英语的基本成分有七种
初中英语句子结构和句型细致讲解
8. He made
5. They ate
6. Danny likes
7. I
want
4. He said
the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
week. 5) We saw the pupils playing basketball.
表语:是谓语的一部分,它位于系动 词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征, 属性或状态。
1)Wang’s father is a doctor. 2) He is always careless. 3) The basketball match is on. 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. 5) Our aim is to win more medals. 6) His work is teaching French. 7) The question is who can really repair the
双宾语
5. Uncle Li bought 20 sheep this year. 6. Tom is reading a book . ☆ She enjoys collecting stamps .
名词充当宾语
动名词短语
定语
1. We all like interesting stories. 2. The book on the bed is mine . 3. Do you know that woman? 4. She wears a red blouse and a white skirt. 5. Jim missed the sports meeting last week. 6. Tom’s aunt is very rich. 7. Whose book is it? 8. A good friend is someone who makes me happy.
(完整word版)英语的基本成分有七种
1. The sun│was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon│rose.月亮升起了。
3. The universe│remains.宇宙长存。
4. We all│breathe, eat, and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. He│is growing│tall and strong.他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is│that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well│has gone│dry.我们井干枯了。
8. His face│turned│red.他的脸红了。
4. He│denies│her│nothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I│showed│him│my pictures.我给他看我的照片
6. I│gave│my car│a wash.我洗了我的汽车。
7. I│told│him│that the bus was late.我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He│showed│me│how to run the machine.他教我开机器。
7. I│want│to have dmits│that he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误。
基本句型四主 谓 间宾 直宾
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语 如give给pass递bring带show显示。这两个宾语
通常一个指人为间接宾语,一个指物为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫叫做连系动
词。
系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况。get, grow, become, turn等属另一类 表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来
英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳
英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:S V(主+谓)二:S V P(主+系+表)三:S V O(主+谓+宾)四:S V O O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型:S V (主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S│ V(不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢?6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
句子成分英语中的句子成分有七种
句子成分:英语中的句子成分有七种:①主语:用于说明人或事物执行某一动作,表明“谁”或“什么”。
常由名词、代词和数词来担任。
如:I love the book. The book is my friend. 我喜欢这本书。
这本书是我的朋友。
(名词作主语)②谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,表明“做什么”或“是什么”。
常由实义动词或系动词加上表语部分来充当。
如:Mother is a teacher. 妈妈是一名教师。
(系表作谓语)She likes music. 她喜欢音乐。
(动词作谓语)③宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。
如:He learns English well. 他英语学得好。
(作动词宾语)I'm interested in handwriting. 我对书法很感兴趣。
(作介词宾语)④补语:说明宾语、主语“做什么”或“处于某种状态”。
常由名词、形容词等词类来担任。
如:The teacher named me Lucy. 老师叫我露茜。
(名词作补语)V ery loud noises can make people ill. 非常大的噪音会让人得病。
(形容词作补语)⑤表语:放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的成分,表明“什么”,“怎么样”。
多由名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词和介词短语来担任。
如:She looks nice. 她看上去很漂亮。
(形容词作表语)Ann is in the classroom. 安在教室里。
(介词短语作表语)⑥定语:用于修饰和限制名词或代词的成分,表明“谁的”、“怎么样”等。
多由名词、数词、形容词、代词和介词短语等来充当。
如:My friend is a middle school student. 我的朋友是一名中学生。
(名词作定语)The man with black glasses liked sweet food. 戴墨镜的那个人喜欢吃甜食。
英语句子成分及五种基本句型
1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner smells good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. Everything looks different.
一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
什么可以作谓语?
We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English.
及物动词 vt
My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. 不及物动词 vi
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾
例句 他时常弹吉他。 A
例句B 我想喝杯茶。
例句C 我不知道什么时候离开这儿。
例句 我承认伤害了你。 D
Tip 1
某些特定的动词习惯于用动词不定式作为其宾语,如: attempt,decide,expect,hope,learn,need, pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等
I’d like to have some coffee.
动词不定式
I enjoy working with you.
动名词
I think you are right.
宾语从句及复合宾语
I really don’t know what to do next.
思考: 一个句子中若可以存在宾语,其谓语动词应该具备 什么特点呢?
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾
英语句子成分主要有哪几种
英语句子成分主要有哪几种英语句子主要由主语部分和谓语部分组成,英语的句子成分主要有以下七种:主语、谓语或谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
主语一般位于句首,是全句所要表达的动作或状态的发出者,一般由名词或相当于名词的词汇担任。
谓语或谓语动词是用来表达主语做出的动作,或所处的状态的词汇,一般紧跟在主语之后,由动词承担。
表语是用于表达主语的身份或特征的,一般处于系动词或连系动词的后面,由形容词或名词承担。
宾语则是及物动词的动作对象,一般处于及物动词之后,由名词或相当于名词的词承担。
定语常放在名词或相当于名词的词前面,起限定或修饰该名词的作用,常由形容词承担。
状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至全局的副词,或相当于副词的短语或从句,放在被修饰的词汇的前后均可。
补语是起补充说明作用的,可用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份状态等。
例句1:Modern airplanes have two black boxes.Modern airplanes名词短语作句子的主语,形容词modern修饰名词airplanes,作定语,实意动词have作谓语动词,紧跟该动词之后的是宾语,即two black boxes,two是数词作定语,表示数量,形容词black修饰boxes作定语。
例句2:She was a bank manager.She是句子的主语,was是系动词,a bank manager位于系动词was之后,因此从语法成分上讲,名词词组a bank manager是表语。
例句3:It left more than 2,000 people dead.形容词dead在此句中作宾语people的补语,起补充说明宾语的状态,是宾语补足语。
例句4:He was declared a traitor by the Court.A traitor在该句中用于补充说明主语he的状态,因此我们称之为主语补足语。
英语句子成分讲解
三、宾语:
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
S │V(及物)│ o(多指人) │ O(多指物) 1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。 3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。 S │V(及物动词)│ O│ C We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名) We will make them happy. (形容词)
四、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. (副词) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式) His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式) Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
专题 2 句子成分和结构 -2023年暑假初升高英语衔接宝典(新高一适用)
专题 2 句子的成分与结构知识对接接点1句子成分英语的句子成分主要有七种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
除了这七种主要成分之外,还有同位语和独立成分的说法。
其中独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系,能用作独立成分的有感叹语、呼语和插入语。
接点2简单句的五种基本结构1.句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种句子结构的基础。
2.五种基本句型结构如下:①S V(主+谓)He never lies.他从不撒谎。
②S V O(主+谓十宾)I like apples very much.我非常喜欢苹果。
③S V IO DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)My parents bought me a new backpack.我父母给我买了一个新书包。
④S V O OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)I saw a boy playing basketball.我看见一个男孩正在打篮球。
⑤S V P(主+系+表)The milk went sour.牛奶变味了。
注:主语(Subject) 谓语(Predicate) 宾语(Object)定语(Attribute) 状语(Adverbial) 补语(Complement) 表语(Predicative)难点突破突破1主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词(如the rich)、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句等。
Tom is a clever boy.(人名作主语)拓展训练用下划线画出下列句子的主语,并说明其所属的词性或语法结构1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2. We often speak English in class.3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.4. To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9. That he isn't at home is not true.答案:1. During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular,(名词短语)2.We often speak English in class.(代词)3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.(动词不定式)5.Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)6.The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(It为代词,作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的动词不定式)9.That he isn't at home is not true.(主语从句)突破2谓语谓语通常由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,一般放在主语之后。
英语句子基本成分
英语句子基本成分什么是句子?句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有“.?!”I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)。
1)主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首.The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe.They are good friends.句子成分练习题( 一)(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2) 谓语:谓语说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成.They are teachers. She looks well.He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB.didC. whomD. book3) 表语:表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.I am a teacher. She is happy.Everybody is here. They are at home now.My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.4) 宾语:宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.She plays the piano. He often helps me.I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?5) 宾语补足语:在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用.它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当.If you let me go, I’ll make you king.Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home.I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day.I heard my name called.(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?6) 状语:状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度.一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当.He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen.(六) 挑出下列句中的状语①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.7) 定语:定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语.The black bike is mine.What’s your name? A broken vase.I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.(七) 挑出下列句中的定语①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!Exercise指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many film that I’d like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?10.I have a lot of work to do .11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .12.I said it in fun .13.We can send a car over to fetch you .14.She had to work standing up .15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .18.We should serve the people heart and soul.19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .23.It was in the library that I come today .24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the。
初中英语句子成分分析及五种基本句型
句子的成分句子是由词按一定语法结构组成的,能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。
句子的开头第一个字母必须要大写,结尾要有句号“.”,问号“?”或感叹号“!”。
1 句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。
表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。
其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分:1 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~)我们在一中学习。
To teach them English is my job. (不定式作主语)教他们英语是我的工作。
注意不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. (真正的主语是to teach them English.)2 谓语说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
His Parents are doctors. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)他的父母亲是医生。
She looks well.(系动词和表语一起作谓语)她看起来气色(面色)很好。
We study hard.(实义动词作谓语)我们努力学习。
We have finished reading the book. (助动词和实义动词一起作谓语)我们已经看完了这本书。
He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语)他会说英语。
英语的基本成分有七种
英语的基本成分有七种:subject predicate predicativeobject attribute(adverbial) complement一、主+二、主+系+三、主+谓+四、主+谓+间宾+五、主+谓+宾+宾补基本句型主语:可以作主语的成分有名词:如boy、主格代词如you、动词不定式、动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词谓语:,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词:vi没有We come.1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares?6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型词。
系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况。
get, grow, become, turn表示变化。
be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。
其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/smell bad/1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
英语句子成分学案解析
句子成分及结构一句子成分现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种:除主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)之外还有表语(predicative)(同位语)。
1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。
练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true练习2. 改错1)Do exercise everyday is good for your health.2)All what he said isn’t true.3)He came late made his teacher angry.4)On the desk is two books.2.谓语:谓语由动词充当,说明主语所作的动作或具有的特征和状态。
英语句子成分、种类、练习
宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语的复合结构
八)其他成分 同位语(从句): 对其前面的名词、代词做进一步解释.
That is r. Chen, our English teacher.
China, our motherland, is becoming stronger.
The fact that he told a lie to his mom surprised us.
插入语: 对一句话作一些附加的解释.其作用是句子表意严 密化,补足句意,包括说话者对话语的态度,或引起听话 者的注意。 To be honest, I don’t quite agree with you.
To tell you the truth, I don’t like the film at all.
• 一) 主语:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事, • 由名、代、数、不定式、动名词、短语或句子 来充当。 • 通常位于句首。
Animals also have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词 Three plus four equals seven. 数词 To see is to believe. to do不定式 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动名词 Whether they will come or not depends on the weather. 句子(主语从句)
• (五) 挑出下列句中的定语
• ① They use Mr./ Mrs. with the family name. • ② What is your given name? • ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. • ④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. • ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
英语句子成分
找出下列句子的宾语
① My brother hasn’t done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your job.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
宾语补足语
• 在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的 意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表 达完整的意思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么 样的作用.
• If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? 6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. 7.They made him monitor of the class. 8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. .
什么是句子?
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的, 是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句 子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要 有.? !
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
句子包括哪些成分?
英语的基本成分有七种
英语的基本成分有七种:subject predicatepredicativeobject attribute(adverbial)complement一、主+二、主+系+三、主+谓+四、主+谓+间宾+五、主+谓+宾+宾补主语:可以作主语的成分有名词:如boy、主格代词如you、动词不定式、动名词等。
谓语:谓,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词:vi Wecome.叫做不1.Thesun│wasshining.太阳在照耀着。
2.Themoon│rose.月亮升起了。
3.Theuniverse│remains.宇宙长存。
4.Weall│breathe,eat,anddrink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5.Who│cares?管6.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.他所讲的没有什么关系。
7.They│talkedforhalfanhour.他们谈了半个小时。
8.Thepen│writessmoothly这支笔书写流利。
加上一做连系动词。
系动词分两类:be,look,keep,seem等属一类,表示情况。
get,grow,become,turnbe本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。
其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:lookwell/面色好,soundnice/听起来不错,feelgood/smellbad/1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.这是本英汉辞典。
2.Thedinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。
3.He│fell│inlove.他堕入了情网。
4.Everything│looks│different.一切看来都不同了。
5.He│isgrowing│tallandstrong.他长得又高又壮6.Thetrouble│is│thattheyareshortofmoney.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7.Ourwell│hasgone│dry.我们井干枯了。
句子成分的划分
句子成分:英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:S+ V(主+谓)二:S + V + P(主+系+表)三:S+ V+ O(主+谓+宾)四:S +V +o+ O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:S +V +O+ C(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:S+ V(主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
如:1. We come.2. The moon rose.3. Who cares?基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等表示变化。
be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。
其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
感官动词多可用作连系动词:sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻如:1. The dinner smells good2. He is growing tall and strong.3. His face turned red.基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)特点:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语(即动作的承受者)才能使意思完整。
英语句子七种基本成分
英语句子七种基本成分英语句子有七种基本成分分别为:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语;这七种成分中,主语、谓语、宾语、表语及补语为句子主杆,定语、状语为分枝,与汉语有点相近;汉语中没有表语,因为汉语中的名词和形容词是可以作谓语的,而英语中名词与形容词是不可以的,英语中的名词和形容词只能跟在连系动词后作表语,构成系表结构相当于谓语;一.主语:句子的主体,可以由名词、代词、非限定动词过去分词除外、相当于名词、代词的短语或从句主语从句来充当;Englishisalanguagespokenallovertheworld.名词Idon'tlikethewayyouspeak.代词Tomasteralanguageisnotasdifficultasitissaid.非限定动词短语Whathesaidmadehisfriendunhappy.从句二.谓语:主体的行为、动作或状态,由限定动词来充当;情态动词和助动词不能单独构成谓语,助动词必须和主动词一起构成复合谓语,情态动词要与不带“to”的不定式一起构成复合谓语;Thepolicefinallyfoundthemissingboy.单个动词作谓语Iwasdoingmyhomeworkalldayyesterday.复合谓语Youcan'texpecttheworldthewayyouwant.复合谓语三.宾语:主体行为动作的对象或内容,可以由名词、代词、非限定动词过去分词除外、相当于名词、代词的短语或从句宾语从句来充当; Theyarelookingforabetterwaytocutdownthecost.名词短语Mostchildrenenjoyplayinggames.非限定动词短语Canyoutellmewhyyoudidnotcometoschoolyesterday从句四.定语:对句中的名词或代词起修饰或限定作用,由名词、形容词、非限定动词、短语或从句定语从句来充当;Wehavemoreboystudentsthangirlstudentsinourclass.名词Dolphinisoneofthemostbeautifulcreaturesunderwater.形容词AdoctorfromBeijingwillbearrivingtomorrow.介词短语Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneydiscoveredinthelibrary.过去分词短语IstillrememberthedayswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewithmygrandparents.定语从句五.状语:对句子中的动词、形容词、副词乃至整个句子起修饰作用表明事物的状态或逻辑关系,可以由副词、非限定动词、短语或从句状语从句充当; Soundtravelsmuchfasterthananairplanebutlighttravelsevenfasterthansound.修饰动词和副词Sheisextremelybeautifulinthisdress.修饰形容词WhenIwasyoungIusedtoreadfairytales.修饰句子六.补语:对句中的宾语起补充说明作用,也叫宾语补语,可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、非限定动词或短语来充当;Wemadehimcaptainofourfootballteam.名词Theworkersfounditimpossibletofinishtheprojectintwoweeks形容词Whenshewokeupatmidnightshefoundthelightstillon.副词Marythoughtshehadn’tmadethestudentsunderstandingherclearly.非限定动词七.表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态,可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、非限定动词或短语及从句表语从句来充当; SocialnetworkingsareavailabletoallstudentsinChinatoday.形容词Acomputermouseisnotasmallanimalthatlivesinbuildingsandopenfields.名词短语Seeingisbelieving.非限定动词Whatshecouldn'tunderstandwaswhyfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.表语从句。
【语法】高中英语句子结构分析一:S V (主 谓)
句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:一.SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型 一:S V (主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S│V 不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all│breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │does not matter. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
英语的基本成分有七种:主语subject、谓语predicate、表语predicative、宾语object、定语attribute、状语(adverbial) 和补语complement。
英语五种基本句型列式如下一、主+谓二、主+系+表三、主+谓+宾四、主+谓+间宾+直宾五、主+谓+宾+宾补基本句型一主谓主语:可以作主语的成分有名词:如boy、主格代词如you、动词不定式、动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家谓语:谓语由动词构成是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词:vi 没有宾语形成主谓结构如We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型二主系表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况。
get, grow, become, turn等属另一类表示变化。
be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。
其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好smell bad/难闻│是系动词│1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
There be 结构There be 表示‘存在有’。
这里的there没有实际意义不可与副词‘there 那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词表示‘存在有某事物’试比较There is a boy there.那儿有一个男孩。
/前一个there无实意后一个there为副词‘那里’。
基本句型三主谓宾此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义都是主语产生的动作但不能表达完整的意思必须跟有一个宾语即动作的承受者才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫做及物动词。
宾语位于及物动词之后一般同主语构成一样不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘宾格’如me him them等│及物动词│1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说"早上好"7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
基本句型四主谓间宾直宾有些及物动词可以有两个宾语如give给pass递bring带show显示。
这两个宾语通常一个指人为间接宾语,一个指物为直接宾语。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。
如Give me a cup of tea,please. 强调间接宾语顺序为动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。
如Show this house to Mr.Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。
如Bring it to me,please.│及物多指│多指物1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
基本句型五主谓宾宾补此句型的句子的共同特点是动词虽然是及物动词但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。
宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格+ 名词The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.名词/代词宾格+ 形容词New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.名词/代词宾格+ 分词I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.│及物│宾语│宾补1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。
5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
附录主语在动词前的人或物。
谓语根据人称、事态变化的动词。
表语be动词后面的人或物。
副词修饰动词的词。
介词固定搭配在介词后的动词要用动名词形式。
名词人、物、事。
宾语在动词后的人或物。
宾格代词作宾语时用的形式。
主格宾格所有格(形容词性物主代词&名词性物主代词)I我作主语me我作宾语my(我的,后面加名词) mine(后不加名词) you(你,你们,作主语) you(你,你们作宾语) your(你,你们的,同上) yours(同上)she(她,做主语) her(她,作宾语) her(她的,同上) hers(同上)he(他,做主语) him(他,作宾语) his(他的,同上) his(同上)it(它,做主语) it(它,作宾语) its(它的,同上) its(同上)we(我们,做主语) us(我们,作宾语) our(我们,同上) ours(同上)they(他们,做主语) them(他们,作宾语) their(他们,同上) theirs(同上)及物动词后面可以直接加"物"或者"人.不及物动词就是后面不能直接加上"物"或者人的一定要有个介词如in,at,on之类的隔开才行.但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外通及物动词后面可以直接加"物"或者"人.不及物动词就是后面不能直接加上"物"或者人的一定要有个介词如in,at,on之类的隔开才行.但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语modifier而加以扩大。
这些修饰语可以是单词主要是形容词、副词和数词也可以是各种类型的短语主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语。
我们称之为定语、状语介词短语作定语一、定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时如something、nothing或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时则定语通常置后。
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy blue修饰名词pen./小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。