暑期英语提升语法讲义
七年级英语暑假衔接讲义
七年级英语暑假衔接讲义一、研究目标本讲义的目标是帮助学生在暑假期间保持英语研究的连贯性,并为他们进入八年级英语研究做好准备。
通过本讲义,学生将能够:1. 复和巩固七年级英语的基础知识和技能;2. 提升英语听、说、读、写的能力;3. 培养研究英语的兴趣和惯。
二、研究内容本讲义主要包括以下几个方面的内容:1. 复基础知识- 复七年级英语单元内容,包括常用词汇、基本语法和句型等。
- 复七年级英语中的常见单词拼写和语法错误。
2. 提升听说能力- 听力练:通过听录音材料,提高认知能力和听力理解能力。
- 口语练:开展口语练活动,提高学生的口语表达能力和语音语调。
3. 阅读训练- 阅读理解:阅读各类文章和短文,提高学生的阅读理解能力。
- 阅读速度:进行阅读速度训练,提高学生的阅读效率和阅读速度。
4. 写作技巧- 写作练:开展写作练,提高学生的写作能力和表达能力。
- 语法训练:通过语法题,加强学生的语法应用能力。
三、研究方式学生们可利用暑假期间的碎片时间进行英语研究。
以下是一些建议的研究方式:1. 多听多说:通过听英语音频和跟读英语录音,提升听力和口语能力。
2. 多读多写:阅读英语文章、练写作,提高阅读理解和写作能力。
3. 划定研究时间:每天设置一定的研究时间,并坚持进行研究任务。
4. 创造语言环境:与身边的人用英语对话,积极参与英语沙龙或英语角活动。
四、研究资源为方便学生的研究,以下是提供的研究资源:1. 学校图书馆:借阅英语教材和阅读材料。
2. 网络资源:利用互联网搜索英语研究资料、英语研究网站和研究应用程序。
3. 研究小组:与同学一起组织研究小组,互相分享研究资源和经验。
五、研究评估为了帮助学生检测研究效果,可进行以下评估方式:1. 自我评估:学生根据研究目标和内容,自我评估研究进展和能力提升。
2. 练题评估:完成每章节的练题,检测学生对知识点的掌握程度。
3. 考试评估:组织模拟考试,评估学生在各项技能上的综合能力。
2014年萌智英语暑假班语法讲义
2014年萌智英语暑假班英语语法基本知识第一章绪论一、英语的词法实词:名词nonu、代词pronoun、动词verb、副词adverb、数词numeral、形容词adjective虚词:冠词artical、介词preposition、连词conjunction、感叹词interjection二、英语的句法主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语三、句子的种类(一)按目的划分1、陈述句2、疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句(注意:I—aren’t,I am not—am I, wish—may,感叹句-is, 祈使句—will you, neither/either—are, let’s—shall we, 否定意义的词,不定代词nobody等,have/need/dare的词性判断)(1)must表示“必须、禁止“时,must (mustn’t) 。
例You mustn’t stop your car here, must you?(2)must表示“有必要”时,用needn’t。
例They must finish the work today, needn’t they?(3)当must对现在的情况进行“推测”,根据must后的动词采用相应形式。
He must be good at maths, isn’t he?(4)当must用对过去的情况进行“推测”(must + have done),如强调对过去情况的推测(一般句中有过去的时间状语),用“didn’t + 主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有过去时间状语),用“haven’t / hasn’t + 主语”。
例She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? You must have told her about it, haven’t you?3、祈使句4、感叹句:(1)how引导:How+形容词+a/an/the+名词+陈述语序How clever a boy he is!How+形容词/副词+陈述语序How lovely the baby is!(2)what引导:What +名词+陈述语序What noise they are making!What +a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序What a clever boy he is!What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What wonderful ideas we have!What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序What cold weather it is!感叹句的省略形式:What a clever boy (he is) !(二)按句子结构划分1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句四、基本句型1、主语+谓语动词:(1)主语+不及物动词(2)主语+及物动词+宾语(3)主语+及物动词+间接宾语(一般是有灵生物)+直接宾语(一般是物品)(4)主语+宾语+宾语补足语2、主语+系动词+表语3、there be句型第二章名词名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念称谓的词类。
高一英语培优提升暑假作业:6必修第二册重要语法突破讲义(人教版2019)(原卷版)
06必修第二册重要语法突破讲义目录第一部分:现在进行时态的被动语态1.现在进行时的被动语态的构成形式2.(1)表示某事/某人此时此刻正在被……。
The criminal is being watched over by a policeman. 那名罪犯正由一名警察看守。
The bridge is being repaired . 这座桥正在被修复。
(2)表示某事/某人现阶段正在被……。
Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 这些天许多有趣的实验正在进行着。
(说话时并不一定正在进行)(3)表示一种经常性的被动行为,常与always ,constantly ,frequently 等词连用,表示赞赏(扬)、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。
I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is frequently being broken . 我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。
(4)与部分情态动词连用,表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment.此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。
3.现在进行时的被动语态注意要点 (1)不可遗漏being 。
现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作,如果我们把being 漏掉,即成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。
Look !The children are being taken care of by their aunt.瞧!那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。
Children are taken good care of at school.孩子们在学校被照顾得很好。
(一般现在时的被动语态) The report is being written by one of the best students. 报告正由一名最优秀的学生写着呢。
高一预科暑期英语讲义一 基础语法
高一预科暑期英语讲义(一)基础语法及练习句子的分类按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
根据句子的内部结构,特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分,可以分为三种主要类型:简单句、并列句、复合句,另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子。
如果按照句子的结构分类,英文句子可分为三种类型:简单句(Simple Sentence),并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。
一)、简单句简单句有三种形式。
1、只有一个主语、一个谓语,再加上其它成份。
例如:Light travels faster than sound.The film is not interesting.2、只有一个主语,但有几个谓语,再加上其它成份。
例如:The boy were running, shouting and laughing.You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time.3、有几个主语,但只有一个谓语,再加上其它成份。
例如:He and I live in the same house.他和我住在同一幢房子里。
China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.中国和中国人民在以非常的速度日益进步。
二)、并列句所谓并列句,它有两个或两上的简单句连接而成,也就是它有两个互相搭配的主谓、主谓结构。
这两个简单句说的是两个人或事物,最重要的是这两个人或事物之间的关系,是两个相对独立的,不存在谁主要、谁次要的关系,这就是“并列”的含义。
并列句可以大致分为以下三类:1、两个句子之间是平行的关系用下列词连结的句子,是平行关系:and , or , either…or , neither / nor , not only…but (also), both…and , as well as 等,以及用分号连接的句子。
专题04 语法-六升七 小升初 英语 暑假专项提升(人教pep版)
一般过去时句型变化 —Did you go to a park yesterday?
易错点 提示
你昨天去公园了吗? —Yes, I did. 是的,我去了。
在含有实义动词一般过去时的一般疑问句中, 无论句中的主语是第几人称,都用did来引导。
一般过去时句型变化
拓展 含有实义动词的一般过去时的肯定句变为一般疑问句 肯定句:I played football last weekend. 上周末我踢了足球。 一般疑问句:Did you play football last weekend? 上周末你踢足球了吗?
一般过去时句型变化
—Was Mike happy yesterday? 迈克昨天高兴吗?
—No, he wasn’t. 不,他不高兴。 迈克昨天不高兴
一般过去时句型变化 拓展 含有be动词的一般过去时的肯定句变为一般疑问句
肯定句:She was busy last weekend. 上个周末她很忙。
一般疑问句:Was she busy last weekend? 上个周末她很忙吗?
一般过去时句型变化 — Did you like it?你喜欢它吗? —Yes, I did. 是的,我喜欢。
考向 含有实义动词的一般过去时的一般疑问句 问句句型结构为:Did+主语+动词原形+其他? 用于询问某人过去是否做了某事。 答句句型结构为:Yes, 主语+did. / No, 主语+did not/ didn’t.
三、连词成句。
1. are heavy you how (?) __H_o_w__h_ea_v_y_a_r_e_y_o_u_?__________________ 2. heavier me than are you (.) __Y_o_u_a_r_e_h_e_a_v_ie_r_t_h_a_n_m_e_.______________ 3. fish bigger than is Mike’s Chen Jie’s (.) __M_i_k_e_’s_f_is_h_i_s_b_i_gg_e_r_t_h_a_n_C_h_e_n_J_i_e_’s_. _____
暑假讲义一
There be 结构句型的讲解与练习。
第一关:There be 结构的意义及形式There be 结构主要用以表达"某处(某时)有某人(某物)",其基本句型为"There be + 某物或某人+ 某地或某时",其中there 是引导词,没有词义;be是谓语动词;"某人或某物"是句子的主语;"某地或某时"作句子的状语,多是介词短语。
如: There is a football under the chair. 椅子下面有一个足球。
第二关:There be结构中的动词be的确定1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。
主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。
如:There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。
There are some apples on the table.在桌子上有一些苹果。
2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。
如:There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。
There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。
第三关::There be 结构的句型转换1. 否定句: there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。
如果句中有some,一般要变成any。
如:There are some children in the picture. →There aren't any chi ldren in the picture.2. 一般疑问句及其答语:把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。
初中英语暑假培优讲义
初中英语暑假培优讲义
概述
本讲义旨在为初中生提供一个暑假研究英语的指南,帮助他们在假期期间提升英语水平。
本讲义主要包括以下几个部分:听力训练、口语练、阅读理解、写作技巧等内容。
听力训练
1. 听力训练是提高英语听力能力的重要环节,建议学生每天进行30分钟左右的听力练。
2. 可以选择一些与学生年龄段相适应的英语听力材料,如英语歌曲、英语故事等。
3. 学生可以通过跟读、听写等方式进行听力训练,提高自己的听力理解能力。
口语练
1. 口语练是培养学生英语口语表达能力的关键,建议学生每天进行口语练,至少持续20分钟。
2. 学生可以选择与家人、朋友进行英语对话,或者通过在线研究平台参与英语口语练。
3. 学生可以制定口语练计划,每天讨论不同的话题,提高自己的口语表达能力。
阅读理解
1. 阅读理解是培养学生英语阅读能力的重要环节,建议学生每天进行一定量的英语阅读。
2. 学生可以选择适合自己水平的英语读物,如英语小说、英语杂志等。
3. 阅读时,学生可以使用词典查阅生词,逐步提高自己的阅读理解能力。
写作技巧
1. 写作技巧是培养学生英语写作能力的关键,建议学生每周进行一次写作练。
2. 学生可以选择一些有趣的主题,进行短文写作训练。
3. 在写作过程中,学生可以注意词汇的使用、句子结构的合理性,以及语法的正确性。
总结
通过本讲义的研究,学生可以在暑假期间全面提高英语能力。
希望学生们能够按照计划认真研究,取得良好的成绩。
祝愿大家度过一个充实而愉快的暑假!
*注意:本讲义仅供参考,学生可以根据自身情况进行适当的调整。
*。
第06讲Unit3-【暑假自学课】2024年新七年级英语暑假提升讲义(人教版2024)
第06讲Unit 3 My school!模块一思维导图串知识模块二基础知识全梳理(吃透教材)模块三教材习题学解题模块四核心考点精准练模块五小试牛刀过关测1.Listening:Conversations about places in the new school.2.Speaking:Talk about the classroom.3.Reading:An email to a friend about the new school.4.Writing:Email a friend to describe your school.Grammar: There be structure.Prepositions of position( in front of, behind, between ,next to,across from)1、It's in front of the art building. 它在艺术楼的前面.(教材第36页1a) 考频:★★★in front of 意思是“在......前面”。
如:I sit in front of him. 我坐在他的前面。
拓展:in front of 与in the front ofin front of 表示“在.......(外部)前面”,反义词:behindI sit in front of him. 我坐在他的前面。
= He sits behind me. 他坐在我的后面。
in the front of 表示“在......(内部)前部”,反义词:at the back ofI sit in the front of the classroom. 我坐在教室的前部。
2、The teachers’building is across from the school hall. 教师办公楼在学校礼堂的对面。
(教材第36页1a) 考频:★★★across from 表示“在.......对面”,相当于opposite。
高一英语培优提升暑假作业:2必修第一册重要语法突破讲义(人教版2019)(原卷版)
02必修第一册重要语法突破讲义目录第一部分句子成分一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
二、基本句子结构句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子,其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种,其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。
八种基本句式如下:1.主语+谓语(S+V)The exchange students are registering.这些交换生正在登记。
We all breathe,drink and eat.我们都要呼吸、喝水和吃饭。
2.主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)The students are doing an experiment.学生们正在做实验。
She usually puts off carrying out her promise.她通常拖延履行她的诺言。
3.主语+系动词+表语(S+P)He became a teacher of English.他成了一名英语教师。
My brothers are all college students.我的弟弟们都是大学生。
She looked a little annoyed.她看上去有点生气。
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语叫作双宾语)(S+V+IO+DO) My sister told me a long story.我姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。
The professor gave us an exciting lecture.教授给我们做了一场激动人心的讲座。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语)(S+V+O+C) I found his design very impressive.我发现他的设计让人印象深刻。
She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.她让我们等她的回音等了一个多星期。
初升高暑假英语衔接课讲义:第一讲 定语从句一
第一讲定语从句一目标导航:1.衔接第一单元经典背记和语法难点,锻炼认知策略中的复述策略2.复习和掌握高中定语从句的基础知识3.通过自我检测做一些基础检查和巩固提高,提高认知能力一、知识整合(一)概念(1)定语从句:由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词和代词,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
(3)关系词可分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why)关系词常有3个作用:①引导定语从句。
②代替先行词。
③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.→A plane is a machine the machine can fly.→A plane is a machine that/ which can fly.The girl is marry.We saw her yesterday.→The girl her we saw yesterday is marry.→The girl we saw yesterday is marry.(4)定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况,对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切,不用逗号隔开,也不可省略,否则全句意义就不完整。
非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明,没有限定作用,它与先行词的关系比较松散,不是关键性的,如果省略,原句的意义仍然完整。
这种从句在朗读时要有停顿,在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。
例:1.This is the book I like best. (限制性)2.Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. (非限制性)(二)关系代词以及基本用法1)that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
专题04 语法-五升六 英语 暑假专项提升(人教pep版)
( B )5.My birthday is on April 5th.
四、单项选择。
( B )1.—________ is the sports meet?
—It's in June.
A. What
B. When
C. Where
( B )2.The English test is in________.
1. My sister lives ____in____ Sichuan. 2. I will eat a birthday cake ____a_t___ the party. 3. I usually play games ___a_t____ 6: 00 a. m. 4. We will go to the Great Wall____in____ October. 5. We will eat mooncakes ___w__it_h__ my grandparents.
(上舞蹈课)
3. —W__h_a_t_d_o__y_o_u_a_l_w_a_y_s_d_o__o_n_S_a_t_u_rd_a_y_?_________ —I always clean my room on Saturday.(写问句)
4. —What do you often do on the weekend? —_I_o_f_te_n__g_o_s_h_o_p_p_i_n_g_w__it_h_m__y_m__u_m_._(_答__案__不__唯__一__)_ (根据实际情况回答问题)
B. It's warm.
C. I can play with snow.
Unit3语法复习
介词in, at, on与时间搭配的基本规则
六升七暑假讲义第19讲语法综合复习T(1)
【课前检测】建议5minRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. (6分)Have you ever been to London? How much do you know about London? Now let me tell you.London has a population of about 7,000,000. From about the year 1800 to 1945, London was the b(73) ______city in the world. But now many cities are even bigger than before.London is famous for many things. T (74)______e from all over the world to visit its famous buildings and listen to the famous clock, Bi g Ben. Like many big cities, London has problems such as traffic and pollution, and they s (75) ______ the city from developing Every day about1,000,000 people e and go by u (76) ______but there are still too many cars and buses in the streets. So the air isn’t clean. H (77) ______, it is cleaner than it was 100 years ago.For me, the best things in London are the parks. There are five parks in the city centre.Children's f (78) ______ place is Hamleys, the biggest toy shop in the world.答案:73.biggest 74.tourists 75. stop 76.underground 77.however 78. favourite【课堂导学】建议10minLesson37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. 'They will also be building new roads and a special railwayline. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called 'Olympic City'. Workers will have pleted the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.4年以后,奥林匹克运动会将在我们国家举行。
高一英语培优提升暑假作业:必修第三册重要语法突破讲义(人教版2019)(原卷版)
10必修第三册重要语法突破讲义非谓语动词目录Part one基础知识1、定义:在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词,过去分词只有一种形式)。
非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前直接加not。
2、非谓语动词的各种时态形式:单谓语或动词短语:He works.He takes care of the baby.情态动词/ 助动词+ v.:He will go to Shanghai.He didn’t go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.系动词+表语:You are students.You look smart.3、非谓语动词使用的条件:一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(即有谓语动词), 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时,这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。
如:She had water delivered to her house.We noticed him enter the building.4、非谓语动词的形式:1)to do 不定式2)V-ing:①作为一个名词使用,称为动名词;①作为一个形容词或副词使用,称为现在分词;3)V-ed 过去分词一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语1.不定式做状语,主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。
(1)不定式往往放在系表结构后面,表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。
如:She was surprised to see Jim walk in.看到吉姆进来,她很惊讶。
(2)不定式可以单独作目的状语,有时为了强调目的性在不定式前可以加上in order so as。
如: To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself·In order to keep warm we shut all the windows.(3)不定式表结果,常用在too…to; enough….to结构中。
第7讲 语法专题复习讲解2-2021年新初三英语暑假讲义
第七讲 语法专题复习讲解2一、知识整合什么是宾语从句?We know him .简单句主s 谓v 宾oWe know he likes English.复合句主s 谓vo o v s 宾宾谓主 宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语。
1.that 引导的宾语从句(1)that 在宾语从句中只起连接作用,并不作句子成分,其本身也没有实际意义,在口语或非正式文体中常常省略。
如:She told me(that) she could finish it herself . 她跟我说她可以自己完成。
(2)that 引导的宾语从句,其主句的谓语动词多为know ,think ,believe ,hope ,mean ;也可用于主句形容词之后,如:Certain ,sure ,glad ,afraid ,sorry 等。
如:He thinks that he can go swimming tomorrow . 他认为他明天能去游泳。
I am glad that you can come for dinner.我很高兴你能来吃晚饭。
2.if 或whether 引导的宾语从句(1)if 或whether 可引导宾语从句,此时从句部分的语义相当于一个一般疑问句。
如:I want to know if /whether he is our new teacher,我想知道他是不是我们的新老师。
(2)连词if 和whether 意为“是否”,在从句中不充当句子成分,在口语中多用if 如:Tom wonders if /whether his grandpa will come next week .汤姆想知道他的爷爷是否下周过来。
if/whether 可互换,但是有时只能用whether,不能用if1:whether…or not 为固定搭配.I want to know if/whether she is right .我想知道她是否是正确的。
初中英语新初二暑期讲义4
Shopping made easyPart 1 Basic words and expressions1. once adv.曾经,以前,一次She once was a true love of mine.Once bitten, twice shy. at onceWe must start atonce.新概念二新初二暑期讲义(四)People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before —especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her.The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shopassistant was her daughter. The girl' gave' her mother a free dress once a week!once again / once moreHe explained it once again.once upon a timeOnce upon a time, there was a king, he always wanted to wear new beautiful clothes.2. temptation n.诱惑resist temptationthe temptation of an applethe temptation of powerShe can not resist the temptation to buy the fur coat.3. article n.物品,东西 / 文章articles of luxuryThis article needs polishing.4.wrap v./ n.包裹wrap upI bought a dictionary and wrapped it up in brown paper.5.possible a. 可能的……No other conclusion is possible.as + adj. / adv. + as possibleas quickly as possibleI have sent you as many books as possible.He went home as soon as possible.6.simply adv.仅仅He is simply a workman.It is simply a matter of time.7.arrest v.逮捕The policemen arrested the thief.arrest one’s attentionThe clothes in the closet arrested my wife’s attention.under arrestFreeze! You are under arrest!8. 短语复习so / as … as, a little, one of, wrap up, as … as possible, find out, once a weekPart 2 Structure and Vocabulary1. People are not so honest as they once were. They are _______ honest.A. asB. soC. lessD. fewer2. There were fewer people in the shop than usual. There were _______.A. as many as usualB. not as many as usualC. as few as usualD. more than usual3. The woman bought a few small articles. She bought _______.A. a littleB. someC. oneD. three4. Which dress did she _______?A. chosenB. choseC. chooseD. choosing5. It was one of the most expensive dresses _______ the shop.A. inB. ofC. fromD. to6. A. detective recently watched a well-dressed woman. He_______ her.A. lookedB. looked forC. looked afterD. looked at7. The woman first bought a few small articles. She bought some small _______.A. thingsB. piecesC. bitsD. parts8. The assistant wrapped it. She _______ it.A. paperedB. turnedC. envelopedD. made a parcel of9. She was arrested. She _______.A. escapedB. was caughtC. was stoppedD. was seen10. The dress was free. It _______.A. was pricelessB. was worthlessC. cost nothingD. was gratefulPart 3 Grammar一、比较状语从句比较状语从句含有或暗含有“与……相比”的意思。
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暑期英语提升———语法讲义It的用法【学前自测】1. It was only when I reread his poems recently __ I began to appreciate their beauty.A.until B.sine C.then D.that2. I hate _________ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them3. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _______.A. that used to beB. it is used toC. it was used toD. it used to be4. I’d appreciate __________ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.A. thatB. itC. thisD. /5.(改错)David and I did not agree and David pointed to a path which he thought it would probably lead to a village.6. 判断下列属于it的何种句型或句式:①It is for three hours that they have been back. 句型或句式:②It is a wonder that he is still alive. 句型或句式:序言:It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点,尤其是it用于强调句。
其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行,偶尔也出现在“短文改错”、“完形填空”和“短文填词”中。
I、要点点拔一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。
一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分;可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,在句子中既可作主语,也可以作宾语。
1.指动物和植物。
①---Oh, that's Lucy's hat. 噢,那是露茜的帽子。
---It looks like a cat! 它看上去像只猫!②Where's tea grown? It's grown in the southeast of China.什么地方种植茶?中国东南部种植茶。
2.指代一些无生命的东西。
①Is it your watch? 这是你的手表吗?②Look at the rain! It's heavy, isn't it? 看这雨!雨很大,对吗?3.可以指代具体的东西也可以代替上文提到过的整个事情或情况。
①Well, you mustn't play on the road. It's dangerous.哦,你不能在公路上玩。
这太危险了!②Picking apples was hard work, but they really enjoyed it.摘苹果是艰苦活,可他们都乐意去摘(它)。
③It’s a nice room.这是一个漂亮的房间。
二、用于指代人。
1.指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人,常在打电话或敲门时用。
①---Who was it? 是谁(打来的电话)?---Was it Susan?(打电话的)是苏珊吗?---Yes,it was. 是的,我是。
(根据上下句,“it was”也可不译出来。
)②---Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?---It's me. 是我。
2.指说话者心目中的那个人。
---Is it your sister, Kate? (那旧照片上的baby)是你姐姐凯特吧?---No! 不是。
---Is it your brother? 是你哥哥吧?---No! 不是。
---I know—it's you!我知道了,那是你。
3.指代性别不详的婴幼儿、在不计较性别时或身份不明朗的人,也可用it来指人。
①The child smiled when it saw its mother.这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。
②I don't know who it is.我不知道他是谁。
【注意】看到这样的句子(或听到这样的话)时,要想一想,不要一看到it就把它译成“它”。
4.在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时,常用it指人。
---Who's that? 那人是谁?---Is it Kate? 是凯特吗?---Yes, I think you're right. It's Kate. 是的,我想你说对了,是凯特。
【另:】1.做代词代替指示代词this, that,常用作表示复指。
---What’s this? 这是什么?--- It’s a flag. 这是一面旗。
2.起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物,it 所指的东西不很具体。
①有时指某个动作的人;②有时指引起某种情况的事物。
①---Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?--- It’s me. 是我。
②It’s the wind shaking the window. 风正吹打着窗户。
三、用于其他范畴。
1.表示时间、季节。
①---What time is it? 几点钟?---It's ten. 十点钟。
②It's summer in Australia now. 现在澳大利亚是夏天。
【特别注意it用于表示时间时还常见于以下两个句型中:】1. It's time(for sb.)to do sth. / It's time for sth. 译为“是(某人)该干……的时间了、到…的时候了”。
①It's time for supper / to have supper. 是吃晚饭的时候了。
②I think it's time for us to start the lesson now.我想现在是我们开始上课的时候了。
2. It is / has been +时间段+since +一般过去时。
译为“自从…以来已过了…(时间)”。
此结构可以与另一种句型进行同义句转换。
①It has been two weeks since we met last.=Two weeks has passed since we met last.自从我们上次相遇以来,两个星期过去了。
②It's three years since he came here.=It has been three years since he came here.=He has been here for three years.他到这里已经三年了。
2.表示距离。
①It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school.从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间。
②---Where's the farm, Li Lei? Is it far? 李雷,农场在哪里?远吗?---No, it's quite near. 不,(距)离这很近。
3.表示自然现象(天气,气候,明暗等)。
①Sometimes it snows and the land is all white. 有时下雪,大地一片白。
②It is very quiet here at the moment. 眼下这儿很安静。
4. 指环境,情况等。
It’s very quiet at the moment.四、用作形式主语。
用作形式主语。
it没有具体意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子后尾,使句子显得平稳一些,能借it给移至句子后尾的主语有三种:一种由不定式表示,一种由动名词表示,一种由从句表示。
1. It替代真正的主语——动词不定式短语。
① It is easier to say than to do .② It is a good act to help the others.2. It替代真正的主语——动名词短语,以动名词短语做主语的句子,主要用于以no good, no use, no harm, dangerous, foolish 等词作表语的句中。
①It’s no harm drinking running water in that area。
②It’s foolish talking like that.3. it 替代从句作主语,用从句做主语的带it 的句子很多,常见的有下面几类:(1).It+is/was+形容词+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式短语。
对于这个句型中究竟用for还是用of,一般遵循这样的规则:如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous等用for;如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如:kind, good, nice, clever等则用of。
①It is interesting to play with snow in winter. 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。
②It's important for us to keep the water clean. 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。
③It's very kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。
【注意】这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词( It’s + a + n. + that名词也可用复数);连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词,如feel等。
①It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early. 早睡早起是好习惯。
②It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
③It feels strange to have a twin brother. 有个孪生兄弟感觉很奇怪。
(2).It +will be/is/was +形容词+动名词短语。
①It's bad playing in the street. 在街上玩是没好处的。
②Is it any good trying again? 再试一次有用吗?(3).It+is/was+形容词+从句。