2015年上海高考 排版后
2015年高考上海卷语文试题逐题详解(教师精校版)
2015年高考上海卷语文试题逐题详解（教师精校版）一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1——6题。
（17分）地图与理论模型①工程师在设计汽车时会按比例制作汽车模型，这种实物模型可以直观地呈现出汽车的构造，而且可以让一些实验更加便捷。
举办一场宴会前，我们会思考应该邀请谁参加、需要准备哪些食物等，这是我们其实也构建了一个模型。
这种模型与汽车模型不同，它不是一种实物，而是一种“理论”。
科学家的工作与此相似，也是构建某种理论模型，只是这类模型的特点理解起来比较困难。
②地图也是一种模型，地图与理论模型的类比有助于我们了解理论模型的特点。
我们先来做一个练习。
请看一张某大学校园的局部地图：③这张地图的右边画有一个箭头。
请问：箭头指示的东西是什么？④人们通常会回答：箭头指示的是一幢建筑。
如果我说这答案不仅是错的，而且根本不着边，你会怎样想？你肯定会怀疑这是个把戏。
没错，你的怀疑是正确的，但这个把戏的背后却是最为核心的问题。
⑤正确的答案是，箭头指示的是一个矩形图框。
这就是真正为箭头所指的东西。
人们会回答箭头指向了一幢建筑物，是因为根据地图和与之对应的实际环境，矩形图框显然表示一幢建筑物，但建筑物只是矩形图框所表示的物体，而不是矩形图框本身。
⑥这个练习的目的是指出地图与其所表示的对象不是一码事。
当然，这只是一个把戏，生活中没有人会混淆地图上的一个矩形框和现实中的一幢建筑。
毕竟．．，你可以将一张街道地图折起来放进你的口袋，却不可能把一个街道折起来放进口袋。
而理论模型与客观对象间的差别却容易被人忽略，这需要我们格外注意。
⑦我们都知道地图和它所表示的对象是不同的，但二者之间又存在着重要的联系。
那么，地图是如何与一个特定空间发生联系的呢？⑧第一，地图与它所表示的对象在结构上具有特定相似性。
就地图而言，结构的特定相似性是空间上的。
例如，地图中的线条的空间关系，与地图所表示的街道的空间关系相对应。
⑨第二，我们拥有一套社会约定来绘制和阅读地图。
2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word-完整精校版)
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A）Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _____ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car spot earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I s aw the same lady (28) _____ (look) in at me. “Hello,” she said, hesitantly. “This (29) _____ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) _____ her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” (31) _____ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) _____ (nice) gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpful Hannah,I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago, and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) _____ (check) for text messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea (34) _____ there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in arestaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) _____ _____ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see (36) _____ is contacting him is just too great. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37) _____ (ignore) me, he says, “In a minute,” but still checks to see if (38) _____ has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) _____ (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Maybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.I recently read an article about “nomophobia,” (40) _____ is a real illness people can suffer from: the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired Sadie Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Considering how much time people spend in offices, it is important that work spaces be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers, and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 , customers. They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environment.” These 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies（等级制度）have flattened, or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Offices and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that 46 workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places, and upgraded employees’47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands, including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies, and technological innovation（especially in relation to computerization）. These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors（内饰）that in some way enhance, establish, or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best.All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good marriage --- the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly madefor each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect a deep interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. The53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individ uality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. tested B. imposed C. changed D. created55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotions B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. asses65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritatingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of folk art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing weeks called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of artistic freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechseläuten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Böögg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Böögg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After thebells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “The heyday of the snowman” (paragra ph 4) means the time when___________.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary BunnyThe Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine (粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it.The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny.To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate theBritish sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it!70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer’s opinion of actingC. The writer’s comments on the storyD. The background information71. According to the film review, “the monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It’s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to understand,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius’s sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organising.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business: when and how do youresist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Rude74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakesp eare’s playsC. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivationD. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth-sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills（运动技能）; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté(2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g., in the street, on aplaying field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their behavior (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with new or different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although the drills used in deliberate practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to________________.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)物理试题
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海物理试卷本试卷共7页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
全卷包括六大题，第一、第二大题为单项选择题，第三大题为多项选择题，第四大题为填空题，第五大题为实验题，第六大题为计算题。
考生注意：1、答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
2、第一、第二和第三大题的作答必须用2B铅笔涂在答题纸上相应区域内与试卷题号对应的位置，需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
第四、第五和第六大题的作答必须用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置（作图可用铅笔）。
3、第30、31、32、33题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分。
有关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
一．单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确选项。
）1．X射线（A）不是电磁波（B）具有反射和折射的特性（C）只能在介质中传播（D）不能发生干涉和衍射2．如图，P为桥墩，A为靠近桥墩浮在水面的叶片，波源S连续振动，形成水波，此时叶片A静止不动。
为使水波能带动叶片振动，可用的方法是（A）提高波源频率（B）降低波源频率（C）增加波源距桥墩的距离（D）减小波源距桥墩的距离3．如图，鸟沿虚线斜向上加速飞行，空气对其作用力可能是（A）F1（B）F2（C）F2（D）F44．一定质量的理想气体在升温过程中（A）分子平均势能减小（B）每个分子速率都增大（C）分子平均动能增大（D）分子间作用力先增大后减小5．铀核可以发生衰变和裂变，铀核的 （A ）衰变和裂变都能自发发生 （B ）衰变和裂变都不能自发发生 （C ）衰变能自发发生而裂变不能自发发生 （D ）衰变不能自发发生而裂变能自发发生6．23290Th 经过一系列α衰变和β衰变后变成20882Pb ，则20882Pb 比23290Th 少 （A ）16个中子，8个质子 （B ）8个中子，l6个质子 （C ）24个中子，8个质子（D ）8个中子，24个质子7．在α粒子散射实验中，电子对α粒子运动的影响可以忽略。
2015年高考试题及答案(上海卷)
2015年高考试题及答案（上海卷）高三2015-06-10 10:572015年高考试题及答案（上海卷）考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
4．考试时间150分钟，试卷满分150分。
一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1-6题。
（16分）应该正确对待文献综述熊易寒①在很长一段时间里，国内学术界都不大重视文献综述。
近年来随着学术规范的逐步建立，这种情况有所转变，不过大多数综述都是罗列式的，报幕似地把相关研究一个一个列出来，丝毫感觉不到这些文献之间存在任何内在的关联，甚至也感觉不到这些文献与作者本人的研究有何相干。
这样的综述机械、突兀，有生拼硬凑之嫌，称之为“伪综述”亦不为过。
②阅读国际上的顶级学术刊物，有这么几个发现：一、书评以外的论文□有比较翔实的文献综述；二、专门的文献综述性文章□是由该领域的一流学者撰写；三、对相关著作的征引□采取间接引用的形式，很少直接引用。
这与国内的情形很不一样，值得我们思考。
③为什么必须有文献综述？一篇优秀的文献综述其实就是一幅学术谱系图。
写文献综述不仅是为了陈述以往的相关研究，也不仅仅是为了表示对前辈、同行或知识产权的尊重，更是为了“认祖归宗”，对自己的研究进行定位。
有时候只有把一篇文献放到学术史的脉络中去，放到学术传统中去，我们才能真正理解这个文本：作者为什么要做这项研究？他的问题意识是什么？他试图与谁对话？我们在开始一项研究时也同样要有问题意识和对话意识，不能自说自话。
对话的前提自然是倾听，如果连别人说了什么都不知道，如何进行对话？正是在倾听的过程中，我们发现了“问题”，才需要与对方进行讨论，否则便无话可说。
通过综述的写作，我们就会知道：别人贡献了什么？我打算或者能够贡献什么？我是否在重复劳动？从这个意义上讲，撰写文献综述首先是为了尊重并真正进入一个学术传统，其次才是利他主义功能——为他人提供文献检索的路线图。
2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word-完整精校版)
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷（已反复核对，希望最大限度保证准确）考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Impatient. B. Confused. C. Pleased. D. Regretful.2. A. At a bus stop. B. At a laundry. C. At the dentist’s. D. At the Chemist’s.3. A. An actor. B. A salesman. C. A translator. D. A writer.4. A. he lost his ClAssmAte’s homework. B. he CAn’t help the woman with her math.C. he Broke the womAn’s CAlCulAtor.D. he doesn’t know where the “on” Button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter.B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislikes the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea w here to find the mAn’s exAm result.B. she isn’t Allowed to tell students their grAdes.C. dr. white hAsn’t finished grAding the pApers.d. dr. white doesn’t wAnt to Be ContACted while he’s AwAy.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory. B. Find a person to share their apartment.C. Clean the room with the roommate.D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. BoB won’t tAke her AdviCe.B. BoB doesn’t wAnt to go ABroAd.C. she doesn’t think BoB should study overseAs.d. she hAsn’t tAlked to BoB sinCe he went abroad.9. A. the snACk BAr isn’t usuAlly so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library. d. snACks Aren’t Allowed inthe library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It help s CAre for Customers’ dogs. B. you hAve to Buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there. B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She d oesn’t like to Be Alone.13. A. A new kind of café. B. A new brand of coffee.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10% B. 12% C. 6% D. 7%16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives. B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A）Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found wAs Convenient, But i’d notiCed A womAn in A Blue CAr CirCling for a while. (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.pretty soon i’d mAde my wAy through the supermArket And wAs BACk in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _____ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just As i ApproAChed my CAr, i sAw the womAn i’d let hAve my CAr spot earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I saw the s Ame lAdy (28) _____ (look) in At me. “hello,” she sAid, hesitAntly. “this (29) _____ sound CrAzy But i wAs on my wAy to drop some of my mother’s things off At the ChArity Bins. you Are Just so muCh (30) _____ her. You helped those people, I noticed, and yo u seemed so hAppy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window.“i think she would like you to hAve it.” (31) _____ (shoCk), i took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with A lArge grey peArl. it wAs (32) _____ (niCe) gift i’d ever reCeived, And it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpful Hannah,i’ve g ot a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago, and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) _____ (check) for text messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! he’s so AddiCted to it thAt he Just CAn’t stAnd the ideA (34) _____ there mAy Be An importAnt text. he CAn’t help CheCking even At inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) _____ _____ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. the temptAtion to see (36) _____ is ContACting him is Just too great. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37) _____ (ignore) me, he sAys, “in A minute,” But still CheCks to see if (38) _____ hAs posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) _____ (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Maybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.i reCently reAd An ArtiCle ABout “nomophoBiA,” (40) _____ is A reAl illness people can suffer from: the fear of being without your phone! Iam worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels Anxious if he doesn’t hAve his phone with him, even for A short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired SadieSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Considering how much time people spend in offices, it is important that work spaces be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help CreAte A CorporAtion’s imAge. they motivAte workers, And they mAke An impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 , customers. They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strAtegiC mAnAgement environment.” these 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies（等级制度）have flattened, or decreased,offiCe designers’ response to this ChAnge hA s been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Offices and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that 46 workstations. Designers hAve Also CreAted informAl gAthering plACes, And upgrAded employees’47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands, including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies, and technological innovation （especially in relation to computerization）. These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors（内饰）that in some way enhAnCe, estABlish, or promote A CompAny’s imAge And will enABle employees to 49 at their best.All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good marriage --- the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect a deep interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. the53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they Could get A sense of eACh other’s individuAlity. then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understandingof attraction. Many animals give off pheromones —natural chemicalsthat can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal iseither ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously,we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, includingseeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judgefaces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face,yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as peoplewho had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. tested B. imposed C. changed D. created55. A.B. virtuesC. similaritiesD. passions appearances56. A.B. implicationsC. ingredientsD. intentions illustrations57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. questionB. EyeC. HeartD. Hand60. A.NoseB. alertC. resistantD. superior61. A.open62. A.B. amazedC. confusedD. gifted disappointedC. individualityD. signals63. A. emotions B.attractiveness64. A.B. possessC. maintainD. asses enhanceB. plainC. positiveD. irritating65. A.familiarSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one thatfits best according to the information given in the passage you havejust read.(A)l ook to mAny of history’s CulturAl symBols, And there you’ll find An ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared onsome of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humAnity’s eArliest forms of folk art during several years of research around the world.F or example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of florenCe, itAly, to Build A snowmAn in his mAnsion’s CourtyArd.T he Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing weeks called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a refleCtion of people’s imAginAtion. for the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of artistic freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.I f you fear the heyday of the snowman hAs pAssed, don’t worry: i’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechseläuten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Böögg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Böögg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood.After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “the heydAy of the snowmAn” (pArAgrA ph 4) means the time when___________.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary BunnyT he Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine (粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, And if you wAtCh it, you’ll understAnd why. it’s An ABsolutely BrilliAnt cartoon comedy.C heese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have stArted A CompAny to proteCt the town’s vegetA bles from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable Competition,an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it.T he screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny.T o sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitABle for Both Children And Adults. if you liked wAllACe And gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. don’t miss it!70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. the writer’s opinion of actingC. the writer’s Comments on the storyD. The background information71. According to the film review, “the monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. it’s full of wit And humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.(C)O ne of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the deAth of Julius CAesAr. “Brutus wAs not An honorABle mAn,” he sAid. “he wAs A traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in Cold Blood.” the Agreement wAs thAt Brutus hAd ACted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar wAs nevertheless his superior. “you hAve to understAnd,” the exeCutives sAid, “our poliCy is to oBey the ChAin of CommAnd.”D uring the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting shAkespeAre’s wisdom for profitABle ends. none more so thAn husBAnd and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White Hous e, who stArted up A trAining CompAny CAlled “movers And shAkespeAres”. they Are AmAteur shAkespeAre sCholArs And Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.T he workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as akind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for exAmple, CAssius’s sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organising.A lthough neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explAnAtion of henry’s winning strAtegy At the BAttle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, sAying “the noBlest romAn of them All” Couldn’t mAke his mind up ABout things.M any of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the plAy thAt they felt to Be relAted. CAesAr’s pride, whiCh led to his murder, And Brutus’s mistAkes in leAding the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business: when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Rude74. ACCording to the pAssAge, the AdelmAns set up “movers And shAkespeAres” to ________.A. help exeCutives to understAnd shAkespeAre’s plAys BetterB. give AdviCe on leAdership By AnAlyzing shAkespeAre’s plAysC. provide CAse studies of shAkespeAre’s plAys in literAture workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in shAkespeAre’s plAys.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A. the AdelmAns’ progrAmm e proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of shAkespeAre’s plAys.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. shAkespeAre’s plAys: exeCutives reConsider CorporAte CultureB. shAkespeAre’s plAys: An essentiAl key to Business suCCessC. shAkespeAre’s plAys: A lesson for Business motivAt iond. shAkespeAre’s plAys: drAmAtiC trAining Brings drAmAtiC resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Y outh sport has the potential to accomplish three important oBJeCtives in Children’s development. first, sport progrAms provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth-sport programs have long been Considered importAnt to youth’s psyChoso cial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills（运动技能）; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.R esearch from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté(2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g., in the street, on A plAying field or in someone’s BACkyArd). when involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their behavior (whether they win or lose) than with thebehavior (having fun).O n the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with new or different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although the drills used in deliberate practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to________________.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimedat____________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
(完整word版)2015年上海高考数学试卷(理)
2015 年 普 通 高 等 学 校 招 生 全 国 统 一 考 试上海 数学试卷（理工农医类）一、填空题（本大题共有14题，满分56分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分。
1. 设全集U R =，若集合{}{}1,2,3,4,|23A B x x ==≤≤，则UA B = .【答案】{}1,4；【解析】根据题意，可得{}|32U B x x x =><或，故{}1,4UAB =.2。
若复数z 满足31z z i +=+，其中i 为虚数单位，则z = 。
【答案】1142i +；【解析】设(),z x yi x y R =+∈，根据题意，有z x yi =-，可把31z z i +=+化简成331x yi x yi i ++-=+，对于系数相等可得出11,42x y ==，1142z i ∴=+.3。
若线性方程组的增广矩阵为122301c c ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭、解为35x y =⎧⎨=⎩,则12c c -= 。
【答案】16;【解析】根据增广矩阵的定义可以还原成方程组12230x y c y c +=⎧⎨+=⎩把35x y =⎧⎨=⎩代入,可得1221,5c c ==，1216c c ∴-=。
4. 若正三棱柱的所有棱长均为a ,且其体积为a = . 【答案】4；【解析】根据正三棱柱的体积计算公式31=42V h S a a a =⋅⨯⨯===底.5。
抛物线()220y px p =>上的动点Q 到焦点的距离的最小值为1,则p = . 【答案】2；【解析】根据抛物线的性质,我们知道当且仅当动点Q 运动到原点的时候，才与抛物线焦点的距离的最小，所以有min 1,22pQP p ==⇒=. 6.若圆锥的侧面积与过轴的截面积面积之比为2π,则其母线与轴的夹角的大小为 。
【答案】3π;【解析】设这个圆锥的母线长为'h ，底面半径为r ，母线与轴的夹角为θ，所以'1=2S l h ⋅⋅侧，而过轴的截面是一个三角形，故122S r h =⋅⋅轴，有h =，所以'122122l h SS r hπ⋅⋅==⋅⋅侧轴，''2,h h h h r ⇒===，'sin 3r h πθθ==∴=. 7.方程()()1122log 95log 322x x ---=-+的解为 。
2015年上海高考数学文科试卷带详解
2014年上海普通高等学校招生统一考试上海数学试卷（文史类）一、填空题（本大题共有14小题，满分56分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分. 1.函数2()13sin f x x =-的最小正周期为 . 【参考答案】π【测量目标】考查二倍角公式，三角函数的周期 【试题分析】()213sin f x x =- 31cos 222x =-，()f x ∴的最小正周期为2π2ππ2T ω===. 2.设全集U =R .若集合{}1,2,3,4A =,{}|23B x x =剟，则U A B ð= .【参考答案】{1,4}【测量目标】考查集合交集及其基本运算【试题分析】{}23U B x x =<> 或ð{}1,4U A B ∴= ð. 3.若复数z 满足31+i z z +=，其中i 为虚数单位，则z = . 【参考答案】11i 42+ 【测量目标】考查复数的计算【试题分析】设i z a b =+，则由31+i z z +=得42i 1i a b +=+，41,2 1.a b =⎧∴⎨=⎩即1,412a b ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩，11i 42z ∴=+. 4.设1()fx -为()21x f x x =+的反函数，则1(2)f -=_____. 【参考答案】23-【测量目标】考查反函数 【试题分析】()21x f x x =+ ，()()21f x x f x -∴=-.即()121x f x x --=-.()1223f -∴=-. 5.若线性方程组的增广矩阵为122301c c ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，解为3,5,x y =⎧⎨=⎩则12c c -=_____. 【参考答案】16【测量目标】考查线性方程组 【试题分析】由题意:12233015c c ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦ ，1221,5.c c =⎧∴⎨=⎩即1216c c -=. 6.若正三棱柱的所有棱长均为a，且其体积为a =_____. 【参考答案】4【测量目标】考查立体几何的基本运算 【试题分析】正三棱柱的体积为∴122a a a ⨯⨯⨯=4a =. 7.抛物线22y px =(0)p >上的动点Q 到焦点的距离的最小值为1，则p =_____. 【参考答案】2【测量目标】考查抛物线的性质【试题分析】 抛物线上的动点到焦点的距离等于动点到准线的距离.∴当动点Q 到焦点的距离最小时，有距离12Q p d x =+=，当且仅当0Q x =时距离最小，此时12p=即2p =. 8.方程1122log (95)log (32)2x x ---=-+的解为_____. 【参考答案】2【测量目标】考查对数方程【试题分析】12log (95)x -- ，12log (32)x --定义域分别为3log 522x +>,31log 2x >+，且又 1122log (95)log (32)2x x ---=-+，即12195log 232x x ---=-,∴()21134330x x ---+= .令13x t -=,则2430t t -+=.即得1t =或3t =,1x ∴=或2x =,又定义域须满足1x >,2x ∴=.9.若x 、y 满足0,2,0,x y x y y -⎧⎪+⎨⎪⎩………则目标函数2z x y =+的最大值为____.【参考答案】3【测量目标】考查二元线性规划求目标函数最值【试题分析】由题意约束条件所形成的线性区域的三个交点为(0,0)，(2,0)，(1,1)；且目标函数可转化为22x zy =-+，可见在点(1,1)时函数的截距最大，此时z 取得最大值即23z x y =+=.10.在报名的3名男教师和6名女教师中，选取5人参加义务献血，要求男、女教师都有，则不同的选取方式的种数为_____(结果用数值表示). 【参考答案】120【测量目标】考查排列组合的基本运用【试题分析】 条件要求男、女教师都有.∴从选择男教师的角度分析有三种可能，即选择1名、2名或3名，此时对应的女教师有4名、3名或2名三种不同的选择.∴不同的选取方式的种数为142332363636C C +C C +C C=45+15+60=120. 11.在6212x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的二项展开式中，常数项等于______(结果用数值表示).【参考答案】240【测量目标】考查二项式基本定理【试题分析】 二项式6212x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中，常数项为242246621C (2)()C 2240x x ==. 12.已知双曲线1C 、2C 的顶点重合，1C 的方程为2214x y -=.若2C 的一条渐近线的斜率是1C 的一条渐近线的斜率的2倍，则2C 的方程为__________.【参考答案】22144x y -= 【测量目标】考查双曲线的基本性质和双曲线方程【试题分析】 双曲线1C 、2C 的顶点重合∴在双曲线2C 中2a =.又 2C 的一条渐近线的斜率是1C 的一条渐近线的2倍.即得21222C b = 22C b ∴=.故2C 的方程为22144x y -=. 13.已知平面向量,,a b c满足a b ⊥ ，且{}{},,1,23a b c = ，则a b c ++ 的最大值是_____. 【参考答案】3【测量目标】考查平面向量的基本运算【试题分析】 2a b c ++ 222a b c =++ 222a b a c b c +++. 22222a b c a c b c =++++ 2222()a b c c a b =++++,142cos c a b c a b c a b <+>=+++,14cos c a b c a b<+>=++.即2a b c ++的最大值为14+∴a b c ++的最大值为314.已知函数()sin .f x x =若存在12,,,m x x x 满足1206πmx x x <<< 剟，且12231()()()()()()12m m f x f x f x f x f x f x --+-++-= ()*2,m m ∈N …，则m 的最小值为______.【参考答案】8【测量目标】考查三角函数性质和绝对值方程的求解 【试题分析】()sin 1f x x = …当且仅当π2π2x k =+时取等号成立. 又 12231()()()()()()12m m f x f x f x f x f x f x --+-++-= 和12,,,m x x x 满足1206πm x x x <<< 剟,12378π11π0,,π,,6π.22x x x x x ∴===== ∴m 最小值为8. 二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分）每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律零分. 15．设12,z z ∈C ,则“12z z 、均为实数”是“12z z -是实数”的（ ） A.充分非必要条件 B.必要非充分条件C.充要条件D.既非充分又非必要条件 【参考答案】A【测量目标】考查充要条件，复数的基本运算【试题分析】显然由12,z z 均为实数可得12z z -是实数，另一方面，设134i z =+，254i z =+，则122z z -=-此时12z z -是实数而12,z z 均为复数，矛盾. “12,z z 均为实数”是“12z z -是实数”的充分非必要条件.∴答案选A. 16．下列不等式中，与不等式28223x x x +<++解集相同的是（ ）A.2(8)(23)2x x x +++< B.282(23)x x x +<++C.212238x x x <+++D.223182x x x ++>+ 【参考答案】B【测量目标】考查不等式的解集【试题分析】223x x ++ 2(1)2x =++2…∴直接可得282(23)x x x +<++与28223x x x +<++是等价的，∴它们的解集是相同的. ∴答案选B.17.已知点A 的坐标为，将OA 绕坐标原点O 逆时针旋转π3至OB ,则点B 的纵坐标为（ ）C.112D.132【参考答案】D【测量目标】考查平面直角坐标 【试题分析】由题意知1sin 7θ=，∴cos θ=B 点的纵坐标πsin()3y OB θ=+ .其中7OA OB ==,代入解得132y =.∴答案选D.18.设(,)n n nP x y 是直线21nx y n -=+()*n ∈N 与圆222x y +=在第一象限的交点，则极限1lim1n n n y x →∞--=（ ） A.1- B.12-C.1D.2 【参考答案】A【测量目标】考查直线与圆，极限的计算 【试题分析】当n →∞时，直线21n x y n -=+趋近于21x y -=，与圆222x y +=在第一象限的交点无限靠近(1,1),而11n n y x --可看作(,)n n n P x y 与点(1,1)连线的斜率.其值会无限接近圆222x y +=在点(1,1)处的切线的斜率，其斜率为-1.∴ 1lim1n n n y x →∞--=-1.∴答案选A. 三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19.(本题满分12分)如图，圆锥的顶点为P ，底面圆心为O ,底面的一条直径为AB ，C 为半圆弧 AB 的中点，E 为劣弧 CB的中点.已知2PO =,1OA =.求三棱锥P AOC -的体积，并求异面直线PA 与OE 所成的角的大小.第19题图【测量目标】考查体积的计算，异面直线所成的角 【试题分析】1112323P AOC V -=⨯⨯=.因为AC OE ∥，所以PAC ∠为异面直线PA 与OE 所成的角或其补角.由2PO =，1OA OC ==,得PA PC ==，AC =.在△PA C 中，由余弦定理得cos 10PAC ∠=，故异面直线PA 与OE所成的角的大小为arccos 10. 20.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分. 已知函数21()f x ax x=+，其中a 为常数. （1）根据a 的不同取值，判断函数()f x 的奇偶性，并说明理由； （2）若(1,3)a ∈，判断函数()f x 在[]1,2上的单调性，并说明理由. 【测量目标】考查函数的奇偶性和单调性【试题分析】(1)()f x 的定义域为{}|0,x x x ≠∈R ，关于原点对称. ()f x -=2211()a x ax x x-+=--,当0a =时，()()f x f x -=-，故()f x 为奇函数.当0a ≠时，由(1)1f a =+，(1)1f a -=-，知(1)(1)f f -≠且(1)(1)f f -≠-，故()f x 既不是奇函数也不是偶函数. (2)设1212x x <剟，则21()()f x f x -22212111ax ax x x =+--=21()x x -()12[a x x +- 121]x x ，由1212x x <剟，得210x x ->，1224x x <+<，1214x x <<，121114x x -<-<-，又13a <<，所以122()12a x x <+<，得()21a x x +1210x x ->，从而()21()0f x f x ->，即21()()f x f x >，故当()1,3a ∈时，()f x 在[]1,2上单调递增.21.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分.如图，,,O P Q 三地有直道相通，OP =3千米，PQ =4千米，OQ =5千米.现甲、乙两警员同时从O 地出发匀速前往Q 地,经过t 小时，他们之间的距离为()f t （单位：千米）.甲的路线是OQ ，速度为5千米/小时，乙的路线是OPQ ,速度为8千米/小时.乙到达Q 地后在原地等待.设1t t =时，乙到达P 地；2t t =时，乙到达Q 地.第21题图（1）求1t 与1()f t 的值；（2）已知警员的对讲机的有效通话距离是3千米.当12t t t 剟时，求()f t 的表达式，并判断()f t 在[]12,t t 上的最大值是否超过3？说明理由. 【测量目标】考查三角函数，平面直角坐标系【试题分析】 (1)138t =.记乙到P 时甲所在地为R ，则158OR =千米.在OPR △中，2222cos PR OP OR OP OR O =+-∠ ，所以1()f t PR ==千米). (2)278t =.如图建立平面直角坐标系.设经过t 小时，甲、乙所在位置分别为M 、N .当37,88t ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦时，(3,4)M t t ，(3,83)N t -，()f t =()f t 在37,88⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的最大值是3()8f =，不超过3.第21题图22.（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分.已知椭圆2221x y +=，过原点的两条直线1l 和2l 分别与椭圆交于点A 、B 和C 、D .记AOC △的面积为S .(1) 设()11,A x y ，()22,C x y .用A 、C 的坐标表示点C 到直线1l 的距离，并证明122112S x y x y =-； (2) 设1l ：y kx =，C ，13S =，求k 的值；(3) 设1l 与2l 的斜率之积为m .求m 的值，使得无论1l 与2l 如何变动，面积S 保持不变. 【测量目标】考查椭圆的基本性质，直线与椭圆的关系 【试题分析】 (1)直线1l ：110y x x y -=，点C 到1l的距离d =因为OA =12211122S OA d x y x y ==- . (2)由22,21,y kx x y =⎧⎨+=⎩得21211+2x k =.由(1),122112S x y x y =-113x kx =-=13=，解得15k =-或1-.(3)设1l ：y kx =，则2l ：my x k =.设()11,A x y ，()22,C x y .由22,21,y kx x y =⎧⎨+=⎩得212112x k=+，同理2222221212()k x m k mk==++.由(1),122112S x y x y =- 122112x mx x kx k =- 21212k m x x k -==，整理24222222(81)(4162)(81)0S k S S m m k S m -++++-=.由题意知，S 与k 无关，则2222810,41620,S S S m m ⎧-=⎪⎨++=⎪⎩得21,81.2S m ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩所以，12m =-. 23.（本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分.已知数列{}n a 与{}n b 满足112()n n n n a a b b ++-=-，*.n ∈N(1) 若35n b n =+，且11a =，求{}n a 的通项公式；(2) 设{}n a 的第0n 项是最大项，即0n n a a …()*n ∈N .求证：{}n b 的第0n 项是最大项； (3) 设130a λ=<，n n b λ=()*n ∈N .求λ的取值范围，使得对任意*,m n ∈N ，0n a ≠，且1(,6)6m n a a ∈. 【测量目标】考查数列的基本性质及通项公式的计算【试题分析】 (1)由13n n b b +-=，得16n n a a +-=，所以{}n a 是首项为1，公差为6的等差数列，故{}n a 的通项公式为65n a n =-，*n ∈N .(2)证明：由11()2()n n n n a a b b ++-=-，得1122n n n n a b a b ++-=-.所以{}2n n a b -为常数列，1122n n a b a b -=-，即1122n n a b a b =+-.因为0n n a a …，*n ∈N ，所以01122n b a b +-1122n b a b +-…，即0n n b b ….故{}n b 的第0n 项是最大项.(3)因为n n b λ=，所以()112n nn n a a λλ++-=-，当2n …时，n a =()1n n a a --()()12211n n a a a a a --+-++-+ ()()()11222223n n n n λλλλλλλ---=-+-++-+ 2n λλ=+.当1n =时，13a λ=，符合上式.所以2n n a λλ=+.因为130a λ=<，且对任意*n ∈N ，11(,6)6n a a ∈，故0n a <.特别地，2220a λλ=+<，于是1(,0)2λ∈-.此时对任意*n ∈N ，0n a ≠.当102λ-<<时，222n n a λλλ=+>，21212n n a λλλ--=-+<，由指数函数的单调性知，{}n a 的最大值为2220a λλ=+<，最小值为13a λ=.由题意，mna a 的最大值及最小值分别为12321a a λ=+及21213a a λ+=.由21136λ+>及3621λ<+，解得104λ-<<.综上所述，λ的取值范围为1(,0)4-.。
2015上海高考数学试卷(理科含答案)精美排版
上海市教育考试院 保留版权数学（理）2015 第1页（共4页）2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海 数学试卷(理工农医类)考生注意：1. 本试卷共4页，23道试题，满分150分. 考试时间120分钟.2. 本考试分设试卷和答题纸. 试卷包括试题与答题要求. 作答必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分.3. 答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名.一、填空题（本大题共有14题，满分56分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分.1. 设全集U =R . 若集合{}1,2,3,4A =，{}23B x x =≤≤，则A ∁U B =________.2. 若复数z 满足31i z z +=+，其中i 为虚数单位，则z =________.3. 若线性方程组的增广矩阵为122301c c ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭、解为3,5,x y =⎧⎨=⎩ 则12c c -=________. 4. 若正三棱柱的所有棱长均为a，且其体积为a =________.5. 抛物线22(0)y px p =>上的动点Q 到焦点的距离的最小值为1，则p =________.6. 若圆锥的侧面积与过轴的截面面积之比为π2，则其母线与轴的夹角的大小为________.7. 方程1122log (95)log (32)2x x ---=-+的解为________.8. 在报名的3名男教师和6名女教师中，选取5人参加义务献血，要求男、女教师都有，则不同的选取方式的种数为________（结果用数值表示）.9. 已知点P 和Q 的横坐标相同，P 的纵坐标是Q 的纵坐标的2倍，P 和Q 的轨迹分别为双曲线1C 和2C . 若1C的渐近线方程为y =，则2C 的渐近线方程为________.10. 设1()f x -为[]2()2,0,22x xf x x -=+∈的反函数，则1()()y f x f x -=+的最大值为________.11. 在10201511x x ⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中，2x 项的系数为________.（结果用数值表示）数学（理）2015 第2页（共4页）12. 赌博有陷阱. 某种赌博每局的规则是：赌客先在标记有1,2,3,4,5的卡片中随机摸取一张，将卡片上的数字作为其赌金（单位：元）；随后放回该卡片，再随机摸取两张，将这两张卡片上数字之差的绝对值的1.4倍作为其奖金（单位：元）. 若随机变量1ξ和2ξ分别表示赌客在一局赌博中的赌金和奖金，则12E E ξξ-=________（元）.13. 已知函数()s i n f x x =. 若存在12,,,m x x x 满足π1206m x x x ≤<<<≤ ，且12231()()()()()()12m m f x f x f x f x f x f x --+-++-= （2m ≥，*m ∈N ），则m 的最小值为________.14. 在锐角三角形ABC 中，1tan 2A =，D 为边BC 上的点，△ABD 与△ACD 的面积分别为2和4. 过D 做DE AB ⊥于E ，DF AC ⊥于F ，则DE DF ⋅=________.二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分）每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分.15. 设12,z z ∈C ，则“1z 、2z 中至少有一个数是虚数”是“12z z -是虚数”的（ ）.(A) 充分非必要条件 (B) 必要非充分条件 (C) 充要条件(D) 既非充分又非必要条件16. 已知点A的坐标为()，将OA 绕坐标原点O 逆时针旋转π3至OB ，则点B 的纵坐标为（ ）.(A)(B)(C)112(D)13217. 记方程①：2110x a x ++=，方程②：2220x a x ++=，方程③：2340x a x ++=，其中123,,a a a 是正实数. 当123,,a a a 成等比数列时，下列选项中，能推出方程③无实根的是（ ）.(A) 方程①有实根，且②有实根 (B) 方程①有实根，且②无实根 (C) 方程①无实根，且②有实根 (D) 方程①无实根，且②无实根18. 设(,)n n n P x y 是直线*2()1nx y n n -=∈+N 与圆222x y +=在第一象限的交点，则极限1lim1n n n y x -=-→∞（ ）.(A) 1-(B) 12-(C) 1 (D) 2数学（理）2015 第3页（共4页）三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤. 19. （本题满分12分）如图，在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，11AA =，2AB AD ==，E 、F 分别是棱AB 、BC 的中点. 证明1A 、1C 、F 、E 四点共面，并求直线1CD 与平面11A C FE 所成的角的大小.20. （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分.如图，,,A B C 三地有直道相通，5AB =千米，3AC =千米，4BC =千米. 现甲、乙两警员同时从A 地出发匀速前往B 地，经过t 小时，他们之间的距离为()f t （单位：千米）. 甲的路线是AB ，速度为5千米/小时，乙的路线是ACB ，速度为8千米/小时. 乙到达B 地后在原地等待. 设1t t =时，乙到达C 地. (1) 求1t 与1()f t 的值；(2) 已知警员的对讲机的有效通话距离是3千米.当11t t ≤≤时，求()f t 的表达式，并判断()f t 在[]1,1t 上的最大值是否超过3？说明理由.21. （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分.已知椭圆2221x y +=，过原点的两条直线1l 和2l 分别与椭圆交于点A 、B 和C 、D . 记得到的平行四边形ACBD 的面积为S .(1) 设11(,)A x y ，22(,)C x y . 用A 、C 的坐标表示点C 到直线1l 的距离，并证明12212S x y x y =-.(2) 设1l 与2l 的斜率之积为12-，求面积S 的值.EFD1D B1BC1CA1ACBA数学（理）2015 第4页（共4页）22. （本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分.已知数列{}n a 与{}n b 满足112()n n n n a a b b ++-=-，*n ∈N . (1) 若35n b n =+，且11a =，求{}n a 的通项公式；(2) 设{}n a 的第0n 项是最大项，即0n n a a ≥*()n ∈N . 求证：{}n b 的第0n 项是最大项； (3) 设10a λ=<，n n b λ=*()n ∈N . 求λ的取值范围，使得{}n a 有最大值M 与最小值m ，且(2,2)Mm∈-.23. （本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分.对于定义域为R 的函数()g x ，若存在正常数T ，使得cos ()g x 是以T 为周期的函数，则称()g x 为余弦周期函数，且称T 为其余弦周期. 已知()f x 是以T 为余弦周期的余弦周期函数，其值域为R . 设()f x 单调递增，(0)0f =，π()4f T =. (1) 验证()sin 3xh x x =+是以π6为余弦周期的余弦周期函数；(2) 设a b <. 证明对任意[(),()]c f a f b ∈，存在0[,]x a b ∈，使得0()f x c =；(3) 证明：“0u 为方程cos ()1f x =在[]0,T 上的解”的充要条件是“0u T +为方程cos ()1f x =在[],2T T 上的解”，并证明对任意[]0,x T ∈都有()()()f x T f x f T +=+.上海市教育考试院 保留版权高考(2015)数学（理）答案 第1页（共5页）2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海 数学试卷(理工农医类)答案要点及评分标准说明1. 本解答列出试题的解法，如果考生的解法与所列解法不同，可参照解答中评分标准的精神进行评分.2. 评阅试卷，应坚持每题评阅到底，不要因为考生的解答中出现错误而中断对该题的评阅，当考生的解答在某一步出现错误，影响了后继部分，但该步以后的解答未改变这一题的内容和难度时，可视影响程度决定后面部分的给分，这时原则上不应超过后面部分应给分数之半. 如果有较严重的概念性错误，就不给分. 解答一、（第1题至第14题） 1. {}1,4. 2.11i 42+. 3. 16. 4. 4. 5. 2. 6.π3. 7. 2.8. 120. 9.y =. 10. 4. 11. 45. 12. 0.2. 13. 8. 14. 1615-. 二、（第15题至第18题）三、（第19题至第23题） 19. （本题满分12分）如图，以D 为原点建立空间直角坐标系，可得有关点的坐标为1(2,0,1)A 、1(0,2,1)C 、(2,1,0)E 、(1,2,0)F 、(0,2,0)C 、(0,0,1)D .因为11(2,2,0)AC =- ，(1,1,0)EF =-， 所以11//AC EF ，因此直线11AC 与EF 共面， 即1A 、1C 、F 、E 四点共面.······· 4分设平面11A C FE 的法向量为(,,)n u v w = ，则n EF ⊥，1n FC ⊥ ，又(1,1,0)EF =- ，1(1,0,1)FC =-，高考(2015)数学（理）答案 第2页（共5页）故0,0,u v u w -+=⎧⎨-+=⎩解得u v w ==.取1u =，得平面11A C FE 的一个法向量(1,1,1)n =. 又1(0,2,1)CD =- ，······· 7分故11CD n CD n⋅=. ······ 10分因此直线1CD 与平面11A C FE所成的角的大小为. ······ 12分20. （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分.(1) 138t =.······· 2分记乙到C 时甲所在地为D ，则158AD =千米. 在△ACD 中，2222cos CD AC AD AC AD A =+-⋅，所以1()f t CD =. ······· 6分(2) 甲到达B 用时1小时；乙到达C 用时38小时，从A 到B 总用时78小时.当13788t t =≤≤时，()f t =；当718t ≤≤时，()55f t t =-. ······ 10分所以37,88()755, 1.8t f t t t ≤≤=⎨⎪-<≤⎪⎩······ 11分因为()f t 在37,88⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的最大值是38f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭()f t 在7,18⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的最大值是7588f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，所以()f t 在3,18⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦3.······ 14分21. （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分. (1) [证明]直线1l ：110y x x y -=，点C 到1l的距离d =. ······· 3分2AB OA ==所以122112222ABC S S AB d x y x y ==⨯⋅=-△. ······· 6分高考(2015)数学（理）答案 第3页（共5页）(2) 设1l ：y kx =，则2l ：12y x k=-. 设11(,)A x y ，22(,)C x y . 由22,21,y kx x y =⎧⎨+=⎩得212112x k =+.同理2222212211122k x k k ==+⎛⎫+- ⎪⎝⎭. ······ 10分由(1)，2121221211221222x x k S x y x y x kx x x k k⋅+=-=+⋅=⋅······ 12分=整理得S = ······ 14分22. （本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分3分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分.(1) 由13n n b b +-=，得16n n a a +-=，······· 2分所以{}n a 是首项为1，公差为6的等差数列， 故{}n a 的通项公式为65n a n =-，*n ∈N . ······· 4分 (2) [证明]由112()n n n n a a b b ++-=-，得1122n n n n a b a b ++-=-.所以{}2n n a b -为常数列，1122n n a b a b -=-，即1122n n a b a b =+-. ······· 7分 因为0n n a a ≥，*n ∈N ，所以011112222n n b a b b a b +-≥+-，即0n n b b ≥.故{}n b 的第0n 项是最大项.······ 10分 (3) 因为n n b λ=，所以112()n n n n a a λλ++-=-，当2n ≥时，112211()()()n n n n n a a a a a a a a ---=-+-++-+ 11222()2()2()n n n n λλλλλλλ---=-+-++-+2n λλ=-.······ 12分高考(2015)数学（理）答案 第4页（共5页）当1n =时，1a λ=，符合上式. 所以2n n a λλ=-. 因为0λ<，所以222nn a λλλ=->-，21212n n a λλλ--=--<-.① 当1λ<-时，由指数函数的单调性知，{}n a 不存在最大、最小值； ② 当1λ=-时，{}n a 的最大值为3，最小值为1-，而3(2,2)1∉--； ③ 当10λ-<<时，由指数函数的单调性知，{}n a 的最大值222M a λλ==-，最小值1m a λ==，由2222λλλ--<<及10λ-<<，得102λ-<<.······ 15分 综上，λ的取值范围是1,02⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭.······ 16分23. （本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分. (1) [证明]易见()sin 3xh x x =+的定义域为R ，······· 1分对任意x ∈R ，ππππ6(6)6sin()63x h x x h x ++=++=+， 所以()ππcos (6)cos ()6cos ()h x h x h x +=+=，即()h x 是以π6为余弦周期的余弦周期函数.······· 4分(2) 由于()f x 的值域为R ，所以对任意[](),()c f a f b ∈，c 都是一个函数值，即有0x ∈R ，使得0()f x c =.······· 6分若0x a <，则由()f x 单调递增得到0()()c f x f a =<，与[](),()c f af b ∈矛盾，所以0x a ≥.同理可证0x b ≤. 故存在0[,]x a b ∈使得0()f x c =.······ 10分(3) 若0u 为cos ()1f x =在[]0,T 上的解，则0cos ()1f u =，且[]0,2u T T T +∈，00cos ()cos ()1f u T f u +==，即0u T +为方程cos ()1f x =在[],2T T 上的解.同理，若0u T +为方程cos ()1f x =在[],2T T 上的解，则0u 为该方程在[]0,T 上的解······ 13分以下证明最后一部分结论.高考(2015)数学（理）答案 第5页（共5页）由(2)所证知存在012340x x x x x T =<<<<=，使得π1()f x i =，0,1,2,3,4i =. 而[]1,i i x x +是函数cos ()f x 的单调区间，0,1,2,3i =.与之前类似地可以证明：0u 是cos ()1f x =-在[]0,T 上的解当且仅当0u T +是cos ()1f x =-在[],2T T 上的解. 从而cos ()1f x =±在[]0,T 与[],2T T 上的解的个数相同.故π()()4i i f x T f x +=+，0,1,2,3,4i =.对于[]10,x x ∈，[]π()0,f x ∈，[]ππ()4,5f x T +∈，而cos ()cos ()f x T f x +=，故π()()4()()f x T f x f x f T +=+=+. 类似地，当[]1,i i x x x +∈，1,2,3i =时，有()()()f x T f x f T +=+. 结论成立 ······ 18分23(3)的后一部分结论的评分说明（满分值5分）：。
2015上海高考语文试卷(含答案)精美排版
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海语文试卷考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题题号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
4．考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一阅读80分(一) 阅读下文，完成第1—6题。
（17分）地图与理论模型①工程师在设计汽车时会按比例制作汽车模型，这种实物模型可以直观地呈现出汽车的构造，而且可以让一些实验更加便捷。
举办一场宴会前，我们会思考应该邀请谁参加、需要准备哪些食物等，这是我们其实也构建了一个模型。
这种模型与汽车模型不同，它不是一种实物，而是一种‚理论‛。
科学家的工作与此相似，也是构建某种理论模型，只是这类模型的特点理解起来比较困难。
②地图也是一种模型。
地图与理论模型的类比有助于我们了解理论模型的特点。
我们先来做一个练习。
请看一张某大学校园的局部地图：③这张地图的右边画有一个箭头。
请问：箭头指示的东西是什么？④人们通常会回答：箭头指示的是一幢建筑。
如果我说这答案不仅是错的，而且根本不着边，你会怎样想？你肯定会怀疑这是个把戏。
没错，你的怀疑是正确的，但这个把戏的背后却是最为核心的问题。
⑤正确的答案是，箭头指示的是一个矩形图框。
这就是真正为箭头所指的东西。
人们会回答箭头指向了一幢建筑物，是因为根据地图和与之对应的实际环境，矩形图框显然表示一幢建筑物。
但建筑物只是矩形图框所表示的物体，而不是矩形图框本身。
⑥这个练习的目的是指出地图与其所表示的对象不是一码事。
当然，这只是一个把戏，生活中没有人会混淆地图上的一个矩形图框和现实中的一幢建筑。
毕竟．．，你可以将一张街道地图折起来放进你的口袋，却不可能把一个街道折起来放进口袋。
(完整word版)2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word完整精校版)
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷（已反复核对，希望最大限度保证准确）考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Impatient. B. Confused. C. Pleased. D. Regretful.2. A. At a bus stop. B. At a laundry. C. At the dentist’s. D. At the chemist’s.3. A. An actor. B. A salesman. C. A translator. D. A writer.4. A. He lost his classmate’s homework. B. He can’t help the woman with her math.C. He broke the woman’s calculator.D. He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter.B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislikes the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea w here to find the man’s exam result.B. She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr. White hasn’t finished grading the papers.D. Dr. White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory. B. Find a person to share their apartment.C. Clean the room with the roommate.D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. Bob won’t take her advice.B. Bob doesn’t want to go abroad.C. She doesn’t think Bob should study overseas.D. She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went abroad.9. A. The snack bar isn’t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren’t allowed in the library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. I t helps care for customers’ dogs. B. You have to buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there. B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She doesn’t like to be alone.13. A. A new kind of café. B. A new brand of coffee.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10% B. 12% C. 6% D. 7%16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives. B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A）Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _____ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car spot earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I saw the same lady (28) _____ (look) in at me. “Hello,” she said, hesitantly. “This (29) _____ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) _____ her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” (31) _____ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) _____ (nice) gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpful Hannah,I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago, and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) _____ (check) for text messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea (34) _____ there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) _____ _____ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see (36) _____ is contacting him is just too great. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37) _____ (ignore) me, he says, “In a minute,” but still checks to see if (38) _____ has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) _____ (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Maybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.I recently read an article about “nomophobia,” (40) _____ is a real illness people can suffer from: the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired Sadie Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Considering how much time people spend in offices, it is important that work spaces be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers, and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 , customers. They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environment.” These 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies（等级制度）have flattened, or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Offices and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that 46 workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places, and upgraded employees’47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands, including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies, and technological innovation（especially in relation to computerization）. These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors（内饰）that in some way enhance, establish, or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best.All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good marriage --- the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect a deep interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. The53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them tal k for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. tested B. imposed C. changed D. created55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotions B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. asses65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritatingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of folk art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing weeks called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the peo ple of Brussels, this was a defining moment of artistic freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechseläuten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Böögg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Böögg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “The heyday of the snowman” (paragraph 4) means the time when___________.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary BunnyThe Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine (粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. Itwon an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it.The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny.To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it!70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer’s opinion of actingC. The writer’s comments on the storyD. The background information71. According to the film review, “the monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It’s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said.“He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to understand,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius’s sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organising.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business: when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Rude74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyz ing Shakespeare’s playsC. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesso n for business motivationD. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth-sport programs have long beenconsidered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills（运动技能）; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté(2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g., in the street, on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their behavior (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with new or different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although the drills used in deliberate practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to________________.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word-完整精校版)
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷（已反复核对,希望最大限度保证准确)考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2。
本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1—12页)和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3。
答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分）I。
Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。
At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said。
The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard。
1. A。
Impatient。
B。
Confused. C。
Pleased. D. Regretful。
2. A. At a bus stop。
B。
At a laundry。
C。
At the dentist’s。
D. At the chemist’s。
3。
A. An actor. B. A salesman。
C。
A translator。
2015年高考真题英语上海卷 Word版含解析汇报
实用文档2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（填空题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第Ⅰ卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversationand the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decidewhich one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. impatientB. confusedC. pleasedD. regretful2. A. at a bus stopB. at a laundryC. at the dentist's D. at the chemist's3. A. An actorB. A salesmanC. A translatorD. A writer4. A. He lost his classmate' s homework.B. He can't help the woman with her math.C. He broke the woman's calculator.D. He doesn't know where the “on”button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter.B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislike the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea where to find the man's exam result.实用文档t allowed to tell students their grades. B. She isn't finish grading the papers.C. Dr. White hasn's away. t want to be contacted while he'D. Dr. White doesn' B. Find a person to share their7. A. Move to a neat dormitoryapartmentaboutarticle C. Clean the room with the roommate D. Write antheir roommate8.A. Bob won't take her adviceB. Bob doesn't want to go abroadC. She doesn't think Bob should study overseasD. She hasn't talked to Bob since he went aboard9. A. The snack bar isn't usually so empty. B. Dessert is served inthe snack bar.D. Snacks aren'tC. The snack bar is near the library.allowed in the library.B. 10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. Leave her bicycleoutside.D. Check if theC. Clean the garage after the rain stops.garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be askedthree questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but thepossible read the four question, hear When only be questions will spoken once. you aquestion on answers your answer best be would one decide and paper which the to theyou have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.实用文档11. A. It helps care for customers' dogs.B. You have to buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there.B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She doesn't like to be alone.13. A. A new kind of cafe.B. A new brand of cafe.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passages.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15.A. 10%B. 12%C. 6%D. 7%16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives.B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.实用文档Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill inthe numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.实用文档II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make thefill word, a given correct. For the blanks with coherent passages and grammaticallyin each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, useone word that best fits each blank.(A)Gift from a strangerwas I found parking space is always busy. The first My local supermarketconvenient, but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _____I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed intoit was a tight fit.—the next available spotPretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh homeless of a change into the hands air. Feeling good, I (26) _____(empty) my purse.man and helped a struggling woman reverse park（倒车）earlier. space my let have car my car, 1 saw the woman I'd Just as I approachedsmiled I 热切的). intent —half puzzled, half ((27) She was giving me _____ odd lookand wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the samelady (28) _____ (look) in at me. Hello, she said, hesitantly. This (29) _____charity at the my mother's things off to but I was on my way drop some of sound crazynoticed, I helped those people, much (30) _____ her.”You so ”bins. You are justthrough in passed and a box at happy.and you seemed so ”She looked me meaningfully(31) _____ (shock), I took ”“I think she would like you to have it.the window.it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with alarge grey pearl. It was (32) _____ (nice) gift I'd ever received, and it was froma complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of humankindness.(B)实用文档Ask helpful HannahDear helpful Hannah,ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone a couple of 'Imonths ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado, it was a greatmessages; next urge (33) for problem. one He has a constant trip except for's so addicted to it that he just canhe checks his phone every five minutes! He'checking help 't important text. He canthe t stand idea (34) there may be antalking I am in a restaurant and at even inappropriate times like when we are eatingto him! He behaves (35) any small amount of boredom can make him feel the(36) see to t. The temptation even when he know he shouldn'need to check his phoneis connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop(38) if to see checks a minute.”but still say, (37) (ignore) me, he “Inhas posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) (interrupted). Ifwithdrawal suffers from phone at home, he the go we somewhere and I ask him to havesymptom. May this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everydayproblem.illness (40) is a real “nomophobia,”I recently read an article aboutt suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that 'people cant have 'Sam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesnhis phone with him, even for a short time. could have brought so muchdevices like these have thought that little Who wouldtrouble!Sick and Tired SadieSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word实用文档Considering how much time people spend in effects, it is important that withimage. s a corporation'Well-designed office spaces help create well A be designed.They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might bepotential, or 41 , customers. They make business work better, and they area part of the corporate culture to live in.office one, a knowledge-based from an industrial-based economy to As we move awaydesigners come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past.flexible more and created a fixed office setup design The industry has moved away fromThese 43 solutions are meant to ”“strategic management environments.support better organizational performance.hierarchies office or decreased, 度）have As employee flattened （等级制desirable to more move open-plan areas response to this change has been to designers'locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need forincreased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design.basis. permanent person on a spaces often are not 45 to a given Office and workmovement or for expansion of working, new design allow Because of changes to methodsgoal important design within the workplace. Another of desks, storage, and equipmentis communication, which designers have improved by breaking the walls that 46workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places and upgraded47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.'employees number a to resolve designers and institutional office often struggle Corporate of competing and often 48 demands, including budgetary limits, employeesto in relation and technological innovation (especially hierarchiescomputerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to createimage 's companypossess establish way in ) (interiors 内饰that some enhance, or aand will enable employees to 49 and their best.All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful office实用文档designs are like good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you triedto determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them.Life for ancient people's earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more52 in people's lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a listof modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction isall about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how muchthe brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other's individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 Knows实用文档Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones —natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships.In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receiveloads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. MoreoverD. OtherwiseB. stressfulC. central 52. A. romanticD. artificialD. principle53. A. priority B. proof C. possibilityB. impressedC. changedD. created54. A. testedC. similaritiesD. passions 55. A. appearances B. virtues56. A. illustrations D. intentionsB. implicationsC. ingredients57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. matureC. negotiate B. distinguishD. question59. A. memorizeD. Hand Nose B. Eye C. Heart60. A.B. alertC. resistant61. A. openD. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals实用文档D. assess B. possess C. maintain 64. A. enhanceD. irritatingC. positive65. A. familiar B. plain第二部分：阅读理解（第一节共20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
2015上海高考物理试卷及问题详解
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海物理试卷本试卷共7页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
全卷包括六大题，第一、第二大题为单项选择题，第三大题为多项选择题，第四大题为填空题，第五大题为实验题，第六大题为计算题。
考生注意：1、答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
2、第一、第二和第三大题的作答必须用2B铅笔涂在答题纸上相应区域内与试卷题号对应的位置，需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
第四、第五和第六大题的作答必须用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置（作图可用铅笔）。
3、第30、31、32、33题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分。
有关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
一．单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确选项。
）1．（2015年上海高考）X射线（）（A）不是电磁波（B）具有反射和折射的特性（C）只能在介质中传播（D）不能发生干涉和衍射2．（2015年上海高考）如图，P为桥墩，A为靠近桥墩浮在水面的叶片，波源S连续振动，形成水波，此时叶片A静止不动。
为使水波能带动叶片振动，可用的方法是（）（A）提高波源频率（B）降低波源频率（C）增加波源距桥墩的距离（D）减小波源距桥墩的距离3．（2015年上海高考）如图，鸟沿虚线斜向上加速飞行，空气对其作用力可能是（）（A）F1（B）F2（C）F2（D）F44．（2015年上海高考）一定质量的理想气体在升温过程中（）（A）分子平均势能减小（B）每个分子速率都增大（C）分子平均动能增大（D）分子间作用力先增大后减小5．（2015年上海高考）铀核可以发生衰变和裂变，铀核的 （ ）（A ）衰变和裂变都能自发发生（B ）衰变和裂变都不能自发发生（C ）衰变能自发发生而裂变不能自发发生（D ）衰变不能自发发生而裂变能自发发生6．（2015年上海高考）23290Th 经过一系列α衰变和β衰变后变成20882Pb ，则20882Pb 比23290Th 少（ ） （A ）16个中子，8个质子（B ）8个中子，l6个质子 （C ）24个中子，8个质子 （D ）8个中子，24个质子7．（2015年上海高考）在α粒子散射实验中，电子对α粒子运动的影响可以忽略。
2015年-全国高考数学文试题精品解析上海卷_高考试题1_2015年
2015年高考上海卷文数试题解析（精编版）（解析版）一．填空题（本大题共14小题，满分56分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律零分）1.函数x x f 2sin 31)(-=的最小正周期为 . 【答案】π2.设全集R =U .若集合}4,3,2,1{=A ，}32|{<≤=x x B ，则=)(B C A U . 【答案】}4,1{【解析】因为}32|{<≤=x x B ，所以2|{<=x x B C U 或}3≥x ，又因为}4,3,2,1{=A ， 所以}4,1{)(=B C A U . 【考点定位】集合的运算.3.若复数z 满足i z z +=+13，其中i 是虚数单位，则=z . 【答案】i 2141+ 【解析】设),(R ∈+=b a bi a z ，则bi a z -=，因为i z z +=+13，所以i bi a bi a +=-++1)(3，即i bi a +=+124，所以⎩⎨⎧==1214b a ，即⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧==2141b a ，所以i z 2141+=.【考点定位】复数的概念，复数的运算.4.设)(1x f-为12)(+=x x x f 的反函数，则=-)2(1f . 【答案】32-5.若线性方程组的增广矩阵为 ⎝⎛02 13 ⎪⎪⎭⎫21c c 解为⎩⎨⎧==53y x ，则=-21c c .【答案】166.若正三棱柱的所有棱长均为a ，且其体积为316，则=a . 【答案】4 【解析】依题意，3162321=⨯⨯⨯⨯a a a ，解得4=a . 【考点定位】等边三角形的性质，正三棱柱的性质.7.抛物线)0(22>=p px y 上的动点Q 到焦点的距离的最小值为1，则=p .【答案】2【解析】依题意，点Q 为坐标原点，所以12=p，即2=p . 【考点定位】抛物线的性质，最值.8. 方程2)23(log )59(log 1212+-=---x x 的解为 . 【答案】2【考点定位】对数方程.【名师点睛】利用24log 2=，)0,0(log log log >>=+n m mn n m a a a 将已知方程变形同底数2的两个对数式相等，再根据真数相等得到关于x 的指数方程，再利用换元法求解.与对数有关的问题，应注意对数的真数大于零.9.若y x ,满足⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥≤+≥-020y y x y x ，则目标函数y x z 2+=的最大值为 .【答案】3【考点定位】不等式组表示的平面区域，简单的线性规划.10. 在报名的3名男教师和6名女教师中，选取5人参加义务献血，要求男、女教师都有，则不同的选取方式的种数为 （结果用数值表示）. 【答案】120【考点定位】组合，分类计数原理.11.在62)12(xx +的二项式中，常数项等于 （结果用数值表示）. 【答案】240【解析】由r r r rrr r x C xx C T 366626612)1()2(---+⋅⋅=⋅⋅=，令036=-r ，所以2=r ，所以常数项为2402426=⋅C .【考点定位】二项式定理.【名师点睛】求二项展开式中的指定项，一般是利用通项公式进行，化简通项公式后，令字母的指数符合要求(求常数项时，指数为零；求有理项时，指数为整数等)．12.已知双曲线1C 、2C 的顶点重合，1C 的方程为1422=-y x ，若2C 的一条渐近线的斜率是1C 的一条渐近线的斜率的2倍，则2C 的方程为 .【答案】14422=-y x【考点定位】双曲线的性质，直线的斜率.13.已知平面向量a 、b 、c 满足b a ⊥，且}3,2,1{|}||,||,{|=c b a ，则||c b a ++的最大值是 . 【答案】53+【考点定位】平向量的模，向量垂直.【名师点睛】本题考查分析转化能力.设向量a 、b 、c 的坐标，用坐标表示c b a ++，利用辅助角公式求三角函数的最值.即可求得||c b a ++的最大值.14.已知函数x x f sin )(=.若存在1x ，2x ，⋅⋅⋅，m x 满足π6021≤<⋅⋅⋅<<≤m x x x ，且12|)()(||)()(||)()(|13221=-+⋅⋅⋅+-+--m m x f x f x f x f x f x f ),2(*∈≥N m m ，则m 的最小值为. 【答案】8二．选择题（本大题共4小题，满分20分）每题有且只有一个正确答案案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律零分.15. 设1z 、C ∈2z ，则“1z 、2z 均为实数”是“21z z -是实数”的（ ）. A. 充分非必要条件 B.必要非充分条件 C.充要条件 D.既非充分又非必要条件 【答案】A【解析】设),(11111R ∈+=b a i b a z ，),(22222R ∈+=b a i b a z ，若1z 、2z 均为实数，则021==b b ，所以21212121)(a a i b b a a z z -=-+-=-是实数；【考点定位】复数的概念，充分条件、必要条件的判定.16. 下列不等式中，与不等式23282<+++x x x 解集相同的是（ ）.A. 2)32)(8(2<+++x x x B. )32(282++<+x x xC. 823212+<++x x xD.218322>+++x x x 【答案】B17. 已知点 A 的坐标为)1,34(，将OA 绕坐标原点O 逆时针旋转3π至OB ，则点B 的纵坐标为（ ）. A.233 B. 235 C.211 D. 213 【答案】D因为491)34(2222=+=+n m ，所以491692722=+n n ，所以213=n 或213-=n （舍去），所以点B 的纵坐标为213. 【考点定位】三角函数的定义，和角的正切公式，两点间距离公式.18. 设),(n n n y x P 是直线)(12*∈+=-N n n ny x 与圆222=+y x 在第一象限的交点，则极限=--∞→11limn n n x y ( ).A. 1-B. 21-C. 1D. 2 【答案】A三．解答题（本大题共5题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19.（本题满分12分）如图，圆锥的顶点为P ，底面的一条直径为AB ，C 为半圆弧AB 的中点，E 为劣弧CB 的中点.已知2=PO ，1=OA ，求三棱锥AOC P -的体积，并求异面直线PA 与OE 所成角的大小.【答案】1010arccos【考点定位】圆锥的性质，异面直线的夹角.20.（本题满分14分）本题共2小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分. 已知函数xax x f 1)(2+=，其中a 为实数. （1）根据a 的不同取值，判断函数)(x f 的奇偶性，并说明理由； （2）若)3,1(∈a ，判断函数)(x f 在]2,1[上的单调性，并说明理由. 【答案】（1）)(x f 是非奇非偶函数；（2）函数)(x f 在]2,1[上单调递增.【解析】（1）当0=a 时，xx f 1)(=，显然是奇函数； 当0≠a 时，1)1(+=a f ，1)1(-=-a f ，)1()1(-≠f f 且0)1()1(≠-+f f ， 所以此时)(x f 是非奇非偶函数.【考点定位】函数的奇偶性、单调性.21.（本小题14分）本题共2小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分.如图，C B A ,,三地有直道相通，5=AB 千米，3=AC 千米，4=BC 千米.现甲、乙两警员同时从A 地出发匀速前往B 地，经过t 小时，他们之间的距离为)(t f （单位：千米）.甲的路线是AB ，速度为5千米/小时，乙的路线是ACB ，速度为8千米/小时.乙到达B 地后原地等待.设1t t =时乙到达C 地. （1）求1t 与)(1t f 的值；（2）已知警员的对讲机的有效通话距离是3千米.当11≤≤t t 时，求)(t f 的表达式，并判断)(t f 在]1,[1t 上得最大值是否超过3？说明理由.【答案】（1）h 83，8413千米；（2）超过了3千米. 【解析】（1）h v AC t 831==乙，设此时甲运动到点P ，则8151==t v AP 甲千米， 所以=⋅⋅-+==A AP AC AP AC PC t f cos 2)(22184135381532)815(322=⨯⨯⨯-+=千米.【考点定位】余弦定理的实际运用，函数的值域.【名师点睛】分段函数是一类重要的函数模型．解决分段函数问题，关键抓住在不同的段内研究问题， 分段函数的值域，先求各段函数的值域，再求并集.22.（本题满分14分）本题共3个小题，第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题6分. 已知椭圆1222=+y x ，过原点的两条直线1l 和2l 分别于椭圆交于A 、B 和C 、D ，设AOC ∆的面积为S .（1）设),(11y x A ，),(22y x C ，用A 、C 的坐标表示点C 到直线1l 的距离，并证明||21221y x y x S -=；（2）设kx y l =:1，)33,33(C ，31=S ，求k 的值； （3）设1l 与2l 的斜率之积为m ，求m 的值，使得无论1l 与2l 如何变动，面积S 保持不变.【答案】（1）详见解析；（2）1-=k 或51-=k ；（3）21-=m .由（1）得2111221216|1|3|3333|21||21kk kx x y x y x S +-=-=-= 由题意知31216|1|32=+-k k ，解得1-=k 或51-=k . （3）设kx y l =:1，则x k m y l =:2，设),(11y x A ，),(22y x C ， 由⎩⎨⎧=+=1222y x kx y ，的221211k x +=， 同理2222222)(211m k k k m x +=+=，由（1）知，||||||21||21||2121212111221x x k m k kx x k mx x y x y x S ⋅-⋅=⋅-⋅=-= 22222212||mk k m k +⋅+-=， 整理得0)18()2164()18(22222242=-++++-m S k m m S S k S ，由题意知S 与k 无关， 则⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=++=-021*********m m S S S ，解得⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-==21812m S . 所以21-=m . 【考点定位】椭圆的性质，直线与椭圆的位置关系.23.（本题满分16分）本题共3小题.第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题6分. 已知数列}{n a 与}{n b 满足)(211n n n n b b a a -=-++，*∈N n .（1）若53+=n b n ，且11=a ，求数列}{n a 的通项公式；（2）设}{n a 的第0n 项是最大项，即)N (0*∈≥n a a n n ，求证：数列}{n b 的第0n 项是最大项；（3）设130a λ=<，n n b λ=)N (*∈n ，求λ的取值范围，使得对任意m ，*∈N n ，0n a ≠，且 1(,6)6m na a ∈. 【答案】（1）56-=n a n ；（2）详见解析；（3）)0,41(-.（3）因为n n b λ=，所以)(211n n n n a a λλ-=-++，当2≥n 时，112211)()()(a a a a a a a a n n n n n +-+⋅⋅⋅+-+-=---λλλλλλλ3)(2(2)(22211+-+⋅⋅⋅+-+-=---n n n n λλ+=n 2，由指数函数的单调性知，}{n a 的最大值为0222<+=λλa ，最小值为λ31=a ， 由题意，n m a a 的最大值及最小值分别是12321+=λa a 及31212+=λa a ， 由61312>+λ及6123<+λ，解得041<<-λ， 综上所述，λ的取值范围是)0,41(-. 【考点定位】数列的递推公式，等差数列的性质，常数列，数列的最大项，指数函数的单调性.。
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完成下列填空
23.Ca(OH)2的碱性比Mg(OH)2的碱性（选填“强”或“弱”）
Ca(OH)2的溶解度比Mg(OH)2的溶解度（选填“大”或“小”）
24.碳化温度保持在50~60℃。温度偏高不利于碳化反应，原因是、。温度偏低也不利于碳化反应，原因是。
已知H2O2能氧化甲酸生成二氧化碳和水。
如果H2O2用量不足，会导致甲醛含量的测定结果（选填“偏高”、“偏低”或“不受影响”），因为；如果H2O2过量，会导致甲醛含量的测定结果（选填“偏高”、“偏低”或“不受影响”），因为。
40.甲醛和新制氢氧化铜的反应显示了甲醛的还原性，发生反应的化学方程式通常表示如下：
氯碱工业以电解精制饱和食盐水的方法制取氯气、氢气、烧碱和氯的含氧酸盐等系列化工产品。下图是离子交换膜法电解食盐水的示意图，图中的离子交换膜只允许阳离子通过。
完成下列填空：
27.写出电解饱和食盐水的离子方程式。
28.离子交换膜的作用为：、。
29.精制饱和食盐水从图中位置补充，氢氧化钠溶液从图中位置流出。（选填“a”、“b”、“c”或“d”）
甲醛水溶液的浓度为mol/L。
38.上述滴定中，若滴定管规格为50mL，甲醛水溶液取样不能超过mL。
39.工业甲醛含量测定的另一种方法：在甲醛水溶液中加入过氧化氢，将甲醛氧化为甲酸，然后用已知浓度的氢氧化钠溶液滴定。
HCHO + H2O2→ HCOOH +H2O
NaOH + HCOOH → HCOONa + H2O
30.杀菌剂ClO2，还生成CO2和KHSO4等物质。
写出该反应的化学方程式
31.室温下，0.1 mol/L NaClO溶液的pH0.1 mol/L Na2SO3溶液的pH。（选填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”）
浓度均为0.1 mol/L的Na2SO3和Na2CO3的混合溶液中，SO32–、CO32–、HSO3–、HCO3–浓度从大到小的顺序为。
十、（本题共
氨碱法制纯碱包括石灰石分解、粗盐水精制、氨盐水碳酸化等基本步骤。
完成下列计算：
51.CaCO3质量分数为0.90的石灰石100 kg完成分解产生CO2L（标准状况）。
石灰窑中，该石灰石100 kg与焦炭混合焙烧，产生CO229120 L（标准状况），
如果石灰石中碳酸钙完全分解，且焦炭完全燃烧，不产生CO，则焦炭的物质的量为mol。
HCHO+ 2 Cu(OH)2 HCOOH + Cu2O↓ + 2H2O
若向足量新制氢氧化铜中加入少量甲醛，充分反应，甲醛的氧化产物不是甲酸或甲酸盐，设计一个简单实验验证这一判断。
①主要仪器：试管酒精灯
②可供选用的试剂：硫酸铜溶液甲醛甲酸氢氧化钠溶液
八
对溴苯乙烯与丙烯的共聚物是一种高分子阻燃剂，具有低毒、热稳定性好等优点。
A. 3种B. 4种C.5种D. 6种
三
18.下列反应中的氨与反应4NH3+ 5O2→ 4NO + 6H2O中的氨作用相同的是
A.2Na + 2NH3→ 2NaNH2+ H2↑B.2NH3+ 3CuO → 3Cu + N2+3H2O
C.4NH3+6NO→5N2+ 6H2OD.3SiH4+ 4NH3→ Si3N4+ 12H2
47.设计反应②的目的是。
48.B的结构简式为；C的名称是。
49.写出一种满足下列条件的D的同分异构体的结构简式。
①芳香族化合物②能发生水解反应③有3种不同环境的氢原子
1 mol该物质与NaOH溶液共热最多消耗mol NaOH。
50.普鲁卡因的三条合成路线中，第一条合成路线与第二条、第三条相比不太理想，理由是。
A.分子式为C9H5O4
B. 1mol咖啡酸最多可与5mol氢气发生加成反应
C.与溴水既能发生取代反应，又能发生加成反应
D.能与Na2CO3溶液反应，但不能与NaHCO3溶液反应
10.卤代烃的制备有多种方法，下列卤代烃不适合由相应的烃经卤代反应制得的是
A. B. C. D.
11.下列有关物质性质的比较，错误的是
34.检验CaO2·8H2O是否洗净的方法是。
35.CaO2·8H2O加热脱水的过程中，需不断通入不含二氧化碳的氧气，
目的是、。
36.已知CaO2在350℃迅速分解生成CaO和O2。下图是实验室测定产品中CaO2含量的装置（夹持装置省略）。
若所取产品质量是mg，测得气体体积为VmL（已换算成标准状况），则产品中CaO2的质量分数为（用字母表示）。
B.氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比为1:2
C.每生成1molNa2S2O3，转移4mol电子
D.相同条件下，每吸收10m3SO2就会放出2.5m3CO2
22.将O2和NH3的混合气体448mL通过加热的三氧化二铬，充分反应后，再通过足量的水，最终收集到44.8mL气体。原混合气体中O2的体积可能是（假设氨全部被氧化；气体体积均已换算成标准状况）
8. 已知H2O2在催化剂作用下分解速率加快，其能量随反应进程的变化如下图所示。下列说法正确的是
A.加入催化剂，减小了反应的热效应
B.加入催化剂，可提高H2O2的平衡转化率
C.H2O2分解的热化学方程式：H2O2→ H2O + O2+ Q
D.反应物的总能量高于生成物的总能量
9. 已知咖啡酸的结构如右图所示。关于咖啡酸的描述正确的是
A.溶解度：小苏打<苏打B.密度：溴乙烷>水
C.硬度：晶体硅<金刚石D.碳碳键键长：乙烯>苯
12.与氢硫酸反应有沉淀生成的电解质是
A.硫酸铜B.氢氧化钠C.硫酸亚铁D.二氧化硫
13.实验室回收废水中苯酚的过程如右图所示。下列分析错误的是
A.操作I中苯作萃取剂
B.苯酚钠在苯中的溶解度比在水中的大
C.通过操作II苯可循环使用
完成下列填空：
41.写出该共聚物的结构简式。
42.实验室由乙苯制取对溴苯乙烯，需先经两步反应制得中间体 。
写出该两步反应所需的试剂及条件。
43.将 与足量氢氧化钠溶液共热得到A，A在酸性条件下遇FeCl3溶液不显色。
A的结构简式为。
由上述反应可推知。
由A生成对溴苯乙烯的反应条件为。
44.丙烯催化二聚得到2,3-二甲基-1-丁烯，B与2,3-二甲基-1-丁烯互为同分异构体，且所有碳原子处于同一平面。
2.下列物质见光不会分解的是
A. HClOB.NH4ClC. HNO3D. AgNO3
3.某晶体中含有极性键，关于该晶体的说法错误的是
A.不可能有很高的熔沸点B.不可能是单质
C.可能是有机物D.可能是离子晶体
4.不能作为判断硫、氯两种元素非金属性强弱的依据是
A.单质氧化性的强弱B.单质沸点的高低
C.单质与氢气化合的难易D.最高价氧化物对应的水化物酸性的强弱
25. 已知某次碳化时溶液中钙离子浓度随时间的变化如右图所示，在10 min到13 min之内钙离子的反应速率为。15 min之后钙离子浓度增大，原因是（用化学方程式表示）。
26.Mg原子核外电子排布式为；Ca原子最外层电子的能量Mg原子最外层电子的能量。（选填“低于”、“高于”或“等于”）
五、（本题共
1在NH4Cl溶液中加入Ca(OH)2；
2不断搅拌的同时加入30%H2O2，反应生成CaO2·8H2O沉淀；
3经过陈化、过滤，水洗得到CaO2·8H2O，再脱水干燥得到CaO2。
完成下列填空
32.第①步反应的化学方程式为。
第②步反应的化学方程式为。
33.可循环使用的物质是。
工业上常采用Ca(OH)2过量而不是H2O2过量的方式来生产，这是因为。
5.二氧化硫能使溴水褪色，说明二氧化硫具有
A.还原性B.氧化性C.漂白性D.酸性
二、选择题（本题共
6.将Na、Na2O、NaOH、Na2S、Na2SO4分别加热熔化，需要克服相同类型作用力的物质有
A.2种B.3种C.4种D.5种
7.检验用硫酸亚铁制得的硫酸铁中是否含有硫酸亚铁，可选用的试剂是
A. NaOHB.KMnO4C.KSCND.苯酚
A.元素丙的单质可用于冶炼金属B.甲与丁形成的分子中由非极性分子
C.简单离子半径：丁>乙>丙D.甲与乙形成的化合物均有氧化性
17.某无色溶液含有下列离子中的若干种：H+、NH4+、Fe3+、Ba2+、Al3+、CO32–、Cl–、OH–、NO3–。向该溶液中加入铝粉，只放出H2，则溶液中能大量存在的离子最多有
A.231.5mLB.268.8mLC.287.5mLD.313.6mL
四、（本题共
白云石的主要成份是CaCO3·MgCO3，在我国有大量的分布。以白云石为原料生产的钙镁系列产品有广泛的用途。白云石经煅烧、消化后得到钙镁的氢氧化物，再经过碳化实现Ca2+、Mg2+的分离。碳化反应是放热反应，化学方程式如下：
写出B的结构简式。
设计一条由2,3-二甲基-1-丁烯制备B的合成路线。
（合成路线常用的表示方式为： ）
九、（本题共
局部麻醉药普鲁卡因E（结构简式为 ）的三条合成路线如下图所示（部分反应试剂和条件已省略）：
完成下列填空：
45.比A多一个碳原子，且一溴代物只有3种的A的同系物的名称是。
46.写出反应试剂和反应条件。反应①③
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海化学试卷
相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Cl-35.5 Ca-40
一
1.中国科学技术名词审定委员会已确定第116号元素Lv的名称为鉝。关于 的叙述错误的是