PM emissions from industrial sources - IIASA从工业来源-奥地利的PM排放
雾霾影响英语作文
As a resident living in a city affected by heavy smog, I have personally experienced the negative impacts of air pollution on my daily life. In this essay, I will delve into the various ways in which smog has affected me and those around me, and explore the potential solutions to this pressing issue.
In light of these challenges, it is evident that addressing smog requires a concerted effort from individuals, communities, and governments. Measures such as reducing emissions from industrial sources, promoting the use of clean energy, and implementing stricter regulations on vehicle emissions are crucial steps in combating smog. Additionally, raising public awareness about the detrimental effects of air pollution and promoting environmentally-friendly lifestyles are equally important in effecting long-term change.
2019人教版高中英语必修一Unit 4 单元综合检测
Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元检测一、完形填空Hurricane Ian hit Florida in October and brought with it flooding, winds, and a record high storm. Many11．A．time B．weather C．pressure D．disease12．A．waist B．head C．knees D．wrists13．A．signal B．reminder C．order D．music14．A．shaking B．whispering C．standing D．dancing15．A．focused B．clean C．warm D．accessible16．A．competent B．efficient C．responsible D．safe17．A．owned B．stored C．discovered D．remembered18．A．fascinated B．grateful C．willing D．determined19．A．Disaster B．Difficulty C．Life D．Misfortune20．A．eventually B．fortunately C．similarly D．unexpectedly二、阅读理解After a relaxing July day at the Jersey Shore in 2021, Jessica Reeder and her two children headed home to Philadelphia. As they reached Pennsylvania, they were greeted with a yellow- gray sky. It reminded Reeder of what she often saw in Southern California in her childhood when wildfires were burning.In North America, most large wildfires occur in the western states and Canada. But smoke generated in the West doesn’t stay there. It tends to travel east. Within days, it can dirty the air in the Midwest and even East Coast towns. Today, most asthma(哮喘)-related US deaths and emergency-room visits from wildfire smoke occur in eastern cities.The big problem comes from tiny aerosols(气溶胶)--bits of ash, and other droplets in the air. Scientists refer to this mix as particulate matter, or PM.The smaller the PM is, the longer it can stay in the air. And the longer it floats, the farther it can travel. The especially worrisome sizes are known as PM2.5. These bits are no more than 2.5 micrometers wide. That’s about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. These aerosols are so small that they can be breathed deeply into the lungs. PM2. 5 has been linked with breathing- related injury and heart disease.Over the last few decades, US clean-air laws have set limits on emissions (排放) of PM from industrial sources. That has helped clean the air in many cities. But these rules don’t cover PM from wildfire smoke. Recent studies have shown that aerosols from wildfires may be more poisonous than industrial sources of these pollutants.So far, much of the science on how wildfire PM2. 5 can sicken people has focused on people exposed to smoke near fires in the US West. Now, researchers are turning their attention to how this smoke may be affecting people as far away as the East Coast. With climate change increasing the intensity and frequency of wildfires,people across North America need to be more concerned about the health impacts of this smoke.21．Why does the author tell Jessica Reeder s story?A．To lead in the topic.B．To praise her performance.C．To remember a friend.D．To introduce a nice scene.22．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A．The classification of PM.B．The treatment for asthma.C．The harm of tiny aerosols.D．The characteristics of PM.23．What did America do to clean the air in the past?A．It cut down on PM from wildlife smoke.B．It reduced industrial emissions by law.C．It encouraged people to work from home.D．It stopped wildfire smoke travelling east.24．Which is the most suitable title for the text?A．Wildfire Smoke Poses Health Risks in North AmericaB．Wildfires Are Burning Out of Control in the USC．Why Do Large Wildfires Occur in the Eastern US?D．How Do Wildfires Affect the Western US Cities?Humans can race to get out of a hurricane’s path. Some animals can sense a hurricane coming and leave quickly, but there are animals that can’t simply get out of the way. Here are the various effects of hurricanes on animals.Birds may be able to sense air pressure and other changes in the environment, which encourages them to get out of harm’s way. Some birds will even speed up their migration (迁徙) leaving earlier than usual if a serious hurricane is approaching. However, strong winds can push birds hundreds of miles away from their home. Young or weak birds can become separated from the rest of their group and often have difficulty making it home.Fish can also be affected. After Hurricane Andrew in 1992, about 184 million fish died in south Louisiana’s Atchafalaya Basin alone. Strong winds blew leaves off trees, blowing them into wetlands. The rotting (腐烂的) organic material to extremely low levels of oxygen in the water, killing the fish. Some fish will often find sheltered areas during hurricanes, but they’re not always safe. Dolphins have occasionally been blown to shore during big hurricanes.There are many other dangers that come with hurricane-related water. Sharp rise of saltwater onshore can harm wildlife and plants that live in the freshwater and can’t bear the salt content.Heavy rain can also affect the balance of fresh and salt water in some areas, harming the creatures that live in them.Many animals lose their regular food supply when a hurricane arrives, as strong winds and rains destroy trees of fruits, nuts and berries. During Hurricane Andrew, about one-quarter of Louisiana’s public oyster seed (牡蛎种苗) grounds were destroyed. Because the oysters were an important food source for some birds on Louisiana’s barrier Islands, the birds suffered mass death as a direct result of the hurricane.25．What can we learn from paragraph 2?A．Birds are adapting to a changing climate.B．Birds can sense the coming of a hurricane.C．Birds migrate at certain times of every year.D．Birds’ habitats are destroyed by hurricanes.26．What causes fish in south Louisiana’s Atchafalaya Basin to die after Hurricane Andrew in 1992?A．Poisonous leaves.B．Air pollution.C．A lack of oxygen.D．The loss of shelters.27．What could be the effect of hurricane-related water?A．Ocean ecosystem is destroyed.B．Sea salt production is reduced.C．Many animals move away from their habitats.D．There would be less fresh water on the earth.28．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Animals suffer more than humans during a hurricaneB．What happens to animals during a hurricane?C．Why do animals migrate earlier than usual?D．Animals might face serious threatsMauna Loa, the world’s largest active volcano, started erupting late Sunday in the U.S. island state of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The volcano last erupted 38 years ago. But it is not expected to put people in danger.At this point, melted(熔化的) rock, called lava, is predicted not to come near populated areas, but officials warned people to be ready to move away. The path of lava flows can change quickly.Island officials warned people to stay away from the areas where lava is coming out because it can shoot 30 to 60 meters in the air. The gas coming from the eruption is also harmful. At the moment, however, the state said air quality on the island is good.The eruption is a new experience for many people on the island. There are more than twice as many people living there compared to the last time Mauna Loa erupted. State officials are most concerned about an area about 50 kilometers to the south of the volcano where about 5,000 people live.There is some concern about a weak area on the southwestern part of the mountain. If lava escapes from that area, it could threaten places where people live in just hours or days. The lava has never come up through that area during past eruptions.The lava could flow toward the city of Hilo, which has about 45,000 people. That could take about a week. Scientists say they hope the lava flows like it did in 1984, when it moved slowly.Hawaii mayor is Mitch Roth. He said the eruption “will be remarkable”, but he does not think it will cause problems for people visiting Hawaii. He said many people come to Hawaii to see volcanoes, but they have to travel a long way to a national park. Now, they can see an eruption much more easily. “You can just look out your window at night and you’ll be able to see Mauna Loa erupting,” he said.29．Why did officials give people a warning?A．The way lava flows is uncertain.B．Air quality on the island isn’t good.C．The lava can shoot 60 meters at least.D．The lava will reach where people live.30．Why do some people worry about the weak area?A．It is near populated places.B．No lava has come up through it.C．Many people live there.D．It can stop eruptions.31．What does Mitch Roth agree with?A．People had better leave Hawaii soon.B．The eruption is a possible danger to visitors.C．It is convenient to watch an eruption in Hawaii.D．The eruption is a once-in-a-century natural wonder.32．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．People in Hawaii Are Ready to EscapeB．V olcanoes in Hawaii Always Attract VisitorsC．Damage of Volcano in Hawaii Is Not ClearD．World’s Largest Active V olcano Erupts in Hawaii三、词性转换四、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. NoteAmerican Decoration in the Middle of the 20th Century Home decorating has come a long way over theelements in the modern age. Some styles are still massively popular, inspiring copycat furniture that sells for thousands. Other 42 are ignored or even ridiculed.No one knows what home decoration of the future will look like. But if we look back through history, we can guess which design elements will come back—and which will disappear forever.The Great Depression affected every aspect of American life—including decoration.People were just trying to 43 during the 1930s, which didn’t leave a lot of room for non-essentials. But that doesn’t mean everyone gave up on making their homes look beautiful. A 44 living room would have a few throw rugs in interesting patterns, too. There was no one type of furniture that 45 the 1930s—curved and straight line furniture still 46 as the Art Deco style from the previous era was still popular. Plastic chairs and wingback chairs all had a place in the 1930s home. People were also likely to use what they had and not care so much about matching a certain taste.It’s impossible to describe the 1940s without mentioning World War II. During the first half of the decade,home design took a backseat to 47 the war effort. The second half was much different. Returning soldiers had something new to look forward to: new kitchens with 48 such as refrigerators, freezers, and dishwashers. Traditional wood furniture in dark or blonde tones graced every room of the home.Post-war America was a lot happier and shinier than recent decades. With a prospering middle class and a healthy economy, people had more time and money to devote to new pursuits—like decorating their houses.The unfussy furniture made popular by Charles Eames started to 49 the American household. Everything was simple and uncomplicated. Wall to wall carpeting became the most desirable type of flooring, especially in unique colours.The 60s brought about many changes to American culture and home design was no exception. People wanted to show off their unique sense of style more than ever before. Homes weren’t just seen as a 50 of how successful you were—they were also a chance to let your personality shine through home decoration.五、告知信/通知51．假设你是李华，这个周日你们学校将举行地震知识讲座，请你写一封邮件告知来自英国的交换生Jim。
雾霾产生的原因英语作文带翻译
雾霾产生的原因英语作文带翻译雾霾危害着我们的生活，那么雾霾是怎么形成的呢?大家不妨写一篇关于雾霾产生的原因英语作文说一下你的看法吧。
下面是为大家精心挑选的，关于雾霾产生的原因英语作文带翻译，希望对大家有所帮助。
雾霾产生的原因英语作文篇一Haze is air pollution in which is mixed up with dust, smoke and other dry particles ,and it obscure the clarity of the sky and interacts with the natural environment.This kind of air pollutant come from a variety of natural and manmade sources.Natural sources can include windblown dust, and soot from wildfires. Manmade sources can include motor vehicles, and industrial fuel burning, and manufacturing operations.The one of the main cause that touches off haze is manufacturing operations.Many factories were over measure produced the smog that had over the standard and the smog seriously influence the air become air pollution.翻译：阴霾是空气污染和灰尘,烟雾和其他干燥粒子,它掩盖了清晰的天空,与自然环境进行交互。
这种空气污染物来自各种自然和人为来源。
雾霾产生的英语作文
雾霾产生的英语作文The Formation and Hazards of Haze。
Haze, a type of air pollution, is a phenomenon where dust, smoke, and other dry particles obscure the clarity of the sky. It is often caused by the burning of fossil fuels, industrial emissions, and vehicle exhaust, and is a major concern for environmental and public health.The formation of haze is a complex process that involves the interaction of various pollutants and atmospheric conditions. One of the main contributors to haze is the emission of particulate matter (PM) from sources such as power plants, industrial facilities, and vehicles. These particles can range in size from coarse dust to fine soot, and when released into the atmosphere, they can remain suspended for long periods of time, leading to the formation of haze.In addition to PM, haze is also formed by the releaseof gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the combustion of fossil fuels. These gases can undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere to form secondary pollutants such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, which can contribute to the formation of haze through the production of fine particles and aerosols.The impact of haze on human health and the environment is significant. Exposure to high levels of PM and other pollutants in haze can lead to a range of health problems, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as exacerbate existing conditions such as asthma and bronchitis. In addition, haze can also have adverse effects on ecosystems, including damage to vegetation, soil, and water bodies, as well as the loss of biodiversity.To address the issue of haze, it is important to implement measures to reduce the emissions of pollutants that contribute to its formation. This can include the use of cleaner technologies and fuels in industrial processes and transportation, as well as the enforcement of regulations and standards to limit emissions from sourcessuch as power plants and vehicles. In addition, efforts to improve air quality monitoring and forecasting can help to better understand and mitigate the impacts of haze on public health and the environment.In conclusion, haze is a serious environmental and public health concern that is caused by the release of pollutants into the atmosphere. By understanding thefactors that contribute to its formation and implementing measures to reduce emissions, we can work towards improving air quality and reducing the impacts of haze on human health and the environment.。
治理雾霾措施英语作文
治理雾霾措施英语作文治理雾霾措施 (Measures to Control Haze)。
Haze, also known as smog, has become a major environmental problem in many parts of the world,especially in densely populated urban areas. Haze is a mixture of air pollutants, including particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds, that can cause a range of health problems, such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we will discuss the measures that can be taken to control haze.1. Reduce Emissions from Industrial Sources。
One of the most effective ways to control haze is to reduce emissions from industrial sources, such as factories, power plants, and transportation. This can be achieved by implementing stricter regulations on emissions, using cleaner technologies, and promoting renewable energysources. For example, some countries have introduced emissions trading schemes, which allow companies to buy and sell emissions permits, encouraging them to reduce their emissions.2. Improve Energy Efficiency。
有什么污染种类英文
有什么污染种类英文Introduction污染是指环境中存在的有害物质，对人类、动物和植物健康造成危害，并对自然生态系统产生不利影响的现象。
污染种类众多，其中一些常见的污染种类包括水污染、大气污染、土壤污染、噪音污染和光污染。
本文将用英文介绍这些污染种类。
1. Water PollutionWater pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, oceans, and groundwater, by pollutants. These pollutants can be of both natural and human origin, including industrial wastewater, sewage, agricultural runoff, and chemical spills. Water pollution can have detrimental effects on aquatic life, as well as pose risks to human health if the contaminated water is consumed.2. Air PollutionAir pollution is the presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere that can cause harm to living organisms and the environment. It is mainly caused by emissions from industrial processes, power plants, vehicles, and various combustion sources. Air pollutants include particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx),sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Prolonged exposure to air pollution can lead to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and other health issues.3. Soil PollutionSoil pollution refers to the presence of toxic chemicals or contaminants in thesoil that can adversely affect plant growth, soil fertility, and human health. It can be caused by improper disposal of industrial waste, use of agrochemicals, and improper handling of hazardous substances. Soil pollutants include heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and radioactive materials. Soil pollution can lead to the degradation of ecosystems and pose risks to food safety.4. Noise PollutionNoise pollution is excessive or disturbing noise that can be harmful to human health and cause annoyance or interference with daily activities. It is commonly generated by transportation systems, construction activities, industrial processes, and loud music. Prolonged exposure to high levels of noise can lead to hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbances, and other health problems.5. Light PollutionLight pollution is the excessive or misdirected artificial light that disrupts the natural darkness of the environment. It can be caused by outdoor lighting from streetlights, buildings, and advertising signs. Light pollution has negative impacts on wildlife, as it can disturb migration patterns, disrupt ecosystems, and interfere with animal behavior. It also contributes to energy waste and hinders stargazing opportunities.Conclusion污染是对环境和人类健康造成危害的现象。
空气污染保护作文英文翻译
空气污染保护作文英文翻译英文：Air pollution is a serious issue that we need to address in order to protect our environment and our health. There are many sources of air pollution, including emissions from vehicles, industrial processes, and burning of fossil fuels. These pollutants can have a range of negative effects on our health, from respiratory problems to cardiovascular disease.One example of air pollution that I have personally experienced is smog. I remember a time when I visited acity with heavy smog, and it was difficult to breathe and my eyes were stinging. It was a really unpleasant experience, and it made me realize just how important it is to take action to reduce air pollution.There are many ways that we can work to protect the air quality. One approach is to promote the use of clean energysources, such as wind and solar power, and to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. Another important step is to improve the fuel efficiency of vehicles and to promote public transportation and cycling as alternatives to driving.中文：空气污染是一个严重的问题，我们需要采取措施来保护我们的环境和健康。
空气污染英语作文初三
空气污染英语作文初三英文回答：Air Pollution is a major environmental issue that affects the health and well-being of millions of people around the world. It occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances are introduced into Earth's atmosphere. These substances can be natural or man-made and can include gases, particles, and biological molecules.Air pollution can have a significant impact on human health. Exposure to air pollutants can cause a range of health problems, including respiratory infections, heart disease, stroke, and cancer. Air pollution can also contribute to climate change, which can lead to increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, and floods.There are a number of different sources of air pollution. Some of the most common sources include:Industrial activities: Industrial processes, such as manufacturing, mining, and power generation, can release harmful pollutants into the air.Transportation: Vehicles, such as cars, trucks, and airplanes, emit pollutants through their exhaust systems.Residential heating and cooking: Burning fossil fuels for heating and cooking can release pollutants into the air.Agriculture: Agricultural activities, such aslivestock farming and crop cultivation, can release pollutants into the air.Air pollution can be controlled and reduced through a variety of measures. Some of the most common measures include:Reducing emissions from industrial sources: Industrial facilities can reduce emissions by using cleaner technologies, installing pollution control devices, andimproving energy efficiency.Improving vehicle fuel efficiency: Vehicles can be made more fuel-efficient by using lighter materials, improving engine design, and reducing aerodynamic drag.Promoting the use of alternative fuels: Alternative fuels, such as electric and hydrogen, can help to reduceair pollution from transportation.Adopting cleaner heating and cooking practices: Theuse of cleaner heating and cooking technologies, such as electric stoves and solar cookers, can help to reduce air pollution from residential sources.Reducing agricultural emissions: Agriculturalemissions can be reduced by using more sustainable farming practices, such as reducing fertilizer use and improving manure management.Air pollution is a serious environmental issue, but it can be controlled and reduced through a variety of measures.By working together, we can create a cleaner, healthier future for ourselves and our planet.中文回答：什么是空气污染？空气污染是指有害或过量的物质进入地球大气层的情况。
有关空气污染的报道英语作文
有关空气污染的报道英语作文Title: The Grim Reality of Air Pollution.Air pollution, a silent yet deadly enemy, has been creeping its way into our lives for decades, poisoning our atmosphere and threatening the health of millions. This invisible menace is caused by a range of anthropogenic activities, including industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and agricultural practices, among others. The consequencesof this pollution are profound, affecting not only human health but also the very ecosystems that support life on Earth.One of the most alarming aspects of air pollution isits impact on respiratory health. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and other toxic pollutants can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing chronic diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and even lung cancer. Children, the elderly,and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions are particularly vulnerable to these effects. In fact, studieshave shown that air pollution is linked to an increasedrisk of premature death from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.Beyond its direct health effects, air pollution alsohas a significant economic impact. It reduces worker productivity, increases healthcare costs, and damages crops and forests, leading to losses in agricultural productivity. The economic burden of air pollution is estimated to be staggering, with some studies putting the cost in thetrillions of dollars annually.The fight against air pollution is urgent and complex.It requires a multifaceted approach that includes reducing emissions from industrial sources, promoting clean energy alternatives, and improving air quality monitoring and management. Governments and international organizationsmust take bold action to implement policies that encourage sustainable development and reduce pollution.Individual actions also play a crucial role. Simple measures like using public transportation or cyclinginstead of private vehicles, reducing energy consumption, and planting more trees can help reduce air pollution at the local level. By making these choices, we can contribute to a cleaner, healthier environment for ourselves andfuture generations.In conclusion, air pollution is a global crisis that demands immediate attention and action. It is a complex problem that requires a combination of policy changes, technological advancements, and individual efforts to address. By working together, we can create a healthier, more sustainable world for all.The fight against air pollution is not just a battlefor clean air but also a battle for our future. It is about protecting the health of our families, ensuring a safe environment for our children, and preserving the natural beauty of our planet. Let us rise to this challenge and take bold steps to create a world where clean air is a right, not a privilege.As we move forward, it is important to remember thatevery small step counts. Each individual action we take, whether it's cycling to work, conserving energy at home, or supporting policies that promote sustainable development, adds up to create a significant impact. Together, we can make a difference and turn the tide against air pollution.Moreover, we must also recognize that the solutions to air pollution lie not just in technological fixes or policy changes but also in fundamental shifts in our lifestylesand values. We need to move towards a culture of sustainability where environmental protection is valued above short-term economic gains. This requires a conscious effort to reevaluate our choices and prioritize actionsthat align with long-term environmental sustainability.In conclusion, the fight against air pollution is a marathon, not a sprint. It requires persistence, commitment, and a willingness to make difficult choices. But therewards are immense a cleaner, healthier world for us and future generations to enjoy. Let us come together, hand in hand, and take on this challenge with resolve and hope.Together, we can breathe easier and live better in a world free from the burden of air pollution.。
有关空气污染的原因和改善措施的英语作文
有关空气污染的原因和改善措施的英语作文Air pollution has become a major environmental issue in recent years. The main reasons for air pollution are industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and burning of fossil fuels. This pollution not only harms the environment but also poses serious health risks to humans and animals.One of the main causes of air pollution is industrial activities. Factories and power plants release harmful pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the atmosphere. These pollutants contribute to smog and acid rain, which can have devastating effects on ecosystems and human health.Another major contributor to air pollution is vehicle exhaust. Cars, trucks, and other vehicles emit a variety of pollutants, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. These pollutants can worsen respiratory conditions such as asthma and contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, a key component of smog.The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is also a significant source of air pollution. When these fuels are burned for energy production, they release carbon dioxide,sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants into the air. These pollutants contribute to climate change and can have serious health impacts, including respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease.To address the issue of air pollution, it is crucial to implement various measures to reduce emissions and improve air quality. One effective solution is to invest in cleaner and renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power. By transitioning away from fossil fuels, we can reduce emissions of harmful pollutants and mitigate the impacts of climate change.Another important step is to reduce emissions from vehicles by promoting public transportation, carpooling, and biking. Encouraging the use of electric vehicles and improving fuel efficiency standards can also help reduce air pollution and improve air quality in urban areas.Furthermore, stricter regulations on industrial emissions and enforcement of pollution control measures are necessary to reduce pollution from factories and power plants. Investing in technology to capture and treat pollutants can help minimize the environmental impact of industrial activities and protect human health.In conclusion, air pollution is a pressing issue that requires immediate action to protect the environment and public health. By reducing emissions from industrial sources, vehicles, and fossil fuel combustion, we can improve air quality and create a healthier and more sustainable future for generations to come. It is important for governments, businesses, and individuals to work together to address the root causes of air pollution and implement measures to mitigate its impact on society.。
pm值与生产流程的关系
pm值与生产流程的关系PM values play a crucial role in determining the quality of the air we breathe and can have a significant impact on our health. PM, or particulate matter, refers to tiny particles in the air that can come from various sources such as vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and natural sources like dust and pollen. These particles can be classified based on their size, with and PM10 being of particular concern due to their potential to penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, causing respiratory and cardiovascular issues.PM值对我们呼吸的空气质量起着至关重要的作用，对我们的健康可能会产生重大影响。
PM，或颗粒物质，指的是空气中来自各种来源的微小颗粒，例如汽车尾气、工业过程，以及像灰尘和花粉这样的自然来源。
这些颗粒可以根据其大小进行分类，和PM10尤为引人关注，因为它们有可能深入肺部甚至进入血液循环，导致呼吸道和心血管问题。
The relationship between PM values and the production process is a complex one, as many factors can influence the amount of particulate matter emitted during manufacturing. Industrial activitieslike burning fossil fuels, operating machinery, and processing raw materials can lead to the release of PM particles into the air. Improper waste disposal, lack of proper ventilation systems, and inefficient dust control measures can exacerbate the problem, leading to higher levels of particulate matter in the surrounding environment.PM值与生产流程之间的关系是复杂的，许多因素可能会影响制造过程中释放的颗粒物数量。
工业排放废气的英语作文
工业排放废气的英语作文标题，The Impact of Industrial Emissions on the Environment。
Industrial emissions refer to the release of harmful gases, particulate matter, and other pollutants into the atmosphere as a result of industrial activities. This issue has garnered widespread attention due to its detrimental effects on the environment and human health. In this essay, we will delve into the various aspects of industrial emissions, their impact on the environment, and potential solutions to mitigate their effects.Firstly, industrial emissions contribute significantly to air pollution. Factories, power plants, and manufacturing facilities release pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) into the air. These pollutants can lead to respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and even premature death among exposed populations.Additionally, they contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain, further deteriorating air quality and harming ecosystems.Moreover, industrial emissions are a major contributor to climate change. The combustion of fossil fuels in industrial processes releases greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, leading to global warming and climate disruptions. Rising temperatures result in more frequent and severe weather events, melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and disruptions to ecosystems and biodiversity.Furthermore, industrial emissions have adverse effects on water and soil quality. Pollutants emitted into the air can be deposited onto land and water bodies through processes like atmospheric deposition and rain. This can contaminate soil, surface water, and groundwater, posing risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Chemical pollutants can bioaccumulate in the food chain, eventually reaching humans through consumption of contaminated food and water.In addition to environmental impacts, industrial emissions also have economic repercussions. Poor airquality and environmental degradation can negatively affect tourism, agriculture, and other industries dependent on clean environments. Healthcare costs related to air pollution-related illnesses can burden public health systems and reduce productivity.To address the issue of industrial emissions, concerted efforts are required from governments, industries, and individuals. Governments should enact and enforce stringent environmental regulations to limit emissions fromindustrial sources. This may include implementing emissions standards, promoting the use of cleaner technologies, and providing incentives for companies to reduce their environmental footprint.Industries, on their part, should invest in cleaner production methods and technologies to minimize emissions. This may involve transitioning to renewable energy sources, implementing energy efficiency measures, and adoptingsustainable practices throughout the production process. Collaboration between industries, academia, and government agencies is essential to develop and deploy innovative solutions to reduce emissions effectively.Furthermore, individuals can contribute to mitigating industrial emissions through lifestyle changes and advocacy. Simple actions such as reducing energy consumption, using public transportation, and supporting environmentally responsible products can help reduce the demand for goods and services that contribute to industrial pollution. Additionally, raising awareness about the importance of environmental conservation and advocating for policies that prioritize sustainability can drive positive change at the societal level.In conclusion, industrial emissions pose significant challenges to the environment, human health, and the economy. Addressing this issue requires a multi-faceted approach involving government regulation, industry initiatives, and individual actions. By working together,we can mitigate the impacts of industrial emissions andcreate a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable future for generations to come.Total Word Count: 508 words。
英语作文 pm2.5
英语作文 pm2.5PM2.5。
PM2.5, also known as particulate matter 2.5, refers to tiny particles or droplets in the air that are two and ahalf microns or less in width. These particles can be made up of various substances, including dust, dirt, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets. PM2.5 is a major air pollutant that poses serious health risks to humans and the environment.First and foremost, PM2.5 can have detrimental effects on human health. When inhaled, these tiny particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, leading to a wide range of health problems. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as coughing, sneezing, and shortness of breath. Long-term exposure, on the other hand, has been linked to more serious health issues such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, including asthma, bronchitis, heart attacks, and even premature death.Children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of PM2.5.Furthermore, PM2.5 not only affects human health but also has a significant impact on the environment. Thesetiny particles can reduce visibility, leading to hazy conditions and decreased air quality. They can also contribute to acid rain and the acidification of water bodies, which can harm aquatic life and ecosystems. Additionally, PM2.5 can settle on soil and water, affecting the growth of plants and contaminating food and water supplies. It can also contribute to the warming of the atmosphere and climate change, as some particles can absorb or scatter sunlight.In order to address the issue of PM2.5 pollution, it is important to understand its sources. PM2.5 can be generated from both natural and human activities. Natural sources include dust storms, wildfires, and volcanic eruptions, while human activities such as industrial processes, vehicle emissions, construction, and burning of fossilfuels are major contributors to PM2.5 pollution. Therefore, it is crucial to implement measures to reduce PM2.5 emissions and exposure.One effective way to reduce PM2.5 pollution is to improve air quality standards and regulations. Governments and environmental agencies can set stricter limits on PM2.5 emissions from industrial facilities and vehicles, as well as enforce the use of cleaner technologies and fuels. In addition, promoting the use of public transportation, carpooling, and cycling can help reduce vehicle emissions and lower PM2.5 levels in urban areas. Furthermore, increasing the use of renewable energy sources such assolar and wind power can help reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and decrease PM2.5 emissions from power plants.Individuals can also take steps to protect themselves from the harmful effects of PM2.5 pollution. Wearing masks, especially on days with high levels of PM2.5, can help reduce exposure to these tiny particles. It is also important to stay indoors during times of high PM2.5 levels, especially for vulnerable populations. Using air purifiersand keeping indoor air clean can also help reduce the health risks associated with PM2.5 pollution.In conclusion, PM2.5 is a significant air pollutant that poses serious health risks to humans and the environment. It is important to address the sources ofPM2.5 pollution and take measures to reduce emissions in order to protect public health and the well-being of the planet. By working together to improve air quality and reduce PM2.5 pollution, we can create a healthier and more sustainable environment for future generations.。
空气被污染英文怎么写作文
空气被污染英文怎么写作文Air pollution is a serious problem in many citiesaround the world. The air we breathe is filled with harmful pollutants that can have a negative impact on our health. 。
The main sources of air pollution include emissionsfrom vehicles, industrial processes, and the burning offossil fuels. These pollutants can lead to respiratory problems, heart disease, and even cancer.In addition to the health effects, air pollution also has a significant impact on the environment. It can lead to acid rain, which can harm plants, animals, and bodies of water. It can also contribute to climate change by trapping heat in the atmosphere.Efforts to reduce air pollution include the use of cleaner fuels, the development of renewable energy sources, and the implementation of stricter emissions standards. However, more needs to be done to address this criticalissue.It is important for individuals to take steps to reduce their own contribution to air pollution, such as using public transportation, carpooling, and conserving energy at home. Collectively, these small actions can make a big difference in improving air quality.。
2023日本排放和污水,保护海洋英语作文
2023日本排放和污水,保护海洋英语作文Protecting the Marine Environment: Japan's Efforts to Reduce Emissions and Sewage in 2023As an island nation surrounded by the vast Pacific Ocean, Japan has long been dependent on marine resources for its economy and way of life. However, in recent years, the country has faced increasing challenges from pollution and environmental degradation, particularly in the form of emissions and sewage that threaten the health of its oceans. In response, the Japanese government has taken a series of measures to combat these issues and protect its marine environment for future generations.One of the key challenges facing Japan in 2023 is the problem of emissions from industrial sources, transportation, and agriculture. These emissions, which include pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter, can have a range of negative impacts on the marine environment, including acidification, eutrophication, and the formation of harmful algal blooms. To address this issue, the Japanese government has implemented a number of policies aimed at reducing emissions and improving air quality across the country.One of the most significant of these policies is the promotion of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, as well as the development of energy-efficient technologies and transportation systems. By reducing its reliance on fossil fuels and transitioning to cleaner sources of energy, Japan aims to decrease its overall emissions and mitigate the impacts of air pollution on the marine environment. Additionally, the government has introduced stricter regulations on industrial emissions and vehicle emissions to ensure that businesses and individuals are complying with environmental standards.In addition to reducing emissions, Japan has also been taking steps to address the issue of sewage pollution in its coastal waters. Sewage, which can contain a variety of pollutants, including bacteria, chemicals, and nutrients, poses a significant threat to the health of marine ecosystems and can lead to the degradation of water quality and the loss of biodiversity. To combat this problem, the Japanese government has implemented a number of measures to improve its sewage treatment infrastructure and reduce the discharge of untreated sewage into the ocean.One of the key initiatives in this area is the promotion of advanced wastewater treatment technologies, such asmembrane bioreactors and ozonation systems, which can effectively remove pollutants from sewage and producehigh-quality effluent that is safe to discharge into the environment. In addition, the government has invested in the construction of new sewage treatment plants and the upgrading of existing facilities to ensure that all wastewater is treated to the highest standards before being released into the ocean.Furthermore, the Japanese government has been working to raise awareness among the public about the importance of proper sewage management and the impacts of pollution on the marine environment. Through public education campaigns, community outreach programs, and partnerships with local environmental organizations, Japan has been able to engage citizens in the protection of their coastal waters and encourage responsible behavior when it comes to the disposal of wastewater. By fostering a culture of environmental stewardship and promoting sustainable practices, the country hopes to create a lasting legacy of clean and healthy oceans for future generations to enjoy.In conclusion, Japan is making significant strides in its efforts to reduce emissions and sewage pollution in 2023 and protect its marine environment for the long term. By implementing acombination of regulatory, technological, and educational initiatives, the country is taking a proactive approach to addressing environmental challenges and ensuring the sustainability of its coastal waters. As a global leader in marine conservation, Japan serves as a model for other countries looking to protect their oceans and preserve the beauty and biodiversity of the world's marine ecosystems.。
阻止空气被污染英语作文
阻止空气被污染英语作文Title: Preventing Air Pollution: A Call to Action。
Air pollution is a critical issue that demands immediate attention and concerted efforts from individuals, communities, and governments worldwide. The detrimental effects of air pollution on human health, the environment, and ecosystems are well-documented, making it imperative to take proactive measures to mitigate its impact. In this essay, we will explore various strategies and initiatives aimed at preventing air pollution and preserving thequality of our air.First and foremost, promoting awareness and education about the causes and consequences of air pollution is essential. By empowering individuals with knowledge, they can make informed choices and adopt behaviors that contribute to reducing pollution levels. Educational campaigns in schools, communities, and through media channels can raise awareness about the sources of airpollution, such as vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and household practices like burning solid fuels.In addition to education, stringent regulations and policies are necessary to curb air pollution effectively. Governments play a pivotal role in implementing and enforcing environmental laws that limit emissions from industries, vehicles, and other sources. Measures such as emission standards for vehicles, smokestack scrubbers in factories, and restrictions on burning waste are crucial steps in preventing air pollution. Moreover, incentivizing the adoption of clean technologies and renewable energy sources can further reduce pollution levels and promote sustainable development.Furthermore, fostering a culture of sustainability and environmental stewardship is paramount in preventing air pollution. Encouraging individuals and businesses to embrace eco-friendly practices, such as recycling, energy conservation, and using public transportation, can significantly reduce their carbon footprint. Community-based initiatives, such as tree planting campaigns andclean-up drives, not only improve air quality but also foster a sense of collective responsibility towards the environment.Moreover, investing in green infrastructure and urban planning is essential for creating healthier and more livable cities. Designing walkable neighborhoods, expanding public green spaces, and promoting cycling infrastructure can help reduce reliance on motor vehicles and mitigate traffic-related emissions. Furthermore, integrating green building practices, such as energy-efficient design and renewable energy systems, into construction projects can minimize pollution from buildings and infrastructure.Additionally, promoting sustainable agriculture practices can mitigate air pollution resulting from agricultural activities. Implementing precision farming techniques, reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide use, and adopting organic farming methods can minimize agricultural emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Furthermore, supporting small-scale farmers and promoting agroecology can contribute to both environmentalconservation and food security.Lastly, fostering international cooperation and collaboration is crucial in addressing transboundary air pollution issues. Air pollutants can travel long distances and affect regions far beyond their point of origin, necessitating coordinated efforts among countries to tackle common environmental challenges. By sharing knowledge, resources, and best practices, nations can work together to combat air pollution on a global scale and safeguard the health and well-being of present and future generations.In conclusion, preventing air pollution requires amulti-faceted approach that encompasses education, regulation, innovation, and collective action. By raising awareness, implementing effective policies, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering international cooperation, we can mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution and create a cleaner and healthier environmentfor all. It is imperative that we act decisively and responsibly to protect our air quality and preserve the planet for future generations.。
环境健康小作文英语
环境健康小作文英语Title: Promoting Environmental Health: A Call to Action。
In today's rapidly evolving world, the importance of environmental health cannot be overstated. From air and water quality to the preservation of ecosystems, the health of our environment directly impacts the well-being of all living organisms, including humans. Therefore, it is imperative that we take proactive measures to address environmental issues and promote a sustainable future.One of the most pressing environmental concerns facing our planet is air pollution. The burning of fossil fuels, industrial activities, and vehicle emissions all contribute to the release of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. These pollutants not only degrade air quality but also pose serious health risks to humans, including respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular diseases. In order to combatair pollution, we must prioritize the transition to clean and renewable energy sources, invest in publictransportation infrastructure, and implement stricter regulations on emissions from industrial facilities and vehicles.Another critical aspect of environmental health is the quality of our water resources. Access to clean and safe drinking water is essential for human health and well-being. However, pollution from industrial runoff, agricultural chemicals, and improper waste disposal threatens theintegrity of our waterways and groundwater supplies. To safeguard water quality, we must enforce regulations to prevent pollution, invest in water treatment infrastructure, and promote sustainable agricultural practices thatminimize chemical runoff and soil erosion.In addition to addressing specific sources of pollution, we must also focus on preserving and restoring natural ecosystems. Ecosystems provide essential services such as carbon sequestration, water filtration, and habitat for biodiversity. However, deforestation, habitat destruction, and urbanization are putting immense pressure on thesefragile ecosystems. By protecting natural habitats,reforesting degraded lands, and implementing sustainable land-use practices, we can help mitigate the negative impacts of human activities on the environment and ensure the long-term health of ecosystems.Furthermore, it is crucial to raise awareness and educate the public about environmental issues and the importance of conservation. Through environmental education initiatives, community outreach programs, and public advocacy campaigns, we can empower individuals to make informed choices and take action to protect the environment. By fostering a culture of environmental stewardship, we can inspire collective action and drive positive change on a global scale.In conclusion, environmental health is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires collective action and collaboration at all levels of society. By addressing air and water pollution, preserving natural ecosystems, and promoting environmental awareness, we can create ahealthier and more sustainable future for generations tocome. Together, we have the power to protect our planet and ensure the well-being of all its inhabitants.。
未来空气会被污染英语作文
未来空气会被污染英语作文Title: The Future of Air Pollution。
Air pollution is a critical issue that continues to threaten the health and well-being of our planet. Despite efforts to mitigate its impact, the future of air quality remains uncertain. In this essay, we will explore the potential reasons behind the persistence of air pollution and discuss possible solutions to address this pressing concern.Firstly, the rapid industrialization and urbanization witnessed globally are significant contributors to air pollution. As economies grow and populations increase, the demand for energy rises, leading to higher emissions of pollutants from industrial facilities, vehicles, and power plants. Additionally, urban areas with dense populations and extensive transportation networks often experience elevated levels of pollution due to vehicular exhaust and industrial activities.Secondly, the reliance on fossil fuels for energy production remains a major obstacle in combating air pollution. Despite advancements in renewable energy technologies, fossil fuels continue to dominate the global energy mix. The burning of coal, oil, and natural gas releases harmful pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, contributing to air pollution and climate change.Furthermore, agricultural practices, particularly livestock farming and the use of chemical fertilizers, also play a role in air pollution. Livestock emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas, while the application of fertilizers releases ammonia and nitrous oxide into the air. These agricultural emissions, along with deforestation and land-use changes, exacerbate air quality issues and contribute to environmental degradation.In addition to anthropogenic sources, natural phenomena such as wildfires and volcanic eruptions can also worsenair quality temporarily. While these events are part of theEarth's natural processes, their frequency and intensity may be influenced by climate change, further complicating efforts to control air pollution.To address the challenges posed by air pollution, concerted efforts are required at the local, national, and international levels. Governments must implement and enforce stringent environmental regulations to limit emissions from industrial sources and promote the adoption of cleaner technologies. Investing in public transportation infrastructure, promoting energy efficiency measures, and incentivizing renewable energy deployment are also crucial steps in reducing air pollution from transportation and energy sectors.Furthermore, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers can help minimize agricultural emissions. Reforestation efforts and the preservation of natural ecosystems are essentialfor mitigating the impacts of air pollution and enhancing air quality.Education and awareness campaigns can also play a significant role in fostering a culture of environmental stewardship and encouraging individuals to adopt eco-friendly behaviors. By empowering communities to take action and advocating for sustainable policies, we can work towards a cleaner and healthier future for our planet.In conclusion, the issue of air pollution remains a significant challenge that requires urgent attention and collective action. By addressing the root causes of pollution and implementing effective strategies to reduce emissions, we can safeguard the health of both current and future generations. Let us strive to build a world where clean air is a fundamental right for all.。
空气污染翻译英语作文
空气污染翻译英语作文Title: The Impact of Air Pollution。
Air pollution is a pressing global issue that poses significant threats to human health, the environment, and the economy. This essay aims to explore the causes, effects, and potential solutions to mitigate the detrimental impacts of air pollution.First and foremost, the primary sources of airpollution include emissions from vehicles, industrial activities, agricultural practices, and the burning offossil fuels. These activities release various pollutants into the atmosphere, such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO).The consequences of air pollution are manifold and far-reaching. One of the most immediate effects is on human health. Exposure to air pollutants can lead to respiratorydiseases, cardiovascular problems, and even premature death. Vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions are particularly at risk. Moreover, air pollution can also degrade the quality of soil and water, disrupt ecosystems, and harm biodiversity.Furthermore, air pollution has significant socio-economic implications. It can reduce agricultural yields, damage infrastructure, and decrease labor productivity dueto illnesses and absenteeism. Additionally, the healthcare costs associated with treating air pollution-related illnesses impose a substantial burden on public health systems and economies.To address the challenges posed by air pollution, multifaceted strategies are required. Firstly,transitioning to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower can help reduce reliance on fossilfuels and curb emissions from power plants. Additionally, implementing stricter emissions standards for vehicles and industries, along with investing in cleaner technologies,can significantly reduce air pollutant emissions.Furthermore, promoting public transportation, cycling, and walking can help decrease the number of vehicles on the road, thereby reducing traffic-related emissions. Green spaces and urban planning measures such as planting trees and creating pedestrian-friendly zones can also contribute to improving air quality in cities.Moreover, international cooperation and policy coordination are essential to address transboundary air pollution effectively. Collaborative efforts to enforce emissions reduction targets, share technological innovations, and promote sustainable development practices can help mitigate the global impacts of air pollution.In conclusion, air pollution is a complex and pervasive problem that requires concerted efforts from governments, industries, communities, and individuals to address effectively. By adopting comprehensive strategies aimed at reducing emissions, promoting clean energy alternatives, and enhancing environmental stewardship, we can safeguardpublic health, protect ecosystems, and build a more sustainable future for generations to come.。
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• Conclusions
French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe
n/a
50
PCDD/F
70
65
Reference: EIPPCB Iron & Steel BREF January 2019
French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe
7
Inertisation as an End of Pipe Measure Example: Blast Furnace Operation - Fume Suppression During Casting
9
Economic Aspects of Dust Suppression Systems
Reference: EIPPCB Iron & Steel BREF January 2019
French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe
11
Collection Efficiency of Secondary Emissions
Example: Basic Oxygen Steelmaking
Reference: EIPPCB Iron & Steel BREF January 2019
French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe
Dust emissionsinto ambient air [kg/d]
Conventional dedusting 1.6
546 (after dedusting, emissionlimit: 50 mg/m3 (STP))
Dust suppression 0.02
144(without further dedusting)
12
Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions from Industrial Sources
Summary
• Depending on the sector, major contributions result from fugitive emission sources. • Process integrated measures often entail multi-pollutant emission reduction. • EoP Measures: Encapsulation of dust emission sources can lead to significant
2
Major Contributors to PM Emissions from Industry
• Mining of coal, lignite, metal ores • Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products
(Cement, lime, glass, bricks and tiles) • Manufacture of basic metals
Reference:
4
3
Emission Control
2
at Stationary Sources
1
in the Federal Republic
of Germany,Volume II
DFIU/IFARE 2019
French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe
6
Emission Optimised Sintering - Multi-Pollutant Emission Reduction
Emission reduction (by mass) resulting from EOS
(compared to conventional sintering)
(Iron and steel, non-ferrous metals) • Manufacture of basic chemicals / fertilisers • Manufacture of wood products
(Chipboard, fibreboard) • Manufacture of food products
10
Control of Secondary Emissions Primary and secondary off-gases from a converter
Primary hood
Secondary hood
Converter
Pig iron ladle
French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe
French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe
4
Particulate Matter Emissions from Pig Iron Production
Contribution of Fugitive Emissions
Fugitive Emissions Highly uncertain information; estimated fractions:
Storage and handling
20 %ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้PM10
Industrial building venting
up to 75 % PM10
Reference: Remus R.: Feinstaub - Entstehung und Quellen der Feinstaubemissionen Neue gesetzliche Regelungen; VDI Berichte 1478, 2019
Reference: Emission Control at Stationary Sources in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume II, DFIU/IFARE 2019
French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe
University of Karlsruhe (TH), Germany
Workshop of the UN/ECE Task Force on Integrated Assessment Modeling on the Potential and Costs for Controlling Primary Emissions of Fine Particulate Matter
Particulate Matter Emissions from Industrial Sources (With the Iron & Steel Industry as an Example)
U. Karl, O. Rentz French-German Institute for Environmental Research (DFIU/IFARE)
Direct Emissions Depending on dust control equipment
Fabric filters
Electrostatic precipitators Scrubbers Cyclones
95 - 98 % PM10
95 % PM10 90 % PM10 50 - 60 % PM10
advantages compared to suction hoods and conventional dust abatement. • Concerning the abatement of secondary emissions the collection efficiency
Contents
• Introduction - Major sources of PM emissions in industry
• Fine Particulate Matter - Fractions of PM 10 in emissions from direct and fugitive emission sources
(Mills, sugar production) • Waste incineration
French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe
3
Fractions of Fine Particulate Matter
Laxenburg, 23 - 24 November 2000
French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe
1
Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions from Industrial Sources