英语修辞学课件

w w w w w w w w w w w w w
As firm as a rock As mute as a fish As strong as a horse As brave as a lion As obstinate as a cow As white as snow As black as ink / pitch As changeable as the weather As wet as a drowned rat As blind as a bat As fat as a pig As proud as a peacock As fresh as a rose
Type One: like
w Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. w Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who are without want to get in, and those within want to get out.
Metaphor
A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another. (Webster‘s New World Dictionary)
All the world‘s a stage, And all men and women merely players; They have their exits and entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages… (Shakespeare, As you Like it ) The first clause sets up the basic comparison. The tenor and vehicle invoked by the first line are elaborated in the lines that follow. The metaphor makes possible for the literary writer to explain things vividly in great detail.
Metonymy (借代）
A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.
(Webster‘s New International Dictionary)
Metaphor
w Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of fire. w Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned. w Marriage is a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and remaining chapters in prose.
Metaphor
Metaphors are often easy to identify and take the form X is Y. Something or someone is being compared to something or someone else through a construction using the appropriate part of the verb to be (i.e. am, are, is, was, were, will be).
Metonymy
w Definition: one thing for another; association w Metonymy is Greek for a change of name Function: brief, vivid, interesting w Example: w What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave (from the cradle to the grave从生到死）
Type Six: others
Who is to blame but her tyrant of a father. 怪谁呢？只怪她那暴君般的父亲。 A doctor must have the heart of a lion and the hand of a lady. 当一个医生必须有狮子般的胆量和仕女般 的巧atin, meaning like w 2. Comparative words: like, as w 3. Functions: describing shape, scenery; expressing emotions; explaining; vivid description, making easy to understand; creating interest.
啊，我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰； 六月里迎风初开； 啊，我的爱人像一曲甜蜜的歌； 唱得合拍又柔和。
The first line of the poem above, O, my love‘s like a red, red rose, is a simile. To communicate his feelings, the poet invites the reader to perceive in his sweetheart some of the properties of a rose. Properties this might include are beauty, freshness, scentedness, specialness and rarity. Greenfly, thorns or blight, also common properties of roses, are likely to seem appropriate points of comparison, bearing in mind what we know of the context.
Structure of a Simile
w Tenor + comparative word + vehicle w Subject + comparative word + reference w Example: My love is like a red red rose w Tom is as tall as his brother (not a simile) w Tom is as tall as a Maypole.(simile)
帽匠继续道是这样的离开地面的你高高地飞翔像个茶盘在天上一闪一闪艾丽斯漫游奇境记中帽匠关于蝙蝠的歌明显是仿拟英国诗人janetayor写的著名儿歌thestar的第一节
Figures of Speech
Figures Of Speech In English Stylistics
Simile
A figure of speech in which one thing is liken to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is an explicit comparison recognizable by the use of the word like or as. ( A Dictionary of Literary Terms)
Type Two: as
w Men fear death, as children fear to go in the dark. w Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books. w But love from love, towards school with heavy books. (Love goes towards love, as schoolboys go from their books. But love goes from love, as schoolboys go towards school with heavy books.)
Type Four: than
w A home without love is no more than a body without a soul. w He had no more idea of money than a cow
Type Five: and
w Love and cough can not be hid. 爱情像咳嗽一样是掩盖不了的。 w Truth and roses have thorns about them. w Kings and bears often worry their keepers. w A word and stone let go cannot be recalled. 说出去的话就像抛出去的石子，是收不 回的。
Metaphor
w The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it. w Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. ( Of Studies, Bacon) w She has a photographic memory for details. w The mountainous waves swallowed up the ship w A policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic.
Type Three: what
Two Patterns: A is to B what C is to D. What C is to D, A is to B.
Type Three: what
Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter. 作家的笔犹如战士的枪。 .
Type Three: what
What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul. 教育之于心灵犹如雕刻之于大理石。 What salt is to food, wit and humor are to conversation and literature
Metaphor
A figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. The basic figure in poetry. A comparison is usually implicit; whereas in simile it is explicit. ( A Dictionary of Literary Terms)
Simile
O, my love‘s like a red, red rose, That‘s newly sprung in June: O, my love‘s like the melody That‘s sweetly played in tune. －Robert Burns
Simile