; attendant (n.)2 classification identificationintensification justificationsimplification certificationglorification specificationglobalization specializationAmericanization industrializationurbanization idealizationcentralization marketizationnationalization privatizationpermission discussionadmission professioncommission confessionremission impressionemission oppressionsubmission compressiontransmission expressionomission depression31 sensitive, sensible, senseless, sensibility, oversensitive, insensitive2 technical, technically, technician3 specially, specialty, specialize4 intellectual, intelligent, intelligence5 civilize; civilization, civilized, uncivilized41 好多人都认可，大学扩招是一个大业绩。
现代大学英语精读第二版Unit 6
4.桂林向来被我们称为最美的地方，我以前
怀疑这种说法。现在我完全同意他们了。一 切都美极了，尤其是那些千姿百态的石峰。
Guilin has always been regarded by our people as the most beautiful place in our country. I used to have my doubts, but now I totally agree with them. Everything is so beautiful, especially the rock formations in all those different shapes.
• What’s the use of the green banana in the text? What does it symbolize?
WB
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The Green Banana
Unit 6
Culture Tips
Author
Backgrou nd
Genre
WB TR
Background
A young man who saw the woman run over by the car has agreed to appear in court as witness. I admire his courage.
7. 大学教育应该设法保证我们的大学生有 进行批判性思维的能力。
– "ethnocentrism" basically refers to judging other groups
from one’s own cultural point of view, or misinterpreting
现代大学英语精读第二版2第一课讲解.pdf
• the student body: all the students of the university
• body: a group of people who work or act together, often for an official purpose, or who are connected in some other way, e. g.
Sentence Paraphrase
• The word "beanpole“ means "a tall thin person"，Here the writer deliberately evokes a "bean pole”, a pole farmers use as a support in growing beans.
III. Sentence Paraphrase
Text Analysis
Theme
The author tries to clarify the purpose of a university: to put the students in touch with the best civilization that human race has created.
… I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City.
Sentence Paraphrase
• Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something.” (Para.1)
(完整word版)现代大学英语精读2unit1Anotherschoolyear——whatfor
现代大学英语精读2Unit 1 Another school year------what for?又是一个新学年——为什么上大学？约翰查尔迪首先，给大家讲讲我教书生涯刚开始的时候经历过的一次失败吧。
那是在1940年的一月，我当时研究生刚毕业，开始在堪萨斯市大学教书。
我的学生中有个瘦高个儿，活像个长着头发的扁豆架支杆。
他走进课堂，坐了下来，双手在胸前交叉着，看了看我，好像在说：好吧，教我些什么吧。
两个礼拜以后，我们开始讲《哈姆雷特》。
又过了三个礼拜，他来到我的办公室，双手叉腰。
“我告诉你，”他说，“我到这里来是为了当个药剂师。
我干嘛要读这些玩意？”说着他用手指了指桌子上我的那本书，因为他自己没有带书来。
我当时虽然是个初出茅庐的新教师，可我也能告诉这位一些理由。
我可以向他指出，他进的不是一所制药学校，而是一所大学。
修满大学课程他就能得到一份证书，上面写着“理学士”，而不是“合格的药剂师”。
这份证书说明他接受过制药的专门训练，同时还说明，他受到过人类文明思想的熏陶。
换言之，他上的不是一所职业技术学校，而是一所大学，学生上大学既要接受职业训练，也要接受人文教育。
我完全可以对他说这些话的，但是很明显，他不会在大学坚持太久，他懂不懂这些道理无关紧要。
尽管如此，我当时很年轻，有很强的责任心，所以就试着这么跟他解释：“你这一辈子，每天大概平均有二十四个小时。
热恋的时候，你会觉得一天的时间短一点，而失恋的时候，则会长一些。
但是平均起来，大致就是这个数。
这其中的八个小时，你基本上是在睡觉。
“每个工作日，你大约需要工作八小时，我希望你会用来做些有用的事情。
假设你修完了制药，或者土木工程、法律或是其他学科的课程，那么在这八小时里，你会使用你的专业技术：在配制阿司匹林的时候，确保里面不掺进氰化物；在搞工程设计的时候，确保牛不会跳进篱笆里；当律师时，就要确保你的委托人不会因为你的无能而坐上电椅。
这些都是非常有用的职业，都需要人们应该尊重的技能，这些技能都能帮助你满足你的基本需求。
现代大学英语精读第二版第二册课后练习答案
参考答案（Unit 1—8）Unit OneKey to ExercisePreview:1 True or false1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6F 7T 8T 9T 10TVocabulary4. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets 1. differ 2. differently, different 3. difference4. serious, serious, seriously5. seriousness, seriously polluted6. Fortunately/ Luckily, pollution, seriously, pollute7. attention 8. attentively, attentive4 Translate the following sentences using words and expressions taken from the text.1. 他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。
They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company.2. 虽然我们面前仍有困难，但我肯定我们中国人有智慧靠自己实现国家的和平统一。
Although there are still difficulties ahead of us, I am sure that we Chinese people will have the wisdom to bring abou t the peaceful unification of our country on our own.3. 只强调国内生产总值是错误的，它会引起很多严重问题。
It is wrong to put emphasis on nothing but GDP. It will give rise to many serious problems.4. 他喜欢炫耀他的财富，但是这完全是徒劳的，人们仍然像躲避毒药那样躲避他。
现代大学英语精读Unit1-unit6答案分析
Unit OneKey to ExercisePreview:1 True or false1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6F 7T 8T 9T 10TVocabulary4. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets1. differ2. differently, different3. difference4. serious, serious, seriously5. seriousness, seriously polluted6. Fortunately/ Luckily, pollution, seriously, pollute7. attention 8. attentively, attentive4 Translate the following sentences using words and expressions taken from the text.1. 他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。
They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company.2. 虽然我们面前仍有困难，但我肯定我们中国人有智慧靠自己实现国家的和平统一。
Although there are still difficulties ahead of us, I am sure that we Chinese people will have the wisdom to bring abou t the peaceful unification of our country on our own.3. 只强调国内生产总值是错误的，它会引起很多严重问题。
It is wrong to put emphasis on nothing but GDP. It will give rise to many serious problems.4. 他喜欢炫耀他的财富，但是这完全是徒劳的，人们仍然像躲避毒药那样躲避他。
现代大学英语精读2Lesson6TheManintheWater
Lesson Six: The Man in the Water1. Warm-up questionsWhat does the author try to say through the story?A. The disaster?B. The three heroes?C. The man in the water?D. Human nature?2. Word buildingacknowledge—acknowledgementadmire—admirable—admirationaesthetic—aestheticism—aesthete—aestheticsanonymous—anonymityroot: synonym, antonym, homonym, pseudonymbehave—behaviorcollide—collisionfloat—floatation (flotation)tragic—tragedycomedy—comicsurvive—survival—survivorunique—uniquenessemploy—employment—employee—employerc.f. train, trainee, trainer, traininge.g. Y ou can employ your spare time more effectively. (make use of)injure—injuryc.f. injure 事故受伤事故中伤者wound 战斗受伤战斗中伤员damage 事物受到损坏hurt 可指心灵伤害president—presidential—presidency (preside)vice ~, former~, be elected/ appointed~during/ under the presidency of George W. Bush 总统职位、任期~ campaign / election/ candidate3. V ocabularyacknowledge1) meaningsHe acknowledged his secret marriage. (agree to the truth of, admit) 承认(They acknowledged that they have been defeated.)He was acknowledged as/ to be their leader. (recognize, accept, admit…as) 认可He acknowledged our help with a present. (show appreciation/ that he is grateful for…) 感谢We must acknowledge his letter. (state that one has received sth) 我们应告诉他来信已收到。
现代大学英语精读2paraphrase1（宝典）
Paraphrases Contemporary English Book II Lesson 1 ... I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. (Para. 1) ... I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City. goto 2 to have just come from a particular place, to have just had a particular experience, e.g. students fresh from college I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. (Para. 2) Subjunctive mood: I didn't point it out in fact. go to 3 I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.Sc. at a university. to intend to do sth. to indicate, register, or show Here the word education is used in a broad sense, which involves not only the process of acquiring knowledge and developing skills, but also that of improving the mind. go to 4 That is to say, he had not entered a technical training school but a university and in universities students enroll for both training and education. (Para. 2) What is the difference between training and education, according to the writer? Training is preparation for a job, or a career, such as the training in a certain skill. Education, on the other hand, is learning to develop one's mental and moral powers. "For the rest of your life," I said, "your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours." (Para.4) to come to an average or ordinary level or standard, esp. after being higher or lower More examples: Meals at the university average out to about 10 yuan per day. The restaurant's monthly profits averaged out at 30% last year. go to 5 You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn't jump the fence, or that your client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. (Para. 5) go to 6 You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you're a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn't get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client. In addition to all other things these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family-wife and children. Noun clause, used as predicative go to 7 Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. (Para. 5) I hope that your income will always be enough. go to 8 They will be your income, and may it always suffice. (Para. 5) Inverted sentence, used in a blessing. e.g. May they live long! go to 9 "I hope you make a lot of it, " I told him, "because you're going to be badly stuck for something to do when you're not signing checks." (Para. 8) Notice the sarcastic tone of the writer. If you don't have any goal in life apart from making money to satisfy your desire for material riches, go ahead and make a lot of it. not to know what to do in a particular situation More examples: You've no business telling me what to do. She has no business reading your mail. go to 10 If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man's development we call history-then you have no business being in college. (Para. 9) to have no right to do sth., shouldn't have been/be doing sth. If you are too anxious to make money, too ignorant to see your limitations, then you couldn't regard those great people's minds as a gift to your humanity, and thus you can't be a developed human. go to 11 If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. (Para. 12) "too... to..."structure object of the verb "accept" ... when I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include. (Para. 14) "except" used as a conjunctive, introducing an adverbial clause The end of Sentence Paraphrase. both as specialists and as humans: as persons who have specialized and are trained in a certain subject or skill and as civilized creatures and thinking animals Lesson 2 11 Not that we didn't have our troubles. (Para. 5) When I say the year I got Maheegun was the happiest year of my life, I don't mean that Maheegun never caused troubles. although it is not true that... e.g. She loved music but seldom went to concerts-not that she couldn't afford to. To be continued on the next page. Maheegun would poke his head around the corner, waiting for things to quiet down. (Para. 5) would + v.: a past habit (At such times) he would move and stay somewhere out of Grandma's sight, and wait until her anger died down. 22 To be continued on the next page. And in the fall, after the first snow our games took us to the nearest meadows in search of field mice. (Para. 6) 33 When it was getting cold, and there were no more grasshoppers, we had to go the nearest meadow to hunt field mice. to make sb./sth. go from one level, or situation to another, e.g. His job as a UN official took him to over sixty countries. To be continued on the next page. It all served to fog my mind with pleasure so that I forgot my Grandpa's repeated warnings, and one night left Maheegun unchained. (Para. 8) to have a particular effect or result, e.g. The blanket could serve to keep the rain out for a while. 44 Figurative, to confuse or hide Objective complement To be continued on the next page. On top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still, ears pointed, alert, listening. (Para. 11) Absolute construction that describes the state the wolf was in sitting on the rock. The clear figureof a big wolf was sitting without moving on the top of the rock. His ears were raised and he seemed to be listening to something. 55 To be continued on the next page. Everything in the snow-covered wildness seemed to be aroused/stirred by the passionate cry of Maheegun. 66 to feel excited at sth. To be continued on the next page. The whole white world thrilled to that wild cry. (Para. 14) "He will take her for life, hunt for her, protect her. This is the way the Creator planned life. No man can change it." (Para. 16) Cultural Note: According to the first part of the Bible, God created the world and everything in it in six days, and on the seventh day God rested. When God made human beings, he made a man called Adam out of the earth, and then made a woman called Eve out of Adam's ribs (one of the curved bones that surround your chest). God assigned different roles to Adam and Eve-the first man and woman, Adams role being to take care of Eve, provide for her and protect her, and also to guide her. God created living creatures in the same way. 77 all ones' life God To be continued on the next page. There was only one thing to do. Camp for the night and hope that by morning the storm would have blown itself out. (Para. 25) I knew that it was dangerous to move on in the blinding snow, and that the only thing to do was to stay where I was and get some sleep during the night and hope that I would find the snowstorm had stopped the next morning. 88 Subjunctive mood is used here because the storm didn't stop the next day. To be continued on the next page. 99 The light of another day still saw no end to the storm. I began to get confused. I couldn't recall whether it had been storming for three or four days. (Para. 26) to be the time when/the place where an event happens; to witness When the first gray light of another day came, the storm was going on. I found myself unable to think clearly. I couldn't tell whether the snowstorm had continued into its third or fourth day. To becontinued on the next page. The cold and loss of blood were taking their toll. (Para. 36)10 10 As I had lost a lot of blood, and it was extremely cold, I was sick and weak. to havea bad effect on sb./sth. over a long period of time To be continued on the next page. It was quite some time before my eyes came into focus enough to see my grandfather sitting by my bed. (Para. 41) It took quite some time for my eyes to adjust themselves to be able to see clearly my grandfather sitting by my bed. The end of Sentence Paraphrase.11 11 Lesson 3 11 We already have 2.4 million people under some form of correctional supervision, 412,000 of them locked away in a prison cell. (Para. 1) In this country, there are already 2.4 million people who are receiving punishment in one form or another; 412,000 of them are serving their prison terms. a euphemism, meaning being disciplined, or being made to improve one's behavior under the charge of the community, etc. as a punishment To be continued on the next page. 11 Cultural note: In the U.S., besides imprisonment, there are other forms of punishment. For example, young people who break the law can be put into a reform school where they receive training. Or they might be required to do community service work for a fixed number of hours. go to 2 22 Countries like Saudi Arabia can afford to give out harsh punishments precisely because they have so little crime. (Para. 2) go to 3 Cultural note: In some Islamic countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Yemen, severe punishment is enforced on crimes of any kind. For example, murderers are invariably put to death, and pickpockets, thieves and robbers are often punished, by having their hands cut off. 33 But can we afford to cut off the hands of those who committed more than 35 million property crimes each year? Can we send them to prison? Can we execute more than 22,000 murderers? (Para. 2) But can we cut off the hands of those who committed more than 35 million crimes of stealing, mugging or robbery each year? Can we put all of them into prison? Can we put to death the more than 22,000 murderers each year? Can we do all that without arousing cries of protests? rhetorical questions, and use of repetition To be continued on the next page. 33 go to 4 Cultural note: In the U.S., even when the suspect involved in a murder case is caught, he is more often than not found innocent because the accused is held "innocent until proven guilty" and is convicted "beyond reasonable doubt", and it is not so easy to find evidence about which no reasonable doubt can be raised. 无罪推定,排除合理疑点后才能判罪Note the irony in comparing university enrollment and imprisonment. 44 Just as the decline in the number of high- school graduates has made it easier to gain admission to the college of one's choice, the gradual increase in the criminal population has made it more difficult to get into prison. (Para. 4) The increasing number of crimes has made it more difficult to get criminals into prison while the decreasing number of high-school graduates has made it easier to be admitted into the college of a person's choice. go to 5 Note the sarcasm in this remark. 55 While elite colleges and universities still have high standards of admissions, some of the most "exclusive" prisons now require about five prior serious crimes before an inmate is accepted into their correctional program. (Para. 4) There is a similarity between prisons and universities in their recruiting policy. You've got to be outstanding candidates to get into the best colleges and universities. Similarly, certain prisons for dangerous criminals only accept those who have committed five serious crimes before being convicted for the present one. go to 6 66 Our current crop of prisoners is an elite group, on the whole much more serious offenders than those who were once imprisoned in Alcatraz. (Para. 4) Our present imprisoned criminal populationis indeed composed of first-rate criminals. On the whole, they are much more seriouslaw-breakers than those who were put in a prison for the dangerous criminals of the country in the thirty years between the early 1930s and early 1960s. go to 7 here used ironically 77 The police can't find most criminals and those they do find are difficult and costly to convict. (Para. 5) First, the police force is unable to find most criminals. Second, it is difficult to prosecute those they have found, try them and finally get a court to declare them guilty, and it costs a lot of money to do so, too. To be continued on the next page. 77 Cultural note: According to the judicial system of the U.S., a criminal is tried by a jury who reaches a verdict of innocent or guilty. The accused is to be found guilty "beyond reasonable doubt". This makes it difficult to convict a criminal, for his lawyers can always raise a reasonable doubt concerning the evidence, the testimony or the reliability of the witnesses. Also, collecting evidence and having a trial cost a lot of money. Sometimes a trial might last months, or even years as the nine- month trial of O. J. Simpson, famous American football player and actor, who was charged with murdering his former wife and her boy friend, but eventually declared innocent. go to 8 88 Yet when measured against the lower crime rates this would probably produce, longer prison sentences are not worth the cost to state and local governments. (Para. 7) If criminals were kept longer in prison, crime rates would probably go down. But when we consider the money that state and local governments have to pay for this, longer prison sentences are not worthwhile. compared with go to 9 keeping them locked up for longer periods of time 99 Even if released prisoners commit an average of two crimes each, this would amount to only 15,000 crimes prevented: a drop in the bucket when measured against the 41 million crimes committed each year. (Para. 8) go to 10 an amount of sth., that is too small or unimportant to make any real difference 杯水车薪,小巫见大巫 e.g. What we have raised is just a drop in the bucket. The project will need far more. 10 10 Thefirst-year operating cost would be $150,000 per crime prevented, worth it if the victim were you or me, but much too expensive to be feasible as a national policy. (Para. 9) $150,000 would be worth it if there were only one person's life, such as yours or mine, to save, but such a policy would be much too expensive to carry out nationwide. go to 11 11 11 This essay, one of the series discussing crime and punishment, begins and ends with the same statement: dealing with crime severely won't work. an item that forms part of a book, magazine, broadcast, discussion, etc. My contribution to the public debate begins and ends with this simple observation: getting tough with criminals is not the answer. (Para. 10) The end of Sentence Paraphrase. a remark, or statement Lesson 5 All the things considered, he thought it was a bad idea. (Para. 2) absolute construction go to 2 Sometimes his wife got this look where she pinched her brows together and bit her lower lip. (Para. 4) "Where" is used to indicate a relative clause. It can be used after words referring to an aspect of a situation, or a stage in sth. He squeezed to see how deep the wound was. (Para. 18) Noun clause introduced by "how" functions as the object of "see". go to 3 Pun: "Wound" refers to both the cut and injury to feelings. "Yes, different," he snapped, angry with her resorting to this trick of repeating his words so that they sounded hypocritical. (Para. 16) spoke abruptly and sharply go to 4 to turn to the help of the trick adjective phrase as subject complement appositive structure linked by "of" While he was at it, he decided, he might as well mop the floor. (Para. 42) go to 5 had better he was doing the dishes He thought the years they had spent together, and how close they were, and how well they k。
现代大学英语第二册第一课知识点总结
Alfred KaoLesson OnePart One: Words Study1. accomplishment n. sth. completed successfully; an achievementa girl of many accomplishments 多才多艺的姑娘Among her accomplishments weresewing, cooking, playing the piano and dancing.accomplish v.to succeed in doing; to reach the end ofaccomplish one’s object 达到目的accomplish one’s mission 完成使命He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class. accomplishedadj.very good at a particular thing; having a lot of skillsan accomplished artist/actor/chef2. assume v.a. to take for granted; to supposeThey had assumed that prices would rise these days, but in fact they were wrong.b. to take upon oneselfassume one ’s responsibility/ other ’s debt assumed adj.assumed name 伪名assumption n.a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen,although there is no proofan underlying/implicit assumption 潜在的/含蓄的假想We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. It was impossible to make assumptions about people's reactions. assuming ed to suppose that sth is true so that you can talkaboutwhat the results might beI hope to go to college next year, always assuming I pass my exams. assumptive adj.3. body a. a group of people as a unit who work and act together,often for an official purpose , or who are connected in some other way. a legislative body / a law-making bodyb. the main part of sth.The body of the writing is not well-developed.the body of a vehicle / buildingc. a body/ bodies of sth. = large amount of sth. a body of rumour/ evidence/ information4.certify v. to confirm formally as true, accurate, orgenuine~ (that)…He handed her a piece of paper certifying (that) she was in good health.Thisis to certify that… ~ sb/sth + adj.He was certified dead on arrival. ~ sb/sth (as) sthThe accounts were certified (as) correct by the finance department. ~ sb/sth to be/do sthThe plants must be certified to be virus free. certified accountant 注册会计师5. enrollv. to arrange for yourself or somebody else to officially join acourse , school , etc.We enrolled in the army.Universities will enroll new students this spring. enrollee n. a person who has officially joined a course,etc.enrolmentn.School enrollment is currently falling.6.expose v. a. to subject or allow to be subjected to anaction or aninfluence 使受影响The parents exposed their children to classical music at home.b. to subject (a photographic film, for example) to theaction of light 使曝光The film has been exposed.c. to make known (sth. discreditable);to reveal (the guiltor wrongdoing of)揭发The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without anyreserve.exposed adj. not protected from attack or sheltered from bad weatherexposure n. a. the state of being in a placeor a situation where is noprotection from sth. harmful or unpleasantThey risked exposure to harmful radiation.b. the fact of being discussed on television, in newspapers, etc.(=publicity)Her movie has a lot of exposure in the media.7.facultyn. a.any of the powers of the body or mindthe faculty of the sight; mental facultiesb. department or group of related departmentsin a universitythe Faculty of Lawc.the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in thewhole universityThe entire faculty of the university will attendthe meeting.8.freshadj. to have just come from a particular place; to have just hada particular experienceStudents fresh from Business schoolshould have a three-monthprobation in the company .freshness n.We guarantee the freshness of all our produce.freshlyadv.freshly ironed shirtsfreshenv.The rain had freshened the air.Can Ifreshen your drink, sir?freshen oneself upFresher/ freshmansophomorejuniorseniorgraduatepostgraduate9.generatev. to produce as a result of a chemical orphysical processWhen coal burns, it generates heat.a generating station 发电站generation n.the generation of electricitygenerator n.the wind generator 风能发电机Alfred KaoAlfred Kaothe UK ’s major electricity generator 发电公司 generative adj.human adj./n. 人的/人类humanly adv. 在人所能及的范围内 humane adj. 仁慈的；人道的 humanely adv.仁慈地；人道地 humanism n. 人道主义 humanitariann. 人道主义者humanity n. 人道/人性/人文 humanizev.使人性化10. literaladj. a. being the basic or usual meaning of a word or a phraseThe literal meaning of “petrify ” is to turn stones b. that follows the original words exactly a literal translation c. lacking imaginationHer interpretation of the music is too literal. literalness Un.literary adj. connected with literature literary criticism/theoryliterate adj. able to read and writeThough nearly twenty, he was barely literate. illiterate adj.literacyn.11. rear n. a behind partThere are toilets at both front and rear of the plane bring up the rearto be at the back or at lastDavid was the first to reach the summit, followed by pat, leaving Tom to bring up the rear.v. to care for young children or animals until they are grownShe reared a family of five on her own.rear sb./ sth. onsth.to give a people or an animal a particular kind of food,entertainment, etc. while they are young.I was the son of sailors, and reared on stories of the sea. rearing n. the process of raising a child as he grows up12. sufficev. to be enough for sb./ sth.Generally a brief note or a phone call will suffice. One example will suffice to illustrate the point.Suffice it to say that …足以说明…I won ’t go into all details. Suffice it to say that the whole event was a complete disaster.sufficiency n. an amount of something that is enough for a particularpurposea sufficiency of well-trained teachers sufficient adj. insufficient adj. self-sufficient adj. sufficiently adv.Part Two: Phrases Study 刚从……离开；刚经历过……be fresh out of……中的一员全体学生part ofthe student body抱着胳膊fold on e’s arms仿佛在说as if to say对……新鲜；陌生be new to指出point out得到reach for碾碎药片grind the pills专门从事于specialize in暴露在……；接触……be exposed to想出一个主意generate an idea在历史的进程中within the history呆在……be around像这样阐述put it this way平均为……average out to保持稳定、有效tend to hold专业技能professional skills确保……；保证……see to it that躲避；不存在；不含有stay out of跳出篱笆jump the fence受电刑go to the electric chair 有用的活动、事业useful pursuits连同……along with基本的满足感basic satisfactions养活妻子support on e’s wife抚养孩子rear your children养家raise a family有点；某种sort of深刻性的见解penetrating ideas主管一个家庭preside over a family保持关联maintain contact with民主的智者great democratic intellect一个对艺术敏感的人 a reasonably sensitive man因……卡住be stuck for签发票sign checks大学的意义、作用the business of college让某人接触某事put sb in touch with为了……的延续for the continuity of美术fine arts没资格做……have no business doing新物种new species of有勇无谋的野蛮人mechanized savage机械化的push-button Neanderthal行尸走肉life forms一个有教养的人 a civilized human刻在石头上cut into the stone有可能……The chances are保持清醒stay awake能从过去中学到……what the past learned for you 人类的精神财富mankind’s spiritual resources 储存在……be stored in特别的成就peculiar accomplishmentAlfred Kao……的碎片fragments of实际上in literal time在本质上in essence急于赚钱too much in a hurry一个成熟的人 a developed human一个民主的市民 a useful citizen of a democracy 大学文科liberal arts专科学校specialized schools尝试；努力做in one’s attempt to使某人……成为可能make available to sb.Part Three: Extension1.Word Building----izedrama dramatize 使戏剧化Helen Hellenize 使希腊化idol idolize 偶像崇拜anesthetic anesthetize 施以麻醉tyranny tyrannize 压制Pasteur Pasteurize 巴氏消毒material materialize 具体化botany botanize 采集植物capital capitalize 使资本化；大写central centralize 使集中化final finalize 完成hospital hospitalize 送……入院ideal idealize 使理想化natural naturalize 加入国籍；归化social socialize 使社会化apology apologize 道歉civilization civilize 教化fertilization fertilize 施肥industrial industrialize 使工业化real realize 实现special specialize 专门从事western westernize 使西方化colony colonize 将……开拓为殖民地local localize 使地域化normal normalize 使标准化oriental Orientalize 使东方化private privatize 使私有化global globalize 使全球化robot robotize 使自动化standard standardize 使标准化2.Word Building----fybase basify 碱化clarity clarify 澄清class classify 分类identity identify 鉴别intense intensify 加强just justify 证明……有道理note notify 通知pure purify 净化quality qualify 使……合格simple simplify 简化Alfred Kaounity unify 使统一；联合electricity electrify 使充电；使电气化sign signify 意味着；有……的意思3.Expanded expressionsmake a distinction betweensimplified novelsget around with the difficultythe ever-increasing crime ratein the first half of the yearnuclear power stationinterfere in other countries’ internal affairsgive a straightforward answerresort to such meansin the years aheadanaffectionate lettertoss aroundcommute tostorm out ofcontend with sthbe superior to sthon one’s minddo on e’s level best to do sthpropagandize for/against sthbe overwhelmed with sthnameless dreadskip doing sthAlfred Kao。
杨立民《现代大学英语精读(2)》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(Unit 6)
Unit 6一、词汇短语Text Awrench [] n. 扳手；（离别等的）痛苦；猛扭vt. 猛扭，使扭伤；歪曲，曲解；使痛苦，折磨【例句】I wrenched the door open. 我把门扭开了。
【词组】wrench sth off (sth.)/wrench sb./sth. away 猛扭或猛拉某人[某物]使之脱离某物【助记】法国人（French）把他（t）扔进了壕沟里（trench），我（w）把他扭伤（wrench）。
【派生】wretched adj. 可怜的，不幸的；（令人）苦恼的，讨厌的；恶劣的；卑鄙的，无耻的patchwork [] n. 缝缀而成的衣物或工艺品（缝合起来的形形色色的缝织物）【例句】That proposal is nothing else other than a patchwork. 那个建议只是一个大杂烩而已。
【词组】wheat straw/stalk patchwork 麦秆画a patchwork of fields seen from an aeroplane 从飞机上俯瞰的块块田地patchwork quilt 拼布床单；用小块布缝缀的被罩woodland [] n. 林区，林地adj.林地的；居住在森林中的【例句】①Our house backs onto a piece of woodland. 我们的房屋后面是一块林地。
②The cutting of forests is threatening woodland species. 砍伐森林也正威胁着林地鸟类。
surround [] v. 包围，环绕n. 围绕物adj. 环绕立体声的【例句】The house is in beautiful surroudings. 这房子的环境优美。
【词组】surround sb./sth. (with sb./sth.)（使某人、某物）包围某人、某物；围住某人、某物（尤指使之无法脱逃）【派生】surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的surroundings n. 环境，周围的事物verge [] v. 接近，濒临；趋向n. 边，边缘；界限【例句】She was on the verge of suicide. 她濒临自杀的边缘。
现代大学英语精读2课后答案
海内存知己，天涯若比邻。
现代大学英语精读第二册练习与答案2007-1-22 16:59:28Lesson One Another School Year --- What For?I . Discuss the following questions:1) Why did the professor draw a line between training and education? In what way are they different?2) Are universities only for job training according to the professor? What else should a student strive for in a university3) How did the professor try to prove the importance of book-reading?4) How would you respond if your brother or sister or your best friend declares that he/she is only interested in learning some job skill and therefore has no use for literature, politics, philosophy, history, art, music, etc.?5) Discuss with or interview a classmate, find out his/her ideas, summarize them and report back briefly to the class: Is education for living or make a living?II. V ocabulary1. Practice using the rules of word formation.1) Examine how the words specialize and simplify are formed. Find out the meanings of the suffixes “–ize” and “–fy”.specialize:____ + ____ simplify: ____ + ____2) Turn the following nouns or adjectives into verbs that end with the suffix “–ize” and vice versa.Example: computer (n.) + -ize computerize (v.)Noun/Ajective Verbcapital __________central __________final __________hospital __________ideal ____________________ apologize__________ civilize__________ fertilize__________ industrialize__________ realize3) Turn the following nouns or adjectives into verbs that end with the suffix “–fy”.Example: beauty (n.) + -fyNoun/adjective Verbclarity __________class __________identity __________intense __________just __________4) Complete the sentences based on the Chinese given in the brackets. (1) If the grass is greener on the other side of the fence, it is a time for you to ________ (施肥) your lawn.(2) Just enjoy the little things you are doing. When you look back, you will ________ (意识到) they were doing the big things.(3) Walt Disney ________（总结）how he made his dreams come true in four C’s: curiosity, confidence, courage and constancy.(4) The plan was ________ (批评) as too idealistic and impractical.(5) The waste water is now ________ (净化) and then used for irrigation.(6) The training courses aims to ________ (使合格) them as teachers of English.(7) How can you ________ (说明有正当理由的) your behavior?(8) The freshmen will first read some ________ (简写) stories.(9) Books can be ________ (分类) in different ways.(10) I was really ________ (害怕的) when I was told that 500 million people would watch my performance.2. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms.to average out (to a certain number)to be exposed toto be out toto be stuckto be true ofto do with sth.to have no business doing sth.to put sb. In touch withto see to sth./to see to it that clauseto specialize to1) They said that they would __________ no more trees are cut from now on2) When he first retired, he felt very uncomfortable. He did not know what to __________ all his time.3) If you want to know this, I can __________ a real expert.4) Meals at the hotel __________20 yuan per day.5) James protested that others __________ saying such things about him.6) Eric told me that everything in the hospital was first-rate, and so was it __________ its doctors and nurses.7) They were shocked to hear Professor Jin say that a company should not __________ make profit only.8) My father was a historian. He __________ the history of the Ming Dynasty.9) There are several ways to get around the difficulties when you __________ in the middle of a sentence.10)Some sociologists argue that the ever-increasing crimerate is due to the fact that people __________ too much violence in TV programs.11) In the first half of the year, Li Fan’s income __________ 6,000yuan per month.12) They promised to __________ the nuclear power station would be safe.3.Choose the right word and put it in the proper form..i . to say to speak to talk to tell1) “I can __________ you how to start, but you’l l have to work out the answeryourself, ” __________ Mr. Baker.2) She insisted that parents should try to find out why children sometimes __________ lies.3) Would you please stop __________? We can’t hear what the speaker is __________.4) He __________ a few words about himself and then on to __________ about the recent development in the Sino-Russian relationship.5) We learned from what students __________ about him that he __________ four languages.ii . fairly rather1) The food was__________ good, but not as delicious as in the other restaurant.2) She speaks __________ fluently, but her pronunciation is __________ poor.3) It’s___ hot here in the room. Will you please open the window?iii . sensitive sensible1) I didn’t mean you .You are too__________..2) I thank it was a very __________ thing for you to do on such occasions.3) It was __________ of them to withdraw their troops from that area.4. Complete the sentences based on the Chinese given in the brackets.1) The town used to __________ almost entirely __________ (依靠) tourism for its economic development .2) The president asked me to __________ (主持) the meeting on his behalf .3) I told them that Mr. Shen __________ ( 坚持) their giving a straightforward answer4) No country has the right to __________ (干涉) other countries’internal affairs .5) His grandparents __________ (渴望) his return to his own country .6) In the last twenty years his research __________ (集中) a new strain of rice .7) All this __________ (同意了的) at our last discussion .I don’t see why we need to talk about it again .8) Alice is still __________ (犹豫) the choice between the tow jobs .9) They would never __________ ( 采取) these means to get rich .10) There is no use __________ (埋怨) the situation we are in . We should take action and __________ (依靠) ourselves o change it for the better .11) Do you remember the name of the Chinese who __________ (成功) swimming across the English Channel ?5.Put in the missing words.If you are like most people, your intelligence (1) __________ from season .You are (2) __________ a lot sharper in spring than you are at any (3)___ time of the year. Spring appears to be the best (4) __________ of the year for thinking. One (5) __________ may be that in spring man’s mental (6) __________ are affected by the same factors that bring (7) __________ great changes in all nature.Autumn is the next best season, (8) __________ winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to (9) __________ a long vacation from thinking! It has been (10) __________ that cool weather is much more favorable (11) __________creative thinking than is summer hear. This does not (12) __________ that all people are (13) __________ intelligent in summer than they (14) __________ during the rest of the year. It (15) __________ mean , however , that the mental powers of large numbers of people (16) __________ to be lowest in summer.III . Grammar1. Complete the following sentence wit one of these ways of expressing future time, using the verbs in the brackets.shall/will shall/will be doing shall/will have donebe to do sth. be doing sth. be going to do sth.1) It has been decided that Beijing __________ (host) the 2008 Olympics.2) The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics __________ (complete) by 2006.3) The central government __________ (do) do what is within its power to help make the event a success.4) Thousands of people __________ (work) as volunteers when the games __________(hold).5) There __________ (be) no financial problem for Beijing in organizing the games.6) By then the air in Beijing __________ (be) cleaner.7) By then all factories that cause serious air, water or noise pollution __________ (move) out of the city.8) Beijing __________ (be) more beautiful in 2008.9) Many people in Beijing __________ (learn) English in the seven years ahead.10) Both the government and the people of Beijing __________ (work) hard to make the Beijing Olympics one of the best in history.2. Combine each pair of the sentences, using the right emphasizing coordinate conjunctions.not…butnot only …but alsoboth …andeither … orneither …or1). His brother is a lawyer. His sister is a lawyer, too.2). What they lack is not money. What they lack is experience.3). They have come to china to learn Chinese. They have also come to china to learn about her culture.4). I find the new manager is not easy to get along with. I find he is not delightful to talk to, either.5). You may write your essay in your regular exercise book. You may print a copy if you do it on your computer.3. Put in the right preposition from the list below.about along with as at behind by for from in into like near of off on on to out of round to under upon with beside1) Professor Li spoke __________ an expert __________ modern Chinese literature.2) He talks __________ a computer expert, but really he knows little.3) In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were __________ work.4) __________ her 21st birthday, her parents sent her a leather coat __________ an affectionate letter.5) The manager’s office is large and airy. __________ the window is a CEO-type of desk. An office chair stands __________ the desk. Future back __________ the corner there is a floor-to-ceiling bookcase filled __________ books, magazines, etc.6) Everyone knows him __________ Old Arthur. He lives __________ a little hut __________ the middle of a small wood, about a mile __________ the village. He goes __________ the village twice a week to buy food, and occasionally he collects letters and his pension __________ the post office.7) This is what old Arthur said __________ himself __________ a reporter __________ the local newspaper: “I get up every morning __________ the birds. There is a stream __________ my hut and I fetch water __________ there. It’s good, clear, fresh water, better than you get __________ the city. Occasionally, __________ winter, I have to break the ice. I cook simple food__________ my stove; mostly stews and things __________ that. I don’t have much money, but I think I’m a lucky man.”8) Recently I came __________ a little group __________ worried people, gathered __________ a man lying __________ the pavement __________ a busy London road. They were waiting __________ an ambulance, because the man had been knocked down __________ a passing taxi. Apparently he had stepped the pavement and __________ the street, to avoid walking a ladder. This superstition goes back the days when the gallows were built a platform. To get up __________ the platform you had to clime a ladder. To pass __________ that ladder therefore was considered very unlucky.IV . Written workSuppose you are the writer and write what you said to the tall student about the purpose of a university in about 130 words. Your retelling should contain three parts.1. How you came to talk about it2. What you said3. What you pointed in conclusionKey to the exercisesII . V ocabulary1. Practice using the rules of word formation.1) Examine how the words specialize and simplify are formed. Find out the meanings of the suffixes “–ize” and “–fy”.suffixes “–ize”, from Greek, is used to form verbs meaning:(1) to cause to be, to make(2) to become(3) to put into the stated placesuffixes “–fy”, from Latin, is used to form verbs meaning: to cause to be, to make.2) Turn the following nouns or adjectives into verbs that end with the suffix “–ize” and vice versa.capitalize apologycentralize civilfinalize fertilehospitalize industrialidealize real3) Turn the following nouns or adjectives into verbs that end with the suffix “–fy”clarify classify identify intensify justify4) Complete the sentences based on the Chinese given in the brackets.(1) fertilize (2) realize (3) summarized (4) criticized (5) purified(6) qualify (7) justify (8) simplified (9) classified (10) terrified2. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms.(1) see to it that (2)do with (3)put you in touch with(4)average out to(5) had no business (6)true of (7)be out to (8)specialized in (9) are stuck (10)are exposed to (11)averaged out to (12)seeto it that3. Choose the right word and put it in the proper form.i 1) tell, said 2) tell 3) talking, saying 4) said, speak/talk 5) said, spokeii 1) fairly 2)fairly, rather 3) ratheriii 1) sensitive 2) sensible 3) sensible4. Complete the sentences based on the Chinese given in the brackets.1) depend on/upon 2)preside over 3)insisted on 4)interfere in/with5)are longing for/longed for 6)has been concentrated on 7)was agreed on/upon 8)hesitating about/over 9)resort to 10)complaining about, rely on/upon 11)succeeded in5. Put in the missing words.(1)varies (2)probably (3)other (4)period (5)reason (6)powers (7)about (8)then (9)take (10)found (11)for (12)mean (13)less (14)are (15)does (16)tendIII . Grammar1. Complete the following sentence wit one of these ways of expressing future time, using the verbs in the brackets.1) will host2) will have been completed/will be completed3) shall/will do4) will work, is held5) will be6) is going to be/will be7) will have (been) moved8) will be9) are going to learn10) are going to work2.2. Combine each pair of the sentences, using the right emphasizing coordinate conjunctions.1) Both his sister and brother are lawyers.2) What they lack is not money but experience.3) They have come to China not only to learn Chinese, but also to learn about her culture as well.4) I find the new manager neither easy to get along with nor delightful to talk to.5) You may either write your essay in your regular exercise book or print a copy if you do it on your computer.3. Put in the right preposition from the list below.1) as, on2) like3) out of4) For/On, along with5) By/Near, behind, in, with6) as, in, in, from, to/into, at/from7) about, to, from, with, near, from, in, in, on, like 8) on/upon, of, round, on, beside, for, by, off, into, under, to, on, on to, underIV . Written workSuppose you are the writer and write what you said to the tall student about the purpose of a university in about 130 words. Sample:One day back in January of 1940 , a student came to my office and told me that he had come to college to be a pharmacist. He said he didn’t see why he should read Shakespeare. I tried, to the best of my ability, to explain what a university is supposed to do. I told him that the job of a university was to produce/ turn out specialists is who were at the same time civilized citizens. In other words, the business of a university is not only to help its students acquire knowledge and professional skills, but also to put them in touch with the great minds of the past. I pointed out that if a person just wanted to be a mechanized savage he had no business being in college.Lesson Two Maheegun My BrotherI. Do you have a similar story to tell? Is it also about a wolf, about how a dog saved his little master from drowning, about how a horse saved a horseman, about how a tiger rapid the kindness of a doctor who had cured his skin trouble? OK, go ahead and tell us.II. Vocabulary1. Practice using the rules of word formation.? Complete the following sentences with the words in their proper forms from the list below. Write N (noun) or V (verb). bandage hit waste journey risk camp(1)You can’t run a business without taking __________. ()(2)The secret of his successful business is that he gets ahead during the time others __________. ()(3)Success is a __________, not a destination. ()(4)The old city area has been heavily__________ by the earthquake. ()(5)She has __________successfully across the desert. ()(6)The weather was fine, so we decided to __________ out for the night. ()(7)The soldier refuse to leave his comrades. He __________ his head and continued to fight. ()2) Study how the compound words“snow-filled”(para.23) and “blood-soaked”(para.29) are formed.snow-filled (adj.): ___ + ____ (meaning: filled with snow) blood-soaked (adj.) ____ + ___ (meaning: soaked with blood)Put the following phrases into Chinese.o a state-owned factoryo home-made cakeso heart-felt thankso an enemy-occupied areao snow-covered fieldso test-oriented educationo government-controlled shareso a poverty-stricken villageo a student-centered approacho sugar-coated pillsplete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms.all for the bestat the edge ofin search ofin sth’s or sb’s placeto below itself outto quite downto come into focusto work one’s way out of? Mr. Watson put up a fence __________ his vegetable field to keep the passersby from crossing it.? Before I wrote his biography, I spent almost two years in the national library __________ information about him.? The chairperson tried to make the discussion __________ because it was impossible to solve all the problems just in one afternoon.? He decided to take the job although it didn’t pay well. He felt it was probably__________.? It took them a whole week to __________ the big forest.? When the storm finally __________, they found three people missing.? Ms. Wu acted __________ while he was away on holiday. ? The people were extremely angry. They shouted in loud protest. It took the mayor 10 minutes to make them __________.? For days, warships and fishing boats were sent to that area __________ survivors.? When the moving objects __________, we found that they were only swans.3.Choose the right phrasal verbs in the brackets and put them in proper forms.? I felt a sharp pain when the nurse__________ (tear away, tear off) the blood-soaked bandage from the wound in my leg.? I was walking along the river the other day when I saw a kid fall into the water. I immediately __________ (tear away, tear off) my jacket and jumped into the river to save them.? The old houses have been __________ (tear off, tear down) to make room for a new shopping center.? The sunset was so beautiful in the mountains that we had trouble ourselves __________. (tear away, tear off)4.Put the Chinese into English.? 他们把病人的档案全储存在计算机里了。
现代大学英语第二版精读2期末复习
UNIT 1 Accomplishment 完成Acquire获得Arrogantly傲慢地Arts艺术Aspirin阿司匹林Assume猜想Available可用的Average平均Beanpole瘦长的人Bull公牛Certify证明Civilized文明的Client客户Contain包含Continuity延续性Cyanide氰化物Democratic民主的Disaster灾难Drugstore杂货店Employ雇佣Enroll登记Essence本质Expertise专门技术Expose接触Faculty全体教员Fragment碎片Generate使形成Graduate获得学位的Grind磨碎Hip髋Humanity人类Implicitly含蓄地Incompetence无能Inevitable必然的Intellect思维能力Invent发明Literal文学的Limitation局限Maintain维持Mechanize使机械化Neanderthal穴居人Nevertheless然而Peculiar特殊的Penetrating理解能力强的人Pest讨厌的人Pharmacy药剂Philosophy哲学Physicist物理学家Pill药剂Preside主持Professional专业的Pursuit追求Push-button按钮操作的Qualified合格的Raise养育Rear培养Resources资源Savage原始的Scroll名册Semester学期Sensitive敏感的Shudder发抖Skill技能Specialize专门从事Species种类Specimen某种类型的人Spiritual精神上的Store储存Stuck不知所措的Suffice使满足Unaided独立的UNIT 4Account 解释Acknowledge 承认Admirable 令人钦佩的Aesthetic 美学的Anonymity 无名的Balding 变秃的Behave 表现Behavior 行为Belt 带子Blast 一阵Budget 预算Casualty 遇难者Challenge 挑战Chaotic 无序的Chunk 大块Clash 碰撞声Collision 冲突Commitment 承诺Congressional 国会的Crash 坠毁Desperate 极想望的Dip 浸泡Distinction 区别Doze 假寐Element 成分Emotional 情绪的Employee 雇员Essential 本质的Flight 航班Florida 弗罗里达Flotation 浮起Freeze 结冰Grope 摸索Gull 海鸥Harsh 严酷的Helicopter 直升机High 集中的Immovable 不动的Impact 碰撞Impersonal 无人情味的Injured 受伤的Jet 喷气飞机Lifeline 救生索Likewise 同样地Location 位置Monument 纪念碑Occasion 时机Possibility 可能Potomac 波托马克河Presidential 总统的Principle 原则Proof 证明Remark 言辞Represent 展现Section 部分Skid 滑橇Slap 掌击Standoff 对峙Stewardess 女服务员Stick 刺Stunning 极好的Survivor 幸存者Tragedy 悲剧Unidentified 未确认的Unique 独特的Universal 宇宙的UNIT 10Absorb 吸收AD 公元Bakery 烤炉Band 一群Bay 海湾Beetle 甲壳虫Board 上船Branch 分支Clatter 撞击声Cloudburst 倾盆大雨Cluster 使成群Collapse 倒塌Column 栏Cram 塞满Crater 火山口Crouch 蹲下Descend 降临Doom 毁灭Drift 漂流Erupt 喷发Explosion 爆炸声Flee 逃走Graze 放牧Harbor 海港Hoof 蹄Huddle 推挤Hurl 丢下Inn 客栈Intact 完好的Jar 坛子Loaf 面包Mediterranean 地中海Mighty 强大的Monoxide一氧化物Nightmare 噩梦Overwhelm 打击Perish 消失Poisonous 有毒的Priest 神父Prosperous 繁荣的Pumice 浮石Quick-witted 头脑敏捷的Reverberate 回响Sack 袋子Savage 凶猛的Shatter 粉碎Shepherd 牧羊者Shimmer 使闪烁Shroud 用…遮蔽Slate 石板Stain 污点Stumble 绊倒Summit 顶点Thicken 变厚Throng 人群Topple 倒塌Torch 火把Trample 践踏Vesuvius 维苏威Victim 受害者Villa 别墅Volcanic 火山的Yawn 打呵欠To be exact 确切地说Hide from sight 藏起来In place 在原地Come to life 复活Restore it to activity 恢复Talk business 谈生意Go over 检查On its way 快到了Break loose 发泄The critical point 临界点Blow UP 爆炸Branch out 扩大范围Die away 逐渐消失At hand 非常近Cram into 塞进becrammed with 塞满Make their way to费了很大劲到Die by the hundreds 成百上千的死亡Descend on 降临到UNIT 11Appalled 震惊Astounded 震惊的Authentic 真实的Broiler烤器Carton 纸板箱Chill 扫兴Chop 排骨Congo刚果Contemptuous 轻视的Cube 立方Define 规定Disgusted厌恶的Dome圆屋顶Eccentric 古怪的Elevator 电梯Frown 皱眉Furor 激怒Gadget 小玩意儿Genuine 真诚的Gesture 姿势Guarded 谨慎的Impulsively 冲动地Indemnity赔偿金Intriguing 有趣的Monetarily 在钱方面Nonetheless尽管如此Numbly 麻木地Pancake烙饼Pat轻拍Pitch 推销Pound 敲打Practical实际的Proposition 提议Repress 抑制Scoffing嘲弄的Screw螺丝钉Shove 推挤Shriek尖叫Shrug耸肩Slippers拖鞋Smash打碎Split 分裂Stack 堆积Steak 牛排Stiffen使坚硬Swallow吞咽Sweep 掠过Transistor 晶体管Tube 管子Vaguely 含糊地Wastebasket废纸篓Whirl使旋转UNIT 1 短语fresh out of刚刚完成reach for伸手拿be exposed to使接触enroll for大学报名put it this way 这么说吧average out to平均为tend to倾向于see to it that确保along with everything else除此之外preside over主持be badly stuck for竭力追求on ones way to doing将要in essence 从本质上●there is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs toknow in order to be a civilized human.●If you are too much in a hurry ,or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept asa gift to your humanitysome pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer or Einstein, you areneither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy.UNIT 4 短语As disasters go 就。
现代大学英语(精读2)1-6课复习
请同学们回答一个问题：
当我们在精读课或泛读课上学习一篇课 文的时候、在口语课或听力课上学习一段对话 的时候，在知识性课程（如“英美文化”、 “英语词汇学”等）上学习一个章节的时候， 我们学习这些语言材料的最终目标是什么？
答案：
1、学会英语表达（输出）
也就是学会做汉译英
2、知识性课程上还要学会相关知识
英语三习
1、学习任何一门外语，都一定要 靠“三习”，即学习、练习和复 习。 2、快学、猛练、常复习。
使用汉译英方法的步骤：
第一步，借助词典等工具书将英语文章或课文读懂。（学
习）
第二步，将文章中有用的句子选择出来，译成地道汉语。 （学习） 第三步，将英语句子读熟。这一步的关键是看着汉语读英 语，边读边做对比。（练习）
?洗碗?dothedishes?下定决心今年要把它保持得井井有条就像商品目录里的图片那样?beresolvedtokeepitlookingneatthisyearjustlikethepicturesinthecatalogues?想要得到一张写着理学学士的证书?meantoreachforascrollthatreadsabachelorofscience?需要培养鼓励和免受敌人毁坏的保护?requiretrainingandencouragementandprotectionfromenemies?一本好书必然是一份礼物
• 4. 能够提升学习境界，将关注重点从语言的一般学习转移到
翻译能力、特别是汉译英能力的提高上来。
使用汉译英方法的终极目标：
只要是学习过的英语句子，
都能看着汉语或想着汉语将英
语准确无误地说出来或写出来。
现代大学英语
（精读2）
第1-6课复习
大学英语精读2课文复习课程
大学英语精读2课文A heated discussion about whether men are braver than women is settled in a rather unexpected way.关于男人是否比女人更勇敢的一场激烈争论以一种颇为出人意料的方式解决了。
Unit 1 The Dinner PartyMona Gardner 晚宴莫娜·加德纳I first heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true — though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down.我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像确有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。
后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之前不久，一家杂志曾刊登过这个故事。
但登在杂志上的那篇故事以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。
The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests — officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist — in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.故事发生在印度。
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• “为什么上学啊？”我问父亲，“我做什么啦？”
• “Why school?” I asked my father. “What have I done?”
• “我不是在惩罚你，”他笑着说，“上学不是一种惩罚。” • “I’m not punishing you,” he said, laughing. “School’s not a punishment.” • 那里能把孩子们培养成有用的人。
• It’s a place that makes useful men out of boys.
• 你不愿意像哥哥们那样成为有用的人吗？ • Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers? • 我没有被说服。 • I was not convinced.
种菜的吸引力是精神上的和道德上的。 The attractions of gardening are neurotic and moral. 种菜也是一种需要道德情操的职业。 Gardening is a moral occupation. 种一个菜园子使你意识到这颗小行星的表面是多么精巧、多么 慷慨，又是多么容易被破坏。 Keeping a garden makes you aware of how delicate, bountiful, and easily ruined the surface of this little planet is. 种一块菜地 keep a garden 皱着眉头，咬着下嘴唇 pinch her brows together and bite her lower lip 专修过药物学 have specialized in pharmacy
只要那人还有一口气，他们就会厮打在一起，一方是大自然， 另一方是人。一方不分善恶，不根据原则行事，不管人的死活， 而另一方则完全明辨是非，遵循原则，或许还坚持信仰。 For as long as that man could last, they went at each other, nature and man; the one making no distinction of good and evil, acting on no principles, offering no lifelines; the other acting wholly on distinctions, principles and, perhaps, on faith. 只有种园子的人才能够不断地让希望重生。 Only the gardener is capable of endlessly reviving so much hope. 指的是他跳入水中将一个受伤的妇女拖到岸上 refer to his jumping into the water to drag an injured woman to shore
下定决心今年要把它保持得井井有条，就像商品目录里的图片 那样 be resolved to keep it looking neat this year, just like the pictures in the catalogues 想要得到一张写着“理学学士”的证书 mean to reach for a scroll that reads a Bachelor of Science 需要培养、鼓励和免受敌人毁坏的保护 require training and encouragement and protection from enemies 一本好书必然是一份礼物。 A great book is necessarily a gift. 一个人假如没读过关于人的书，就不会努力成为一个人。 No one would ever manage to become human if they hadn’t read about it.
我也不太清楚自己为什么要这样做。 I'm not sure why I do this. 我一会儿就出来。 I'll be out in a minute. 我只是不明白一个白人和一个黑人结婚有什么错。 I just don't see what's wrong with a white person marring a black person. 西红柿在一个地方不长，但却喜欢另一个地方，其他作物也都 一样。 Tomato won't grow in one part but loves another, and the same goes for the other crops. 洗碗 do the dishes
答案
牢记学过的句子靠经常复习。 克服汉式英语靠汉英对比。
怎样复习？ 怎样进行汉英对比？
最有效的方法
利用汉译英
• 我走在父亲身边，紧紧抓着他的右手。
• I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand.
• 我全身衣服都是新的：黑色的鞋、绿色的校服和红色的帽子。 • All my clothes were new: the black shoes, the green school uniform, and the red cap. • 可是，它们并没有让我高兴，因为这是我头一次被扔进学校 的日子。 • They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time.
• 母亲站在窗边，看着我们渐渐走远，我不时地回头看看她，
希望她能帮帮我。 • My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. • 我们沿街道走着，两旁有花园和种着庄稼、梨树和椰枣树的 农田。 • We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms.
这样糟糕的测验结果的原因究竟是什么？
1、学习了但没记住；只学新的，不顾旧的； “狗熊掰棒子”式学习，最终收获极小。
2、学过的英语记不住，或记不准确，只好自 己“创造”英语，结果导致汉语干扰严重，产 生大量错误英语和汉式英语。
明白了原因之后， 我们该怎么办？ 怎样才能牢记学过的句子？ 怎样才能克服汉式英语？
在药箱里翻找酒精、药棉和创可贴 rummage in the medicine chest for alcohol, cotton, and a Band-Aid 在艺术方面十分敏感的人看了不会打颤（反感）的绘画 painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering 咱们不要这么快下结论。 Let's not move too fast on this. 咱们就假设我是黑人，而且还没嫁人。 Let’s say I am black and unattached. 这并不是说，每个人都会像他那样做。 It is not to say that everyone would have acted as he did.
再过大约三十年，他们都会死去。 In another thirty years or so they would both be dead. 在大学里，学生入学既是为了接受培训，也是为了接受教育。 In universities students enroll for both training and education. 在电视节目里，他们肩并肩地把自己的勇气完全描绘成是职责 所在。 On television, side by side, they described their courage as all in the line of duty. 在我们这个人身上，还有一些事情让我们当时对他念念不忘。 There was something else about our man that kept our thoughts on him. 在心灵的某处 in some pocket of the mind
这次事件中公认的四位英雄里，有三位能够为他们的行为做出 解释。 Of the four acknowledged heroes of the event, three are able to account for their behavior. 这个人就是这次灾难带来的情感冲击的最重要原因。 The person is most responsible for the emotional impact of the disaster. 这话并不因为重复多遍而不受敬仰。 That line is no less admirable for being repeated. 这就是我们不会忘记它的原因。 That is why we would not let go of it. 这就是这个故事的永久魅力。 That is the enduring wonder of the story.
请同学们回答一个问题：
当我们在精读课或泛读课上学习一篇课 文的时候、在口语课或听力课上学习一段对话 的时候，在知识性课程（如“英美文化”、 “英语词汇学”等）上学习一个章节的时候， 我们学习这些语言材料的最终目标是什么？
答案：
1、学会英语表达（输出）
也就是学会做汉译英
2、知识性课程上还要学会相关知识
• 4. 能够提升学习境界，将关注重点从语言的一般学习转移到