浅谈大风浪中船舶航行安全

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内容摘要

摘要：在众多海况中大风浪对船舶安全航行的影响可谓首当其冲，大风浪航行既是一个复杂的理论问题，同样也是一个严峻的实践问题。对大风浪安全航行方法的探讨历来也是不绝于耳，本文就结合当前许多在大风浪中船舶安全航行的研究成果以及自身在船舶航行中的实践经验，提出了船舶在大风浪航行中应当做出的准备以及航行中安全操纵避让方法，以保障船舶在大风浪中能够安全航行，提高船舶的经济效益。

据此，本文分析了大风浪的等级划分以及在航行实践中一般对大风浪风级及浪高的定义，以及大风浪对船舶安全航行的不利的影响。然后根据船舶在大风浪中实际受到的影响，提出在大风浪来临之前，应当从船员的心理上以及船舶的设备上做好抵御大风浪的准备。最后，综合大风浪实际对船舶的不利影响以及船舶做出的相应准备，提出了适合船舶在大风浪中安全航行的几种航法以及相应避让措施，从而保证船舶在大风浪中能够安全航行。并且结合了自己在船舶实习期间，船舶在经历大风浪中，本船所采取的的相应措施以及航行避让的方法，来验证了自己所提出的船舶航行避让方法。

本文的研究能够为船舶在大风浪中的安全航行提供科学依据，并可为公司岸基支持以及海事机构安全监督提供相应的决策参考。

关键词：大风浪，不利影响，船舶安全航行，航行方法

Abstract: Big waves is the biggest effect of ship’s safe navigation in the numerous sea conditions. It is a complex theoretical problem, and is also a serious practical problem. Lots of method discussion has been heard. In this paper, combining with the current research results about ship’s safe navigation in the big waves and the practical experience in the navigation of the ship of myself, I put forward the ship sailing preparation on the big waves and the voyage manipulation avoidance method, in order to ensure ship’s safe navigation in the big waves and improve the economic benefits of ship.

On this basis, this paper analyzes the hierarchy of stormy waves as well as general definition of a great wind scale wind and wave height in the navigation practice, and big waves for the adverse effects of the safe navigation of the ship. Then according to the actual effect in the big waves, I put forward psychological and the ship's equipment shall be ready to withstand rough seas before the big storm coming. In the end, according to the above all ,I put forward the suitable method of ship’s safe navigation in the big waves and collision avoidance corresponding measures, to ensure that ships can safe navigation in the big waves. During experiences of my internship, the corresponding measures and the method of collision avoidance taken by the ship sailing, to verify the proposed method of sailing ship collision avoidance.

This article is able to provide a scientific basis for safe navigation of ship in rough seas, and provide the decision-making reference shore-based support of the company and maritime safety supervision.

Keywords:Big waves ；Adverse effects ；Ship's safe navigation ；Navigation method

目录

1绪论 (1)

1.1研究的背景和意义 (1)

1.2 本文的主要工作 (1)

2船舶在大风浪中航行的特点 (1)

2.1风浪等级的划分 (1)

2.1.1 风级 (1)

2.1.2浪级 (1)

2.2大风浪对船舶航行安全的不利影响 (2)

3船舶在大风浪中的安全航行方法 (3)

3.1大风浪来临前的心理及物质准备 (3)

3.1.1心理准备 (3)

3.1.2物质准备 (3)

3.2大风浪中可采取的安全操船方法 (4)

3.2.1“Z”字航法 (4)

3.2.2 顶浪航行 (4)

3.2.3 顺浪航行 (5)

3.2.4 滞航 (5)

3.2.5 漂滞 (5)

3.3大风浪中船舶的合理避让 (5)

4实例分析 (6)

5结语 (7)

【参考文献】 (7)