American_History_10
Top 10 Most Patriotic Speeches in American History美国历史上最著名的10篇爱国演讲
#9:Franklin Delano Roosevelt – First Inaugural Address
“This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.”
#10:Douglas MacArthur – Duty, Honor, Country
“Yours is the profession of arms, the will to win, the sure knowledge that in war there is no substitute for victory; that if you lose, the nation will be destroyed; that the very obsession of your public service must be: Duty, Honor, Country.”
#7: George Washington – Farewell
Address – December 23, 1783
“Citizens, by birth or choice, of a common country, that country has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of american, which belongs to you, in your national capacity, must always exalt the just pride of Patriotism, more than any appellation derived from local discriminations.”
2019年10月19日雅思阅读考试真题及答案
Section1青春期能力发展（重复19年4月13日第一篇文章，考试文章和部分题目稍有改动，真题仅供参考）Section2蜜蜂对于生态的重要性Section3可以参考：历史教学新方法 New Ways of Teaching HistoryNew Ways of Teaching HistoryIn a technology and media-driven world， it＇s becoming increasinglydifficult to get ou r students’attentions andkeep them absorbed in classroom discussions. This generation， in particular，has brought a unique set of challenges to the educational table. Whereas youthare easily enraptured by high-definition television， computers，iPods， videogames and cell phones， they are less than enthralled by what to them areobsolete textbooks and boring classroom lectures. The question of how to teachhistory in a digital age is often contentious. On the one side， the old guardthinks the professional standards history is in mortal danger fromflash-in-the-pan challenges by the distal that are all show and no the other Side， the self-styled “disruptors”offer over-blown rhetoric about how digital technology has changedeverything while the moribund profession obstructs all progress in the name ofoutdated ideals. At least， that＇s a parody （maybe not much of one） of how thedebate proceeds. Both supporters and opponents of the digital share moredisciplinary common ground thaneither admits.When provided with merely a textbook as a supplemental learning tool， testresults have revealed that most students fail to pinpoint the significance ofhistorical events and individuals. Fewer still are ableto cite andsubstantiate primary historical sources. What does this say about the way oureducators are presenting information？ The quotation comes from a report of a1917 test of 668 Texas students. Less than 10 percent of school-age childrenattended high school in 1917； today，enrollments are nearly universal. Thewhole world has turned on its head during the last century but one thing hasstayed the same： Young people remain woefully ignorant about history reflectedfrom their history tests.Guess what？ Historians are ignorant too， especiallywhen we equate historical knowledge with the ＂Jeopardy＂ Daily a test， those specializing in American history did just fine. But thosewithspecialties in medieval， European and African history failed miserably whenconfronted by items about Fort Ticonderoga， the Olive Branch Petition， or theQuebec Act —all taken from a typical textbook. According to thetesters， the results from the recent National Assessment in History， likescores from earlier tests， show that young people are ＂abysmallyignorant＂ of their own history. Invoking the tragedy of last September，historian Diane Ravitch hitched her worries about our future to the idea thatour nation＇s strength is endangered by youth who do poorly on such tests. Butif she were correct， we could have gone down the tubes in 1917！There is a huge difference between saying ＂Kids don’t know the history we want then to know＂ and saying ＂Kids don＇tknow history at all.＂ Historical knowledge burrows itself into ourcultural pores evenif young people can＇t marshal it when faced by a multiplechoice test.If we we ren’t such hypocrites（or maybe if we were better historians）we＇d have to admit that today＇sstudents follow in our own footsteps. For too long we＇ve fantasized that byrewriting textbooks we could change how history is learned. The problem，however， is not the content of textbooks but the very idea of them. No humanmind could retain the information crammed into these books in 1917， and it cando no better now. If we have learned anything from history that can be appliedto every time period， it is that the only constant is change. The teaching ofhistory， or any subject for that matter， is no exception. The question is nolonger whether to bring new technologies into everyday education； now， thequestion is which There is a huge difference between saying ＂Kids don’t know the history we want then to know＂ and saying ＂Kids don＇tknow history at all.＂ Historical knowledge burrows itself into ourcultural pores even if young people can＇t marshal it when faced by a multiplechoice test. If we weren’t such hypocrites（or maybe if we were better historians） we＇d have to admit that today＇sstudents follow in our own footsteps. For too long we＇ve fantasized that byrewriting textbooks we could change how history is learned. The problem，however， is not the content of textbooks but the very idea of them. No humanmind could retain the information crammed into these books in 1917， and it cando no better now. If we have learned anything from history that can be appliedto every time period， it is that the only constant is change. The teaching ofhistory， or any subject for thatmatter， is no exception. The question is nolonger whether to bring new technologies into everyday education； now， thequestion is which technologies are most suitable for the range of topicscovered in junior high and high school history classrooms. Fortunately，technology has provided us with opportunities to present our Civil War lessonplans or our American Revolution lesson plans in a variety of new ways.Teachers can easily target and engage the learners of this generation byeffectively combining the study of history with innovative multimedia- PowerPointand presentations in particular can expand the scope of traditional classroomdiscussion by helping teachers to explain abstract concepts while accommodatingstudents* unique learning styles. PowerPoint study units that have beenpre-made for history classrooms include all manner of photos， prints， maps，audio clips， video clips and primary sources which help to make learninginteractive and stimulating. Presenting lessons in these enticing formats helpstechnology-driven students retain the historical information they＇ll need toknow for standard exams.Whether you are covering Revolutionary War lesson plans or World War IIlesson plans， PowerPoint study units are available in formats to suit the needsof your classroom. Multimedia teaching instruments like PowerPoint software aregetting positive results the world over， framing conventional lectures withcaptivating written， auditory and visual content that helps students recallnames， dates and causal relationships within a historical context.History continues to show us that new times bring new realities. Educationis no exception to the rule. The question is not whether to bring technologyinto the educational environment. Rather， the question is which technologiesare suitable for U.S. and world history subjects，from Civil War lesson plansto World War II lesson plans. Whether you’re covering your American Revolution lesson plans or your Cold War lessonplans， PowerPoint presentations are available in pre-packaged formats to suityour classroom＇s needs.Meanwhile， some academic historians hold a different view on the use oftechnology in teaching history. One reason they hold is that not all facts canbe recorded by film or videos and literature is relatively feasible in thiscase her challenge they have to be faced with is the painful process tolearn new technology like the making ofPowerPoint and the editing of audio andvideo clips which is also reasonable especially to some elderly historians.QuestionReading this passage has eight paragraphs， A- GChoosing the correct heading for paragraphs A- G from the list of headingbelowWrite the appropriate number， i- x， in boxes 28-34 on your answer sheetList of Headingsi unavoidable changing facts to be considered when picking up technologymeansii A debatable place where the new technologies stand in for historyteachingiii Hard to attract students in traditional ways of teaching historyiv Display of the use of emerging multimedia as leaching toolsv Both students and professionals as candidates did not produce decentresultsvi A good concrete example illustrated to show how multimedia animates thehistory classvii The comparisons of the new technologies applied in history classviii Enormous breakthroughs in new technologiesix Resistance of using new technologies from certain historianx Decisions needed on which technique to be used for history teachinginstead of improvement in the textbooks28 Paragraph A29 Paragraph B30 Paragraph C31 Paragraph D32 Paragraph E33 Paragraph F34 Paragraph GQuestion 35-37Do the following statements agree with the information given in ReadingPassage？In boxes 35-37 on your answer sheet， writeYES if the statement is trueNO if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage35 Modem people are belter at memorizing historical information comparedwith their ancestors.36 New technologies applied in history- teaching are more vivid forstudents to memorize the details of historical events.37 Conventional ways like literature arc gradually out of fashion as timegoes by.Question 38-40Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage， usingmore than three words from the Reading Passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.Contemporary students can be aimed at without many difficulties byintegrating studying history with novel. ..38.... Conventional classroomdiscussion is specially extended by two ways to assist the teachers tointerpret ...39... and at the same time retain students＇distinct learningmodes. PowerPoint study units prepared beforehandcomprising a wide variety ofelements make ...40.... learning feasible. Combined classes like this can alsobe helpful in taking required tests.。
american_history 美国历史
The Civil War 1861-1865: Union vs Confederacy
Advantages of the Union? Union had double the population Double the railway track 5 times as many factories
By 1850, Oregon and California become states.
Western Expansion
The belief that America should spread from coast to coast
Political
Fear of Spanish, French, English, and Mexican power Desire to spread Democracy and the American way of life. Desire to spread the institution of slavery
Quiz
1. When was the Civil War? 2. What was 1 cause of the CW? 3. What was another cause of CW? 4. Who was President during CW? 5. Which amendment banned slavery? 6. What was Reconstruction?
American History
(A few points)
Put these events in order:
World War I War of Independence American Civil War The start of expansion to the West
剑桥雅思听力材料_6_手打_可打印
Text1:Section: 11-4 complete, no more than three words9-10 write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer9 To join the centre, you need to book an instructor’s10 To book a trial session, speak to David (0458 95311) Section: 211-16 choose, What change has been made to each part of thetheatre?Part of the theatre11 box office12 shop13 ordinary seats14 seats for wheelchair users15 lifts16 dressing rooms17-20 complete, no more than two words and/or a number21 choose21 What is Brian going to do before the course starts?A attend a classB write a reportC read a book22-25 complete, no more than two words26-30 complete, no more than two wordsThe Business Resource Centre contains materials such as books and manuals to be used for training. It is possible to hire 26and27. There are materials for working on study skills (e.g.28) and other subjects include finance and 29.30membership costs £50 per year.31-37 complete, no more than two wordsSocial history of the East End of London38-40 choose THREE of the following problems are mentioned in connection with 20th century housing in the East End?A unsympathetic landlordsB unclean waterC heating problemsD high rentsE overcrowdingF poor standards of buildingG houses catching fireText2:Section: 11-5 complete, no more than two words and/or a numberCHILDREN ’S ART AND CRAFT WORKSHOPS● Adults must accompany children under 1 ● Cost: £2.50● Workshops held in: Winter House, 2 Street ● Security device: must push the 3 to open door ● Should leave car behind the 4● Book workshops by phoning the 5 (on 200765)6-10 complete, no more than two wordsSection: 211-14 complete, no more than two words and/or a numberTRAIN INFORMATION11 Local services depart from railway station.12 National services depart from the railway station.13 Trains for London depart every each day during the week. 14 The price of a first class ticket includes.15-17 complete, no more than two words and/or a number18-20 choose THREE attractions can you visit at present by trainfrom Trebirch?A a science museumB a theme parkC a climbing wallD a mining museumE an aquariumF a castleG a zoon21-30 complete no more than three words and/or a numberDissertation Tutorial Record (Education) Name: Sandy Gibbons31-37 choose31 Some photographs of a horse running showedA all feet off groundB at least one foot on the groundC two feet off the ground32 The Scotsman employed by EdisonA designed a system to use the technology Edison had inventedB used available technology to make a new systemC was already an expert in motion picture technology33 One major problem with the first system was thatA only one person could be filmedB people could only see very short filmsC the camera was very heavy34 Rival systems started to appear in Europe after people hadA been told about the American systemB seen the American systemC used the American system35 In 1895, a famous new system was developed byA a French team working aloneB a French and German team working togetherC a German team who invented the word ‘cinema’36 Longer films were not made at the time because of problems involvingA the subject matterB the cameraC the film projector37 The ‘Lantham Loop’ invention relied onA removing tension between the film reelsB adding three more film reels to the systemC making one of the film reels more effective38-40 complete, no more than three words38 The first motion picture was called The. 39were used for first time on film in 1926.40 Subtitles were added to The Lights of New York because of itsText3:Section: 11-10 complete, no more one word and/or a number11-13 chooseTHE HISTORY OF ROSEWOOD HOUSE11 When the writer Sebastian George first saw Rosewood House, heA thought he might rent itB felt it was too expensive for himC was unsure whether to buy it 12 Before buying the house, George hadA experienced severe family problemsB struggled to become a successful authorC suffered a serious illness13 According to the speaker, George viewed Rosewood House asA a rich source of material for his booksB a way to escape from his workC a typical building of the region14-17 write the correct letter, A-J14 Pear Alley 15 Mulberry Garden 16 Shop 17 Tea Room18-20 complete, ONE WORD ONLYRIVER WALK18 Yon can walk through the that goes along the river bank. 19 You can go over the and then into a wooded area. 20 On your way back, you could also go up to the .21-24 complete, no more than 3 words and/or a number MARKETING ASSIGNMENT21 For their assignment, the students must investigate one part of the .22 The method the students must use to collect data is .23 In total, the students must interview people.24 Jack thinks the music preference of listeners are similar.25-30 complete, no more than two wordsSection: 431-34 chooseIRELAND IN THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD31 According to the speaker, it is not clearA when the farming economy was introduced to IrelandB why people began to farm in IrelandC where the early Irish farmers came from32 What point does the speaker make about breeding animals in Neolithic Ireland?A Their number must have been above a certain levelB They were under threat from wild animalsC Some species died out during this period33 What does the speaker say about the transportation of animals?A Livestock would have limited the distance the farmers could sailB Neolithic boats were too primitive to have been usedC Probably only a few breeding animals were imported34 What is the main evidence for cereal crops in Neolithic Ireland?A the remains of burnt grain in potsB the marks left on posts by grainsC the patterns painted on the surface of pots35-40 write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDSSTONE TOOLS35 Ploughs could either have been pulled by or by cattle.●T he farmers needed homes which were permanent dwellings.36 In the final stages of axe-making, and were necessaryfor grinding and polishing.37 Irish axes were exported from Ireland to and England.POTTERY MAKING●T he colonisers used clay to make pots.38 The of the pots was often polished to make them watertight.39 Clay from areas was generally used.40 Decoration was only put around the of the earliest pots.Text4:Section: 11-10 complete, no more than two words and/or a numberThree day cost: 1£Payment by 2or on arrivalAccommodation:Conference Centre●3£per night●near to conference roomsGuest House●4£per night●approximately 5walk from Conference CentreFurther documents to be sent:●6●an application formLocation:Conference Centre is on 7Park Road, next to the 8Taxi costs 9£or take bus number 10from staton. Section: 211-13 choose THREE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-D11 checking entrance tickets12 preparing refreshments13 directing car-park traffic14-20 complete, no more than three words and/or a numberSection: 321-25 complete, ONE WORD ONLY26-27 answer the questions, no more than two and/or a number26 Which books cannot be renewed by telephone or email?27 How much time is allowed to return recalled books?28-30 Which THREE topics do this term’s study skills workshops cover?A An introduction to the InternetB How to carry out research for a dissertationC Making good use of the whole range of library servicesD Planning a dissertationE Standard requirements when writing a dissertationF Using the Internet when doing researchG What books and technical resources are available in the librarySection: 431-34 choose31 When did Asiatic lions develop as a separate sub-species?A about 10,000 years agoB about 100,000 years agoC about 1,000,000 years ago32 Pictures of Asiatic lions can be seen on ancient coins from?A GreeceB The Middle EastC India33 Asiatic lions disappeared from EuropeA 2,500 years agoB 2,000 years agoC 1,900 years ago34 Very few African lions haveA a long maneB a coat with carried coloursC a fold of skin on their stomach31-34 complete, no more than TWO words and/or a numberTHE GIR SANCTUARY35 The sanctuary has an area of approximately square kilometres.36 One threat to the lions in the sanctuary is .37 The ancestors of the Gir Sanctuary lions were protected by a .38 A large part of the lion’s consists of animals belonging to local farmers.39 The lions sometimes , especially when water is short.40 In the India a man would fight a lion as a test of .。
Unit7_Rewriting_American_History
Unit 7Rewriting American HistoryFrances FitzGeraldTeaching Tips“Rewriting American History” is an exposition. Fitzgerald is making an argument, so it is important for the students to find out 1) what the author’s arguments are; 2) on what evidence the author bases her arguments; 3) how the author makes these arguments. After understanding the author’s arguments, the students can then evaluate these arguments: 1) are they convincing? and 2) how can I connect these arguments to what I already know about the subject matter? The essay is taken from FitzGerald’s journal articles/book America Revised: History Schoolbooks in the Twentieth Century, so draw your students’ attention to techniques of comparison and contrast and the ways in which FitzGerald assesses current (i.e. 1970s) history textbooks. As FitzGerald is writing about the rewriting of American history, the text contains quite a number of references to U.S. history. Give the students just enough information to enable them to understand the text, but ask them to focus more on how FitzGerald makes her argument.Here are a few suggestions for handling the essay. Ask your students to keep these in mind while scanning the essay: 1) state what the essay is about in one or two sentences; 2) enumerate its major parts in their order and relation and outline these parts; and 3) define the problem or problems the author is trying to solve. In class, you can ask your students to 1) identify and interpret the author’s key words, for example, “rewriting”, “change”, “problems”, “patchwork”, “diversity”, etc.; 2) grasp the author’s leading propositions by dealing with her most important sentences; 3) know the author’s arguments, by constructing them out of sequences of sentences; and 4) determine which of the problems she presents the author has solved, and which she has not. At the end of the week, you can ask your students to assess FitzGerald’s writing and present good reasons for any critical judgment s they make.Structure of the TextPart I Introduction(1) It is hard to imagine history textbooks as being subject to change.Part II American History Schoolbooks RewrittenSection I: changing history textbooks(2-4 ) Examples of changes that have taken place(5) It is not surprising that textbooks reflect changing scholarly research, but the changes remain shocking.Section II: three types of changes that have taken place(6-9) political change: patchwork replacing unity, problems replacing progress(10-11) pedagogical change(12-13) physical changePart III Conclusion(14-15) There is no perfect objectivity, but the problem with constantly changing school history textbooks is that each generation of children reads only its own generation’s textbooks and therefore learns only one particular and transient version of America, which remains their version of American history forever.Outline and Topic Sentences:Part IPara. 1Topic sentence: Those of us who grew up in the fifties believed in the permanence of our American-history textbooks.Transitional sentence: But now the textbook histories have changed, some of them to such an extent that an adult would find them unrecognizable.Part IIPara. 2Topic sentence: One current junior-high-school American history begins with a story about a Negro cowboy called George McJunkin.Example: George McJunkin, Negro cowboy, discovery of remains of an Indian civilization in 1925 →civilizations before European explorersPara. 3Topic sentence: Another history text—this one for the fifth grade—begins with the story of how Henry B. Gonzalez, who is a member of Congress from Texas, learned about his own nationality. Example: Henry B. Gonzalez, question of nationality: birthright or cultural heritage, melting pot vs. salad bowlPara. 4Topic sentence: Poor Columbus! He is a minor character now, a walk-on in the middle of American history.Example: Columbus, prominence in U.S. history fading with time and revision, along with other self-promoting figures in U.S. history.Para. 5Topic sentence: Of course, when one thinks about it, it is hardly surprising that modern scholarship and modern perspectives have found their way into children’s books. Yet the changes remain shocking. Para. 6Topic sentence: The history texts now hint at a certain level of unpleasantness in American history. Examples: the last “wild” Indian captured and displayed, child coal miners of Pennsylvania, cruelty in the American-Filipino War, cruelty of patriots against royalists in the American Revolution, and Japanese internment.Para. 7Topic sentence: Ideologically speaking, the histories of the fifties were implacable, seamless.Para. 8Topic sentence: But now the texts have changed, and with them the country that American children are growing up into.A radical way of reconceptualizing past and future:➢Society: uniform → a patchwork of wealth, ages, gender, and races➢Smooth-running system → a rattletrap affair➢Past future relationship: progress → change➢The present: a haven of scientific advances → a tangle of problemso Examples: problems of consumer society; problems of the poor and aged who depend on social security.o Science and technology still deemed to be the magic bullet for social problems Para. 9Transitional sentence: Even more surprising than the emergence of problems is the discovery that the great unity of the texts has broken.Topic sentence: Whereas in the fifties all texts represented the same political view, current texts follow no pattern of orthodoxy.Examples:➢Portrayal of civil rights: as a series of actions taken by a wise, paternal government vs. the involvement of social upheaval➢Portrayal of the Cold War: having ended vs. continuingPara. 10Topic sentence: The political diversity in the books is matched by a diversity of pedagogical approach. Types:➢Traditional narrative histories➢Focusing on particular topics with “discovery” or “inquiry” texts and chapters like case studies (with background information, explanatory notes and questions) (questions are at the heart of the matter; they force students to think much as historians think, to define the point of view of the speaker, analyze the ideas presented, question the relationship between events, and so on.)o Example: Washington, Jefferson, and John Adams on the question of foreign alliancesPara. 11Topic sentence: What is common to the current texts—and makes all of them different from those of the fifties—is their engagement with the social sciences.Transitional sentence: In matters of pedagogy, as in matters of politics, there are not two sharply differentiated categories of books; rather, there is a spectrum.➢Political and pedagogical spectrum:o politically, from moderate left to moderate right;o pedagogically, from the traditional history sermon, through a middle ground of narrative texts with inquiry-style questions and of inquiry texts with long stretches ofnarrative, to the most rigorous of case-study books➢Engagement with the social scienceso“Concepts” as foundation stones for various elementary-school social-studies series ▪Example: the 1970 Ha rcourt Brace Jovanovich series, “a horizontal base or ordering of conceptual schemes” to match its “vertical arm of behavioralthemes,” from easy questions to hardo History textbooks almost always include discussions of “role,” “status,” and “culture;” some include debates between eminent social scientists, essays oneconomics or sociology, or pictures and short biographies of social scientists of bothsexes and of diverse racesPara. 12Topic sentence: Quite as striking as these political and pedagogical alterations is the change in the physical appearance of the texts.Para. 13Topic sentence: The use of all this art and high-quality design contains some irony.Example of how art transcends the subject matter: child laborers, urban slum apartments, the Triangle shirtwaist-factory fire, junk yards, nuclear testingParagraph summary: Whereas in the nineteenth-fifties the texts were childish in the sense that they were naïve and clumsy, they are now childish in the sense that they are polymorphous-perverse. American history is not dull any longer; it is a sensuous experience.Part IIIPara. 14Topic sentence: The surprise that adults feel in seeing the changes in history texts must come from the lingering hope that there is somewhere out there, an objective truth.Question: why is it disturbing to see the changes in history textbooks?Paragraph summary: The texts, with their impersonal voices, encourage this hope that there is an objective truth, and therefore it is particularly disturbing to see how they change, and how fast. Para. 15Topic sentence: In history, the system is reasonable—except that each generation of children reads only one generation of schoolbooks. The transient his tory is those children’s history forever—their particular version of America.Detailed Analysis of the Text1.Those of us who grew up in the fifties believed in the permanence of our American-history textbooks. (Para. 1)This is the topic sentence of Para. 1. FitzGerald starts her article by talking about how people generally believed that history textbooks would never change. She presents a few reasons why American history textbooks of that era gave the impression that they would never change: they were heavy, solemn, authoritative, imperturbable, and distant. The last sentence of the paragraph is a transitional sentence leading to a discussion of how history textbooks in the 1970s differ from those a generation earlier.2.To us as children, those texts were the truth of things: they were American history.(Para. 1)Translation: 对于儿时的我们来说，历史书就代表了事实真相，因为它们是美国历史。
___American___Education1
Chapter Seven American Education1. Features of American educationEducational institutions in the U.S. reflect the nation’s basic values, especially the ideal of equality of opportunity. Americans believe that everyone has both the right and the obligation to become educated; Americans regard education as the most important factor in determining a person’s social role and economic prospects.America has had a great respect for education from its earliest times: The first group of Puritans came to the new world in 1620 to avoid being persecuted in England and seek the freedom to practice their religion – a freedom they could not enjoy in their native countrythey went on board the ship known as Mayflower and established the Plymouth Colony in New EnglandIn the subsequent years, more Puritans came and founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630. Plymouth remained a separate colony until 1691 when it merged into the MA Bay Colony. One of the things the Puritans believed was that every person should be able to read the Bible. Within just a few years after their arrival, they took steps to set up a system of education in their colony: 1) In 1634, they opened a “Latin grammar” school, a school for those who wanted to prepare for college；2) In 1634 and 1638 the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the common good, including the support of schools；3) In 1642 and 1647, the Puritans passed laws requiring all parents to provide reading education for their education；4) Harvard College was founded in 1636 for the training of religious ministers, and there were 8 other colleges were established before 1776. So from the earliest days of the British American colonies, the Puritans introduced two practices that still influence American youth: 1).Compulsory education for all children; 2) public taxation for schools.Religious bodies were very active in developing elementary and secondary schools. Soon after 1800, progress was made in the north-eastern region towards universal education paid for from taxes. In 1825, a basic system of public schools was established in the US. Under the US Constitution, the federal government has no power to make laws in the field of education; schools are maintained by state and local governments. The federal government can give financial help in this field.Each state has an educational administration: 1).Laying down general principles concerning the organization of schools and such matters as the ages of compulsory education. 2).Schools are provided and managed by local community boards of education, whose members are elected.There is no unified national curriculum and textbooks are chosen by the state or local educational authorities. All the states practice compulsory education free of charge, and require a child to attend school up to age 16, and some states require attendance to age 18.2. Elementary and secondary educationThe typical American child spends 6 hours a day, five days a week, and 180 days a year in school. Most children start school at age five by attending kindergarten, or even at age three or four by attending preschool programs. Then usually there are six years of elementary school, two years of middle schools (or junior high school), and four years of high school. School systems may divide the 12 years up differently –grouping grades 6-8 into middle school (junior high school) and secondary or high schools generally means grades 9-12. Not all school systems havekindergarten, but all have 12 years of elementary, middle school (or junior high school), and senior high school. The great majority of American students attend the free public elementary and high schools, but about 10 % attend private schools, most of which are run by churches, and receive financial support from them, though parents must also pay tuition. 1) The law forbids public schools to give religious instructions, but private schools are free to do it. Religion is not always the reason that parents send their children to these schools .2). Many parents believe that private schools are safer and of better quality than the public schools. .There are also some elite private schools which serve many upper-class children. Students must pay high tuitions fees that only wealthier families can afford them, though scholarship are usually offered talent, less affluent children who cannot pay the tuition. Parents often send their children to these schools so that their children will associate with other upper-class children and maintain the upper-class position held by their parents, in addition to getting a good education. Unlike private religious schools, elitist private schools conflict with the American ideal of equality of opportunity. These schools often give extra educational and social advantage to the children whose families have the money to allow them to attend.The quality of education children receive in public schools varied greatly; the residential patterns were often the source of problems, particularly in urban areas. The public schools in the inner city are predominantly composed of Afro-American students and often share the neighborhood problems of high crime rates and other forms of social disorder. These schools were clearly unequal to those in the predominantly white, middle-class neighborhoods in the suburbs. The largest percentage of the money for schools comes from the local level (cities and counties), mainly from property taxes. School districts that have middle-class or wealthy families have more tax money to spend on education; therefore, wealthier school districts have beautiful school buildings with computers and the latest science equipment, and poorer school districts have older buildings with less modern equipment.There is no national curriculum, and textbooks are chosen by the state or local educational authorities, but certain subjects are taught at all schools across the country. Almost all elementary schools provide instructions in such subjects as 1) mathematics; 2) language arts (including reading, grammar, composition and literature); 3) penmanship; 4) science; 5) social studies (including history, geography, citizenship and economics); 6) music; 7) art; 8) physical education Also many elementary schools have introduced courses in the use of computers, and a second language in the upper eleme ntary grades. Most secondary schools offer the same “core” of required subjects: English, mathematics, science, social studies and physical educationAfter completing the required courses, students can take additional courses as “electives”, which range from specialized academic to vocational subjects: European history, foreign languages, industrial trades, driver education, and “shop” (construction and repair of machines).American schools tend to put more emphasis on developing critical-thinking skills. Class discussion is common because it embodies the principle of “learning by inquiry”. Traditionally, Americans are more interested in practical skills than in pure theory. This, some Americans argue, partly explains why American students’ average scores i n international academic contests are not so high. Also American schools do not give their students special intensive training prior to the formal contests. Americans schools also emphasize developing the students’ social and interpersonal skills to help students develop these skills. Schools add a large number of extracurricular activities to daily life at school: athletics, student government, clubs, and activitiesfor almost every student interest such as art, music, drama, debate, photography, volunteer work. Grades in high school courses and scores on tests like the SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) are very important but so are the students’ extracurricular activities.Anyone who wants to teach at an elementary or high school has first to graduate from a college/university and then study education for one year and get a teacher’s certificate. In making their decisions about which students to admit, colleges look for students who are “well-rounded.”3. Higher educationAfter high school, the majority of students go on to college leading to a bachelor’s degree, and the bachelor’s degree can be followed by professional studies, which lead to degrees in such professions as law and medicine, or graduate studies, which lead to master’s and doctoral degrees. The American public schools are free and open to all at the elementary and secondary (high school) level, but the colleges and universities, whether public or private, charge tuition and have competitive entrance requirements.The US leads all industrial nations in the proportion of its young men and women who receive higher education. The US does not have a unified national system of higher education –1) The 50 states and large cities run their own colleges and universities, which are known as public universities making up 75% of the total. 2) The other 25% are privately operated by religious or other organizations.Both public and private universities and colleges depend on the following sources of income: 1) students’ tuition fees, 2) government funding (financial help), 3) donation from the wealth and former graduates. Public universities receive more financial assistance from the government than private ones; and the latter require students to pay more tuition fees than the former.The system of higher education is complex. it mainly comprises three categories:1) The university, which may contain: a) several colleges/schools for undergraduate students seeking a bachelor’s (four-year) degree; b) one or more graduate schools for those continuing in specialized studies beyond the bachelor’s degree to obtain a master’s or a doctoral degree.2) The 4-year undergraduate institution: the college; most of them are not part of a university3) The 2-year, or community college, which offers associate degrees to their students and from which students may enter many professions or may transfer to 4-year colleges or universities.In addition, there are many technical/vocational schools, at which high school graduates may take courses ranging from 6 months to four years in duration and learn a variety of technical skills, from hair-styling through business accounting to computer programming; There are also various non-degree certification/diploma programs, such as adult basic and continuing education, leisure learning programs, continuing professional education and training programs, etc.Out of more than 3 million students who graduate from high school each year, about one million go on for higher education. Simply by being admitted into one of the most respected universities in the US, a high school graduate achieves a degree of success.The factors that determine whether a university is one of the best or one of the lower prestige are :1) quality of teaching staff2) quality of research facilities3) amount of funding available for libraries4) specialized programs5) the competence and number of applicants for admission - how selective the university can in choosing its students.All these factors reinforce one another.Admission to prestigious universities is highly competitive. Applicants have to take SATS (Scholastic Aptitude Tests). Applicants are generally chosen on the basis of: a) their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impressions they make during their interviews at the university; d) their scores on the SATS.At the college level, foreign applicants are required to submit the scores on TOEFL test (Test of English as a Second Language). If you are pursuing a graduate degree in the Arts and Science, you are also asked to take the GRE (Graduate Record Examination). If you are pursuing a graduate degree in a business related field, you’ll be asked to take the GMA T (Graduate Management Admission Test). For law it is the LAST (Law School Admission Test) .For medicine it is the MCAT (Medical College Admission Test).There are a number of financial aid programs in the form of loans and scholarships available at both public and private schools. The expenses of attending college make it difficult for many students to attend even the less expensive public universities. Growing number of students cannot afford to go away to college and pay $15,000 - $39,000 each year for a public or private university, they choose instead to attend community college for two years in their hometowns, paying as little as $2,000 per year in tuition. These 2-year colleges offer a wide range of programs and offer associate degrees to their graduates. Some of the associate degrees are in vocational or technical fields. Students may also take their first 2 years of college at a community college and then transfer to a state university.Despite its costs, the percentage of Americans seeking a college education continues to grow. Today there are more than 15 million students attending college, and there are about 3,000 different colleges and universities throughout the country. Many parents who were not able to attend college when they were young are eager to see their children attend. Colleges provide residence halls for students, but many students do not live on campus; they have their own cars and drive home after class to save rent. Meals are provided in students’ cafeterias and the food is usually less expensive than outside. Many students must work during their college years to help meet the costs. Even students from rich families sometimes do part-time jobs in restaurants or supermarkets to earn their tuition and living expenses. Americans do not look down upon anyone engaged in honest work to make money.College students choo se their “major” and a number of “electives”. Typically, an undergraduate student has to earn about 120 credits in order to receive the bachelor’s degree at the end of four years’ study. The courses for most graduate degrees can be completed in 2-4 years; if a graduate program requires original research, a graduate student has to spend additional months in the lab. Courses related to the business world and learned professions are the most popular in America. About 70% of Master’s degree and doctoral degrees are awarded in teaching education, business management, engineering, medicine, sciences, and law. These are among the high paid jobs.。
multiple choice
1. __________ is John Smith‟s most important work.A. Of Plymouth PlantationB. A Model of Christian CharityC. Common SenseD. A Description of New England2. __________ came out in the hard times of revolution, and when Washington read it to the soldiers it turned out to be a greatstimulus.A. Common SenseB. The Rights of ManC. American CrisisD. The Rising Glory of America3. ___________ is regarded as the pioneer of Transcendentalism.A. Jonathan EdwardsB. Phillip FreneauC. John SmithD. John Winthrop4. Herman Melville described ______ as “master of each and mastered by none —the type and genius of his land.”A. John SmithB. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin FranklinD. Thomas Paine5. Which one is not the characteristic of the puritan style?A. Fresh.B. Simple.C. Grand.D. Direct.6. Which one is the most popular literature genre in colonial land?A. Novel.B. Poetry.C. Diary.D. Drama.7. __________ wrote about his legend of being captured by the Indians and rescued by the famous Indian princess, Pocahontas.A. John SmithB. William BradfordC. Thomas JeffersonD. John Winthrop8. “Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one”, this quotation is from_________…s work.A. William BradfordB. John SmithC. Thomas PaineD. Benjamin Franklin9. Which of the following famous sentences belongs to Thomas Paine?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. God helps those who help themselves.C. Fish and visitors stink in three days.D. These are the times that try men‟s souls.10. These two lines are the quotation of __________.Fair flower, that dost so comely grow,Hid in this silent, dull retreat.A. The Indian Burying GroundB. The Wild Honey SuckleC. HuswiferyD. To My Dear and Loving Husband11. Which is not connected to Benjamin Franklin?A. He was born into a poor candle-maker family.B. He helped found the University of Pennsylvania.C. He was phrased as” Jack of all trades”.D. His work includes The Nature of True Virtue.12. Which statement about Jonathan Edwards is not correct?A. American Crisis is Jonathan Edwards‟ work.B. The Freedom of Will is Jonathan Edwards‟ work.C. Jonathan Edwards had a famous sermon” Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”.D. Jonathan Edwards believed in the regeneration of man.13. It is a critical commonplace now that American literature is based on a myth, that is, __________.A. the ancient Greek myth of ZeusB. the British myth of the Saint GrailC. the Biblical myth of the Garden of EdenD. the Legend of the Sleepy Hollow14. The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of the_______.A. QuakersB. AnglicansC. CatholicsD. Puritans1. “Diedrich Knickerbocker” is the pseudonym of ___________ for whose works which combines European legends with NewEngland reality.A. CooperB. Washington IrvingC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Philip Freneau2. Ralph Waldo Emerson is one of the greatest American litterateurs whose call for an independent American culture played a crucial part in the American intellectual history. The following works are all his except_ _____________.A. NatureB. The PoetC. The American ScholarD. Walden3. _________ is regarded as the first American prose epic.A. NatureB. The Scarlet LetterC. WaldenD. Moby Dick4. Romanticism in American literature stretches from the ___________ to the breakforth of American Civil War.A. early 17th CB. early 19th CC. early 18th CD. Spanish-American War5. Ralph Waldo Emerson‟s __________ is regarded as the” Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.A. NatureB. The Conduct of lifeC. Representative MenD. The American Scholar6. Which poet does not belong to the New England poets?A. William Culler Bryant.B. Walt Whitman.C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.D. James Russell Lowell.7. Which is not the characteristic of the American Romanticism?A. Having the heritage of Puritanism.B. Intending more to moralize than to entertain.C. Having both the imitative and independent sides.D. Imitating the Britain peers totally.8. Which work does not belong to Washington Irving?A. Rip Van Winkle.B. The Raven.C. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.D. The Alhambra.9. Which is not consi sted in James Cooper‟s Leatherstocking Tales? __________.A. The Marble FaunB. The Last of the MohicansC. The PrairieD. The Pathfinder10. Which of the following choice does not belong to the point of view of Transcendentalists?A. Believing in the Transcendence of the Oversoul.B. Believing in the “the infinitude of man”.C. Believing in rational and logical of the nature.D. Believing in making himself by making his world.11. Which one is regarded as one of the most important works in the Transcendentalist period?A. Nature.B. The Marble Faun.C. Leaves of Grass.D. The Raven.12. Which one is not written by Herman Melville?A. Omoo.B. Moby Dick.C. Mosses from an Old Manse.D. White Jacket.13. Which one does not belong to H erman Melville‟s writing style?A. The use of supernatural.B. The use of the periodic chapters.C. Full of symbolism.D. Metaphorical.14. The following excerpt is from Whitman‟s _________.I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.A. "O Captain! My Captain!”B. “Song of Myself‟C. “There Was a Child Went Forth”D. “Passage to India”15. Which one does not belong to Whitman‟s poetic style?A. The use of certain “!”B. Writing in free verse.C. Long list of names, long poem sentences.D. Frequent use of hyphen.16. Which one is not concluded in Edgar Allan Poe‟s poetic theory?A. The poetry should be short.B. Poetry does not have to moralize.C. Poe thinks misery is the most legitimate of the poetic tone.D. Poe emphasizes the rhythm.17. Which character is not from Scarlet Letter?A. Hester Prynne.B. Roger Chillingworth.C. Ahab.D. Pearl.1. One of Mark Twain‟s significant contributio ns to American literature lies in the fact that he made an accepted, respectable literarymedium in the literary history of the country.A. colloquial speechB. tall talesC. fierce humorD. social satire2. The term of “the gilded age” comes from_____…s work with the same name.A. F. S. FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Mark TwainD. James Joyce3. The following authors are famous American realist novelists except ___________.A. Henry JamesB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Stephen Crane4. Major American naturalist writers at the turn of the 19th century to the 20th century include all listed be low but__________.A. Frank NorrisB. Stephen CraneC. Henry JamesD. Theodore Dreiser5. Henry James was fascinated with the “international theme”, according to which American innocence is conflicting with Europeansophistication, In the following novels, does not belong to the type.A. The Wings of the DoveB. The Turn of the ScrewC. The Golden BowlD. The Portrait of a Lady6. Wh ich book does not belong to the first period of Henry James‟s writing career?A. The American.B. The Ambassadors.C. The Wings of the Dove.D. The Spy.7. Which work of Henry James does not finish when the author dies?A. What Maisie Knew.B. The Wings of the Dove.C. The Art of Fiction.D. The Ivory Tower.8. Which of the following writing feature is not Henry James”?A. Showing the psychological realism in his novel.B. The vocabulary of his works is large.C. The construction of the sentence is simple and concise.D. The language is highly-refined and polished.9. Which writer is not in the group of local colorists?A. Mark Twain.B. Stephen Crane.C. Kate Chopin.D. Sarah Orne Jewett.10. The following novel __________ is Mark Twain‟s first n ovel.A. The Gilded AgeB. Life on MississippiC. Innocents AbroadD. Roughing It11. In Mark Twain‟s __________ , it clearly shows the depressed atmosphere. Some critics think that it may relate toTwain‟s tragic life of his later life.A. The Gilded AgeB. life on MississippiC. The Man That Corrupted HadleyburgD. Roughing It12. T he following work __________ does not belong to Dreiser‟s Cowperwood trilogy.A. The FinancierB. The BulwarkC. The TitanD. The Stoic13. Who is considered to be the forefather of using the modern stream-of-consciousness technique in the novel?A. James Cooper.B. Mark Twain.C. Stephen Crane.D. Henry James.14. Which is not the background of American realism?A. The conflict between the industrialized North and the agrarian South.B. The urbanization of the society.C. The conflicts during the frontier movement.D. The conflict between the culturally-East and the newly-developed West.15. The appearance of __________…s The Luck of Roaring Camp marked a significant development in the history of local colorist fiction.A. Bret HarteB. Mark TwainC. Kate ChopinD. Gertrude Atherton1. Faulkner‟s works have been termed the __________ saga, in which he invented the geography, history, and people of an imaginarycounty in the Deep South.A. WinesburgB. YoknapatawphaC. ForsyteD. Olinger2. The staging of Death of a Salesman, his masterpiece, won ________ the Tony Award and Pulitzer Prize, and established him as agreat American dramatist.A. Eugene O‟NeilB. Elmer RiceC. Arthur MillerD. Tennessee Williams3. Most of Saul Bellow‟s heroes are ___________ intellectuals or writers who, facing violence and victimization, try to discover“thequeerness of existence” and overcome it.A. schizophrenicB. JewishC. puritanicalD. Afro-American4. __________ is best known for his “Rabbit” pentalogy. “Rabbit” is the nickname for the main character, Harry Angstrom, a personof no importance in American middle-class society.A. Sinclair LewisB. John SteinbeckC. J.D. Salinger D. John Updike5. One of the notable transformations that occurred in novel-writing in the postwar period since the 1960s was what has come to beknown as a form of writing about fiction in the form of fiction.A. counter-narrativeB. metafictionC. the cosmic jokeD. deconstruction6. “The Lost Generation” refers to the young who experienced the disillusion after WW II. One of its repre sentative writers is______.A. William FaulknerB. F. S. FitzgeraldC. Langston HughesD. Vladimir Nabokov7. _________ is the only Afro-American woman writer who won the Nobel Prize in literature.A. Toni MorrisonB. Lalita TademyC. Catherine Ann PorterD. Alice Walker8. Direct treatment of the “thing”, rigid economy of words, organic rhythm and the image as a fusion of idea and emotion areprinciples laid down by __________ for the new poetry he championed.A. Amy LowellB. T. S. EliotC. Wallace StevensD. Ezra Pound9. Imagist poems are mainly composed in the form on _________.A. blank verseB. free verseC. sonnetD. quatrain10. William Faulkner is NOT the writer of _______.A. HerzogB. A Rose for EmilyC. As I Lay DyingD. Go Down, Moses11. In The Great Gatsby, Nick is the narrator who belongs to the type of _________.A. participantB. non-participantC. unreliableD. innocent eye12. Among the many novels written by William Faulkner, the title of is associated with the Bible.A. The Sound and the FuryB. Absalom, Absalom!C. As I Lay DyingD. Light in August13. Ernest Hemingway is noted for the following EXCEPT _______A. Lost GenerationB. iceberg theoryC. American DreamD. grace under pressure14. Which time can be regarded as the second renaissance of the American literature? _______A. the 1910sB. the 1920sC. the 1930sD. the 1940s15. Imagery Movement has gone through three stages, of which the second is dominated by ______.A. T. E. HulmeB. Ezra PoundC. Amy LowellD. T. S. Eliot16. Which of the following statements is not true about the Imagism?A. It rebels against the traditional ways of poetry.B. It calls for that does not use extra words that does not express the feeling.C. It only gets the inspiration from the ancient Greek or Latin.D. It is the most influential movement in the l920s of American poetry.17. Which work does not finish by T. S. Eliot?A. The Love Song off. Alfred Prufrock.B. The Waste Land.C. Hollow Man.D. The Cantos.18. Which of the following is not T. S. Elio t‟s dramatic work?A. Four Quartets.B. Sweeney Agonistes.C. Murder in the Cathedral.D. The Confidential Clerk.19. Who does great contribution to make the 17th century metaphysical poets popular in the 20th century?A. Ezra Pound.B. William Carlos Williams.C. Robert Frost.D. T. S. Eliot.20. Which of the following works does not belong to Wallace Stevens?A. The Red Wheelbarrow.B. Anecdote of the far.C. The Man with the Blue Guitar.D. Ideas of Order.21. Robert Frost does not write which of the following poems?A. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”.B. “Paterson”.C. “Fire and Ice”.D. “Mending Wall”.22. Which of the following work does not belong to Hemingway?A. A Farewell to Arms.B. To Have and Have Not.C. Death in the Afternoon.D. As I Lay Dying.23. Eugene O‟Neill does not write which of the following plays?A. All My Sons.B. Beyond the Horizon.C. The Emperor Jones.D. Desire under the Elms.24. Which work can be seen as the masterpiece of Saul Bellow?。
American History 美国历史 (Since 1900)
The Progressive Era
• social, political, and economic reform in the early years of the 20th century. Among the topics covered are trust busting, regulation of big business, child labor, urban poverty, the struggle for women’s suffrage, and measures to root out political corruption.
The Progressive Movement: a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals. Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economical reforms.
The Muckrakers: a group of reform-minded journalists, made investigations and exposed various dark sides of the seemingly prosperous society.
In the social area, the demands were improved living conditions for பைடு நூலகம்he poor in the cities, the banning of child labor, work hour limit for women workers, and industrial accident insurance.
高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND学业质量检测含答案详解
UNIT 5学业质量检测第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the woman going to do？__C__A．Pick up her old friend.B．Have a good time.C．Meet a guy again.2．Why is the man tired of life？__C__A．His parents overprotect him.B．His father protects him too much.C．His mother protects him too much.3．What’s the man now？__A__A．Technician. B．Graduate.C．Employee.4．What will the boy probably eat next？__A__A．An apple. B．Vegetables.C．Chocolate cake.5．When did Tom finish work？__C__A．At 1000. B．At 630.C．At 430.第二节(共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What do we know about the man’s wife？__A__A．She likes reading very much.B．She’s counting the days.C．She will visit some old friends.7．Where did the woman probably go last summer？__B__A．Hawaii. B．Europe. C．Egypt.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
【美联英语】名人演讲-肯尼迪在美国大学毕业典礼上的演说 American
两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0John F. KennedyAmerican University Commencement Addressdelivered 10 June 1963约翰·F·肯尼迪总统华盛顿特区1963年6月10日演讲者简介：约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪(John Fitzgerald Kennedy，1917年5月29日-1963年11月22日)，通常被称作约翰·F·肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy)、JFK或杰克·肯尼迪(Jack Kennedy)，美国第35任总统，他的任期从1961年1月20日开始到1963年11月22日在得克萨斯州达拉斯市遇刺身亡为止。
他是在美国颇具影响力的肯尼迪政治家族的一员，被视为美国自由主义的代表。
在第二次世界大战期间，他曾在南太平洋英勇救助了落水海军船员，因而获颁紫心勋章。
肯尼迪在1946年-1960年期间曾先后任众议员和参议员，并于1960年当选为美国总统，成为美国历史上唯一信奉罗马天主教的总统。
在他总统任期内的主要事件包括：试图废除联邦储备委员会、猪湾入侵、古巴导弹危机、柏林墙的建立、太空竞赛、越南战争的早期活动以及美国民权运动。
在针对总统功绩的排名中，肯尼迪通常被历史学家列在排名中上的位置，但他却一直被大多数美国人视为历史上最伟大的总统之一。
肯尼迪于1963年11月22日在得克萨斯州达拉斯市遇刺身亡，官方在随后的调查报告中公布的结果表明，李·哈维·奥斯瓦尔德是刺杀总统的凶手。
他的遇刺被视为对美国历史的发展产生重大决定性影响的事件之一，因为这一事件在其后数十年中一直影响了美国政治的发展方向。
jfkamericanuniversity.jpgPresident Anderson, members of the faculty, board of trustees, distinguished guests, my old colleague, Senator Bob Byrd, who has earned his degree through many years of attending night law school, while I am earning mine in the next 30 minutes, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen:It is with great pride that I participate in this ceremony of the American University, sponsored by the Methodist Church, founded by Bishop John Fletcher Hurst, and first opened by President Woodrow Wilson in 1914. This is a young and growing university, but it has already fulfilled Bishop Hurst's enlightened hope for the study of history and public affairs in a city devoted to the making of history and to the conduct of the public's business. By sponsoring this institution of higher learning for all who wish to learn, whatever their color or their creed, the Methodists of this area and the Nation deserve the Nation's thanks, and I commend all those who are today graduating.Professor Woodrow Wilson once said that every man sent out from a university should be a man of his nation as well as a man of his time, and I am confident that the men and women who carry the honor of graduating from this institution will continue to give from their lives, from their talents, a high measure of public service and public support. "There are few earthly things more beautiful than a university," wrote John Masefield in his tribute to English universities -- and his words areequally true today. He did not refer to towers or to campuses. He admired the splendid beauty of a university, because it was, he said, "a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to know, where those who perceive truth may strive to make others see."I have, therefore, chosen this time and place to discuss a topic on which ignorance too often abounds and the truth too rarely perceived. And that is the most important topic on earth: peace. What kind of peace do I mean and what kind of a peace do we seek? Not a Pax Americana enforced on the world by American weapons of war. Not the peace of the grave or the security of the slave. I am talking about genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living, and the kind that enables men and nations to grow, and to hope, and build a better life for their children -- not merely peace for Americans but peace for all men and women, not merely peace in our time but peace in all time.I speak of peace because of the new face of war. Total war makes no sense in an age where great powers can maintain large and relatively invulnerable nuclear forces and refuse to surrender without resort to those forces. It makes no sense in an age where a single nuclear weapon contains almost ten times the explosive force delivered by all the allied air forces in the Second World War. It makes no sense in an age when the deadly poisons produced by a nuclear exchange wouldbe carried by wind and water and soil and seed to the far corners of the globe and to generations yet unborn.Today the expenditure of billions of dollars every year on weapons acquired for the purpose of making sure we never need them is essential to the keeping of peace. But surely the acquisition of such idle stockpiles -- which can only destroy and never create -- is not the only, much less the most efficient, means of assuring peace. I speak of peace, therefore, as the necessary, rational end of rational men. I realize the pursuit of peace is not as dramatic as the pursuit of war, and frequently the words of the pursuers fall on deaf ears. But we have no more urgent task.Some say that it is useless to speak of peace or world law or world disarmament, and that it will be useless until the leaders of the Soviet Union adopt a more enlightened attitude. I hope they do. I believe we can help them do it. But I also believe that we must reexamine our own attitudes, as individuals and as a Nation, for our attitude is as essential as theirs. And every graduate of this school, every thoughtful citizen who despairs of war and wishes to bring peace, should begin by looking inward, by examining his own attitude towards the possibilities of peace, towards the Soviet Union, towards the course of the cold war and towards freedom and peace here at home.First examine our attitude towards peace itself. Too many of us think it is impossible. Too many think it is unreal. But that is a dangerous, defeatist belief. It leads to the conclusion that war is inevitable, that mankind is doomed, that we are gripped by forces we cannot control. We need not accept that view. Our problems are manmade; therefore, they can be solved by man. And man can be as big as he wants. No problem of human destiny is beyond human beings. Man's reason and spirit have often solved the seemingly unsolvable, and we believe they can do it again. I am not referring to the absolute, infinite concept of universal peace and good will of which some fantasies and fanatics dream. I do not deny the value of hopes and dreams but we merely invite discouragement and incredulity by making that our only and immediate goal.Let us focus instead on a more practical, more attainable peace, based not on a sudden revolution in human nature but on a gradual evolution in human institutions -- on a series of concrete actions and effective agreements which are in the interest of all concerned. There is no single, simple key to this peace; no grand or magic formula to be adopted by one or two powers. Genuine peace must be the product of many nations, the sum of many acts. It must be dynamic, not static, changing to meet the challenge of each new generation. For peace is a process -- a way of solving problems.With such a peace, there will still be quarrels and conflicting interests, as there are within families and nations. World peace, like community peace, does not require that each man love his neighbor, it requires only that they live together in mutual tolerance, submitting their disputes to a just and peaceful settlement. And history teaches us that enmities between nations, as between individuals, do not last forever. However fixed our likes and dislikes may seem, the tide of time and events will often bring surprising changes in the relations between nations and neighbors. So let us persevere. Peace need not be impracticable, and war need not be inevitable. By defining our goal more clearly, by making it seem more manageable and less remote, we can help all people to see it, to draw hope from it, and to move irresistibly towards it.And second, let us reexamine our attitude towards the Soviet Union. It is discouraging to think that their leaders may actually believe what their propagandists write. It is discouraging to read a recent, authoritative Soviet text on military strategy and find, on page after page, wholly baseless and incredible claims, such as the allegation that American imperialist circles are preparing to unleash different types of war, that there is a very real threat of a preventive war being unleashed by American imperialists against the Soviet Union, and that the political aims -- and I quote -- "of the American imperialists are to enslave economically and politically the European and other capitalist countries and to achieve world domination by means of aggressive war."Truly, as it was written long ago: "The wicked flee when no man pursueth."Yet it is sad to read these Soviet statements, to realize the extent of the gulf between us. But it is also a warning, a warning to the American people not to fall into the same trap as the Soviets, not to see only a distorted and desperate view of the other side, not to see conflict as inevitable, accommodation as impossible, and communication as nothing more than an exchange of threats.No government or social system is so evil that its people must be considered as lacking in virtue. As Americans, we find communism profoundly repugnant as a negation of personal freedom and dignity. But we can still hail the Russian people for their many achievements in science and space, in economic and industrial growth, in culture, in acts of courage.Among the many traits the peoples of our two countries have in common, none is stronger than our mutual abhorrence of war. Almost unique among the major world powers, we have never been at war with each other. And no nation in the history of battle ever suffered more than the Soviet Union in the Second World War. At least 20 million lost their lives. Countless millions of homes and families were burned or sacked. A third of the nation's territory, including two thirds of itsindustrial base, was turned into a wasteland -- a loss equivalent to the destruction of this country east of Chicago.Today, should total war ever break out again -- no matter how -- our two countries will be the primary target. It is an ironic but accurate fact that the two strongest powers are the two in the most danger of devastation. All we have built, all we have worked for, would be destroyed in the first 24 hours. And even in the cold war, which brings burdens and dangers to so many countries, including this Nation's closest allies, our two countries bear the heaviest burdens. For we are both devoting massive sums of money to weapons that could be better devoted to combat ignorance, poverty, and disease. We are both caught up in a vicious and dangerous cycle, with suspicion on one side breeding suspicion on the other, and new weapons begetting counter-weapons. In short, both the United States and its allies, and the Soviet Union and its allies, have a mutually deep interest in a just and genuine peace and in halting the arms race. Agreements to this end are in the interests of the Soviet Union as well as ours. And even the most hostile nations can be relied upon to accept and keep those treaty obligations, and only those treaty obligations, which are in their own interest.So let us not be blind to our differences, but let us also direct attention to our common interests and the means by which those differences can be resolved. And if we cannot end now our differences, at least we can help make the world safe fordiversity. For in the final analysis, our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this small planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children's futures. And we are all mortal.Third, let us reexamine our attitude towards the cold war, remembering we're not engaged in a debate, seeking to pile up debating points. We are not here distributing blame or pointing the finger of judgment. We must deal with the world as it is, and not as it might have been had the history of the last 18 years been different. We must, therefore, persevere in the search for peace in the hope that constructive changes within the Communist bloc might bring within reach solutions which now seem beyond us. We must conduct our affairs in such a way that it becomes in the Communists' interest to agree on a genuine peace. And above all, while defending our own vital interests, nuclear powers must avert those confrontations which bring an adversary to a choice of either a humiliating retreat or a nuclear war. To adopt that kind of course in the nuclear age would be evidence only of the bankruptcy of our policy -- or of a collective death-wish for the world.To secure these ends, America's weapons are nonprovocative, carefully controlled, designed to deter, and capable of selective use. Our military forces are committed to peace and disciplined in self-restraint. Our diplomats are instructed to avoid unnecessary irritants and purely rhetorical hostility. For we can seek a relaxation of tensions without relaxing our guard. And, for our part, we do not need to usethreats to prove we are resolute. We do not need to jam foreign broadcasts out of fear our faith will be eroded. We are unwilling to impose our system on any unwilling people, but we are willing and able to engage in peaceful competition with any people on earth.Meanwhile, we seek to strengthen the United Nations, to help solve its financial problems, to make it a more effective instrument for peace, to develop it into a genuine world security system -- a system capable of resolving disputes on the basis of law, of insuring the security of the large and the small, and of creating conditions under which arms can finally be abolished. At the same time we seek to keep peace inside the non-Communist world, where many nations, all of them our friends, are divided over issues which weaken Western unity, which invite Communist intervention, or which threaten to erupt into war. Our efforts in West New Guinea, in the Congo, in the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent, have been persistent and patient despite criticism from both sides. We have also tried to set an example for others, by seeking to adjust small but significant differences with our own closest neighbors in Mexico and Canada.Speaking of other nations, I wish to make one point clear. We are bound to many nations by alliances. Those alliances exist because our concern and theirs substantially overlap. Our commitment to defend Western Europe and West Berlin, for example, stands undiminished because of the identity of our vital interests. TheUnited States will make no deal with the Soviet Union at the expense of other nations and other peoples, not merely because they are our partners, but also because their interests and ours converge. Our interests converge, however, not only in defending the frontiers of freedom, but in pursuing the paths of peace. It is our hope, and the purpose of allied policy, to convince the Soviet Union that she, too, should let each nation choose its own future, so long as that choice does not interfere with the choices of others. The Communist drive to impose their political and economic system on others is the primary cause of world tension today. For there can be no doubt that if all nations could refrain from interfering in theself-determination of others, the peace would be much more assured.This will require a new effort to achieve world law, a new context for world discussions. It will require increased understanding between the Soviets and ourselves. And increased understanding will require increased contact and communication. One step in this direction is the proposed arrangement for a direct line between Moscow and Washington, to avoid on each side the dangerous delays, misunderstandings, and misreadings of others' actions which might occur at a time of crisis.We have also been talking in Geneva about our first-step measures of arm[s] controls designed to limit the intensity of the arms race and reduce the risk of accidental war. Our primary long range interest in Geneva, however, is general andcomplete disarmament, designed to take place by stages, permitting parallel political developments to build the new institutions of peace which would take the place of arms. The pursuit of disarmament has been an effort of this Government since the 1920's. It has been urgently sought by the past three administrations. And however dim the prospects are today, we intend to continue this effort -- to continue it in order that all countries, including our own, can better grasp what the problems and possibilities of disarmament are.The only major area of these negotiations where the end is in sight, yet where a fresh start is badly needed, is in a treaty to outlaw nuclear tests. The conclusion of such a treaty, so near and yet so far, would check the spiraling arms race in one of its most dangerous areas. It would place the nuclear powers in a position to deal more effectively with one of the greatest hazards which man faces in 1963, the further spread of nuclear arms. It would increase our security; it would decrease the prospects of war. Surely this goal is sufficiently important to require our steady pursuit, yielding neither to the temptation to give up the whole effort nor the temptation to give up our insistence on vital and responsible safeguards.I'm taking this opportunity, therefore, to announce two important decisions in this regard. First, Chairman Khrushchev, Prime Minister Macmillan, and I have agreed that high-level discussions will shortly begin in Moscow looking towards early agreement on a comprehensive test ban treaty. Our hope must be tempered -- Ourhopes must be tempered with the caution of history; but with our hopes go the hopes of all mankind. Second, to make clear our good faith and solemn convictions on this matter, I now declare that the United States does not propose to conduct nuclear tests in the atmosphere so long as other states do not do so. We will not -- We will not be the first to resume. Such a declaration is no substitute for a formal binding treaty, but I hope it will help us achieve one. Nor would such a treaty be a substitute for disarmament, but I hope it will help us achieve it.Finally, my fellow Americans, let us examine our attitude towards peace and freedom here at home. The quality and spirit of our own society must justify and support our efforts abroad. We must show it in the dedication of our own lives -- as many of you who are graduating today will have an opportunity to do, by serving without pay in the Peace Corps abroad or in the proposed National Service Corps here at home. But wherever we are, we must all, in our daily lives, live up to the age-old faith that peace and freedom walk together. In too many of our cities today, the peace is not secure because freedom is incomplete. It is the responsibility of the executive branch at all levels of government -- local, State, and National -- to provide and protect that freedom for all of our citizens by all means within our authority. It is the responsibility of the legislative branch at all levels, wherever the authority is not now adequate, to make it adequate. And it is the responsibility of all citizens in all sections of this country to respect the rights of others and respect the law of the land.All this -- All this is not unrelated to world peace. "When a man's way[s] please the Lord," the Scriptures tell us, "He maketh even his enemies to be at peace with him." And is not peace, in the last analysis, basically a matter of human rights: the right to live out our lives without fear of devastation; the right to breathe air as nature provided it; the right of future generations to a healthy existence?While we proceed to safeguard our national interests, let us also safeguard human interests. And the elimination of war and arms is clearly in the interest of both. No treaty, however much it may be to the advantage of all, however tightly it may be worded, can provide absolute security against the risks of deception and evasion. But it can, if it is sufficiently effective in its enforcement, and it is sufficiently in the interests of its signers, offer far more security and far fewer risks than an unabated, uncontrolled, unpredictable arms race.The United States, as the world knows, will never start a war. We do not want a war. We do not now expect a war. This generation of Americans has already had enough -- more than enough -- of war and hate and oppression.We shall be prepared if others wish it. We shall be alert to try to stop it. But we shall also do our part to build a world of peace where the weak are safe and the strong are just. We are not helpless before that task or hopeless of its success. Confidentand unafraid, we must labor on--not towards a strategy of annihilation but towards a strategy of peace.下一页：中文翻译翻译仅供参考安德森校长、员工们、董事会、我的老同事鲍勃·伯德参议员(伯德参议员上了多年法律夜校才取得学位，而我将在随后的三十分钟取得学位)、贵宾们、女士们、先生们：美国大学是卫理公会赞助、约翰·弗莱彻·赫斯特主教创办、伍德罗·威尔逊总统于1914年揭幕的学校，我为出席这次典礼而感到非常自豪。
鲁东大学大学英语(三)(A)期末考试复习题及参考答案
大学英语（三）（A）一、单选题( 每题2分, 共25道小题, 总分值50分)1.The new engine must be thoroughly _____ before being out on the market.(2分)A. tried outB. tried toC. tried inD. tried with参考答案：A2.Avoid buying junk food -Resist the _________of buying junk food while shopping or going outside.(2分)A. riskB. temptationC. timeD. help参考答案：B3.The Internet enables us to ________ the world without leaving home.(2分)A. registerB. exploreC. secureD. conduct参考答案：B4.Social Media is about how you use it to _____________ your relationships with other people in real life.(2分)A. findB. enhanceC. buildD. make参考答案：B5.We tried to _____ him _____climbing the mountain without a guide.(2分)A. discourage…fromB. encourage…fromC. persuade….toD. encourage…to参考答案：A6.The lifeboat went out to rescue a ship in _____.(2分)A. disgraceB. disappointmentC. despairD. distress参考答案：D7.These games allow gamers to_____________ with each other and play with or against other gamers.(2分)A. interactB. influenceC. fightD. meet参考答案：A8.Many parents are at fault for their children to be obese at such a young age as they failed to___________their eating habits.(2分)A. helpB. adjustC. monitorD. change参考答案：C9.Animal rights ________ argue that zoos are really animal prisons and very often cruel.(2分)A. fragmentsB. legislationsC. motivationsD. advocates参考答案：D10.The computer is very useful because it is able to store ____________.(2分)A. much informationB. a number of informationsC. many informationsD. a lot information参考答案：A11.Howard ________ those who had no principle and could be bought by money.(2分)A. disdainedB. derivedC. sortedD. organized参考答案：A12.The government refuses to ________ with terrorists.(2分)A. implyB. organizeC. vowD. negotiate参考答案：D13.By the time we arrived at the airport, the rain ________already______.(2分)A. has …stoppedB. had…stoppedC. /…stoppedD. / …stops参考答案：B14.These dogs are ________ to fight.(2分)B. talentedC. dominatedD. bred参考答案：D15.We will not have the picnic unless more people _____.(2分)A. signed inB. signed withC. signed forD. signed up参考答案：D16.What the story wants to tell us is that it will be difficult to ________to principles if their differences only lie in quantity rather than quality.(2分)A. resistB. violateC. adhereD. break参考答案：C17.There are both playboys and ________men in the “Affluent Second Generation.”(2分)A. honestB. loyalC. diligentD. hardworking参考答案：B18.If you want to be efficient, you need to ________ your tasks.(2分)A. pile upB. contributeC. mirrorD. prioritize参考答案：D19.Since China has entered the WTO, the _______ on foreign businesses will gradually be reduced.(2分)A. restrictionsB. accessC. exchangeD. opportunity参考答案：A20.His new career as a writer is not successful and he has written only one novel ________.(2分)A. so farB. by farC. in farD. with far参考答案：A21.Americans are more __________ to choose “love”as a reason for marriage than any otherA. likeB. usedC. inclinedD. favor参考答案：C22.I’d _______ it if you would turn the radio down.(2分)A. amuseB. undertakeC. appreciateD. suspect参考答案：C23.When I ________ my childhood, I realize that I was totally carefree and naïve.(2分)A. looked inB. looked upC. looked backD. looked out参考答案：C24.Bob took a part-time job ________ handbills for a cosmetic company.(2分)A. checking outB. setting upC. putting downD. giving out参考答案：D25.The _________ situation is very different to that in 2000.(2分)A. remarkB. fragmentC. currentD. negotiate参考答案：C二、翻译题( 每题5分, 共5道小题, 总分值25分)1.No one's suggesting that you say directly "I'm too busy" when your boss walks up and asks you to take on a new project. Instead, it's more helpful to point out to your manager exactly how heavy your current workload is. It's not as clear as just saying "Nope, sorry," but it gets the same message across: you have enough on your plate, and if you add something else, you'll need their help deciding what comes off.(5分)参考答案：当老板走过来问你一个新的项目的时候，没有人会说“我太忙了”，相反，它更有助于你提出你的经理工作的沉重负荷，不明确的说“不，对不起”是提供一样的信息给你的老板，如果给你新增加工作，你需要他提供什么的帮助给你。
原创力：英美文学填空题
原创力之英美文学填空题1、John Steinbeck’s masterpiece “The Grapes of Wrath”is a monumented epic of the GreatDepression.2、John Steinbeck largely based his fiction on “The Grapes of Wrath”.3、A playwright of social philosophy, Arthur Miller advocates that the common man, and noneof rank, is the tragic hero of modern times.4、Arthur Miller’s most impressive play was “Death of a Salesman”.5、Joseph Heller’s “Catch-22”, considered to be one of the most significant works of “protestliterature” since World War II, is an almost archetypal example of black humor.6、F. Soctt Fitzgerald was a spokesman forr the so-called Jazz Age.7、“The Great Gatsby” is generally regarded as Fitzgerald’s masterpiece.8、Cheever is generally acclaimed as a realist writer about suburban manners and morals.9、Cheever’s major theme is the dilemma of American upper-middle class.10、Cheever’s style is manifested in the use of psychological realism and symbols.11、Updike uses the first-person point of view in the “A & P”.12、“A & P” is an appropriate symbol for the mass ethic of a consumer-conditional society. In this setting, the story reveals the sensitive character of a young grocery clerk who rejects the standards of the A & P and in doing so commits himself to that kind of individual freedom.13、Jack Kerouac’s best novel is “On the Road”.14、Katherine Anne Porter’s first book of stories was “Flowering Judas”.15、Much of the critical acclaim for the “Theft” results from her skillful use of symbols in it. The stolen purse symbolizes all property.16、Isaac Bashevis Singer’s fiction is characteristically in the tradition of the spoken tale,mingling forthright literalness about the visible world with an equally literal rendition of fantastic and supernatural forms.17、“The Dean’s December” is written by Saul Bellow.18、As the leader of the Harlem writers who created the Black Literary Renaissance of the 1920s, Langston Hughes was known as the “Poet Laureate of Harlem”and “O. Henry of Harlem”.19、In the poem “The Negro Speaks of Rivers,”Hughes uses the rivers to symbolize thesoul of the Black people.20、In 1920 O’Neill’s first full-length play “Beyond the Horizon”was professionallyproduced on Broadway and won the Pulitzer Prize, and the name of O’Neill became known throughout the country.21、“The Song of Beowulf”can be justly termed England’s national epic and its heroBeowulf —one of the national heroes of the English people.22、Geoffrey Chaucer was called the “father of English poetry,”and his allegories andsymbols are tinged with realistic images.23、Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.24、The first mention of Robin Hood in literature is in Langland’s “The Vision of Piers, thePlowman”.25、At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist Thomas More (1478-1535)wrote his “Utopia” (1516) in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’ssufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.26、Thomas Wyatt was the first to introduce sonnet into English literature.27、The literature which the Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright,romantic tales of love and adventure, in marked contrast with the strength and somberness of Anglo-Saxon poetry.28、The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe.29、Great popularity was won by John Lyly’s novel “Eupheus” which gave rise to the term“euphuism,” designating an affected style of court speech.30、The works of William Shakespeare are a great landmark in the history of world literaturefor he was one of the first founders of realism, a masterhand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations.31、“Hamlet” is the profoundest expression of Shakespeare’s humanism and his criticism ofcontemporary life.32、Of Bacon’s literary works, the most important are the “Essays”.33、The largest and most important of Bacon’s professional works are the treatises entitled“Maxims of the Law” and “Reading on the Statute of Uses”.34、John Milton’s greatest work “Paradies Lost,” presents the author’s views in an allegoricreligious form, and the reader will easily discern its basic idea —the exposure of reactionary forces of his time and passionate appeal for freedom.35、Bunyan’s most important work is “The Pilgrim’s Progress,”written in theold-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.36、The most outstanding personality of the epoch of Enlightenment in England wasJonathan Swift who ruthlessly exposed the dirty mercenary essence of bourgeois relationships.37、To read Milton’s “Il Penserose” and Thomas Gray’s “Elegy” is to see the beginning andthe perfection of that “literature of melancholy” which largely occupied English poets for more than a century.38、With the publication of his frontier tale, “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of CalaverasCountry,” Twain became nationally famous.39、The first uncompromising naturalistic novel in America, “Maggie: A Girl of theStreets” pointed an unabashed picture of the bitter life of the slum-dwellers.40、Stephen Crane’ most famous short story is “The Open Boat”.41、“Mc Teague” has been called “the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel” and “aconsciously naturalistic manifesto.”It is a classic case study of the inevitable effect of environment and heredity on human lives.42、The narrator of “Hugh Selwyn Mauberley” is Odysseus-Pound, and the substructure ofthe “Cantos” is Homeric.43、Howells defines realism as “fidelity to experience and probability of motive,” as a questof the average and the habitual rather than the exceptional or the uniquely high or low. 44、“Daisy Miller”won Henry James international fame and which reveals James’fascination with his “international theme”.45、Henry James was one of the three staunch advocates of nineteenth-century Americanrealism, the other two being Howells and Mark Twain.46、“A juggler with syntax, grammar, and diction,” E.E. Cummings wrote entirelyregardless of any established conventions of poetry, thus becoming a symbol of the modern pioneering spirit in modern American literary history.47、“The Bridge” is one of the long poems to come out of the twentieth-century Americanmodern epic tradition, ranking alongside “The Waste Land,”“the Cantos,” and “Paterson”. 48、T.S. Eliot read “The Great Gatsby” three times and concluded that it was “the first stepthat American fiction has taken since Henry James”.49、Hemingway’s influence as a stylist was neatly expressed in the praise of the Nobel PrizeCommittee about “his powerful style-forming mastery of the art” of writing modern fiction. 50、“The Naked Lunch” best illustrates Burroughs’ thematic and formal features.。
人九I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7(含答案)
2020-2021学年人教新目标英语九年级全册Unit14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7单元训练题(含答案)一、单项选择。
( )1.She wants to learn more about American history. She is thirsty such knowledge.A.atB.ofC.forD.with( )2.Jane is my new pen pal. I often look forward to her e-mail.A.receiveB.receivesC.receivingD.received( )3.I'm to my English teacher because she often encourages me to hold on to my dream.A.carefulB.thankfulC.harmfuleful( )4.You should be your decisions. If you make a wrong decision, you will be regretful.A.busy withB.thankful toC.responsible forD.tired of( )5.We all want to know who can the physics problem.You know,it's very difficult.A.work outB.take outC.set outD.look out( )6.Martin and Susan for Shanghai to attend an international meeting yesterday.A.put offB.fell offC.set offD.kept off( )7.The school music festival next Monday.A.was heldB.heldC.will be heldD.will hold( )8. it was cold, Jenny still went to the park with her friends.A.SinceB.BecauseC.IfD.Although( )9.—Could you tell me how to behave politely in public in the UK?—Yes. , you should keep your voice down and always queue.A.After allB.First of allC.In allD.At all( )10.I will face the difficulties bravely difficult they are.A.whateverB.whereverC.howeverD.whoever二、完形填空。
专业英语八级词汇-19_真题-无答案
专业英语八级词汇-19(总分100,考试时间90分钟)1. The oldest part of British Parliament isA. the House of Lords.B. the House of Commons.C. the Shadow of Cabinet.D. the Chamber.2. The national newspapers can be divided into ______ and national Sundays.A. national dailiesB. national weekliesC. national monthliesD. national Saturdays3. ______, the third largest city in Canada, is well known as Ice-Free Harbor.A. MontrealB. QuebecC. TorontoD. Vancouver4. The President during the American Civil War wasA. Andrew Jackson.B. Abraham Lincoln.C. Thomas Jefferson.D. George Washington.5. The Ring and the Book is a masterpiece ofA. Alfred Tennyson.B. Robert Browning.C. Thomas Hardy.D. Ralph Waldo Emerson.6. Matthew Arnold is the writer ofA. Dover Beach.B. My last Duchess.C. Break. Break, Break.D. The Eagle.7. The writer of heart of Darkness is also the one ofA. Time of Machine.B. Jim.C. Lord Jim.D. A Passage to India.8. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as ______ linguistic.A. appliedB. diachronicC. comparativeD. synchronic9. The **bination "-ness" in the words "weakness", "darkness" is called aA. prefix.B. suffix.C. free morpheme.D. root.10. "Words are names or labels for things." This view is called ______ in semantic theory.A. mentalismB. conceptualismC. naming theoryD. contextualism11. All the following universities are located in New England EXCEPTA. Yale.B. Harvard.C. MIT.D. Berkeley.12. Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece ofA. Jane Austen.B. Charlotte Bronte.C. Emily Bronte.D. William Thackeray.13. Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain?A. The Times.B. The Guardian.C. The Observer.D. The Financial Times.14. In American history, Gilded Age is the yearsA. between the start of the 19th century and the end of the 19th century.B. between the Civil War and the start of the 20th century.C. from 1929 to 1933.D. from 1950 to 1975.15. Wordsworth's poetry, divided by the subjects, falls into two major groups: one about nature and the other aboutA. human life.B. human nature.C. social system.D. human spirit.16. Which of the following is NOT one of the Leather Stocking Tales by James F. Cooper?A. The Pioneers.B. The Last of the Mohicans.C. The Pathfinder.D. The Crater.17. The Romantic Period in American Literary history started with the publication ofA. Washington Irving's The Sketch Book.B. Washington Irving's Tales of a Traveler.C. Whitman's Leaves of Grass.D. James Fenimore Cooper's Leather Stocking Tales.18. Which is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content?A. Word.B. Morpheme.C. Allomorph.D. Root.19. "Long" and "short" are a pair of ______ antonyms.A. gradableB. complementaryC. reverseD. converse20. The word "language" is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person's language calledA. scientific language.B. idiolect.C. colloquial language.D. formal language.21. The Great Charter (Magna Carta) was signed by ______ in 1215.A. King Henry IB. King JohnC. King William ID. King Richard22. The Capital of Northern Ireland isA. Swansea.B. CardiffC. Rhonda.D. Belfast.23. The three largest cities in Canada do NOT includeA. Toronto.B. Montreal.C. Ottawa.D. Vancouver.24. The first American President who inaugurated in Washington City wasA. George Washington.B. Thomas Jefferson.C. John Adams.D. Abraham Lincoln.25. The following plays **edies by Shakespeare EXCEPTA. A Midsummer Night's Dream.B. Twelfth Night.C. The Merchant of V enice.D. The Tempest.26. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is a short story written byA. James Fenimore Cooper.B. Washington Irving.C. Edgar Allan Poe.D. Mark Twain.27. ______ was considered to be the greatest dramatist in the 18th century.A. Henry FieldingB. Jonathan SwiftC. Daniel DefoeD. Richard B. Sheridan28. The function of the sentence "Water starts to freeze at zero degree centigrade." isA. interrogative.B. directive.C. informative.D. performative.29. ______ act expresses the intention of the speaker.A. LocutionaryB. IllocutionaryC. PerlocutionaryD. Speech30. TG grammar was put forward byA. Saussure.B. Leech.C. Halliday.D. Noam Chomsky.31. ______ is the largest state of all the states of America.A. TexasB. AlaskaC. CaliforniaD. Hawaii32. The capital of the Republic of Ireland isA. Dublin.B. CardiffC. Belfast.D. Edinburgh.33. ______ is the only judicial branch which has the authority to explain the American Constitution.A. The Supreme CourtB. The PresidentC. The SenateD. The House of Representatives34. The flag of the United Kingdom, is made up of ______ crosses.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five35. ______ is the founder of English materialist philosophy.A. Christopher MarloweB. Francis BaconC. Thomas MoreD. Edmund Spencer36. Ezra Pound is best known for his active involvement inA. the Beat Generation movement.B. the radical political protests.C. the poetic revolution.D. the school of Naturalism.37. Which of the following was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe?A. Roughing It in the Bush.B. Walden.C. Adam Bede.D. Uncle Tom's Cabin.38. The study of a language as it changes through time is ______ linguistic.A. comparativeB. diachronicC. up-to-dateD. descriptive39. Among the three branches of phonetics, the most highly developed one is ______ phonetics.A. auditoryB. acousticC. articulatoryD. none of the above three40. The element "-es" in "pushes" is a(n)A. free morpheme.B. derivational morpheme.C. root morpheme.D. inflectional morpheme.41. The symbol of England isA. Thistle.B. Shamrock.C. Daffodil.D. Rose.42. ______, the capital of Victoria, is Australia's second largest city.A. MelbourneB. BrisbaneC. CanberraD. Adelaide43. The first known settlers of Britain were theA. Iberians.B. Jutes.C. Celts.D. Anglo-Saxons.44. In 1620, in order to escape religious persecution, 102 Pilgrims sailed to the America in Mayflower and establishedA. New York.B. Georgia.C. Virginia.D. Plymouth.45. F. Scott Fitzgerald mainly shows the spiritual predicament of ______ in his fiction.A. the working classB. the upper classC. the exiles in ParisD. intellectuals and artists46. Which of the following is NOT written by Theodore Dreiser?A. Sister Carrie.B. The Titan.C. Light in August.D. Jennie Gerhardt.47. Which of the following is NOT the works of William Blake?A. Poetical Sketches.B. Songs of Innocence.C. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell.D. The Tree of Liberty.48. The SF Grammar is developed by ______ on the basis of Firth's theories.A. SaussureB. Leonard BloomfieldC. HallidayD. Noam Chomsky49. One way to analyze lexical meaning isA. predication analysis.B. stylistic analysis.C. componential analysis.D. proposition analysis.50. The relation between "poultry" and "duck" isA. polysemy.B. antonymy.C. homophony.D. hyponymy.。
美国历史american history
The federal government only has the power to do what it says in the Constitution. All other powers are given to the states and to the people.
Federal (National) & State Government
This belief was used to justify wars against native Mexicans and Indians, as the whites moved westward.
“Manifest Destiny”
Over the next century, thousands of families traveled west to build new settlements. This was the beginning of the
After
The U.S. U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. The Constitution organizes the American government, and organizes relationships between the national government, the state’s governments, and the people.
Federal (National) & State Government
This kind of government is known as federalism（联邦主义）. In a federal government, right to rule is divided between a central authority (the nation) and smaller political units (the states).
美国文学填空填空题练习
Part I. The Literature of Colonial America1. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was American Puritanism11. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the Puritan values that dominated much of the early American writing.Part II. The Literature of Reason and Revolution3. Benjamin Franklin also edited the first colonial magazine, which he called the General Magazine.4. Benjamin Franklin's best writing is found in his masterpiece Autobiography9. The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was Philip Freneau10. Philip Freneau's famous poem The British Prison Ship was written about his imprisoned experience.11. Philip Freneau was considered as the " poet of the American Revolution. "12. Philip Freneau has been called the "Father of American Poetry."14. In American literature, the eighteenth century was an Age of Reason and Revolution.Part III. The Literature of Romanticism1. In the early nineteenth century, Washington Irving wrote The Sketch Book which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.2. In 1828, Noah Webster published his An American Dictionary of the English Language.3. In 1755, Samuel Johnson published his remarkable dictionary named Dictionary of the English Language.4. The Civil War of 1861—1865 ended in the defeat of the Southerners and the abolition of Slavery5. The American Transcendentalists formed a club called the Transcendental Club.6. The Transcendental Club often met at Ralph Waldo Emerson's Concord home.7.Washington Irving was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism.8. At nineteen, Washington Irving published in his brother's newspaper, his "Jonathan Old style" satires of New York life.9. In Washington Irving's work The Sketch Book appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.10. In Paris, Washington Irving met John Howard Payne, the American dramatist and actor, with whom Irving wrote his brilliant social comedy Charles the Second, or The Merry Monarch.11. The short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is taken from Washington Irving's work named The Sketch Book.12.Washington Irving was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War.13. Washington Irving' s first book appeared in 1809. It was entitled The History of New York.14. Washington Irving also wrote two biographies, one is The Life of Oliver Gold¬smith, and the other is Life of Washington.15. The first important American novelist was James Fenimore Cooper16. James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Spy was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War.17. The best of James Fenimore Cooper's sea romances was The Pilot. The hero of the novel represents John Paul Jones, the great naval fighter of the Revolutionary War.18. The central figure in the Leather stocking Tales is Natty Bumppo , who goes by the various names of Leather stocking,Deer slayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.19. To a Waterfowl" is perhaps the peak of William Cullen Bryant ' s work, it has been called by an eminent English critic " the most perfect brief poem in the language. "20.William Cullen Bryant was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet in the world literature.21. Among William Cullen Bryant's most important later works are his translations of the Iliad and the Odyssey into English blank verse.22. Edgar Allan Poe's poem The Bells is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in the English language.23. Edgar Allan Poe's poem The Raven was published in 1845 as the title poem of a collection.24. Ralph Waldo Emerson was responsible for bringing transcendentalism to New England.25. Ralph Waldo Emerson's truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson's theories, was Henry David Thoreau26. In 1845, Henry David Thoreau began a two-year residence at Walden Pond.27. A superb book entitled Walden came out of Henry David Thoreau's two-year experiment at Walden Pond.28. From Henry David Thoreau's Concord jail experience, came his famous essay Civil Disobedience.29. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter.30. Herman Melville's novel Moby Dick is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.31. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's first collection of poems entitled Voices of the Night appeared in 1838.32. The most scholarly of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's writings is his translation of Dante's Divine Comedy.33. Besides lyrics and longer poems Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote dramatic works, among which Michael Angelo is the most conspicuous.34. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Lowell are the only two American poets commemorated in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.35. After his death, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.36. The American Romantic period stretches from the end of the eighteenth century through the outburst of the Civil War.37. The English author named Sir Walter Scott was, in a way, responsible for the romantic description of landscape in American literature and the development of American Indian romance. His Waverley novels were models for American historical romances.38. Published in 1823, The Pioneers was the first of the Leather stocking Tales, in their order of publication time, and probably the first true romance of the frontier in American literature.39. In The Pioneers, Natty Bumppo represents the ideal American, living a virtuous and free life in God' s world.40. In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. It was entitled Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson41. Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay The American Scholar has been regarded as "America's Declaration of Intellectual Independence". It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.42. Another renowned New England Transcendentalist was Henry David Thoreau a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson' s and his junior by some fourteen years.43. The way in which Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote The Scarlet Letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.44. Herman Melville's world classic novel Moby Dick was dedicated to Nathaniel Hawthorne a novelist.45. It is said that in his late years, Herman Melville stopped writing novels and stories and turned to poetry, Clarel is his most famous poetic work.46. Herman Melville is best known as the author of one book named Moby Dick which is, critics have agreed, one of theworld's greatest masterpieces.Part IV. The Literature of Realism1. Realism had originated in the country France as a literary doctrine that called for "reality and truth" in the depiction of ordinary life.2. The arbiter of nineteenth century literary realism in America was William Dean Howells.3. Henry James probed deeply at the individual psychology of his characters, writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience.4. Mark Twain, breaking out of the narrow limits of local color fiction, described the breadth of American experience as no one had ever done before, or since.5. Darwinism had an evident influence on naturalism. It seemed to stress the animality of man, to suggest that he was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution.6. The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called free verse, that is poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.7. In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman gave America its first genuine epic poem.8. There is no doubt that the solitary Emily Dickinson of Amherst, Massachusetts, is a poet of great power and beauty.9. There was only one female prose writer in the nineteenth century. That was Harriet Beecher Stowe10. Harriet Beecher Stowe's masterpiece is Uncle Tom's Cabin.11. Samuel Langhorne Clemens is better known by the pen name Mark Twain .12. One of Samuel Langhorne Clemens' best books Life on the Mississippi is built around his experiences as a steamboat pilot.13. The result of Mark Twain's European trip was a series of newspaper articles, later published as a book called Innocents Abroad.14. Mark Twain was the first literary giant born west of the Mississippi.15. Mark Twain's work The Mysterious Stranger tells of the visits of an angel to the village of Eseldorf in Austria in 1590.16. William Sidney Porter, whose pen name was O. Henry, was the author of The Cop and the Anthem.17. Many of O. Henry's stories tell about the life of poor people in New York.18. 0. Henry sympathized with the poor's lot and hated those rich who exploited and despised them. This is especially seen in his story entitled An Unfinished story.19. It is said that O. Henry imitated a French author named De Maupassant as a model, and there is indeed much in common between these two writers.20. The title of one of O. Henry's books The Four Millions indicates that he considered all the people of New York City worth writing about, instead of only the upper class.21. Henry James' first novel is Watch and Ward, which failed to make him famous.22. The novel which was described by an American critic as "an outrage to American girlhood" is Henry James' Daisy Miller .23. Henry James' first important fiction was A Passionate Pilgrim in which he took up for the first time the theme of The American in Europe.24. In 1881, Henry James published his novel The Portrait of a Lady, which is generally considered as his masterpiece.25. Henry James is considered the founder of Psychological realism. He believed that reality lies in the impressions made by life on the spectator.26. The name of the heroine in The Portrait of a Lady is Isabel Archer.27. In 1902 Jack London published his first novel A Daughter of the Snows .28. Martin Eden is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.29. The first novel of Theodore Dreiser was Sister Carrie.30. The identification of potency with money is at the heart of Theodore Dreiser's masterpiece An American Tragedy.31. The protagonisw of Theodore Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire is Frank Cowperwood.32. Theodore Dreiser visited the Soviet Union in 1927 and published Dreiser Looks at Russia the following year.33. Theodore Dreiser's novel Sister Carrie , a commercial and critical failure when first published in 1900, was reissued in 1907 and won high praise for its grim, naturalistic portrayal of American society.34. Mark Twain's first novel, The Gilded Age was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the postbellum period which it attempts to satirize.35. Three years' life on the Mississippi left such a fond memory with Mark Twain that he returned to the theme more than once in his writing career. His book Life on the Mississippi relates it in a vivid, moving way.36. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was Mark Twain' s masterpiece from which, as Hemingway noted, "all modern American literature comes. "37. The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , which was a success from its first publication in 1884, and has always been regarded as one of the great books of western literature and western civilization.38. Stephen Crane is the pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition.39. Stephen Crane's novel Maggi; A Girl of the Streets relates the story of a good woman' s down¬ fall and destruction ina slum environment.40. War in the novel The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane is a plain slaughter-house. There is nothing like valor or heroism on the battlefield, and if there is anything, it is the fear of death, cowardice, the natural instinct of man to run from danger.41. Benjamin Frank Norris' novel McTe ague has been called "the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel" and "a consciously naturalistic manifesto".42. Jack London's masterwork Martin Eden is somewhat autobiographical.43. O. Henry's The Gift of the Magi is a very moving story of a young couple who sell their best possessions in order to get money for a Christmas present for each other.Part V. Twentieth Century Literature (I) Before WWII1. The First World War stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth century and the contemporary American literature.2. American writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a "Lost Generation " , devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization.3. The most significant American poem of the twentieth century was The Waste Land.4. The publication of The Waste Land, written by Thomas Stearns Eliot, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.5. In 1920, Sinclair Lewis published his memorable denunciation of American small-town provincialism in Main Street .6. F. Scott Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in his masterpiece novel The Great Gatsby7. The Great Depression of the 1930s greatly weakened the American nation's self-confidence.8. An American woman writer named Gertrude Stein who had lived in Paris since 1903, welcomed the young expatriates to her literary salon, and gave them a name "the Lost Generation".9. William Faulkner wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the American Southern States, and its effecton the lives of modern people, both black and white.10. Ezra Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the "Imagist" movement.11. Ezra Pound's major work of poetry is the long poem called The Cantos.12. One of Edwin Arlington Robinson's early books, Captain Craig, once came to the attention of President Theodore Roosevelt.13. Edwin Arlington Robinson produced a large body of works and was honored with the Pulitzer Prize in 1922, 1925 and 1928.14. Robert Frost' s first book A Boy's Will brought him to the attention of influential critics, such as Ezra Pound, who praised him as an authentic poet.15. Robert Frost's second volume of poems was North of Boston16. "After Apple-Picking" is a well-known poem written by Robert Frost17. New Hampshire, one of Robert Frost's longest poems, is a very witty and wise anecdotal discussion about the values of life and character.18. At one time, Sandburg's reputation mainly rested on a multi-volume biography of Abraham Lincoln including "The Prairie Years" and "The War Years".19. Carl Sandburg' s love of folklore developed in time into a rather modern tendency to represent it in literature such as in his The People,Yes .20. Wallace Stevens was successful in two fields of activity which did not seem compatible with one another; he was a very successful businessman and a very re¬markable contemporary poet at the same time.21. At the age of 44, Wallace Stevens was finally persuaded to publish a book of poems, entitled Harmonium.22. The Necessary Angel is a collection of Wallace Stevens' s occasional lectures on poetry.23. For the publication of his Collected Poems, Wallace Stevens received the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize.24. After his death, Wallace Stevens' s previously uncollected works appeared under the title Opus Posthumous.25. In 1915, Thomas Stearns Eliot published his Prufrock and Other Observations.26. In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot published his The Sacred Wood, containing, among other essays, "Tradition and the Individual Talent", the earliest statement of his aesthetics.27. In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot began to write his masterpiece The Waste Land, one of the major works of modern literature.28. As Thomas Stearns Eliot declared, he followed strictly the advice of his close friend Ezra Pound in cutting and concentrating The Waste Land.29. Thomas Stearns Eliot's later poetry took a positive turn toward faith in life. This was demonstrated by Ash-Wednesday,a poem of mystical conflict between faith and doubt.30. In his work The Hollow Men, Thomas Stearns Eliot satirized the straw men, the Guy Fawkles men, whose world would end "not with a bang, but a whimper."31. Few men of letters have been more fully honored in their own day than Thomas Stearns Eliot, and even those who strongly disagree with him seemed content with his selection for the Nobel Prize in 1948.32. Thomas Steams Eliot wrote seven plays, the best of which is Murder in the Cathedral, a verse play on an ancient historical subject, written in 1935.33. Thomas Stearns Eliot's last important work was Four Quartets, a profound meditation on time and timelessness, written in four parts.34. F. Scott Fitzgerald's first novel This Side of Paradise, with its portrayal of casual dissipations of "flaming youth" , was an immediate commercial success.35. In 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote his best novel The Great Gatsby. It is the story of an idealist who was destroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.36. F. Scott Fitzgerald' s second novel The Beautiful and the Damned describes a handsome young man and his beautiful wife, undoubtedly modelled after himself and Zelda.37. The hero in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel Tender is the Night is a psychiatrist who marries a rich patient. The author condemns the wasted energy of misguided youth.38. F. Scott Fitzgerald's last novel The Last Tycoon remained unfinished.39. With the publication of The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway became the spokes¬ man for what Gertrude Stein had called "a Lost Generation".40. Emest Hemingway's stature as a writer was confirmed with the publication of his novel A Farewell to Arms in 1929. The novel portrayed a farewell both to war and to love.41. Set in Spain during the Civil War, the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls stated again Hemingway ' s view of love found and lost, and described the indomitable spirit of the common people.42. In the story The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway portrayed an old fisherman named Santiago, who shows triumphant even in defeat.43. In 1954, Ernest Hemingway was awarded a Nobel Prize for his "mastery of the art of modem narration".44. Numerous parallels exist between the events of Ernest Hemingway's life and those of his characters, but fewer were closer than those of Richard Cantwell, the hero of the work Across the River and into the Trees.45. In 1952, Ernest Hemingway published a successful novel entitled The Old Man and the Sea, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and occasioned the award of the Nobel Prize in 1954.46. In the same way that F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tales of the Jazz Age became the symbol for an age, Ernest Hemingway' s novel The Sun also Rises painted the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation.47. Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms can be read as a footnote to The Sun Also Rises in that it explains how people, like Jake Barnes, come to behave the way they do.48. The Spanish war was conductive to Ernest Hemingway's writing The Fifth Column, a play which was universally deplored.49. John Steinbeck was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s.50. In the short novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck portrayed the tragic friendship between two migrant workers.51. In the work The Long Valley John Steinbeck described the fate of the lowly whose instinctive responses to life led only to destruction.52. The Grapes of Wrath is generally regarded as John Steinbeck's masterpiece.53. In 1935, John Steinbeck published Tortilla Flat, a collection of short stories which vividly described the life of poor Mexican-Americans with affection and humor.54. John Steinbeck's post-war novel The Pearl reflected his bitter feelings against those greedy, rapacious elements of society which made the war possible.55. Quentin is a character in William Faulkner's novel The Sound and the Fury56. Joe Christmas is a character in William Faulkner's novel Light in August.57. The works written by William Faulkner may be viewed as a culmination of the development of twentieth-century southern fiction.58. Katherine Ann Porter's novel Ship of Fools consists of three parts, "Embarkation", "High Sea" , "The Harbors"59. In her essay "Place in Fiction" , Eudora Welty emphasizes the importance of for literary creations. She is noted for her fidelity to the American South, so her major theme relate to place, traditional southern family relationships.60. Carson McCullers was said to touch William Faulkner in writing, and her well-known novels are and The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, The Ballad of the Sad Cafe61. One of the important figures in the 1930s who tried to adapt European avantgardism to American writing is Nathanael West62. The New Criticism first emerged in 1920s as a reaction against the prevailing time-honored critical tendency to focus on thetheme often in disregard of the form of the work. The name is given by John Crowe Ransom's collection of critical essays The New Criticism .Part VI. Twentieth Century Literature (II) After WWII2. In poetry, Postmodernism strives to go against the vogue of the New Critical poem and its parent style, the High Modernism of the previous decades.4. Allen Ginsberg is the spokesman of postwar Beat Generation in American literary history.17. J. D. Salinger is probably best known for his novel The Catcher in the Rye26. Joseph Heller's Catch-22is one of the most famous novels dealing with the subject of absurdity in typical "obscure" techniques.Part VII. American Drama1. Eugene O' Neill is the first master in the American history of drama.2. In 1916, Eugene O' Neill's first play Bound East for Cardiff was put on by the Province-town Players, which was significant not only for him but for American Drama.5. Eugene O' Neill received the Pulitzer Prize for his Beyond the Horizon and Anna Christie between 1920 and 1922, and Nobel Prize in 1936.10. The Theater of the Absurd in the 1950s and 1960s refers to some plays, some of which center on the meaninglessness of life with its pain and suffering that seems funny, even ridiculous. Edward Albee is one of the representatives.Part VIII. Multi-ethnic Literature1. African American literature centers on a myth, though also biblical, quite different from that on which mainstream American literature is based.2. African American literature is patterned on a myth of_deliverance from slavery, that of the Hebrew prophet Moses leading the Jews in their flight from the bondage in Egypt.3. African American literature has undergone a long process of evolution. Its early form was oral, including songs, ballads and spirituals, in short, folk literature in its various manifestations.6. In the 1940 Richard Wright's Native Son came out as a watershed in the tradition of the African American novel.7. Toni Morrison and Alice Walker are two of the most important female African American novelists.14. By far the most important person in the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes known as African Americans' poet laureate, who ultimately outgrew the movement, and developed into one of the major African American authors to help make African American culture.15. Langston Hughes was one of the founders of the black theater in the Federal Theater Project during the Depression. 18. Native Son by Richard Wright is a story about an African American adolescent's growth of awareness. It consists of three sections, namely "Fear", "Right" and "Fate".19. African American literature attained a higher degree of maturity in 1952 when Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man appeared in print.21. Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon is seen as another milestone in African American literature after Native Son and Invisible Man. It tells the story of an African American trying to recover his family roots.29. Another important Asian American writer is Amy Tan, whose first novel, The Joy Luck Club, made quite a stir on the contemporary American literary scene and brought Asian American literature to the intensive scrutiny of readers and critics alike.。
小学上册第二次英语第6单元综合卷(有答案)
小学上册英语第6单元综合卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The ________ was a significant period of migration in American history.2.在中国，________ (history) 上的许多故事仍然流传至今。
3.What is the sound a cat makes?A. BarkB. MeowC. RoarD. Moo答案:B4.I love to read ______ books at the library.5.The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was _______. (居里夫人)6.She likes to paint ___. (pictures)7.The cat is chasing a ______ (mouse).8. A _____ can be millions of light-years away from Earth.9. A chemical reaction can involve ______, heat, and light.10.The __________ (历史的传递方式) affect comprehension.11.The capital of Estonia is ________ (爱沙尼亚的首都是________).12.My favorite type of ________ (运动) is tennis.13.An iguana can change its _________. (颜色)14.I enjoy _______ (参加)文化活动。
15.The main component of air is __________.16.My dog likes to dig _______ (洞) in the garden.17.The coach, ______ (教练), motivates us to improve.18.We should plant more _____ (树木) to improve the air.19.The chemical symbol for lithium is _______.20. A _______ is a type of bond formed between two nonmetals.21.The __________ (历史的反响) resonates deeply.22._____ (organic) farming avoids chemicals.23.What is the name of the famous American singer known for "Born to Run"?A. Bruce SpringsteenB. Bob DylanC. Eric ClaptonD. Billy Joel 答案:A24.The ________ (team) is committed to success.25.They are _____ (waiting/wait) for the bus.26.My sister enjoys ________ (写日记).27.I like to help my dad ________ (修理家具).28.I think collecting ________ (玩具名) is a great way to learn about history.29.The chemical formula for aluminum hydroxide is _____.30.The tortoise can pull its head into its _________ (壳).31.The rabbit nibbles on a _______ (兔子啃_______).32. A _______ can measure the flow rate of liquids through pipes.33.The ______ (狮子) lives in Africa and is very strong.34.The _____ (火烈鸟) is often found in warm climates.35.I enjoy ___ (playing) soccer with my friends.36.The flowers in the garden are very ________ (美丽).37.We learned about ________ (历史) in class.38.My mom, ______ (我妈妈), enjoys gardening and caring for plants.39.The sun is ________ (温暖) in spring.40.The ancient Egyptians wrote on _______ made from papyrus. (纸)41.The dragonfly is flying over the ______ (水面). It is very ______ (轻盈).42.My favorite hobby is ________ (收藏) stamps.43.I have a _______ (goal) to learn a new language.44. A hawk's sharp vision allows it to spot prey from ______ (高处).45.My friend is a great __________ (运动��) and practices every day.46.My dad _____ a bike to work. (rides)47.Chemical reactions can be classified as ________ or endothermic.48.What is the main ingredient in sushi?A. RiceB. NoodlesC. BreadD. Potatoes答案:A49.What do you call a person who studies history?A. HistorianB. ScientistC. MathematicianD. Geographer答案: A50.The _____ (海豹) is very playful in the water.51.The __________ (历史的思维模式) inspires innovation.52.The first successful vascular transplant was performed in ________.53.The astronomical unit is defined as the average distance from the Earth to the______.54.小蛇) sheds its skin regularly. The ___55.We can see the __________ (日落) at the beach.56.My favorite dish is ______ (面条).57. A ______ is a fascinating underwater animal.58.The ______ (海豚) is very social and intelligent.59.What is the capital of Brazil?A. Rio de JaneiroB. BrasíliaC. São PauloD. Salvador答案:b60.What do we call the place where airplanes take off and land?A. Train StationB. Bus TerminalC. AirportD. Dock答案:C61.The _____ (book/magazine) is interesting.62.The ________ are a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean.63.Geologists classify rocks into three main categories: igneous, sedimentary, and______.64.My favorite number is ______.65.The process where a solid turns directly into gas is called ______.66.The capital of Greece is _____.67.His favorite sport is ________.68.Chemicals can be represented by their ______ symbols.69.The Earth's crust is made up of different __________.70.I have a toy _______ that can change colors with the touch of a button.71.The cake is ________ and sweet.72. (7) Ocean is the smallest ocean on Earth. The ____73. (Cold) War divided the world into two ideological camps. The ____74.The _______ (小鸽子) returns to its home every evening.75.The ________ (生态影响评估工具) assists in decision-making.76.The _______ of a plant can tell us about its age.77.What is the main ingredient in a salad?A. MeatB. VegetablesC. FruitsD. Grains答案:B78.I enjoy playing __________ (游戏名) with my __________ (玩具名).79. (World) Health Organization was established in 1948. The ____80.What is the process of a caterpillar becoming a butterfly called?A. MetamorphosisB. EvolutionC. AdaptationD. Migration答案: A81. A covalent bond is formed when two atoms ________ electrons.82. A ______ (自然保护区) protects plant species.83.Pollinators like butterflies and bees are crucial for ______ (授粉).84. A chameleon's ability to change color helps it ______.85.I like _____ (to eat/to drink).86. A ____ is a gentle creature that loves to graze on grass.87.Granite is an example of an ______ rock that forms from cooled magma.88.ts can produce ______ (芳香) oils. Some pla89.What do we call the stage of life after childhood?A. AdolescenceB. AdulthoodC. InfancyD. Elderly答案:B.Adulthood90.My mom loves to ________ (购物).91.I like to go ______ (散步) in the evening.92.My brother is my adventurous _______ who loves to explore the outdoors.93.My mom is a ________.94. A light year measures the distance light travels in a ______.95.What do we call animals that only eat plants?A. CarnivoresB. HerbivoresC. OmnivoresD. Insectivores答案:B96.Energy can be transformed from one form to _______.97.What do you call a baby goose?A. GoslingB. DucklingC. ChickD. Calf答案: A98.Heliocentric models place the sun at the _______ of the solar system.99.ts can grow in ______ (贫瘠) soil. Some pla100.The Earth's atmosphere contains layers such as the ______ and stratosphere.。
2022高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练(26)及(解析)答案
2022高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练（26）及（解析）答案2022高考模拟题（由2022·山东卷C改编）Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholders. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett.”For near ly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashley’s wife tried to strike Mumbet’s sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom.While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom---- the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔). One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B. Du Bois, one of the founder of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights. Mumbet’s tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She coul d neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”1. What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1? A. She was born a slave B. She was a slaveholder C. She had a famous sister D. She was born into a rich family2. Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?A. She found an employerB. She wanted to be a lawyerC. She was hit and got angryD. She had to take care of her sister3. What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new consititution?A. She should always obey her owners’ ordersB. She should be as free and equal as whitesC. How to be a good servantD. How to apply for a job4. What did Mumbet do after the trial? A. She chose to work for a lawyer B. She found the NAACPC. She continued to serve the AshleysD. She went to live with her grandchildren5. What is the test mainly about?A. A story of a famous writer and spokespersonB. The friendship between a lawyer and a slaveC. The life of a brave African American womanD. A trial that shocked the whole world文章大意：本文介绍了生来就是奴隶的Elizabeth Freeman未了获得自由而进行斗争，最终获得自由的故事，以及人们对她的评价。
期末复习题美国文学简史
I. Blanks: ( 10points, 1 point for each blank)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 9 items and 10 blanks. Fill in the best answer on the Answer Sheet according to the knowledge you have learned.1. The first American literature was neither ____ nor really ____.2. Of the immigrants who came to America in the first three quarters of the seventeenth century, the overwhelming majority was _____.3. The English immigrants who settled on America’s northern seacoast were called _____, so named after those who wished to “purify ” the Church of England.4. Washington Irving, the Father of American literature, developed the _____ as a genre in American literature.5. Franklin ’s best writing is found in his masterpiece _____.6. The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was _____.7. In the early 19th century, “Rip Van Winkle ” had established _____’s reputation at home and abroad, and designated the beginning of American Romanticism.8. _____ has sometimes been considered the father of the modern short story.9.In 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne brought out his masterpiece _____, the story of a triangular love affair in colonial America.II.Multiple choice:(20 points, 1 point for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are twenty items. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. The Colonial Period of American literature stretched roughly from the settlement of Americain the early 17th century through the end of ________ century.A. the 18thB. the 19thC. the 20thD. 21th2. New-England’s Plantation was published in 1630 by ________A. Francis HigginsonB. William BradfordC. John SmithD. Michael Wigglesworth3. Of all the books written by Michael Wigglesworth the beat known is ________A. The Flesh and the SpiritB. The True TravelsC. The Day of DoomD. Christopher Columbus4. Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the ______.A. American EnlightenmentB. Sugar ActC. Chartist movementD. Romanticist5. In the first section of Autobiography the writer addressed to ________A. his sonB. his friendsC. his wifeD. himself6. During 1807-1808, Washington Irving wrote for his brother’s newspaper called ________A. New York TimesB. Washington PostC. SalmagundiD. Daily News7. History of New York was published in 1807 under the name of ________A. Washington IrvingB. Diedrich KnickerbokerC. James Fenimore CooperD. John Whittier8. Rip Van Winkle was written by ________A. James Fenimore CooperB. Benjamin FranklinC. Washington IrvingD. Walt Whitman9. The Spy was written by James Fenimore Cooper in 1821. It is a novel about ________A. American Civil WarB. American RevolutionC. American West ExpansionD. The First World War10. Natty Bumppo is the hero in Cooper’s ________A. The PrecautionB. The SpyC. The Gleanings in EuropeD. Leatherstocking Tales11. ________ was regarded as a poet of the American RevolutionA. Philip FreneauB. Walt WhitmanC. Robert FrostD. Cal Sandburg12. The Raven was written in 1844 by ________A. Philip FreneauB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowD. Emily Dickinson13. The Minister’s Black Veil was written by ________A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Henry David ThoreauD. Ralph Waldo Emerson14. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the ______ who appeared in America.A. Ninth MuseB. Tenth MuseC. Best MuseD. First Muse15. The ship ______ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A. SunflowerB. ArmadaC. MayflowerD. Titanic16. A new _____ had appeared in England in the last years of the 18th century. It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the 19th century.A. RealismB. Critical realismC. RomanticismD. Naturalism17. Washington Irving got his idea for his most famous story, Rip Van Winkle, from a________A. Greek legendB. German legendC. French legendD. English legend18. Rip Van Winkle is found in Irving’s longer work, ________A. The Sketch BookB. History of New YorkC. Tales of a TravelerD. The Precaution19. ________ was often regarded as America’s first man of letters, devoting much of hiscareer to literature.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Philip FreneauC. Washington IrvingD. James Fenimore Cooper20. All the following novels are in Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales except ________A. The PioneersB. The PrairieC. The DeerslayerD. The SpyIII.Identification (20 points, 1 point for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are twenty titles. Judge the authors of these works and fill them on the Answer Sheet.1.Gleanings in Europe2.Oliver Goldsmith3.The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America4.“The Day of Doom”5.A History of New York6.The Last of the Mohicans7.The House of the Night8.A Forest Hymn9.“The Raven”10.“The Cask of Amontillado”11.M osses from an Old Manse12.“Israfel”13.“The Flesh and the Spirit”14.L ife of George Washington15.T he Pathfinder16.“the Wild Honey Suckle”17.T he Flood of Years18.“The Poetic Principle”19.T he Blithedale Romance20.“The Indian Burying Ground”IV. Terms (20 points, 4 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five terms. Please give the definition for these terms. Scores will be given for the related contents. Four individual contents will be enough for four points.1. Knickerbocker2. Poor Richard’s Almanac3. Leatherstocking Tales4. Puritanism5. Benjamin FranklinV.Appreciation (10 points, 5 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are two excerpts. Each of the excerpts is followed by three questions. Read the excerpts and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.Part AFrom morning suns and evening dewsAt first thy little being came:If nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the same;The space between, is but an hour,The frail duration of a flower.1. Who is the poet of the poem and what is the title of the poem? (2 points)2. Tell the metrical structure and rhyme scheme of the poem. (1 point)3. What does the “little being” refer to? What meaning is suggested by the phrase “but an hour”? (2 points)Part BThe opinions of this junto were completely controlled by Nicholas Vedder, a patriarch of the village, and landlord of the inn, at the door of which he took his seat from morning till night, just moving sufficiently to avoid the sun and keep in the shade of a large tree; so that the neighbors could tell the hour by his movements as accurately as by a sundial. It is true he was rarely heard to speak, but smoked his pipe incessantly. His adherents, however (for every great man has his adherents), perfectly understood him, and knew how to gather his opinions. When anything that was read or related displeased him, he was observed to smoke his pipe vehemently, and to send forth short, frequent and angry puffs; but when pleased, he would inhale the smoke slowly and tranquilly, and emit it in light and placid clouds; and sometimes, taking the pipe from his mouth, and letting the fragrant vapor curl about his nose, would gravely nod his head in token of perfect approbation.From even this stronghold the unlucky Rip was at length routed by his termagant wife, who would suddenly break in upon the tranquility of the assemblage and call the members all to naught; nor was that august personage, Nicholas Vedder himself, sacred from the daring tongue of this terrible virago, who charged him outright with encouraging her husband in habits of idleness.1. Who was the writer of this story? What is the title of this story? (2 points)2. Who was Nicholas Vedder? (1 point)3. How did he express his opinions on public matters? (2 points)ment. (20 points, 10 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, you are given five topics. Choose TWO of them and give a comment on the Answer Sheet. Scores will be given according to the content, grammar and the completeness of the related knowledge.1.What are the features of literature in Colonial America?ment on Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography.ment on Nathaniel Hawthorne’s writing techniques.4.What philosophical meaning is implied in Philip Freneau’s “The Wild Honey Suckle”?5.What are the artistic achievements of Edgar Allan Poe?答案I.Blanks: (10%)(每题1分，共10分，答错不给分)1. American literature2. English3. Puritans4. short story5. Autobiography6. Philip Freneau7. Washington Irving8. Edgar Allan Poe9. The Scarlet LetterII.Multiple Choice: ( 20%)(每题1分，共20分，答错不给分)1. A2. B3. C4. A5. A6. C7. B8. C9. B 10. D11. A 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. C 16.C 17. B 18. A19. C 20. DIII.Identification (20%)（每题1分，共20分，答错不给分）1.James Fenimore Cooper2.Washington Irving3.Anne Bradstreet4.Michael Wigglesworth5.Washington Irving6.James Fenimore Cooper7.Philip Freneau8.William Cullen Bryant9.Edgar Allan Poe10.Edgar Allan Poe11.Nathaniel Hawthorne12.Edgar Allan Poe13.Anne Bradstreet14.Washington Irving15.James Fenimore Cooper16.Philip Freneau17.William Cullen Bryant18.Edgar Allan Poe19.Nathaniel Hawthorne20.Philip FreneauIV.Terms (20%)（每题4分，共20分。
2008成都中考英语阅读填表真题含答案
成都中考英语阅读填表题真题训练2008成都B．阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，补全表格中所缺的信息。
请将答案按编号依次填入表格内的题号后横线上。
(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)In the past，people used to travel to foreign countries because they thought they would be different in many ways—the buildings，the food，the national dresses and so on．At present，however，one large city is similar to another．They all have their Hilton or Sheraton Hotels everywhere．They all have their McDonald’s．their KFCs and their Pizza Huts．Office buildings look the same everywhere，and most city centers are full of office buildings．And of course，people are driving the same brands (品牌) of Japanese or European cars．Then what is the foreign travel for? What do tourists hope to experience in a foreign country that they cannot experience at home? The answer could be．that people are very interested in the past．It is a nation’s history and culture that are the main attractions．Most people travel overseas to find out what foreign countries history and cultures used to be like。
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Berlin Airlift
The Berlin airlift was a tremendous victory for the
United States.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
On April 4, 1949, the United States, Great Britain, France and other nine countries established NATO.
Ideological differences:
US – economic independence and free trade (capitalism) USSR – state planning and autarky (Communism)
Postwar Structure:
Eastern Europe / Western Europe
Mutual distrust:
Russia’s withdrawal from WWI. US support for the anti-Communist armies during the Russian Revolution. The disproportionate amount of Soviet casualties during WWII.
Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan George Bush 1969-1974 1974 - 1977 1979-1981 1981-1989 1989-1993
Joseph Stalin 1941-1953
Georgy Malenkov 1953-1955
a. Europe
b. Asia
c. America 3. The End of the Cold War
Harry S. Truman 1945-1953
Dwight D. Eisenhower 1953-1961
John F. Kennedy 1961-1963
Lyndon B. Johnson 1963-1969
Three Theaters in the Cold War
Europe Asia America
Europe
1.Greece & Turkey
2.Western Europe
3.Germany
Turkey and Greece
On Feb 21, 1947, Great Britain informed Truman that Greece and Turkey might fall into the hands of the Soviet Union if the United States did not move in.
Berlin Wall
In 1961, the Soviet Union erected a wall between West and East Berlin to cut off the flow of refugees fleeing East Germany and Eastern Europe.
The Vietnam War
In 1945, the national liberation forces (Vietminh) led by Ho Chi Minh liberated a large part of Vietnam. The rest of the country was under the control of French colonial forces. Truman sent military aid to Vietnam to support the French in their fight against the Vietminh.
The Cold War
It is a “cold” war because it never resulted in a direct military conflict between the two leader nations. Most people date the Cold War from the end of World War II until the collapse of the USSR (1945-1991).
US Soldiers in Vietnam
600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 Year 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971
On the way to Vietnam…
The Vietnam War
The United States replaced France and Americanized the Vietnam War. The US people became divided over the war and whether or not they should support the US Government.
Diplomatic Relations
On Jan 1, 1979, the United States and China established formal diplomatic relations.
Korea Peninsula
In June, 1950, North Korea suddenly launched a fullscale invasion of the South. UN soldiers from 17 different countries landed in Korea and pushed the North Korean army back north.
Commence of the Cold War
Joseph Stalin: Future wars were inevitable because of “present capitalist conditions”. Secretary of Navy James Forrestal: The Soviets were committed to a global, violent, proletarian revolution. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas: It was a Declaration of World War III.
Iron Curtain Speech
Winston Churchill warned
“An iron curtain had fallen
across Europe.” He called for an
“association of the English-speaking
peoples to halt the Russians”.
Asia
China Korea Vietnam
China
In 1945, Truman sent
representatives to
China to mediate Mao
and Jiang.
Taiwan
In June 1950, Truman sent the 7th fleet to Taiwan Straits to prevent PLA from liberating Taiwan.
Western Europe
The Second World War destroyed Western Europe economically. A severe cold and snowstorm hit Western Europe in the winter of 1946.
Marshall Plan
The Korean War
A stalemate began between the two militaries and neither side could win. In 1953, a cease-fire was established.
The Korea conflict had cost over $20 billion and 33,000 American lives.
West Germany VS East Germany
On May 23, 1949, the occupied zones of Britain, France and the United States merged into the Federal Republic Germany. On Oct 5, 1949, the Soviet Union set up the German Democratic Republic.
Nikita Khrushchev 1958-1964
Leonid Brezhnev 1977-1982
Yuri Andropov
1983-1984Kons Nhomakorabeaantin Chernenko 1984-1985
Mikhail Gorbachev
1989-1991
Origins of the Cold War
George Marshall
Secretary of State
Germany
Berlin Airlift
The United States mobilized 224 cargo planes and lifted a total of 1.4 million tons of food, fuel and other supplies into West Berlin over a period of 11 months.