专业英语阅读unit 4
环境工程专业英语第四章_unit4
State of matter. In making an environmental analysis it is necessary to designate the physical form of the species being.
最后，我们应该认识到环境影响不可能全部会被一般 人的感知能力识别到，认识到这一点很重要，因此需 要采用高级化学或物理分析方法来测定。
In order to provide a meaningful description of the general field of environmental analysis, this field may be considered from three point of view: the basic concepts underlying the reasons for and choice of the analysis which are normally performed; the available techniques and methodology[ˌmɛθəˈdɑlədʒi] commonly used; and the current status of capabilities in environmental analysis.
In fact, the ability to obtain an authentic sample is probably one of the most difficult aspects of any environmental analysis due to the considerable complexity and heterogeneity of most environmental systems.
unitHotBlastStove冶金专业英语
Each hot blast stove is a large exchanger to preheat blast furnace air. It can utilize the heating value of the furnace off-gasses to heat the blast air to 1,000 to 1,350℃. When well designed and operated, the thermal efficiency of the stoves will be 80% to 85%. 每座热风炉 都是一个用于预热高炉用风的大换热器，它 能利用高炉煤气的热值把空气加热到 1,000～1,300℃。当设计合理、操作得当时， 热风炉的热效率将达到80%～85%。
The design of the stove burner is critical in assuring good combustion and efficient, stable operation. Internal ceramic burners with high mixing capability of the gas and air streams are recommended to meet this requirement. The checker chamber is packed with checker bricks which provide many small, vertically-aligned flues for the high temperature gasses. The efficiency of the stove is improved as the surface area to volume ratio for the checker mass is increased. 在保证良好燃烧和有效稳定 操作方面热风炉燃烧器的设计很关键，用煤气和助燃 空气混合效果好的陶瓷燃烧器能够满足这一要求。蓄 热室是用格子砖堆砌而成的，它能提供许多直径比较 小的高温气体直通管。当格子砖的表面积与体积比增 加时，热风炉的效率就会提高。
《公共管理专业英语》Unit4 textB翻译
Recent Transformations Administration Theory：a revolution in public management？近代的变革管理理论：公共管理的改革Since the early１９８０s much work has been conducted in public administration theory and practice that claims to go beyond the conservative approach in the field．This “liberalization” of public administration is recognized today as the NPM trend．The self-identity problem of public administration was greatly aggravated by the launching of the idea of NPM．As noted by Kettl and Mitward，“public management is neithe r traditional public administration nor policy analysis since it borrows heavily from a variety of disciplines and methodological approaches．”Mainly drawing on the experience of the business／industrial／private sector，scholars have suggested taking a more demanding attitude to the dynamics，activity，and productivity of public organizations：however，“competing academic disciplines dueled to establish bridgeheads or，worse，virtually ignored each other as they developed parallel tracks on related problems”．Consequently，a cross-fertilization，which could have accelerated learning and improved performance of public systems，was delayed．自20世纪80年代初以来，很多工作都已经在公共行政理论和实践中开展，主张要超越公共行政领域的保守研究方法。
电子信息类专业英语(西电第二版)Unit 4 Microel
Unit 4 Microelectronics
Integrated circuits are small, light, rugged, and reliable. They require less power and lower voltages than equivalent macroscopic circuits; consequently they operate at lower temperatures, and individual components may be close together without exceeding the operating temperature limit. Relatively little stray capacitance and short time delays are produced because of the short interconnections between the individual components in IC. Maintenance is simplified because if a component of the IC fails the complete IC is usually replaced. Mass production techniques of plane technology have reduced the cost of many IC so that they are almost as inexpensive as a single transistor. Eventually most conventional circuits will be replaced by IC.
［2］ The reduction in power dissipation is particularly important where a complex circuit is to be concentrated into a small space. The problem of extracting the heat generated in the circuit may then be a difficult one.
研究生医学英语Unit 4翻译
Unit 4Drug Therapy in the Older Adult老年人的药物治疗Drug therapy in the older adult population is a complex phenomenon influenced by numerous biopsychosocial factors. The elderly are the largest group of consumers of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. The average older adult uses 4.5 prescriptions and 2.1 OTC medications and fills between 12 to 17 prescriptions yearly. The incidence发生率of adverse有害的drug reactions in the elderly is two to three times that found in young adult. This is considered to be a conservative 保守的estimate估计, because drug reactions are less well recognized in older adults and because reactions can often mimic symptoms of specific disease states.药物治疗在老年人口是一个复杂的现象，因其被众多的生物心理社会因素影响。
老年人是处方药和非处方药的最大消费群体。
老年人平均使用4.5张处方和2.1张非处方药，每年填写12到17张处方。
老年人的药物不良反应发生率是年轻人的两到三倍。
这被认为是一个保守的估计，因为药物反应在老年人中较少被认识，因为反应往往可以模拟特定疾病状态的症状。
计算机专业英语Unit04_SectionA_Computer_Program
Computer Program-Program Development At this point, a special applications program translates the source code into machine language, or object code —a format that the operating system will recognize as a proper program and be able to execute.
Computer Program-Program Development With the text editor, the programmer creates a text file, which is an ordered list of instructions, also called the program source file. The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code.
编译程序将使用FORTRAN、C和Pascal等高级编程语言编写的 文本文件一次性从源代码翻译成目标代码。这不同于BASIC等 解释执行的语言所采取的方式，在解释执行的语言中程序是随 解释执行的语言 着每条指令的执行而逐个语句地翻译成目标代码的。
10/56
Computer Program-Program Development
556yyy操作系统管理计算机以及与之相连的各种资源和设备如随机存储器硬盘驱动器监视器键盘打印机和调制解调器以便其他程序可以使用它们
Unit 4 Software Development Section A Computer Program
专业硕士英语Unit4-4
[32] I gntense look in his eyes.
make things right ."
译文： [23] 我把擦过的纸扔进废纸篓，继续为他的脚按 摩。幸运？我用拇指用力地按他变硬的肌肤，他一点感 觉都没有。 [24]“反向力，米奇，还记得吗？事物朝两个方 向发展。” [25]我记得。 [26]“我哀叹时间在无情地逝去，但我又庆幸它 仍给了我弥补的机会。”
不知为什么他讲这些故事时一点都不害怕。
betray：
avt.对…不忠； 背叛； 出卖； 泄露
例句： They offered me money if I would betray my associates. 他们提出来只要我供出同伙就给我钱。
THANKS
译文： [27]我们静静地坐在那里，雨水打在窗上，他身后的那 棵木槿小而挺拔，依然生命旺盛。 [28]“米奇，”莫里低声说。 [29]嗯？ [30]我神情专注地揉动着他的脚趾。 [31]“看着我。” [32]我抬起头来，看见了他非常严肃的眼神。
whispered：
adj.<医>耳语的，低语的；
v.低声说( whisper的过去式和过去分词 )； 私语； 小声说； 私下说
译文： [33] “ 我 不 知 道 你 为 什 么 回 到 我 身 边 来 。 但 我 想 说……”他打住了话头，声音有些哽咽。“如果我还能 有个儿子，我希望他就是你。” [34]我垂下眼睛，搓揉着他坏死的肌肤。一时间我有点 不知所措，似乎接受了莫里的感情就意味着背叛自己的 父亲。可当我抬起头来，看着莫里噙着泪水的笑容，我 知道此时此刻根本就不存在什么背叛。 [35]我真正害怕的是跟他说再见。
测控专业英语Unit 4
③The uncertainty of the standard used for calibration．
仪器的准确度取决于三个主要因素：① 距离上次校准的 时间； ②校准和使用时的温差； ③用于标定的标准的不确 定度。
Unit 4
Calibration
2.1 In most organizations，calibration is the responsibility of a separate group. That group is responsible for maintaining working standards, keeping records of instruments for periodic calibration and certification, and being knowledgeable of the latest calibration procedures．
What should the separate calibration groups do according to their tasks and office authorities? 办公权限
Questions before reading
Q4
What are calibration procedures and instrument performance check, and how are they implemented? 校准程序
校准是指为了使仪器与已有标准完全一致 （匹配）而将一个测量仪器与一个标准的或其他 已知准确度的仪器相比较的过程。
Unit 4
Calibration
The established standard is normally of at least four 1.3 times greater accuracy than the instrument being calibrated or the average of multiple standards if the four-times criterion is not feasible． 已有标准通常至少四倍于待校准仪器的准确度，或者 当四倍标准不可行时，则采用多重标准平均方式。 To say that an instrument is calibrated means that it 1.5 indicates measurements within specified limits of error for that instrument． 也就是说，仪器校准表明了其测量误差的确定限度。
工商管理专业英语Unit4-What
• 第一，组织中的大部份工作可以毫不夸张地说是由群体完 成的，无论是短期工作队或是在组织表格中标明的正式工 作群体。
a
22
Glossary
• predict [pri‘dikt]
• v. 预言、预报、预知、预测 • e.g. We are therefore interested in predicting and explaining the
a
16
Glossary
• subset [‘sʌbset]
• n. 子集
• e.g. These organizational behaviors are important because they
represent a subset of people-related operative goals which help
due to lack of patronage, it ceases to be an organization.
• 然而，如果你最喜欢的饭店或酒馆由于缺少客人光顾而关 门，那么它就不再是一个组织了。
a
5
Glossary
• impact [‘impækt,im’pækt]
• n. 影响、冲击力 • v. 冲击、撞击、产生影响 • e.g. Particular technologies have an important impact on the
Unit 4 What is Organization behavior?
a
1
Glossary
• beast [bi:st]
• n. 兽、畜生、凶残的人
英语专业泛读课程重点单词Unit3-4
Unit3----unit4 commitment n.委任，委托；致力，献身；承担义务；承诺，许诺；commit vt.承诺，使…承担义务；保证；犯罪，做错事；reducing waste generation减少废料的产生grassroots effort 基层努力flow潮流trend divert转移be projected/expected to 被预计达到stack n.整个的藏书架排列；垛，干草堆；层积；current profitability 当前的盈利情况focus solely on 仅仅关注于impact撞击、抨击、影响profitable 有利可图的beneficiary受益方diverse 多种多样的、不同的federal agencies联邦机构identify 识别replicate 复制taxing peculiarities 税法特点enhance提高beverage 饮料curbside n.靠近路缘的人行道部分，路边；sustainability持续性planet行星emission 排放raw materials原材料fad 流行，潮流pollutant 污染物economy economic necessity经济需求rely on mass production principal主要的principle原则scape n.花茎，柄节；羽轴；柱身；花梗scrap n.小片；残余物；吵架；废料，取消，吵架rage n.激烈，猛烈；渴望，疯狂；愤怒；〈口〉战争狂initial首字母，开始的，最初的disposal facilities 处理设施promote sth to do促进compost n.堆肥；混合，合成at all levels invest 投资preach宣扬virgin 未使用多的，处女的academy专科院校fidelity n.忠诚，忠实；保真度；尽责；逼真；reflect delusion illusion错觉policy guidance 政策指南glue胶pile 堆inhibit v.禁止；抑制severe严重的modify 使温和、使改善demolition n.毁坏，破坏，拆毁；(pl.)炸药debris 碎屑、残骸discard reject丢弃viable 可行的inspiration spiritbattery电池visual 视觉的vision one-of-a-kind 独一无二的keep current with 紧跟潮流summer summary grammar revenue 收入generate vt.产生（后代）；形成，造成；引起；产生物理反应；campus 校园get acquainted with使对、、、了解enchant使喜悦、使陶醉vacant空着的、未占满的row house排房caption handy 拿手settlement定居block街区frail虚弱reedy尖细的dim 光线暗淡的、记忆模糊的、看不清的coordinate调节disgust厌恶dispute 纷争coward 懦夫riffraff 人渣escort护送luscious美味的华丽的、性感的retrieve 重获、挽回、纠错alley胡同admonish警告，责备extinguish vanish 消失、不复存在eclipse日蚀、月蚀；光辉、荣誉权利等丧失；使黯然失色festive节日的，欢庆的substantial 大量的economical经济的、实惠的combative 好斗的infection 传染decay使变坏，腐烂rouse 唤醒circulate 流通、散播perplex 迷惑protest 反对insurance保险pitch n.球场；倾斜；沥青；vi.抛，扔；搭帐篷；向前跌或冲；[棒球]当投手；scour v.冲刷；擦亮；四处搜索；charred 烧焦的pull up靠边停primitive原始的executive行政的sponsor n.担保者；后援组织；倡议者；发起者，主办者；illustrate证明powerhouse强大的组织hesitate犹豫patent 显着的、清楚的、明显的paternal incongruous adj.异向；不和谐的，不一致的；不相称的；commence开始academic degree学位dilapidated tattered shabby 破旧的slanted倾斜的dreadful恶劣的straw vt.散落于；撒在…上；撒满；点缀；。
《社会工作专业英语》Unit 4
> mourner n 哀悼者（尤指参加葬礼的亲
友）.
• mournful / -fl; -fəl/ adj (often derog 常作
贬义) sad; sorrowful 悲哀的; 令人悲痛的:
• a mournful look on her face 她脸上的悲哀
神情
• I wish you'd stop playing that mournful music. 你别奏那种哀乐了吧.
• Occurrence is the most neutral and does not indicate a particular type of happening *occurrence为中性词, 并不特指某类型的
事: Divorce has become an everyday occurrence. 离婚已成为每天都有的事了.
difficult period 危机中的政府.
• occurrence / əˈkʌrəns; əˋkʌrəns/ n
[C] event; incident; happening 事件; 事情;
发生的事: Robbery is now an everyday occurrence. 抢劫的事现在每天都有. * an unfortunate occurrence 不幸事件.
Unit 4
Section A Caring for Our Children
After a Tragedy
About the author
• Joan Jarolmen, Ph. D., LCSW
• LCSW 临 床 社 工 (Licensed Clinical Social Worker)
世纪商务英语阅读教程专业篇1第七版第unit4答案
世纪商务英语阅读教程专业篇1第七版第unit4答案1、He has bought an unusual car. [单选题] *A. 平常的B. 异常的(正确答案)C. 漂亮的D. 废弃的2、We _____ three major snowstorms so far this winter. [单选题] *A.hadB. haveC. have had(正确答案)D.had had3、The three guests come from different _______. [单选题] *A. countryB. countrysC. countryesD. countries(正确答案)4、My brother is too shy. He _______ speaks in front of lots of people. [单选题] *A. alwaysB. usuallyC. seldom(正确答案)D. sometimes5、It _____ us a lot of time to do this job. [单选题] *A. spentB. madeC. took(正确答案)D. cost6、24．I often ask my English teacher some questions ________ e-mail. [单选题] *A．by(正确答案)B．inC．forD．with7、It was _____the policeman came_____the parents knew what had happened to their son. [单选题] *A.before…asB. until…whenC. not until…that(正确答案)D.until…that8、What about _______ there by bike? [单选题] *A. goesB. wentC. goD. going(正确答案)9、You cannot see the doctor _____ you have made an appointment with him. [单选题] *A. exceptB.evenC. howeverD.unless(正确答案)10、Let us put the matter to the vote,（）? [单选题] *A. will youB. can weC. may ID. shall we(正确答案)11、If you do the same thing for a long time, you'll be tired of it. [单选题] *A. 试图B. 努力C. 厌倦(正确答案)D. 熟练12、He’s so careless that he always _______ his school things at home. [单选题] *A. forgetsB. leaves(正确答案)C. putsD. buys13、—______is my notebook？—Look! It’s in your schoolbag.（）[单选题] *A. WhatB. WhichC. Where(正确答案)D. How14、The reason I didn't attend the lecture was simply _____ I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for15、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way16、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /17、In fact, Beethoven did something brave than dying. [单选题] *A. 勇敢(正确答案)B. 冒险C. 可怕D. 奇妙18、These oranges look nice, but _______ very sour. [单选题] *A. feelB. taste(正确答案)C. soundD. look19、Sometimes only（）10 out of 500 or more candidates succeed in passing all the tests. [单选题] *A. as many asB. as few as(正确答案)C. as much asD. as little as20、Just use this room for the time being ,and we’ll offer you a larger one _______it becomes available [单选题] *A. as soon as(正确答案)B unless .C as far asD until21、Mr. White likes to live in a _______ place. [单选题] *A. quiteB. quiet(正确答案)C. quickD. quietly22、( ) ----Would you like___ tea? ----No, thanks. I have drunk two____. [单选题] *A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orange(正确答案)C. many, bottles of orangesD. few, bottle of oranges23、The students _____ outdoors when the visitors arrived. [单选题] *A. were playing(正确答案)B. have playedC. would playD. could play24、--Don’t _______ too late, or you will feel tired in class.--I won’t, Mum. [单选题] *A. call upB. wake upC. stay up(正确答案)D. get up25、I got caught in the rain and my suit____. [单选题] *A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruined(正确答案)D. had been ruined26、They will hold the party if they _____ the project on time. [单选题] *A. will completeB. complete(正确答案)C．completedD. had completed27、The Internet is an important means of（）[单选题] *A. conversationB. communication(正确答案)C. speechD. language28、I’m still unable to make myself_____in the discussion, which worries me a lot. [单选题]*A.understandB.understood(正确答案)C.understandingD.to be understood29、50．—The sweater is not the right ________ for me.—Well, shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one? [单选题] *A．priceB．colorC．size(正确答案)D．material(材料)30、The Spring Festival is on the way.Many shops have _______ huge posters with the word sales. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put onC. put outD. put off。
交通运输专业英语unit4
In certain situations, exhaust system leaks can also lead to death.
Proper vehicle inspections can address exhaust system issues before these problems occur.
1.2 Exhaust system
Carbon monoxide from diesel emissions can be dangerous. Prolonged exposure to concentrations of CO can lead to headaches, shortness of breath, nausea, dizziness or light-headedness. These symptoms adversely affect a driver’s ability to safely control a commercial motor vehicle.
A cause of the fire was determined to be a hole in the fuel supply line, resulting in a fuel leak.
艺术设计专业英语Unit 4 What Designers need to Know
Visual translation is the process by which the essence of an image is abstracted in a drawing. Model making explores three-dimensional forms in order to plan and prototype an exhibition or a new product. Drawing teaches the student to look and to see as well as to put down meaningful marks on paper.
MATERIALS, TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY
Technology always plays a role in the process of designing and in communicating information visually. Designers create ideas in two and three dimensions using various materials such as paper and film. They use tools such as computers, camera and airbrushes and work with the technologies of letterpress and video. The designer’s selection of materials and tools can change what an image looks like and what it says.
VISUALIZING TECHNIQUES
专业英语Unit 4 Principle of Design
Unit 4 Principle of DesignWhat is designA design is a plan, a means to an end. When you selected your clothes this morning, you were designing. You made certain choices probably based on how you wanted to look, feel, and act today.Choices must also be made to select and arrange type and illustrations that make up a printed product. Understanding the principles of good design will help you make intelligent choices.Principles of designCertain principles are basic to understanding graphic design. These include proportion, balance, contrast, rhythm, unity and color. These principles provide guidelines for developing a successful printed product.Proportion. Proportion refers to how parts of a whole relate to one another and to the whole.Page proportion. Before a job can be printed, its general size and shape must be decided upon. Usually the product itself will determine this. For example, a business card must be easily carried in a wallet or shirt pocket. A poster must be large enough to be read at a distance.After approximating, the designer must decide upon a final size and shape for the product. Usually this final decision is based on how a product will look rather than on its use.Generally rectangles are more pleasing to the eye than squares. Square shapes seem dull and unmoving; rectangles seem to convey motion and direction. A good proportion for a rectangular page is approximately two units wide and three units long. Business cards measure about 2*3.5 inches. Photographs may measure 4*5.5*7, or 8*10 inches. And, of course, most business letterhead measure 8.5*11 inches.Element proportion. The size and shape of type and illustrations in a printed product must also be properly proportioned. Again, rectangular elements will usually appear more attractive than square shapes. The size and shape of each element and the surrounding white space must each be considered in relation to all the other elements.One easy and quick way to reduce or enlarge illustrations or copy is the diagonal-line method. It is a valuable aid to making design decisions.Balance. Balance is a visual effect. When type and illustrations are arranged in a pleasing way, a feeling of stability or equilibrium is conveyed. When elements are out of balance, the printed product may look top heavy or too heavy on the right or left.There are two types of balance: formal and informal. Figure 2-7 shows a layout that is balanced formally. A center line drawn through this layout would cut each major element in half. Figure 2-8 is an informally balanced layout. Type and illustrations are not placed on a common center line. However, the layout still looks balanced. Elements appear tobe in equilibrium.Optical and true centers. Printing located at the vertical center of a piece of paper appears to be too low. Major type or illustration elements should not be placed at the true center of a page. Instead they should be raised approximately one-tenth the distance from the true center to the top of the page. This position is known as the optical center. It is part of the page that the eye sees as being the center. Figure 2-9 shows the relationship between optical center and true center.Contrast. Contrast provides emphasis to a word, a series of words, or an illustration. Contrast can also be used to relieve monotony in a printed message. Several ways of providing contrast are shown in Figure 2-10.Rhythm. Eye movement across a printed page may be slow or swift, left or right, upward or downward, flowing or jerky. We call this motion rhythm.It is possible to lead a reader’s eye in a desired direction by placement of type and illustrations. Figure 2-11 shows how this is done.Unity. Unity is the harmonious relationship among the various type and illustration elements in a printed job.Two or more typefaces should be combined in a single job only if they look right together. Typefaces with similar shapes and weights may be combined if done with care. Using several different type sizes andstyles in a single layout distracts from the clarity of the message and should be avoided, Figure 2-12.The use of illustrations of various sizes and shapes can also distract from the harmony of a job. Unity is achieved by using the same basic shape throughout, Figure 2-13.Color. Selecting ink color and paper color for a printed job is part of the design process. You must have already seen how color can be used to emphasize a word, a series of words, or an illustration in some colored books. Color can do much more than just provide emphasis, however. Ink and paper colors can attract attention, hold attention, and even communicate directly with the viewer.Color attracts attention. A visual message cannot be successfully sent if the intended receiver does not look at it. Color can be used to attract attention to the message. Bright colors, for example, will draw attention to billboard’s and posters that are read from a distance.Color holds attention. Color also holds a viewer’s attention over an extended period of time. Imagine trying to read a book whose text is printed with orange ink on red paper. Your head would probably begin to ache after only a very short time. Colors that are easiest on the eyes include dark green, blue, and violet.Besides colors that are easy on the eyes, three should be sufficient contrast between paper color and ink color. Black or blue ink on whitepaper are the combinations most often used.Color communicates.Color are classical as warm or cool. Red, orange, and yellow are considered warm colors. They are the colors of sun and fire. Blue, green and violet are considered cool colors. These are the colors of nature: blue water, green grass, and the violet darkness of night.People are affected by color. Warm colors tend to excite people; cool colors tend to calm them down.Besides affecting emotions, colors can communicate directly with people. Red, for example, may say stop! Red may indicate danger. Green, however, may say that all is well; it tells the viewer to continue. Colors can be used to communicate, so choose them with care.十个主题：友情Friendship、爱情Love、家庭Family、事业Career、电影Movie、音乐Music、成功Success、失败Failure、理想Ideal、选择Choose。
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-4词汇及课后答案(word文档良心出品)
Unit 4Art of LifeWord Bank（audio-:与听力有关<->visual）audible (able->ible): adj. that is heard or that can be heard 可听见的(basis->base: n./ vt.以为基础/根据; be based on sth.) basement: n. the lowest habitable story (可居住的楼层) of a building地下室beneath: prep. lower than; below低于…，在…下方betray(->betrayal/ treason): v. the act of committing treason against背叛bust: n. a sculpture representing a person's head, shoulders, and upper chest半身像callus: v. to form or develop a hardened tissue结痂（茧）cast: v. to form (liquid metal, e.g. ) into a particular shape by pouring into a mold铸造; broadcast广播choke: v. to have difficulty in breathing, swallowing, or speaking哽塞dab: v. to apply with short, poking strokes轻拍; patdimensional: adj. having, or seeming to have, length depth, and height空间的，维度的(dwindle->) dwindling: adj. decreasing; becoming less 流逝的estranged: adj. being (alien外星人->alienate->) alienated or made distant疏运的flick: v./ n. to touch or hit with a light, quick blow轻拍，轻击hibiscus: n. (US) a tropical plant with large brightly colored flowers芙蓉，木槿knead: v. to squeeze, press, or roll with the hands轻柔，按摩lotion: n. a (medical->) medicated liquid for external [apply(1)申请；应用] application洗剂（液）massage: (US) to rub parts of the body to aid (circulate-)) circulation or relax the muscles按摩necktie: n. a narrow fabric band of varying (different) length (wear->) worn around the neck and tied in a knot close to the throat领带; tie: vt. ~ a horse to a big tree.(patriot->爱国者) patriarch: n. a man who rules a family, clan (家族), or tribe (部落)族长(酋长); arc-/arch-穹顶(proud=)prideful: adj. arrogant (->arrogance); disdainful傲慢的，轻蔑的; be proud of sb./sth.=pride (vi.) on sb./sth.=take pride (n.) in sb./ sth.以某人或某物而感到自豪；reconcile: v. to settle or resolve调停，决绝, 和解; council议会；consult咨询->consultant 顾问(relief->) relieve: v. to cause a lessening or (alleviate->) alleviation of减缓; to relieve sb.=go to sb.’s reflief.=to rescue sb.解救某人sculpt (->sculpture): v. to shape, mold, or fashion (imitate模仿) especially with (precise->) precision雕塑shrug: v. to raise (the shoulders)耸肩snore: n. /vi. the act or an instance of snoring打鼾splatter: v. to spatter (v.溅污n.滴落), especially to move or fall so as to cause splashes飞溅[dwell居住；~on sth.老在想…]squeeze: v. to press gently, as in affection挤，捏(stubborn) stubbornness: n. firmness倔强; bear->bore->borntissue: n. a soft, absorbent piece of paper used as toilet paper, a handkerchief, or a towel纸巾toenail: n. the thin, horny, transparent plate covering the upper surface of the end of a toe脚趾甲; nail: n./ vt.钉子/指甲tuft: n. a short cluster (簇群) of hair, or grass一族，一从vanity: n. excessive pride in one's appearance or accomplishments虚荣；Vanity Fair名利场vengeance: n. infliction of punishment in return for a wrong committed报复，复仇；revenge: n./vivolunteer: n./vi. to offer to give out of one's own will (意志/ 遗嘱)志愿whimsical: adj. erratic (n./ adj. 不稳定的, 奇怪的) in behavior or degree of unpredictability 反复无常; predict预测；dict-: speak. dictionary词典/ 字典wiggle: v. to move or cause to move from side to side with short irregular (<->regular) twisting motions扭动，摆动Phrases and Expressionsat the far end of: at the distant end of在另一边get in touch with: to maintain (=keep) contact with保持联系[contact sb. by the (telephone) number]hold (->held->held) on to: to continue to do something; persist坚持/ 抓住; hold on (=wait for a moment)<->hang up挂断电话in an attempt to: try to do sth./ making an effort to do sth.力图，试图make peace: to maintain or observe (遵守/ 维和shrug...off使变色,弄脏,伤害名誉) 耸肩表示不屑; stain (n./ vt)污渍Reading ComprehensionI. Choose the best for each of the following.1. "It was another of the things I had watched his helpers do for months, and now, in an attempt to hold on to what I could of him, I had volunteered to do it myself" (Para. 3) Here the word "another" refers that ( D )A. "Forgive yourself before you die. Then forgive others."B. they were callused and curled, and his toenails were yellow.C. Morrie liked being held and touched. And at this point, anything I could share with him to make him happy, I was going to do.D. I had a small jar of lotion, and I squeezed some into my hands and began to massage his ankles.2. What did Morrie regret in his life according to the passage? ( C )A. Forgiveness and tolerance.B. Impatience and carelessness.C. Pride and vanity.D. Peace and stillness.3. Why did Morrie say he was lucky? ( A )A. Because he had got enough time to reconsider his life.B. Because he had accepted his friend's explanation and rebuilt their friendship.C. Because he met his best friend in his life.D. Because he got comfort from his friends.4. "I rolled his toes between my fingers, lost in the task." (Para. 30) Here the word "lost"implies that the author lost ( D )A. his best friendB. his valuable memoryC. his heartD. himself in deep thought5. Why did Mitch hesitate when Mr. Morrie wanted him to be his another son? ( C )A. Because he was reluctant to be Morrie's son.B. Because he thought Morrie was not qualified.C. Because he thought it somehow seemed to betray his own father.D. Because he thought they were not so intimate.II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you."Forgive yourself before you die. Then forgive others."(lie->) Lying on his bed, Morrie was so seriously ill that he could not even (1) wiggle his toes. I came to see him on a rainy day. Having seen his sickly (sick=ill; car-sick; sea-sick; air-sick; sickly: adj.有病的, 苍白的) face, I felt so sorry for him. At that time (Then), I (2) volunteered to do some massage for him. Also, of course, Morrie liked being (hold) held and (3) touched. And at this point, anything I could do to make him happy, I was going to (would) do.Morrie then started a topic of (4) forgiveness with me. He told me that it is most (very) important not only to forgive (5) others but (6) ourselves. In order to prove it, he recalled a sad story between his friend Norman and him. It pained (vt.) him so much. He also said he was lucky to get enough time to think of his life, while I felt so sad because of I pressed my thumb into his (7) hardened flesh and he didn't even feel it. He also reminded me of things pulling (acting) in different (8) directions. [remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某件事]Later he said movingly (很动人地) that he wished I were his another son. At first, I felt afraid, as if (9) accepting his words would somehow (10) betray my own father. But just for a while (moment) I realized that all I was afraid of was saying good-bye.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. This will help to __B___ the hardship of the [seek (political) refuge寻求避难] refugees (难民).A. relish (mean意味)B. relieveC. (vivre->) revive (再生/恢复/苏醒)D. rely (on)=depend (on)依赖2. She (feel->) felt the ___A__ (compete->) competition between the two brothers.A. intense (激烈的)B. intensive(密度高的)C. intention (n. 打算目的)D. intend (vt.打算)3. The bride (新娘) and (bride)groom (马夫/ 新郎) promised to __D___ each other through sickness and health (->healthy).A. nag (唠叨a nagging wife)B. blameC. spoil [宠坏/弄砸了a ~ed (spoilt) child)D. cherish (vt. hope)4. You could feel the __B___ in the room as (when) we waited for our exam results.A. intense (adj.)B. tension (n.)C. tense (1.紧张的; 2.n.时态; 3.密度)D. (extensive<->) intensive (密度或强度)5. Angela __D___ with disappointment when she was told that she had not got the job.A. signed [1.vt.署名; 2. n. (sign + nature=) signature签名]B. [signal:1.n.信号; 2.vt.发信号) signaledC. persisted (~in sth./doing sth.=insist on sth./ doing sth.坚持做某事)D. sighed (叹气)6. If he can just ___C__ a little longer, we can give him a hand (help帮…一把).A. hold back (restrict保留)B. hold inC. hold on=waitD. hold up=block阻塞7. This is a political __B___ an (economy经济) economic (与经济有关的；economical节约的) question.A. as wellB. as well as=andC. as muchD. as usual=as before8. She can __C___ her troubles and keep (smile->) smiling.A. keep off远离B. take off起飞/开始/脱衣服C. shrug off表示不以为然D. lay off=drop裁员9. The two captains (船长/队长/上校/上尉;hat)__C___ a coin [(1)n.硬币; (2)vt.生造词] before the match.A. tossB. are tossedC. tossed抛D. tossed for10. I haven't really kept __A___ people I knew at school.A. in touch withB. out of touch withC. to the touchD. touching=moving感动人的II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. squeeze massage choke vanity forgivetuft dimension reconcile flick audiblesnore mourn betray forget strange1. Would you squeeze some oranges and make (for) me a glass of juice?3. The bird had a tuft (4. He almost choked to death on a fish bone.5. He has forgiven you for insulting (侮辱) him, and is trying to save you.[Save me/ Help me->help!]6. The (electric resistance) resistance group was betrayed to the government by one of its own members.7. He and his brothers were reconciled (和解) after a fierce (=severe) family quarrel.8. Space is considered to be three-dimensional.9. All shops will be closed today as a sign of (morning#) mourning for the king.10. The audience (听众/ 观众) applauded (clapped) loudly at the end of the concert.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.This was a few days after the "Nightline" interview. The sky was (raining#) rainy and dark, and Morrie was beneath a blanket. I sat at the far end of his chair, holding his bare feet. They were callused and curled, and his toenails were yellow. I had a small jar of lotion, and I squeezed some into my hands and began to massage his ankles.It was another of the things I had watched his helpers do for months, and now, in an attempt to hold on to what I could of him, I had volunteered to do it myself. The disease had left Morrie without the ability even to wiggle his toes, yet he could still feel pain, and massages helped relieve it. Also, of course, Morrie liked being held and touched. And at this point, anything I could do to make him happy, I was going to do.参考译文：这是“夜线”专访的几天以后，天空中阴霾密布。
世纪商务英语综合教程 专业篇II unit4
Unit 4 E-commerce
Text A
Is E-commerce Your Future? “Unbelievable, only one California distributor had a link!” Upon visiting a major manufacturer’s website, I conducted a distributor search for California. When the list appeared on my screen, only one distributor listed had a link to their site from the manufacturer’s site. It’s unfortunate that so many distributors are slow to partner with their principal suppliers. For some distributors it is because they do not yet have a website, hard as that is to believe. And for others it is a trust issue. Some distributors still believe that by sharing information, they will lose customers. How wrong they are! Your customers might not be getting any younger, but their purchasing staff most certainly is. With this youth, also come new ways of doing business. Younger people are quite comfortable with the Internet and many prefer e-commerce to “bothersome” visits to your counters. Just the other day upon leaving for school, my nine-year-old son asked my wife to find him some pictures of jellyfish for a school project. He proceeded to explain to her how to go to and so forth to find the pictures he needed. She thought it was so cute. For us, it’s a wake-up call!
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Unit 4 Reading: Fluidized-bed Combustion of Coal第四单元阅读：硫化床煤燃烧Fluidized-bed combustion of coal has been investigated in apilot-plant combustion facility. 在实验工厂燃烧装置中已经开始研究煤的硫化床燃烧。
The test bed section has an internal diameter of 0.154 m and an overall height of 3.5 m.试验床是一个直径为0.154米整体高度为3.5米的区域。
Sand with an average particle diameter of 1421μm is used as inert bed material.用平均直径为1421微米的微小沙粒作为惰性床材料。
The inert bed is heated to a temperature of about 1000 K by two propane burners installed in the preheater and calming sections. 惰性床被安装在预热器和镇定两个部分的两个丙烷燃烧器加热到1000K的高温。
Experiments were conducted for coal-feed rates of 0.83 and l.09 g/s with corresponding bed temperatures of 1220+43 and 1259+34 K for superficial air velocities in the range 0.63～1.07m/s at ambient conditions. 相应床温度在1220+43和1259+34 K时，实验给出的给煤速率是0.83到1.09克每秒，此时环境条件下的表面空气速度在0.63到1.07米每秒之间。
Concentrations of O2, CO, CO2, NOx, and SO2were monitored in the flue gas,and their variations with operating parameters used to establish optimum combustion conditions. 废气中氧气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氮氧化物和二氧化硫的浓聚物是被时刻监测的，并且他们随运行参数的变化被用来建立最优的燃烧条件。
Material and energy balances were employed to compute carbon utilization and thermal combustion and combustion quality efficiencies. 材料和能量的平衡用来计算碳利用率、热燃烧和燃烧质量的效率。
Optimum operating conditions were determined for efficient and environmentally friendly combustion. 最佳的运行条件确定了高效并对环境有利的燃烧。
It is proposed that oxidation of coal nitrogen to NO is a first-order reaction with respect to O2and a zero-order reaction with respect to coal nitrogen. 有观点认为，无煤氮氧化是关于氧气的一阶反应及对煤氮的零阶反应。
Significant kinetic inferences are derived concerning oxidation of coal carbon and sulfur. 重要的动力学推论被用来关注煤炭和硫的氧化。
1. Introduction 导论Fluidized-bed reactors have been widely used for applications involving exothermic noncatalytic chemical reactions. 流化床反应被广泛用在设计放氧非催化化学反应的应用中。
A recent trend has been to employ such reactors for the incinerationof hazardous and low calorific value materials in an environmentally friendly mode. 最近的趋势是为环保模式中有焚烧危险和低热值的材料提供这样的反应堆。
This approach has led to the development of incineration technology for operation in a co-combustion mode involving an auxiliary fuel. 这种途径促进了包含辅助燃料的混合燃烧的焚化技术操作的发展。
Propane and coal have been employed in this laboratory and it has been shown that efficient combustion is accomplished under proper operating conditions. 丙烷和煤在这个实验室中被使用，有效的燃烧可以在适当的操作条件下完成。
The history of fluidized-bed combustion is long and many careful investigations have provided details of the physico-chemicalprocesses occurring in different phases. 硫化床燃烧的历史已经有很久，并且很多认真的调查都证明了发生在不同阶段的物理-化学过程的细节。
A recent review deals with such efforts from an historical perspectiveand contains an overview of the important findings. 最近的一个评论从历史的角度处理这样的努力，包含重要发现的概述。
In this paper, we report experiments on combustion of coal for the purpose of establishing optimum combustion conditions to reduce the formation of pollutants as a preamble to investigating co-combustion of cellulose as an auxiliary fuel with coal. 在本文中，我们报告煤炭燃烧实验的目的是建立最佳燃烧条件，减少污染物的形成，以此作为研究纤维素作为煤辅助燃料的混合燃烧的一个前文。
The experimental facility and the carbon combustion efficiencycalculation procedure are described in the next two sections. 试验装置和煤炭燃烧效率计算方法在以下两部分中介绍。
This is followed by the experimental results, their interpretation and significant conclusions.这是紧随其后的实验的结果、他们的解释和有意义的总结。
2. Experimental facility实验装置The schematic of the UIC incineration facility is shown in Fig.4-1.焚化设施如图4-1所示。
It consists of an air (1～10) and propane-gas (11～15) supply system;它包含一个空气（１－１０）和丙烷（１１－１５）供应系统； fluidized-bed incinerator (16~19, 36); 流化床和焚烧炉（１６－１９,３６）off-gas cleanup system (20~23); 烟气净化系统（２０－２３）；temperature (24) and pressure (25) measuring instruments; 温度和压力检测仪器；solids feeder assembly (26～28); 固体给料组件（２６－２８）；data acquisition and analysis equipment (29～33); 数据获取和分析设备（２９－３３）；and flue-gas sampling instruments (34, 35).烟气采样仪器（３４,３５）.Fig.4-1 The schematic diagram of the UIC incinerator facility４－１焚化设施图a-Preheating Section; ａ：预热部分；b-Elbows; ｂ：弯头；c-Calming Section;ｃ：镇静部分； d-Test Sections;ｄ：测试部分； e-Freeboard Sections.ｅ：超高部分 Gl-Teledyne Gas Analyzer; Ｇ１：热导气体分析仪；G2-Horiba NOx Gas Analyzer; Ｇ２：氮氧化合物气体分析仪G3- Horiba SOx Gas AnalyzerＧ３：含硫化合物分析仪Signal Outputs:信号输出： Gl-3, Gas Analyzers; Ｇ１-３，气体分析仪；Pl-5, Pressure Probes; Ｐ１-５，压力探头；DPl-3, DP Cells; ＤＰ１-３，ＤＰ汽包；Tl-8, ThermocouplesＴ１-８，热电偶1-SULLAIR Air Compressor １－ＳＵＬＬＡＩＲ空气压缩机2-Receiver/Sump ２－接收器／水池3-Oil Filter ３－油过滤器4-Hankison Air Drier ４－汉克森空气干燥器5-Oil Filter ５－油过滤器6-Storage/Balancing Tank ６－存储／平衡罐7-Air Regulator ７－空气调节器8-Pressure Gauges ８－压力表9-Globe Valves ９－截止阀10-Air Rotameters １０－气体转子流量计11-Propane Tank １１－丙烷储罐12-Propane Regulator １２－丙烷减压器13-Propane Gauges １３－丙烷计14-Propane Flow Valves １４－丙烷流量阀15-Propane Rotameters １５－丙烷转子流量计16-Propane Ring Burner １６－丙烷燃烧器17-Spark Plug １７－火花塞18-Distributor-test Section １８－分电盘测试部分19-Distributor-Calming Section１９－分电盘镇定部分28-Screw Feeder ２８－螺旋加料机The air-supply system consists of a 45 kW air compressor which is a single-stage, positive displacement, air-cooled and flood-lubricated rotary screw type; two filters; a regenerative desiccant compressed air drier; and a large vertical tank suitably manifolded with several gages and control valves.该供气系统的组成包括一台45kw的单级容积式、空冷及水润滑旋转螺旋式空气压缩机，两个过滤器，一台干燥剂可再生的压缩空气干燥器，一个大型的安装有适当个数测量头和控制阀的立式水罐。