英诗中的声响TheEchoingSoundinEnglishPoetry-PPT文档资料
英国诗人济慈的经典诗歌《夜莺颂》原文及赏析
英国诗人济慈的经典诗歌《夜莺颂》原文及赏析夜莺颂第一节我的心疼痛，我感到昏昏欲睡，麻木不仁，好像是饮过毒鸩，又像是刚刚吞服过鸦片，开始沉向冥府的忘川。
这并非我对你的福气有所妒嫉，而是你的欢乐使我过度欣喜——你呀，羽翼翩翩的树精，在山毛榉的绿叶与荫影之中，在那歌声悠扬的地点，你舒展了喉咙，歌唱着夏天。
夜莺颂第二节啊，但愿有一口美酒，一口曾在地窖冷藏多年的美酒！人一尝就会想到花神，想到葱绿的酒乡，想起舞蹈、恋歌和丰收季节的欢狂。
啊，要是那杯酒带有南国的热气，红如人面，充满灵感之泉的真味，珍珠的泡沫在杯沿浮动，能把嘴唇染得绯红，我就会一饮而尽，悄然离开尘寰，随你隐没在幽暗的林间。
夜莺颂第三节远远地隐没，消失，并且忘记你在林间从不知晓的东西，忘记这里的厌倦、焦虑和烦躁不安。
这里，人们坐在一起长吁短叹；这里，老年瘫痪了，只剩得几根白发摇晃，青年也变得苍白，瘦削，以至死亡；这里，人们一思想就感到伤悲，就会绝望得两眼铅灰；这里，美人的双眸难以保持明丽，新生的爱情第二天就会凋敝。
夜莺颂第四节飞去，飞去，我要向你飞去，不是与酒神同驾豹车而去，而是乘坐诗神的无形的双翼，尽管这头脑恁地迟钝、团惑和呆滞。
啊，此刻我终于和你在一起了；夜，是这般地柔和，也许月后已经登上宝座，众星正在四周守望，但是，这里却没有光亮，除了几丝天光，随风穿过窗枝的隙缝，穿过绿叶的荫影和苔藓的曲径。
夜莺颂第五节我看不清什么花儿在我脚下，也望不见什么花儿在枝头挂，但是，在温馨的黑夜，我却能猜想这个季节的每一种芬芳，那就该有香草、灌木和野果树的花。
有山楂和野玫瑰的花，还有早谢的紫罗兰为绿叶遮盖，还有麝香蔷薇即将盛开——那种蔷薇是五月中旬的骄儿，流露着酒香，它是夏夜蚊蝇飞鸣的地方。
夜莺颂第六节我在黑暗中倾听你的歌声，我多次想到死亡，他可以给人安宁。
我在诗歌里亲昵地向他呼唤，求他把我的生命化为青烟。
现在我越发感到死亡的富丽，想在午夜安然地与世别离，但此刻你却以如此的狂喜倾吐着你的胸臆，你将永远歌唱不息，我死了就不会再听见你——你将唱给一堆草泥。
the sound of music 英文介绍
the sound of music 英文介绍"The Sound of Music" is a classic American musical film released in 1965. It is based on the Broadway musical with the same name, which was inspired by the real-life story of the Von Trapp family in Austria during World War II. The film was directed by Robert Wise and starred Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer.The story revolves around Maria, a young postulant in an Austrian abbey who is sent to be the governess of Captain Georg Von Trapp's seven children. Through her love for music and her warm-hearted nature, Maria brings joy and happiness to the children and their strict father.Set against the backdrop of the looming war, "The Sound of Music" not only showcases the power of music but also explores themes of family, love, and freedom. The film is filled with memorable songs such as "Do-Re-Mi," "Edelweiss," and "My Favorite Things," which have become iconic in popular culture."The Sound of Music" became a massive hit upon its release, and its success continues to this day. It won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and has grossed over $286 million worldwide. The film's timeless appeal can be attributed to its delightful story, beautiful scenery, and captivating performances by the cast."The Sound of Music" has captured the hearts of audiences around the world for generations. It remains a beloved musical that has stood the test of time and continues to enchant viewers of all ages with its enchanting melodies and touching story.。
墓园挽歌英美诗歌欣赏
Comments on Gray
• Gray’s literary output was small. He wrote slowly and carefully. His poems are characterized by an exquisite sense of form.
• His masterpiece Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard once and for all
程度上解决了如何革新旧传统的问题， 具有较高的艺术成就”。（杨周翰语）
Thomas Gray 托马斯·格雷
• In Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, Gray
reflects on death, the sorrows of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy. • The poet compares the common folk with the great ones, wondering what the commons could have achieved if they had had the chance. Here he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown, but mocks嘲笑 the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc 大破坏 on them.
• Poetic pattern: quatrains of iambic pentameter lines rhyming ABAB
英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释(英文版)
The Basic Elements of Appreciating English Poetry1.What is poetry?Poetry is the expression of Impassioned feeling in language.“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”“Poetry, in a general sense, may be defined to be the expression of the imagination.”Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty.Poetry is the image of man and nature.“诗言志，歌咏言。
” ---《虞书》“诗言志之所以也。
在心为志，发言为诗。
情动于中而行于言，言之不足，则嗟叹之；嗟叹之不足，故咏歌之；咏歌之不足，不知手之舞之，足之蹈之也。
情发于声；声成文，谓之音。
”---《诗·大序》“诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉，注入了思想与情感，而凝结了形象，终于被表现出来的一种‘完成’的艺术。
” ---艾青：《诗论》2.The Sound System of English Poetrya. The prosodic featuresProsody (韵律)---the study of the rhythm, pause, tempo, stress and pitch features of a language.Chinese poetry is syllable-timed, English poetry is stress-timed.Stress: The prosody of English poetry is realized by stress. One stressed syllable always comes together with one or more unstressed syllables.eg. Tiger, /tiger, /burning /brightIn the /forest /of the/ night,What im/mortal /hand or /eyeCould frame thy/ fearful /symme/try? ---W. BlakeLength: it can produce some rhetorical and artistic effect.eg. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,The Ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.---Thomas GrayLong vowels and diphthongs make the poem slow, emotional and solemn; short vowels quick, passionate, tense and exciting.Pause: it serves for the rhythm and musicality of poetry.b. Meter or measure (格律)poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis + thesis;Meter or measure refers to the formation way of stressed andunstressed syllables.Four common meters:a) Iambus; the iambic foot (抑扬格)eg. She walks/ in beau/ty, like/ the nightOf cloud /less climes/ and star/ry skies;And all/ that’s best /of dark/ and brightMeet in /her as /pect and /her eyes. ---Byronb) Trochee; the trochaic foot（扬抑格）eg. Never /seek to/ tell thy/ love,Love that/ never/ told can/ be. ---Blake c) Dactyl; the dactylic foot （扬抑抑格）eg. Cannon to/ right of them,Cannon to/ left of them.Cannon in/ front of them,V olley’d and/ thunder’d. ---Tennysond) Anapaest; the anapestic foot（抑抑扬格）eg. Break,/ break, /break,On thy cold /grey stones,/ O sea!And I would /that my tongue/ could utterThe thought/ that arise /in me. ---Tennysonc) Other metersAmphibrach, the amphibrachic foot (抑扬抑格)；Spondee, the spondaic foot(扬扬格)；Pyrrhic, the pyrrhic foot (抑抑格)；d) Actalectic foot (完整音步) and Cactalectic foot（不完整音步）eg. Rich the / treasure,Sweet the / pleasure. (actalectic foot)Tiger,/ tiger, /burning /bright,In the/ forest/ of the/ night. (cactalectic foot )e) Types of footmonometer(一音步)dimeter（二音步）trimeter（三音步）tetrameter（四音步）pentameter（五音步）hexameter（六音步）heptameter（七音步）octameter（八音步）We have iambic monometer, trochaic tetrameter, iambicpentameter, anapaestic trimeter, etc., when the number offoot and meter are taken together in a poem.C. RhymeWhen two or more words or phrases contain an identicalor similar vowel sound, usually stressed, and theconsonant sounds that follow the vowel sound areidentical and preceded by different consonants, a rhymeoccurs.It can roughly be divided into two types:internal rhyme and end rhymeInternal rhymea) alliteration: the repetition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, esp. stressed syllables.eg. The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,The furrow followed free.---ColeridgeI slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance,Among my skinning swallows.---Tennyson Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade,He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast.---Shakespeare “Consonant cluster” (辅音连缀)“internal or hidden alliteration” (暗头韵) as in“Here in the long unlovely street” (Tennyson)The Scian & the Teian muse,The hero’s harp, the love’s lute,Have found the fame your shores refuse.---Byron b) Assonance (腹韵/元音叠韵/半谐音)：the repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds in a line ending with different consonant sounds.eg. Do not go gentle into that nightOld age should burn and rave at close of day.Rage, rage against the dying of the light.Though wise men at their end know dark is right,Because their words have forked no lightning theyDo not go gentle into that night.c) Consonance (假韵): the repetition of the ending consonant sounds with different preceding vowels of two or more words in a line.eg. At once a voice arose amongThe bleak twigs overheadIn a full-hearted evensongOf joy illimited.---HardyEnd rhyme: lines in a poem end in similar or identicalstressed syllables.a) Perfect rhymePerfect rhyme (in two or more words) occurs in the following three conditions:identical stressed vowel sounds (lie--high, stay--play);the same consonants after the identical stressed vowels (park--lark, fate-- late);different consonants preceding the stressed vowels (first– burst);follow—swallow (perfect rhyme)b) imperfect/ half rhyme: the stressed vowels in two or more words are the same, but the consonant sounds after and preceding are different.eg. fern—bird, faze—late, like—rightc) Masculine and feminine rhymeeg. Sometimes when I’m lonely,Don’t know why,Keep thinking I w on’t be lonelyBy and by.---Hughes The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speedScarce seem’d a vision; I would ne’er have striven…---Shelley Rhyme scheme (韵式)a) Running rhyme scheme (连续韵)two neighbouring lines rhymed in aa bb cc dd:eg. Tiger, tiger, burning brightIn the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eyeCould frame thy fearful symmetry?In what distant deeps or skiesBurnt the fire of thine eyes?On what wings dare he aspire?What the hand dare seize the fire?b) Alternating rhyme scheme (交叉韵)rhymed every other line in a b a b c d c d:eg. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:---Shakespearec) enclosing rhyme scheme (首尾韵)In a quatrain, the first and the last rhymed, and the second and the third rhymed in a b b a:eg. When you are old and gray and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookYour eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;---W. B. YeatsD. Form of poetry ( stanzaic form)a) couplet: a stanza of two lines with similar end rhymes:eg. A little learning is a dangerous thing;Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian Spring.b) heroic couplet: a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter:eg. O could I flow like thee, and make thy streamMy great example, as it is my theme:---DenhamThen share thy pain, allow that sad relief;Ah, more than share it, give me all thy grief.---Popec) Triplet / tercet: a unit or group of three lines, usu. rhymedeg. He clasps the crags with crooked hands;Close to the sun in lonely lands,Ringed with the azure world, he stands.The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls:He watches from his mountains walls,And like a thunderbolt he falls.---Tennyson d) quatrain: a stanza of four lines rhymed or unrhymed.eg. O my luve is like a red, red rose,That’s newly sprung in Jun e;O my luve is like the melodieThat’s sweetly play’d in tune.As fair art thou, my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a’ the seas gang dry.---Burnse) Sonnet: a fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of14 lines that are characteristically in iambic pentameter:The Petrarchan / Italian sonnet (Francesco Petrarch):two parts: octave, asking question, presenting a problem,or expressing an emotional tension rhyming abba abba;while the sestet, solving the problem rhyming cde cde,cde cde, or cd cd cd.Shakespearean / English sonnet:arranged usually into three quatrains and a couplet,rhyming abab cdcd efef gg. The first quatrain introducesa subject, the second expands, and once more in the third,and concludes in the couplet.Spenserian sonnet: three quatrains and a couplet rhymingabab bcbc cdcd ee;Miltonic sonnet: simply an ltalian sonnet that eliminates thepause between the octave and sestet.f) Blank verse: the unrhymed iambic pentametereg. To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whe ther ’tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;---Shakespeareg) Free verse: poetry that is based on irregular rhythmiccadence of the recurrence, with variations, of phrases,images and syntactical patterns rather than theconventional use of meter.eg. DaysWhat are days for?Days are where we live.They come, they wake usTime and time over.They are to be happy inWhere can we live but days?Ah, solving that questionBring the priest and doctorIn their long coatsRunning over the fields.---Philip Larkin3.The semantic system of English poetrya. The meaning of poetryPoetry is “the one permissible way of saying one t hingand meaning another”. (Frost)The meaning of a poem usually consists of three levels,that is, the literal (the lowest), the sensory (the medium)and the emotional (the highest).b. Image---the soul of the meaning in poetrya) Definition: “language that evokes a physical sensationproduced by one or more of the five senses--- sight,hearing, taste, touch and smell.” (Kirszner and Mandell)A literal and concrete representation of a sensoryexperience or of an object that can be known by one ormore of the senses.b) Types of imagesIn terms of senses：visual image (视觉意象)auditory image（听觉意象）olfactory image（嗅觉意象）tactile image （触觉意象）gustatory image （味觉意象）kinaesthetic image （动觉意象）eg. Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king,Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing:Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!---Thomas Nashe In terms of the relation between the image and the object:Literal (字面意象) and figurative image （修辞意象）The former refers to the one that involves no necessarychange or extension in the obvious meaning of the words;or the one in which the words call up a sensoryrepresentation of the literal object or sensation.The latter is the one that involves a turn on the literalmeaning of the words.eg. Let us walk in the white snowIn a soundless space;With footsteps quiet and slow,At a tranquil pace,Under veils of white lace.---Elinor WylieIn terms of the readers: fixed and free image（稳定意象和自由意象）By fixed or tied image, it is the one so employed that itsmeaning and associational value is the same ornearly the same for all readers.By free image, it is the one not so fixed by the context thatits possible meanings or associational values are limited, itis therefore, capable of having various meanings or valuesfor various people.eg. SnakeI saw a young snake glideOut of the mottled shadeAnd hang limp on a stone:A thin mouth, and a tongueStayed, in the still air.It turned; it drew away;Its shadow bent in half;It quickened and was gone.I felt my slow blood warm.I longed to be that thing,The pure, sensuous form.And I may be, some time. ---Theodore Roethkec) The function of image:to stimulate readers’ senses;to activate readers’ sensory and emotional experience;to involve the readers in the creation of poetry with personal and emotional experience; to strike a responsive chord in the hearts of readers;eg. FogThe fog comeson little cat feet.It sits lookingover harbor and cityon silent haunchesand then moves on.---Carl Sandbergeg. Fire and iceSome say the world will end in fire,Some say in ice.From what I’ve tasted of desireI hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo say that for destruction iceIs also greatAnd would suffice. ---R. FrostC. The means of expressing meaninga) Phonetic devicesonomatopoeiaA widow birdeg. A widow bird was mourning for her loveUpon a wintry bough;The frozen wind crept on above,The freezing stream belowThere was no leaf upon the forest bare,No flower upon the ground,And little motion in the airExcept the mill-wheel’s sound. P. B. Shelley Puneg.The little black thing among the snowCrying “’weep, ’weep” in notes of woe!b) figures of speechA. comparison: metaphor; simile (tenor 本体, vehicle 喻体)B. conceitC. personificationD. metonymy (换喻)E. apostropheF. synaesthesia （“通感”或“联觉”）G. symbolismH. hyperboleI. Allusion （典故）c) Deviation (变异)：the digression from the normal way ofexpressionsLexical deviation (self-made words)Grammatical deviation (slang, vernacular)Deviation of registersDeviation of cultural subjects。
英国文学最全名词解释
名词解释1、Alliteration(头韵) It refers to a repeated initial consonant to successive words and it is the most striking feature in its poetic form. In alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound. It usually have a caesura in the middle and two stresses (or accents) in each half. The number of unstressed syllables in the two halves may vary. Yet, the same consonant is repeated at the beginning of the accented syllables, either twice in the first half of the verse line and once in the second half, or vice versa. Or we can say there are generally 4 accents in a line, three of which show alliteration, and it is the initial sound of the third accented syllable that normally determiners the alliteration. Alliteration makes Anglo-Saxon poetry very musical in sound and acts almost the same part that rhyme plays in later poetry. English poets till today still love to use alliteratione.g. “True is the tale (caesura) I tell of my travels,/ Sing of my seafaring (caesura) sorrows and woes.2、Blank verse无韵诗，素体诗（不押韵的五音步诗行）: also called unrhymed poetry, has been the dominant verse form of English drama and narrative poetry since the mid-sixteenth century. In 1540, from Italy, this verse form was brought into English literature by the poet Henry Howard (Earl of Surrey), who first used it in his translation of The Aeneid.Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter. It is a very flexible English verse form which can attain rhetorical grandeur雄伟壮观while echoing the natural rhythms of speech. It was first used by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and soon became a popular form for narrative and dramatic poetry.E.g. Paradise Lost by Milton3、Comedy of humours: The comedy of humours is a genre of dramatic comedy that focuses on a character or range of characters, each of whom exhibits two or more overriding traits or 'humours' that dominates their personality, desires and conduct. the English playwrights Ben Jonson and George Chapman popularized the genre in the closing years of the sixteenth century. In the later half of the seventeenth century, it was combined with the comedy of manners in Restoration comedy.In which the prevailing eccentricities and ruling passions of character are exposed to ridicule and satireE.g. Every Man in His HumourEvery Man out of His Humour4、Dramatic monologue：a kind of poem in which a single fictional or historical character other than the poet speaks to a silent ‘audience’of one or more persons. Such poems reveal not the poet‘s own thoughts; this distinguishes a dramatic monologue from a lyric，while the implied presence of an auditor distinguishes it from a soliloquy.E.g. My Last Duchess by Browning5、Epic (史诗)appeared in the the Anglo-Saxon Period It is a narrative of heroic action, often with a principal hero, usually mythical in its content, grand in its style, offering inspiration and ennoblement within a particular culture or national tradition. A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Epic is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, like Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey. It usually celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes. The action is simple,but full of magnificence. Today, some long narrative works, like novels that reveal an age & its people, are also called epic.E.g. Beowulf ( the pagan异教徒secular(非宗教的) poetry)Iliad 《伊利亚特》Odyssey《奥德赛》Paradise Lost 《失乐园》The Divine Comedy《神曲》6、Gothic Novels tales of macabre, fantastic and supernatural happenings, set in haunted castles, graveyards, ruins and wild landscapes and often with a weak or innocent heroine going through some horrible experiences. Derives its name from similarities to Medieval(中古的,中世纪) Gothic architecture.A thriller designed not only toterrify or frighten the audience, but to convey a sense of moral failure or spiritual darkness. The Gothic in England begins with The Castle of Otranto in 1760, by Horace Walpole, which emphasized the supernatural mixed with the grotesque in a medieval setting.E.g. Anne Radcliffe in Mysteries of UdolphoFrankenstein(1817) by Mary Shelley7、Heroic Couplet(英雄双韵体)Heroic couplet refers to the rhymed couplet in iambic pentameter Heroic couplets are lines of iambic pentameter that rhyme in pairs (aa, bb, cc). The Heroic Couplet: 1) It means a pair of lines of a type once common in English poetry, in other words, it means iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines. 2) The rhymeis masculine. 3) Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer.E.g. Cooper's Hillby by John Denham(德纳姆)8、Iambic pentameter: a verse lines of feet of the iambic rhythmIambic(adjective of iambus): a metrical foot consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. (cf. Trochaic/trochee: a metrical foot consisting of one stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one)Pentameter: a verse line of 5 feet.E.g. sonnet 18 by Shakespeare9、Ode：a poem intended or adapted to be sung in the ancient time, but a rhymed lyric poem often of an address in the modern times, with dignified and exalted or simple and familiar subjects. a long lyric poem, serious and dignified in subject, tone and style, sometimes with an elaborate stanzaic structure, often written to commemorate or celebrate an event or individual. Representative poets: Percy Bysshe Shelley, John KeatsRepresentative：Ode to Psyche, Ode to a Nightingale10、Romance: a medieval tale based on legend, chivalric love and adventures, or a prose narrative treating imaginary characters involved heroic, adventurous, or mysterious events remote in time and place. It became a popular form of literature. The plots of romance tend to be complex, with uprising and even magical actions common.e.g. The Tempest by Shakespeare11、Sonnet：a poem consisting of 14 lines of 10 syllables each in English (11 syllables in Italian and12 syllables in French)The English sonnet: a sonnet of 14 iambic pentameter lines divided into an octave and sestet rhyming abba abba cde cde (or other rhymes in the sestet)The Shakespearian sonnet: a sonnet of 14 iambic pentameter lines divided into a 12-line unit followed by a 2-line conclusion rhyming abab cdcd efef ggE.g. sonnet 18 by Shakespeare12、Three unities （三一律）: referring to the rules set by Aristotle for tragedy which are observedin Greek tragedies and Neoclassic drama, that is a tragedy must have one single action which takes place within one day and in one place. It required that the events of a play not exceeda single day(time),be confined to a single location or to several locations within a small area(pla ce),and not have subplots(action).It is term given by Aristotle and strictly adhered in17th Franc e and then over Europe.e.g. Cid by Pierre Corneille13、Topographical poetry: a local poetry focusing on the presentation of landscapes and praising particular parks, estates and gardens. The emergence of this kind of poetry of which can be traced to the 1730s and was defined by Dr Johnson as “local poetry, of which the fundamental object is some particular landscape.e.g. The Seasons by James Thomson14、Graveyard Poets: This group of poets mainly comprises Thomas Parnell, Edward Young, Robert Blair and Thomas Gray. They wrote melancholy poems, often with the poet meditating on human mortality problems at night or in a graveyard. Gray is the most representative and successful among them and his poem Elegy written in a Country Church-yard is partly responsible for this group to be named graveyard poets.15、Metaphysical Poetry: Metaphysical poetry is defined as poetry dating from the 17th century in Britain that has an abstract and ethereal style. Such poetry used a variety of form and structures, but employed similar styles. The term was first coined by John Dryden in 1693 when he described a poem by John Donne as affecting “the metaphysical.” It was later popularized by Samuel Johnson in 1781.e.g. The flea by John Donne16、Allegory A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, orsettings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is astory with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.Allegory is generally treated as a figure of rhetoric, but an allegory does nor have to be expressed in language: it may be addressed to teh eye, and is often found in realistic painting, sculpture or some other form of mimetic, or represent are.The etylmological meaning of the word is broader than the common use of the word. Though it is similar to other rhetorical comparisons. An allegory is sustained lnger and more fully in its details than a metaphor, and appeals to imagination, while an analogy appeals to reason or logical. The fable or parable is a short allegory with one definite moral.E.g. The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan。
英语口语大师TheSoundsofEnglish-英格兰之声
tinkle
n. 叮叮当当的响声 v. 叮当作响
anvil
n. 铁砧
smithy
n. 铁铺
corncrake
n. 秧鸡
dewy
adj. 带露水的
scythe n. 镰刀
whetstone
n. 磨刀石
eternal
adj. 永恒的
anemone
n. 野莲花
twilight
n. 黎明
scarce子的叮当声是露珠欲滴的清晨秧鸡的鸣啼声是磨刀石上镰刀的霍霍声山梁上走过一队犁地的农夫这是许多世纪里英格兰的永恒景象
The sounds of England, the tinkle of the hammer on the anvil in the country smithy, the corncrake on a dewy morning, the sound of the scythe against the whetstone, and the sight of a plough team coming over the brow of a hill, for centuries the one eternal sight of England. The wild anemones in the woods in April, the last load at night of hay being drawn down a lane as the twilight comes on, when you can scarcely distinguish the figures of the horses as they take it home to the farm, and above all, most subtle, most penetrating and most moving, the smell of wood smoke coming up in an autumn evening, the wood smoke that our ancestors, tens of thousands of years ago, must have caught on the air when they were coming home with the results of the day’s forage, when they were still nomads, and they were still roaming the forests and the plains of the continent of Europe. These things strike down into the very depths of our nature, and touch chords that with every year of our life sound a deeper note in our innermost being.
英国文学选读课后答案 (2)
The Tiger P501.Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Ti ger canilluminate each other?The Tyger is corresponding to The Lamb. Both the poems show the poet ’s exploration, understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation. In this poem, the author implies that the Tiger is created by God as well as the Lamb. S o either the Tiger or the Lamb is essential to God. I think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other. Although the Lamb can represent the kind “innocent society”, it will be lack of enough motivation to make progress. While the Tiger will caus e social misery, unrest or even disruption, but it can make people release their creativity. So the poet believes that the Tiger is the symbol of strength and courage. And he also praises its passion, desire and all the lofty beauty.2.What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger? What idea does the poet want to express?The symbol of the Tyger is one of the two central mysteries of the poem (the other being the Tyger ’s creator). It is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tyger could be inspiration, the divine, artistic creation, history, the sublime (the big, mysterious, powerful and sometimes scary. Read more on this in the "Themes and Quotes" section), or vision itself. Really, the list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tyger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilities The tiger is the embodiment of God's power in creation: the animal is terrifying in its beauty, strength, complexity and vitality. The poem is divided into six parts. In the first part, the author imagined that he met a terrible tiger on a dark night and was frightened by its awful eyesight. There are creations and creators. How great the creator is that he could create such an awful creation like tiger! In the second part, the author continues to ask, where comes the eyesight like fire, sea or sky? The following two parts, the author describes the creator as a smith. He creates the tiger. What behind the questions is the frightening and respect of the author to the creator. In the fif th part, the author changes his tone and asks when the stars throw down their spears, why they are not happy? The last part is as same as the first part, the creator is too mysterious to understand. The tiger shows its outstanding energy. It’s the vitality which the author thinks highly of. The key sentence of the poem is "Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18 ’s century. The view only concluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn ’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also be very serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings.Ode to the West Wind P83西风颂第一节哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫，有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中）将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
关于声音的英语诗集
关于声音的英语诗集The poetry collection about sound would be a beautiful exploration of the various ways in which sound impacts our lives. The poems could delve into the power of music to evoke emotions, the soothing sounds of nature, the cacophony of city life, and the silence that can be both comforting and unsettling. Each poem could be a unique reflection on the role of sound in shaping our experiences and connecting us to the world around us.One poem might celebrate the joy of hearing a beloved song that brings back memories of a special time or person. The verses could capture the way the music fills the air and stirs the heart, creating a sense of nostalgia and longing. The poet might use vivid imagery and sensory language to convey the emotions evoked by the melody, allowing the reader to feel the music's power and significance.Another poem might explore the tranquility of naturalsounds, such as the gentle rustle of leaves in a breeze or the rhythmic crashing of ocean waves. The verses could paint a serene picture of the natural world, inviting the reader to imagine themselves immersed in the peaceful symphony of sounds. The poet might use soft, lyrical language to convey the sense of calm and connection that comes from listening to nature's melodies.On the other hand, a poem could also capture the chaotic and discordant sounds of urban life. The verses might depict the bustling streets, honking horns, and chatter of voices that define the cityscape. The poet might use sharp, fragmented language to convey the overwhelming and relentless nature of urban soundscapes, evoking a sense of urgency and disorientation.Additionally, a poem could delve into the profound impact of silence. The verses might explore the way in which absence of sound can be both comforting and unsettling, inviting the reader to contemplate the power of quietude. The poet might use stark, minimalist language to convey the sense of stillness and introspection that comesfrom embracing silence, allowing the reader to experience the depth and complexity of this often overlooked aspect of sound.Overall, a poetry collection about sound would offer a rich and diverse exploration of the ways in which sound shapes our lives. Each poem would be a unique and evocative reflection on the power of music, the beauty of nature, the chaos of city life, and the significance of silence. Through vivid imagery and emotive language, the collection would invite readers to consider the profound impact of sound on their experiences and emotions, creating a deeply resonant and immersive literary experience.。
john keats英文诗歌中英对照
John Keats (1795-1821) was an English Romantic poet whose work is characterized by its vivid imagery and sensual language. Keats' poetry is known for its exploration of themes such as beauty, love, and the transience of life. His use of the English language is often described as lyrical and elegant, and his work has left a lasting impact on the world of literature.In this article, we will delve into the poetry of John Keats, exploring the beauty and depth of his English verses by providing a side-by-sideparison with their Chinese translations. By examining Keats' poems in both languages, we aim to gain a more profound understanding of his themes and the nuances of his language, and also to appreciate the skill and artistry of the translators who have brought his work to a wider audience.1. "Ode to a Nightingale" (夜莺颂)In the "Ode to a Nightingale," Keats vividly describes his longing to escape from the harsh realities of life and seek solace in the song of a nightingale. Through his rich and evocative language, he transports the reader to a world of beauty and imagination. The Chinese translation of this poem captures the essence of Keats' verses, delicately conveying the poet's yearning and thetimeless allure of the nightingale's song.2. "Ode on a Grecian Urn" (希腊古瓮颂)In this poem, Keats reflects on the eternal nature of art and beauty, as represented by a Grecian urn. The Chinese translation of this ode beautifully conveys the poet's contemplation of the scenes depicted on the urn, and the intertwining of life and art. Through thisparison, we can appreciate the universal themes explored by Keats, and the resonance of his words across different cultures and languages.3. "To Autumn" (致秋天)Keats' "To Autumn" celebrates the beauty of the season and invokes the sights, sounds, and scents of nature. The Chinese translation of this poem captures the warmth and richness of Keats' language, allowing readers to immerse themselves in the sensory experience he describes. By engaging with the dual language presentation of this poem, we can appreciate the vivid imagery and emotional depth of Keats' verses.In conclusion, the exploration of John Keats' English poetrythrough its Chinese translations allows us to delve into the beauty andplexity of his work with a multi-faceted perspective. By experiencing the poems in both languages, we gain a deeper understanding of the themes and emotions conveyed by Keats, while also appreciating the artistry of the translators who have brought his poetry to a global audience.As a personal reflection, I am struck by the timeless relevance of Keats' poetry and the skillful way in which the translators have preserved the essence of his verses in Chinese. The ability of his words to transcend language barriers is a testament to the enduring power of his art, and a reminder of the universal human experiences captured within his poetry.Through this journey of discovery, I havee to realize the significance of experiencing literature in its original language, as well as the value of exploring translations as a means of broadening our understanding and appreciation of different cultures. John Keats' English poetry, when presented alongside its Chinese translations, offers a rich tapestry of language, emotion, and beauty that transcends borders and speaks to the heart of humanity.。
ode to a nightingale中英对照
ode to a nightingale中英对照"Ode to a Nightingale" is one of the most celebrated poems written by John Keats. Through this ode, Keats explores the themes of nature, mortality, and the transformative power of art. Below is a Chinese-English comparison of some key aspects and interpretations of the poem.1. Theme of Nature:In the poem, Keats is captivated by the nightingale's song and its connection to the natural world. He feels a deep appreciation for the beauty of nature and seeks to escape the troubles of life through an immersion in its sights and sounds.Chinese: 《莺啼赋》中，济慈被夜莺的歌声所吸引，并感受到它与自然界的联系。
他对自然的美感到无比赞叹，试图通过沉浸在自然景观的声色中来逃离生活中的烦恼。
2. Mortality and Transience:Keats reflects upon the transient nature of life, symbolized by the fleeting song of the nightingale. He longingly considers the bird's timeless existence and ponders the brevity of human life. This exploration of mortality serves as a reminder of the ephemeral nature of existence.Chinese: 济慈反思了生命的短暂性，以夜莺歌声瞬间即逝为象征。
poetry-sound
SHU
William ButleU ARE OLD
WHEN you are old and grey and full of sleep, And nodding by the fire, take down this book, And slowly read, and dream of the soft look Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep; How many loved your moments of glad grace, And loved your beauty with love false or true, But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you, And loved the sorrows of your changing face; And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. Maud Gonne (1866-1953)
Her goodly eyes like sapphires shining bright Her forehead ivory and white...
Consonance（和音）, the repetition of consonant （辅音）sounds, home, same; worth, breath; strong, sting.
Whose woods these are I think I know, His house is in the village though.
艾米丽·狄金森《我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声——当我死时》《因为我不能等待死亡》赏析
这首梦幻般的诗歌描写了一位女子坐上了 停下来等待她的，名叫“死亡”的绅士的 马车，随行的还有“永生”。他们缓慢地 行走，女子被绅士的温文尔雅所吸引，放 弃了工作和闲暇。他们穿过孩子们课间休 息的校园，越过成熟的庄稼地，经历了夕 阳西下的景色。这时她感觉晚间寒冷的露 水，想起了自己薄如蝉翼的衣衫。
以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正， 谢谢大家！
17
“因为我不能停步等死神”（“Because I Could Not Stop for Death”） 被公认为其中最为出色的诗歌之一。艾伦·塔特（Allan Tate）等许多评 论家对这首诗都称赞有加，极为推崇，认为“诗歌写得完美无缺”
（一）语音偏离 在这首诗中,艾米莉·狄金森打破古典主义诗歌的格律的传统，创造了 独特的抑扬格四音步与抑扬格三音步相间,取得了强有力的音乐效果。 除了第四诗节，其他诗节的第一行与第三行都是八音节四音步，第 二行与第四行都是六音节三音步。抑扬格的运用使得诗节奏强弱明 显,有其独特的音乐美。
艾米莉·狄金森
• 艾米莉·狄金森，1830年12月10日生于 马萨诸塞州阿默斯特镇，1886年5月15 日去世。她20岁开始写诗，早期的诗大 都已散失。1858年后闭门不出，70年 代后几乎不出房门，文学史上称她为 “阿默斯特的女尼”。她在孤独中埋头 写诗，留下诗稿 1,775首。在她生前只 有 7首诗被朋友从她的信件中抄录出发 表。她的诗在形式上富于独创性，大多 使用17世纪英国宗教圣歌作者艾萨 克·沃茨的传统格律形式，但又作了许 多变化，例如在诗句中使用许多短破折 号，既可代替标点，又使正常的抑扬格 音步节奏产生突兀的起伏跳动。她的诗 大多押半韵
英国文学选读课后答案解析
英国文学选读课后答案解析英国文学选读Poems:Hamlet (Act 3, Scene 1, lines 55-86) 生存或毁灭, 这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击,还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌, 并将其克服。
死即睡眠, 它不过如此!倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患, 那么, 此结局是可盼的! 死去, 睡去...但在睡眠中可能有梦, 啊, 这就是个阻碍: 当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊,在死之长眠中会有何梦来临? 它令我们踌躇, 使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾,否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨, 如暴君之政、骄者之傲失恋之痛、法章之慢贪官之侮、或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之? 还有谁会肯去做牛做马, 终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难, 而不远走高飞, 飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身後之事而使他犹豫不前?此境乃无人知晓之邦, 自古无返者进入我们无法知晓的地域所以,「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光, 像个病夫再之, 这些更能坏大事, 乱大谋, 使它们失去魄力。
Hamlet P81. Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t comeback. If he dies, Hamlet’s can't realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didn’tknow at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2. Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?”People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Conscience and over-considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesn’t know how. He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don’t know the result after their taking the action. Such as Ham let, he doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself. So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P15我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。
风的回声现代诗
风的回声现代诗(中英文版)英文文档：The Echo of the Wind: A Modern PoemIn the realm of nature, the wind whispers secretsThrough the trees, across the fields, and over the seas.It carries the voices of the past, the present, and the futureIn a symphony of sound that resonates through time and space.The echo of the wind is a melody of memoriesOf laughter, love, and loss, woven into the fabric of the air.It is the breath of life, the pulse of the earth,A gentle caress that stirs the soul and awakens the spirit.As the wind blows, it leaves a trail of whispersIn the rustling leaves, the rippling water, and the shifting sand.It leaves a mark on the hearts of those who listenA imprint of the infinite possibilities that lie beyond the horizon.The echo of the wind is a reminder of the transient nature of existenceA testament to the power of change and the beauty of impermanence.It calls us to embrace the unknown, to let go of the past,And to dance with the wind, as it carries us towards the future.中文文档：风的回声：现代诗在大自然的领域里，风轻声细语着秘密穿过树林，掠过田野，越过海洋。
中英对照外国诗歌阅读
中英对照外国诗歌阅读英语诗歌的特点和其他语言诗歌的特点一样,都是形象的语言和富于音乐性的语言。
店铺整理了中英对照外国诗歌，欢迎阅读!中英对照外国诗歌篇一The Music WithinLife...What is it?See it in the colors of autumn,A gentle snowfall in winter,A sudden shower in spring,The radiance of a summer day.Behold it in the laughter Of the young and the old.Know of it in a surge of hope,The blessings that are bountiful.What is life?It is joy,awareness,And the music within.Frow New Voice in American Poetry心灵深处的音乐生命是什么?它浸染在五彩缤纷的秋色里，飘融在轻柔无语的冬雪中，在阵阵春雨里，在绚丽夏日中。
它包含在老人爽朗的笑声里，也隐匿在孩子们天真的嬉戏中。
它汹涌在人们的希望里，它荡漾在美好的祝福中，生命是什么?是欢乐，是领悟，是心灵深处的音乐。
中英对照外国诗歌篇二RETURNING AT NIGHT TO LUMEN MOUNTAINMeng HaoranA bell in the mountain-temple sounds the coming of night.I hear people at the fishing-town stumble aboard the ferry,While others follow the sand-bank to their homes along the river....I also take a boat and am bound for Lumen Mountain --And soon the Lumen moonlight is piercing misty trees.I have come, before I know it, upon an ancient hermitage,The thatch door, the piney path, the solitude, the quiet,Where a hermit lives and moves, never needing a companion.夜归鹿门山歌孟浩然山寺钟鸣昼已昏，渔梁渡头争渡喧。
狄金森自然诗歌 英汉对照
第二部分自然听见金黄鹂唱歌也许事属平常，也许恰恰是件圣事。
它不是老唱一首歌的鸟，仿佛唱给众人听，却没人听到。
耳朵的方式把它听到的装饰成单调或美丽。
所以无论它是神秘的诗，还是什么都不是，都包含在内；“乐声在树上，”怀疑论者指给我；“不，先生！在你心里！”TO hear an oriole singMay be a common thing,Or only a divine.It is not of the birdWho sings the same, unheard, As unto crowd.The fashion of the earAttireth that it hearIn dun or fair.So whether it be rune,Or whether it be none,Is of within;The “tune is in the tree,”The sceptic showeth me; “No, sir! In thee!”天空无法保守住它们的秘密！它们告诉了山峦——山峦又告诉了果园——它们是水仙花！一只鸟，偶然经过那里悄悄听到了一切。
如果我向这小鸟行贿，谁知道她会不会告诉我？不过，我认为我不会如此，还是不知道更好；如果夏天是一条定理，什么魔法能下雪？保守住你的秘密吧，父亲！如果我能，我不愿意，知道蓝宝石接着会做什么，在你新创造的世界！THE SKIES can’t keep their secret!They tell it to the hills—The hills just tell the orchards—And they the daffodils!A bird, by chance, that goes that way Soft overheard the whole.If I should bribe the little bird,Who knows but she would tell?I think I won’t, however,It’s finer not to kn ow;If summer were an axiom,What sorcery had snow?So keep your secret, Father!I would not, if I could,Know what the sapphire fellows do, In your new-fashioned world!谁抢劫了树林，充满信任的树林？毫不怀疑的树木交出刺果和苔藓为了愉悦他的幻想。
勃朗宁夫人诗歌《请你再说一遍吧》原文及赏析
勃朗宁夫人诗歌《请你再说一遍吧》原文及赏析（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如诗歌散文、原文赏析、读书笔记、经典名著、古典文学、网络文学、经典语录、童话故事、心得体会、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as poetry and prose, original text appreciation, reading notes, classic works, classical literature, online literature, classic quotations, fairy tales, experience, other sample essays, etc. if you want to know the difference Please pay attention to the format and writing of the sample essay!勃朗宁夫人诗歌《请你再说一遍吧》原文及赏析【导语】：〔英国〕勃朗宁夫人请你再说一遍吧，说了还要说，就说你爱我。
济慈名诗夜莺颂中英对照欣赏
济慈名诗夜莺颂中英对照欣赏Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains 我的心在痛,困顿和麻木My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,刺进了感官有如饮过毒鸩Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains又像是刚把鸦片吞服One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk於是向列斯忘川下沉'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,并不是我忌妒你的好运But being too happy in thine happiness,--而是你的快乐使我太欢欣That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees因为在林间嘹亮的天地里In some melodious plot你呵,轻翅的仙灵Of beechen green, and shadows numberless,你躲进山毛榉的葱绿和荫影Singest of summer in full-throated ease.放开了歌喉,歌唱著夏季O, for a draught of vintage! that hath been 唉,要是有一口酒,那冷藏Cool'd a long age in the deep-delved earth,在地下多年的清醇饮料Tasting of Flora and the country green,一尝就令人想起绿色之邦Dance, and Provencal song, and sunburnt mirth!想起花神,恋歌,阳光和舞蹈O for a beaker full of the warm South,要是有一杯南国的温暖Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene,充满了鲜红的灵感之泉With beaded bubbles winking at the brim,杯缘明灭著珍珠的泡沫And purple-stained mouth给嘴唇染上紫斑That I might drink, and leave the world unseen,我要一饮而尽而悄然离开尘寰And with thee fade away into the forest dim 和你同去幽暗的林中隐没Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget 远远地,远远隐没,让我忘掉What thou among the leaves hast never known,你在树叶间从不知道的一切The weariness, the fever, and the fret忘记这疲劳,热病,和焦躁Here, where men sit and hear each other groan;这使人对坐而悲叹的世界Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last gray hairs,在这里,青春,苍白,削瘦,死亡Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies;而瘫痪有几根白发在摇摆Where but to think is to be full of sorrow 在这里,稍一思索就充满了And leaden-eyed despairs,忧伤和灰暗的绝望Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes,而美保持不住明眸的光彩Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow.新生的爱情活不到明天就枯凋Away! away! for I will fly to thee,去吧!去吧!我要朝你飞去Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards,不用和酒神坐文豹的车驾But on the viewless wings of Poesy,我要展开诗歌底无形的羽翼Though the dull brain perplexes and retards 尽管这头脑已经困顿,疲乏Already with thee! tender is the night,去了,我已经和你同往And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne,夜这般温柔,月后正登上宝座Cluster'd around by all her starry Fays;周围是侍卫她的一群星星But here there is no light,但这儿不甚明亮Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown 除了有一线天光,被微风带过Through verdurous glooms and winding mossy ways.葱绿的幽暗和藓苔的曲径I cannot see what flowers are at my feet,我看不出是哪种花在脚旁Nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs,什麼清香的花挂在树枝上But, in embalmed darkness, guess each sweet 在温馨的幽暗理,我只能猜想Wherewith the seasonable month endows这时令该把哪种芬芳The grass, the thicket, and the fruit-tree wild;赋予这果树,林莽和草丛White hawthorn, and the pastoral eglantine;这白枳花,和田野的玫瑰Fast fading violets cover'd up in leaves;这绿叶堆中易凋谢的紫罗兰And mid-May's eldest child,还有五月中旬的娇宠The coming musk-rose, full of dewy wine,这缀满了露酒的麝香蔷薇The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves.它成了夏夜蚊蚋嗡营的港湾Darkling I listen; and, for many a time我在黑暗中里倾听,多少次I have been half in love with easeful Death,我几乎爱上了静谧的死亡Call'd him soft names in many a mused rhyme,我在诗思里用尽了我言辞To take into the air my quiet breath;求他把我的一息散入空茫Now more than ever seems it rich to die,而现在,死更是多麼的富丽To cease upon the midnight with no pain,在午夜里溘然魂离人间While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroad 当你正倾泻你的心怀In such an ecstasy!发出这般的狂喜Still wouldst thou sing, and I have ears in vain--你仍将歌唱,但我却不再听To thy high requiem become a sod.你的莽歌只能唱给泥草一块Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird!永生的鸟啊,你不会死去No hungry generations tread thee down;饿的世代无法将你蹂躏The voice I hear this passing night was heard 今夜,我偶然听到的歌曲In ancient days by emperor and clown:当使古代的帝王和村夫喜悦Perhaps the self-same song that found a path 或许这同样的歌也曾激荡Through the sad heart of Ruth, when, sick for home,露丝忧郁的心,使她不禁落泪She stood in tears amid the alien corn;站在异邦的谷田里想著家The same that oft-times hath就是这声音常常Charm'd magic casements, opening on the foam 在失掉了的仙域里引动窗扉Of perilous seas, in faery lands forlorn.一个美女望著大海险恶的浪花Forlorn! the very word is like a bell失掉了,这句话好比一声钟To toll me back from thee to my sole self!使我猛省到我站脚的地方Adieu! the fancy cannot cheat so well别了!幻想,这骗人的妖童As she is fam'd to do, deceiving elf.不能老耍弄它盛传的伎俩Adieu! adieu! thy plaintive anthem fades 别了!别了!你怨诉的歌声Past the near meadows, over the still stream,流过草坪,越过幽静的溪水Up the hill-side; and now 'tis buried deep 溜上山坡,而此时它正深深In the next valley-glades:埋在附近的溪谷中Was it a vision, or a waking dream?这是个幻觉,还是梦寐Fled is that music:--Do I wake or sleep?那歌声去了——我是睡?是醒?济慈诗歌欣赏带翻译篇一Bright Star 灿烂星辰John Keats 约翰·济慈Bright star, would I were stedfast as thou art—愿我如你坚定–璀璨明星!Not in lone splendour hung aloft the night 但不要高悬夜空显赫孤零。
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2. Rhyme(尾韻), Alliteration(頭韻),
Assonance(母音韻), Consonance(子音韻):
“It is the blight man was born for, It is Margaret you mourn for.”
And on the pedestal these words appear:
“My name is Ozymandias, king of kings Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!”
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
Whitman, “A Noiseless Patient Spider”
Hark, hark! Bow-wow. The watch-dogs bark! Bow-wow. Hark, hark! I hear The strain of strutting chanticleer Cry, “Cock-a-doodle-doo!”
Shakespeare, “Song”
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3. Musicality(音樂性): refrain(重出), onomatopoeia(擬聲), euphony(悅音), cacophony(噪音), pause(休止), etc
“I will arise and go now, for always night and day I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore.”
Yeats, “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”
“A tap at the pane, the quick sharp scratch And blue spurt of a lighted match.”
Browning, “Meeting at Night”
Poe, “Annabel Lee”
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3. Musicality(音樂性): refrain(重出), onomatopoeia(擬聲), euphony(悅音), cacophony(噪音), pause(休止), etc.
“It launched forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself, Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them.”
英詩 中 的 聲 響
The Echoing Sound in English Poetry
董崇選
中山醫大應用外語系教授 「懂更懂學習英文網站」負責人 網址：.tw
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I.
The Four Creative Spaces of Poetry: 詩的 四個 創作空間
1. Sense: 意義
Hopkins, “Spring and Fall: to a Young Child”
“For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee, And the stars never rise but I see the bright eyes Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.”
Tennyson, “Ulysses”
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3. Shape: 形狀
l(a
le af fa ll s) one l iness
loneliness (a leaf falls) l-one-l-iness (a le-af fa-ll-s) e. e. cummings
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4. Situation: 場合
Blake, “To See a World...”
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2. Sound: 聲音
“One equal temper of heroic hearts
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.”
Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away.
Shelley, “Ozymandias”
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II. The Sound Elements in Poetry: 詩的 聲音要素
1. Rhythm: 節奏
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•
Rhythm: foot (音步) & meter (韻律)
When I was one-and-twenty I heard a wise man say, “Give crowns and pounds and guineas But not your heart away; Give pearls away and rubies, But keep your fancy free.” But I was one-and-twenty No use to talk to me.
foot (音步) & meter (韻律) • iambic, trochaic, anapestic, dactylic, spondaic. (抑揚輕重) monometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, heptameter, octometer. (行中音步數)
“The paths of glory lead but to the grave.”
Gray, “Elegy”
“To see a world in a grain of sand And a heaven in a wild flower; Hold infinity in the palm of your hand And eternity in an hour.”