中考英语语法提高班《词性》讲义

中考英语语法提高班《词性》讲义
名词
一、词义辨析：
解题方法：词汇积累＋词义猜测
1. In 1998, Liu Xiang’s ___ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping.
A. ability
B. trade
C. electricity
D. memory
2. Bill will be a/an ___ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2016
Olympics.
A. guest
B. reporter
C. tourist
D. engineer
3. - Will you fix up the machine according to the ___, David?
- No problem.
A. instructions
B. inventions
C. invitations
D. interviews
二、名词所有格：
’s所有格：
1.共有关系，只在最后一个名词后加’s：Lily and Lucy’s mother is a nurse.
2.分别各自的，两个名词后都加’s：Lily’s bag and Lucy’s bag are missing.
1. ___ room is big and nice.
A. Kate’s and Jane’s
B. Kate’s and Jane
C. Kate and Jane’s
2. - My sister, Julie, doesn’t like to have short hair.
- Yeah. Her hair is much longer than ___.
A. Alice and mine
B. Alice and me
C. Alice and mine’s
D. Alice’s and mine
3.‘s和s’：
1）以s结尾的加’ Teachers’ Day
2）不以s结尾的，加’s Children’s Day
1. 教师节：_______ Day 儿童节：_______ Day
妇女节：_______ Day 母亲节 _______ Day
2. - John, is the book on the desk yours?
- No, it’s my ___. She left it here yesterday.
A. sister’s
B. sister
C. sisters’
4.所有格作定语
1. I live near the station. It’s only about fi ve ___ walk.
A. minute’s
B. minute
C. minutes’
D. minutes
2. - It’s easy to travel from Urumqi to Lanzhou by taking high-speed railway.
- Yes. It’s only ___.
A. eight hours ride
B. eight hour’s ride
C. eight-hours ride
D. eight hours’ ride
3. - How far is it from your home to school?
- It’s about ___.
A. 20 minutes walk
B. 20 minutes’ ride
C. 20-minutes drive
数词一、区分概念：
二、基数词基本用法
1. 形式：
1）注意 fifteen, forty, fifty, eighty
2）million 百万 billion 十亿
2. 用法:
1) 成百上千：hundreds of；成千上万：thousands of
2) 不确切的岁数或年代：
in one’s thirties/forties：在某人三十几岁／四十几岁
in the 1960s：20世纪60年代
例题：
1. Unluckily, ___ people were killed in the earthquake.
A. two thousands
B. thousand of
C. two thousands of
D. thousands of
2. My father began to write for a living ___.
A. in his thirty
B. in his thirties
C. in the thirty
D. in the thirties
3. Please turn to page ___ and take a look at the picture on it.
A. the eightieth
B. eightieth
C. eighties
D. eighty
二、序数词的基本用法：
1. 形式：
1）注意 fourth, fifth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth 的拼写
2）二十以上：twenty-first, twenty-second…
2. 用法:
1. the ＋序数词
2. “又一、再一”：a/an + 序数词 e.g. We’ll go it over a second time.
例题：
1. - Dick, it is the ___ time in ___ days that you’ve made the same mistakes.
- I’m sorry, Miss Wang. It won’t happen again.
A. two; three
B. second; third
C. two; third
D. second; three
2. There are ___ people in Tom’s family. They live on the ___ floor.
A. five; nineth
B. fifth; nine
C. five; ninth
D. fifth; ninth
三、综合演练
1. Li Ming will be ___. His parents are going to have a party for his ___ birthday.
A. sixteen; sixteenth
B. sixteenth; sixteenth
C. sixteen; sixteen
D. sixteenth; sixteen
2. He has failed ___ times, but he won’t give up a ___ chance.
A. third; four
B. three; fourth
C. third; fourth
3. - If your parents wanted to have a ___ child, would you agree?
- Of course. But they should make it in ___ years’ time.
A. second; second
B. two; two
C. second; two
D. two; second
代词
一、人称代词
例题：
1. -Dave, where is Mr. Black?
-I saw ___ in the classroom ten minutes ago.
A. he
B. him
C. she
D. her
二 . 物主代词
例题：
1. The girl has lost ___ pen, will you lend her ___?
A. his; your B．her; yours
C. she; yours D．her; your
2. The girl has lost ___ pen, will you lend her ___?
A．his; your B．her; yours
C．she; yours D．her; your
三、不定代词
1. some 和 any：
共同点：都可修饰可数和不可数名词
不同点：some多用于肯定句any多用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句
特殊点：在疑问句中，当表示请求，建议时用some：Would you like some coffee? 例题：
- There is no salt left. Jim, would you like to get ___?
- OK，Mum!
A. it
B. one
C. some
D. any
2. either…or 和neither…nor…
共同点：就近原则
不同点：either...or...表示两个中的一个，neither...nor...表示两个都不
例题：
- When are we going to see the movie ZooTopia，this afternoon or tonight？- ___ is OK. I’m free today．
A. Either
B. Neither
C. Both
D. All
3. both 和 all 和 none
both：“两者都”； all：“三者或三者以上都” ； none：“都不”
例题：
1. Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs. ___ of them are part of his
family.
A. Both
B. All
C. None
D. Neither
2. - Don’t be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again, will you?
- No, I won’t. I know that ___ of us are perfect after all.
A. none
B. neither
C. each
D. all
4. each 和 every
共同点：作主语时，谓语动词用单数
不同点：each 强调个体，两个或两个以上；every 强调整体，三个或三个以上例题：
- There’re four bedrooms in the house ___ with its own shower.
- That’s what I want. I’ve got a few kids.
A. either
B. neither
C. each
D. none
冠词
一、冠词的分类：定冠词the，不定冠词a／an，零冠词
二、用法：
1.不定冠词a/an：
1）元音音素前用an，辅音音素前用a；
元音音素：单元音：1) [i:] 2) [i] 3) [e] 4) [ae] 5) [a:] 6) [ɔ] 7) [ɔ:] 8) [u:] 9) [u] 10) [ʌ] 11) [ə:] 12) [ə]
双元音：
13) [ei] 14) [ai] 15) [əu] 16) [au]
17) [ɔi] 18) [iə] 19) [ɛə] 20) [uə]
2）注意“u”开头的字母
①当“u”发 [ʌ] 时，用an，如：an umbrella, an unhappy
②当“u”发 [ju:] 时，用a，如：a university, a useful tool
例题：
1. Italy is ___ European country.
A. an
B. a
C. /
2. Teachers always tell us try to be ___ honest student today and ___ useful man
tomorrow.
A. a; an
B. an; a
C. an; an
D. a; a
2. 定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指：
1）I had a banana and an apple. I ate the banana and gave the apple to Clint.
2）I read a great novel yesterday, the plot was fantastic.
3）I went to New York last week. The traffic is awful.
例题：
1. Jason likes ___ shape of the cake. It is ___ heart.
A. the; a
B. a; the
C. the; the
D. a; a
2. - Who is ___ girl behind the tree?
- Which one? The one with ___ umbrella?
A. a; the
B. the; an
C. the; a。