2012年翻译硕士北京航空航天大学真题回忆版
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题
育明教育【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。
目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！2014年金融硕士考研参考书及教材《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，李国正主编，光明日版出版社，2013年出版1 Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points, 1 point each):1.Westward Movement2.the Market for Lemons3.CPI4.NASDAQ5. BRIC6. CCTV (not 中国中央电视台)7. GM crop8. IAEA9. opportunity cost10. Keynesians11. the Tories12. the State Department in Washington13. the Treasury Department of the U.S.14. protectionism15. Balance of PaymentsII Translate the following terms into English (15 points, 1 point each):1 港人治港2. 城乡信用合作社3. 可持续发展4.解放和发展生产力5.国家电网6. 存款准备金率7. 完善人民币汇率形成机制8. 中西医并重9. 突发事件应急管理机制10. 中国特色的社会主义11. 构建两岸关系和平发展框架12. 知足常乐13. 水火无情14. 厨房重地，闲人免进15. 一蹶不振III. Translate the following passages into Chinese (60 points)India's Central bank has raised interest rates in a bid to battle high inflation. The economy is growing at a brisk pace, but rising prices remain a key concern. The latest interest rate hikes announced by the Central Bank are higher than expected. The rate at which it lends to banks is up by a quarter percentage point to six per cent, while the rate at which it borrows from banks has been raised by half a percentage point to five per cent. A statement by the Central Bank said inflation remains the dominant concern. India's Finance Minister, Pranab Mukherjee supports the measure. He says, "I think it is in the right direction... Still the inflationary pressure is there in the system." It is the fifth time this year that interest rates have been raised. Interest rates began rising as the government started winding down stimulus measures put in place in 2008 to cope with the global financial slowdown. At that time interest rates had been slashed to encourage more spending by consumers. Now India's economy is growing briskly once again. But at the same time, prices have been spiraling. Even though inflation has dipped marginally in recent weeks, it is still around eight and a half percent. The rising prices are a huge worry for the government because they adversely affect poor people, who make up nearly forty per cent of the billion plus population. Opposition parties have accused it of not doing enough to rein in prices.The government hopes that raising interest rates will help bring down inflation. The government is also banking on ample monsoon rains this year to boost crop yields, and bring down the prices of food, which hit the poor particularly hard. The government's chief economic policy, Kaushik Basu says he expects inflation to taper off by March next year." But we were expecting it to be distinctly lower by the end of this fiscal year and I stay by that," Basu said. India's economy is expected to grow by nearly nine per cent this year – the world's second fastest-growing major economy after China. (377 words)IV. Translate the following passage into English (60 points)丝绸之路是公元前2世纪开始出现的一条联系中国和欧亚大陆的交通要道，由于这条道路开始时以丝绸贸易为主，所以人们便称它为丝绸之路。
2012年北京航空航天大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
2012年北京航空航天大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分：18.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、简答题(总题数：9，分数：18.00)1.What is an affix? Please exemplify any affixes that attach(relatively)productively to verbs and do not change the category.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.State the Referential Theory(or meaning triangle)put forward by Ogden and Richards, and illustrate the theory with an example.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Figure out the conceptual metonymies in the following sentences and provide at least one more example.a. He drank the whole bottle.b. Arthur married money.c. Einstein was one of the most creative minds of the last century.d. Where are you parked?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Explain the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.What does Saussure mean when he writes, "Signs function not through their intrinsic value but through their relative positions" ? Please illustrate your point with an example.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.The sentence The boy saw the man with the telescope is structurally ambiguous. Please explain the ambiguity and illustrate the different meanings with phrase structure trees.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Figure out the structure of the following sentences and give a description of this phenomenon. The horse raced past the barn fell.The florist sent the flowers was pleased.The cotton clothing is made from grows in Mississippi.They told the boy that the girl met the story.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.State the various stages of Chomsky"s Transformational Grammar, and describe the theory"s philosophical/methodological features.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Explain the(communicative)Principle of Relevance, and use it to explain why in a normal circumstance the sentence John went to the bank means that John went to a money-institution rather than that John went to the bank of a river.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士历年考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验,考研重难点
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题，考研真题解析政治考研资料相关知识点5：如何实施互利共赢的开放战略第一，实施互利共裹的开放战略，要通过深化合作促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长，推动建立更加公正的国际政治经济新秩序。
当前的国际政治经济秩序是在西方国家长期占据主导地位的情况下形成的，总体上有利于维护西方国家的优势地位。
中国作为发展中国家，将继续积极推动南南合作和南北对话，致力于推动发展中国家和发达国家平衡发展，夯实世界经济长期稳定发展基础。
第二，实施互利共贏战略，要着力建构互利共赢格局。
（简称“一带一中国提出共建“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”路”）的重大倡议，是扩大和深化对外开放的重大举措，也是加强和亚欧非及世界各国互利合作、促进共同发展、实现共同繁荣、文明互鉴的重大举措。
“一带一路”建设坚持开放合作.和谐包容.市场运作和互利共贏的基本原则，旨在促进经济要素有序自由流动、资源高效配置和市场深度融合，推动沿线各国实现经济政策协调，开展更大范围、更高水平、更深层次的区域合作，共同打造开放、包容、均衡、普惠的区域经济合作架构。
共建"一带一路”符合国际社会的根本利益，彰显人类社会共同理想和美好追求，是国际合作以及全球治理新模式的积极探索。
第三，实施互利共贏的开放战略，要坚持从我国实际出发，坚定不移走自己的路，同时要树立世界眼光，更好把国内发展与对外开放统一起来，把中国发展与世界发展联系起来，把中国人民利益同各国人民共同利益结合起来，不断扩大同各国的互利合作，以更加积极的姿态参与国际事务，共同应对全球性挑战，努力为全球发展作出贡献。
相关知识点6：全而提高对外开放水平必须实行更加积极主动的开放战略，构建开放型经济新体制，发挥新的竞争优势，全面提高对外开放水平。
第一，全面提高对外开放水平，要把握世界发展大势，实施更为主动的开放战略。
当今世界正发生复杂深刻的变化，一方面经济全球化使各国经济发展的相互依存程度继续加大。
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验,考研大纲
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题，考研真题解析第二部分思想道德修养与法律基础历年分析题2015年：（1）如何理解“法治关乎国家治理，更关乎百姓福祉”？（6分）（2）为什么“全面推进依法治国，必须坚持党的领导”（4分）2014年：(1)为什么说鹦哥岭的大学生选择的是“一种有远见的生活方式”？（6分）（2）怎样看待“理想很丰满，现实很骨感”这种说法？（4分）2013年：（1）从法律角度如何理解“我无权拒绝他们入内阅读，但你有权选择离开”？（2）图书馆想乞丐和拾荒者年费开放对我们处理人际关系有何启示？（5分）2012年：（1）基于“信义兄弟”这个事例，怎样理解诚信及其道德力量？（6分）（2）在法律关系中，为什么也要坚守诚信？（4分）2011年：（1）如何理解"给人温暖就是给自己幸福"？（6分）（2）为什么说郭明义的先进事迹是"简单中的伟大"？（4分）2010年：（1）为什么文明出行“既是道德呼唤，也是法律要求”？（2）我们应如何从自身做起，构建文明的公共生活秩序？第三部分分析题必备知识点解析必备知识点1：中国梦，是中华民族的振兴之梦，也是每一个大学生的成才之梦。
中国梦让生活在这个时代的大学生与祖国人民一起共同享有人生出彩的机会，共同享有梦想成真的机会，共同享有同祖国和时代一起成长与进步的机会。
大学生如何实现中国梦？再例如，大学生在实现自己的人生理想等问题上（如就业难）往往使得大学生理想受挫。
针对这些问题，当代大学生如何理解理想与现实的关系？如何正确对待理想实现过程中的顺境与逆境？相关知识点1：辩证地看待和处理理想与现实的矛盾。
1.理想和现实存在着对立的一面，理想受现实的规定和制约，不能脱离现实而幻想未来。
理想与现实的矛盾与冲突，属于“应然”和“实然”的矛盾。
假如理想与现实完全等同，那么理想的存在就没有意义。
2．理想与现实又是统一的，理想之树深深扎根于现实的沃土之中，理想是在对现实认识的基础上发展起来的。
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年_真题-无答案
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分135,考试时间90分钟)第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文1. abstract translation2. adequacy3. agent4. appeal-focused texts5. multi-media texts6. naturalness7. loan translation8. coherence9. commission10. consecutive interpreting11. domesticating translation12. pre-editing13. explicitation14. poly-system theory15. under-translation第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文。
1. 借用2. 可比语料库3. 文化置换4. 自然语言5. 语法分析6. 中间语言7. 隐形8. 显型翻译9. 术语库10. 视译11. 配字幕12. 文本类型学13. 可接受性14. 冗余15. 赞助第三部分：英译汉。
Text 11. The stages of a writer"s professional life are marked not by a name on an office door, but by a name in ink. There was the morning when my father came home carrying a stack of Sunday papers because my byline was on page one, and the evening that I persuaded a security guard to hand over all early edition, still warm from the presses, with my first column. But there"s nothing to compare to the day when someone hands over a hardcover book with your name on the cover. I"m just not sure the moment would have had the same grandeur had my work been downloaded instead into an e-reader.Reading is not simply an intellectual pursuit but an emotional and spiritual one. That"s why it survives. There are still millions of people who like the paper version, at least for now. And if that changes—well, what is a book, really? Is it its body, or its soul?Text 21. Laughlin acknowledges that "a lot of responsible people" are worried about atmospheric concentra- tions of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. This has, he says, "the potential" to modify the weather by raising average temperatures several degrees centigrade and that governments have taken "significant, although ineffective" steps to slow the warming. "On the scales of time relevant to itseff, the earth doesn"t care about any of these governments or their legislation. "Someday, all the fossil fuels that used to be in the ground will be burned. After that, in about a millennium, the earth will dissolve most of the resulting carbon dioxide into the oceans. The dissolving will leave the concentration in the atmosphere only slightly higher than today"s. Then "over tens of millennia, or perhaps hundreds" the earth will transfer the excess carbon dioxide into its rocks, "eventually returning levels in the sea and air to what they were before humans arrived on the scene". This will take an eternity as humans reckon, but a blink in geologic time.第四部分：汉译英。
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语2012
北京航空航天大学2012年翻译硕士英语考研真题Part I Vocabulary (60 minutes, 30％)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. The doctor _______a medicine for my headache.A) subscribedB) describedC) prescribedD) inscribed2. This song _______his life’s dream and ardent love of life.A) incorporatedB) initiatedC) exposedD) embodied3. It is said that the reconstruction of the Grand Theatre is a _______project of Shanghai government this year.A) prestigeB) superiorityC) priorityD) publicity4. Such a toy with musical sounds and animal noises will ________any young child.A) dismayB) astonishC) fascinateD) perplex5. After reading ______of books by great authors for some time, the boy decided to go on to read the originals.A) themesB) insightsC) digestsD) leaflets6. In the poem, he depicted the happy ________of girls playing on a swing in early spring.A) perspectiveB) viewC) landscapeD) scene7. She _______all criticism and went on with her project.A) warded offB) shrugged offC) gave awayD) set aside8. The teacher ________from her custom and gave no assignments for the weekend.A) deviatedB) disconnectedC) detachedD) distorted9. The little chair _______when the fat man sat down on it without thinking.A) crushedB) collapsedC) crumpledD) yielded10. Her chief _______was her not packing a raincoat for her trip to Yunnan last July.A) drawbackB) handicapC) bruiseD) blunder11. It advocated by the book that a man, no matter how_______ his origin may be, can besuccessful with unremitting efforts and strong will.A) inferiorB) awkwardC) minorD) humble12. Eric was _______at being told he would have to wait two weeks for an appointment.A) integratedB) irreverentC) irresistibleD) indignant13. It took them four hours to decide that this vicious, ________killer should die.A) remorselessB) raspingC) restiveD) relevant14. Always protect _________files by locking them with a password.A) complimentaryB) confidentialC) compulsiveD) commonsense15. Any store that has had its license _________for more than 30 days will have to apply for apermit.A) slumpedB) strainedC) squintedD) suspended16. We’ve ________salt. Ask Mrs. Jones to lend us some.A) run away withB) run overC) run off17. He was always ill for a time, but he managed to_________.A) pull onB) pull inC) pull upD) pull through18. The actors have to ________before they appear in front of the strong lights on television.A) cover upB) make upC) paint upD) do up19. They have left New York ________good; they’ll never go back and live there again.A) forB) atC) byD) in20. Would you please ________these books to your classmates?A) hand outB) hand downC) hand inD) hand over21. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to_______.A) the otherB) any otherC) anotherD) other22. I regret ________you that your application has been refused.A) informingB) to informC) to be informedD) being informed23. Do you feel like ______to a film or would you rather ______at home?A) going…stayB) to go…stayC) going…stayingD) going…to stay24. “Has he gained weight?”“He would gai n weight, but he _______much.”A) does not eatB) did not eatC) hadn’t eatenD) couldn’t eat25. His use of technical terms left his audience_______.A) confusingB) with confusionD) to confusion26. While we are young, we are continually_______ new ideas, altering our thought patterns,making up our minds afresh.A) taking toB) taking onC) taking inD) taking out27. There has been a growing concern _______pollution. But those who concern themselves______ this problem need government support.A) for, aboutB) over, withC) about, forD) on, to28. You hear me _______! This is important. Don’t treat it ______a joke.A) of, asB) from, likeC) out, asD) about, like29. She is always complaining _________something. It _______my nerves.A) of, gets toB) about, gets onC) about, got onD) for, is getting on30. They are an odd couple .She is as tall _____he is short, and he is as fat _____she is thin. Butthey are both ______happy as they are old.A) as, as, soB) while, while, asC) and, and, asD) as, as, asPart ⅡReading Comprehension (60 minutes, 40％)Section ADirections: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. (30％)Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of thecamera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera’s possibilities produced novel drama tic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffith’s introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema.31. The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.(A) discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of the cinema(B) document Griffith’s impact on the choice of subject matter in American films(C) deplore the state of American cinema before the advent of Griffith(D) analyze the changes in the cinema wrought by the introduction of the multi-reel film32. The author suggests that Griffith’s film innovations had a direct effect on all of the followingEXCEPT: ______.(A) film editing(B) camera work(C) scene composing(D) sound editing33. It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was______.(A) 15 minutes or less(B) between 15 and 30 minutes(C) 1 hour or more(D) between 45 minutes and 1 hour34. The author asserts that Griffith introduced all of the following into American cinema EXCEPT:______.(A) consideration of social issues(B) adaptations from Tennyson(C) the flashback and other editing techniques(D) dramatic plots suggested by Victorian theater35. The author suggests that Griffith’s contributions to the cinema had which of the followingresults?Ⅰ. Literary works, especially Victorian novels, became popular sources for film subjects.Ⅱ. Audien ce appreciation of other film directors’ experimentations with cinematic syntax was increased.Ⅲ. Many of the artistic limitations thought to be inherent in filmmaking were shown to be really nonexistent.(A)Ⅱ only(B) Ⅲ only(C) I and Ⅱ only(D) Ⅱ and Ⅲ onlyPassage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere affect the heat balance of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass of ice.Today, however, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. The burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 15 percent in the last hundred years, and we continue to add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious consequences for human society? Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably yes.Under present conditions a temperature of -18℃can be observed at an altitude of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude (called the radiating level), the temperature increases by about 6℃per kilometer approaching the Earth’s surface, where the average temperature is about 15℃. An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide to absorb infrared radiation. As the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation increases, the radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise. One mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5℃: This model assumes that the atmosphere’s relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of 6.5℃per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficient absorber of radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm aircan hold more moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, more infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated back to the Earth’s surface. The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, reducing the Earth’s reflectivity. More solar radiation would then be absorbed, leading to a further increase in temperature.36. The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.(A) warn of the dangers of continued burning of fossil fuels(B) discuss the significance of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere(C) demonstrate the usefulness of mathematical models in predicting long-range climaticchange(D) describe the ways in which various atmospheric and climatic conditions contribute to theEarth’s weather37. According to the passage, the greatest part of the solar energy that reaches the Earth is ______.(A) reflected back to space by snow and ice(B) concentrated at visible wavelengths(C) absorbed by carbon dioxide molecules(D) absorbed by atmospheric water vapor38. According to the passage, atmospheric carbon dioxide performs all of the following functionsEXCEPT: ______.(A) absorbing radiation at visible wavelengths(B) absorbing infrared radiation(C) absorbing outgoing radiation from the Earth(D) helping to retain heat near the Earth’s surface39. It can be concluded from information contained in the passage that the average temperature atan altitude of 1 kilometer above the Earth is about ______.(A) 15℃(B) 9℃(C) 2.5℃(D) -12℃40. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the last hundred years?(A) Fossil fuels were burned for the first time.(B) Greater amounts of land were cleared than at any time before.(C) The average temperature at the Earth’s surface has become 2℃ cooler.(D) The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased measurably.Passage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.“Popular art”has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision, which range from folklore to junk. The poles are clear enough, but the middle tends to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930’s, for example, has elements of folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art, never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular music—folk themes—in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a different one: he took a popular genre—bourgeois melodrama set to music (an accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera)—and, without altering its fundamental nature, transmutedit into high art. This remains one of the greatest achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing the essential trashiness of the genre.As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical political elements of nineteenth-century opera. Generally in the plots of these operas, a hero or heroine—usually portrayed only as an individual, unfettered by class—is caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity or secret greed of the leaders of the proletariat. Verdi transforms this naive and unlikely formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first performed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself.Or consider V erdi’s treatment of character. Before Verdi, there were rarely any characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the singers to express a series of emotional states. Any attempt to find coherent psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence was the singer’s vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi’s characters, on the other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity, even if, in many cases, the consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama. The integrity of the character is achieved through the music: once he had become established, V erdi did not rewrite his music for different singers or countenance alterations or substitutions of somebody else’s arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and effectiveness.41. The author refers to Schubert and Brahms in order to suggest ______.(A) that their achievements are no less substantial than those of Verdi(B) that their works are examples of great trash(C) the extent to which Schubert and Brahms influenced the later compositions of Verdi(D) that popular music could be employed in compositions intended as high art42. According to the passage, the immediacy of the political message in Verdi’s operas stems fromthe ______.(A) vitality and subtlety of the music(B) audience’s familiarity with earlier operas(C) verisimilitude of the characters(D) individual talents of the singers43. According to the passage, all of the following characterize musical drama before VerdiEXCEPT: ______.(A) music used for the purpose of defining a character(B) adaptation of music from other operas(C) psychological inconsistency in the portrayal of characters(D) expression of emotional states in a series of dramatic situations44. It can be inferred that the author regards V erdi’s revisions to his operas with ______.(A) regret that the original music and texts were altered(B) concern that many of the revisions altered the plots of the original work(C) approval for the intentions that motivated the revisions(D) puzzlement, since the revisions seem largely insignificant45. According to the passage, one of Verdi’s achievements within the framework ofnineteenth-century opera and its conventions was to ______.(A) limit the extent to which singers influenced the musical compositions and performance ofhis operas(B) use his operas primarily as forums to protest both the moral corruption and dogmaticrigidity of the political leaders of his time(C) portray psychologically complex characters shaped by the political environmentsurrounding them(D) incorporate elements of folklore into both the music and plots of his operasSection BDirections: There is one passage in this part. The passage is followed by some questions. Please answer the questions briefly. (10％)The Game of the NameHere comes John Smith walking toward me. Even though he is but a passing acquaintance, the American greeting ritual demands that I utter a few words to reassure him of my good will. But what form of address should I use? John? Smith? Dr. Smith? A decision such as this is usually made unconsciously.As native speakers in the American speech community, we have grown up learning the rules of address at the same time that we were acquiring the grammatical rules of American-English. At first thought, it might seem a trivial pursuit to examine the ways in which we address one another. But forms of address reveal many assumptions we make about members of our speech community.Our initial decision about the appropriate address form is based on relative ages. If the person being addressed is a child, then almost all the rules that we have unconsciously assimilated can safely be ignored, and we use the simple formula First Name. The child, in turn, addresses an adult by using the formula Title plus Last Name.But defining a “child” is not always easy. I address my son’s roommate at college by FN, even though he is an adult under the law. I, too, have the relative age of a child to a 75-year-old acquaintance who calls me Pete. Let us assume that John Smith is not a child who can be addressed by FN but is either my contemporary or my elder. The next important determiner for the form of address will then be the speech situation.If the situation is a formal one, then I must disregard all other rules and use social identity plus Last Name. John Smith will always be addressed as Dr. Smith (or sometimes simply as Doctor, with Last Name understood) in the medical setting of office or hospital. (I am allowed to call him if my status is at least as high as his or if we are friends outside of our social roles, but the rest of my utterance must remain respectful.)We are also obliged to address certain other people by their social identity in formal situation: public officials (Congressman: Your Honor), educators (Professor or Doctor), leaders of meetings (Mr. Chairman), Roman Catholic priests (Father Daffy) and nuns (Sister Anna), and so forth. By the way, note the sexist distinction in the formulas for priests and nuns .The formula for a priest is Father plus Last Name, but for a nun it is Sister plus Religious Name (usually an FN).Most conversations, however, are not carried on in formal speech situations, and so the basic decision is when to use FN to TLN. A social acquaintance or newly hired colleague of approximately the same age and rank is usually introduced on an FN basis. “Pete, I’d like you tomeet Harry.” Now a problem arises if both age and rank of cone of the parties are higher: “Pete, I'd like you to meet Attorney Brown.”Attorney Brown may, of course, at any time signal me that he is willing to suspend the rules of address and allow an FN basis. Such a suspension is his privilege to bestow, and it is usually handled humorously, with a remark like, “I answer quicker to Bruce.”Complications arise when relative age and relative rank are not both the same. A young doctor who joins a hospital finds it difficult to address a much older doctor. They are equal in rank (and therefore FN should be used) but the great disparity in ages calls for TLN. In such cases, the young doctor can use the No-Name (NN) formula, phrasing his utterances adroitly to avoid using any term of address at all.English is quite exceptional among the world’s languages in this respect. Most European languages oblige the speaker to choose between the familiar and formal second person singular (as in the French tu and V ous), as English once did when “thou” was in use.This is the basic American system, but the rules vary according to speech situations, subtle friendship or kin relationships between the speakers, regions of the country, and so forth.Southern speech, for example, adds the formula Title plus First Name (Mr. Charlie) to indicate familiar respect. Southerners are also likely to specify kin terms (as in Cousin Jane) whereas in most of the United States FN is used for cousins.Address to strangers also alters some of the rules. A speaker usually addresses a stranger whose attire and behavior indicate higher status by saying sir. But sometimes speakers with low status address those with obviously higher status by spurning this rule and instead using Mac or buddy—as when a construction worker asks a passing executive, socially identified by his attachécase, “You got a match, buddy?”Questions:1. According to the author, what are the important determiners for the form of address in the basic American system? (3%)2. What does the speaker mean in the underlined part “I answer quicker to Bruce.” of Paragraph 8? Please explain it in your own words. (2%)3. Which formula is used when a young man addresses an elder person but with the same rank? (2%)4. What are some exceptions to the rules of the basic American system? Give an example. (3%)Part ⅢWriting (60 minutes, 30％)Directions: Please write an essay of about 400 words on the following topicChinese-English Translation of Internet Buzzwords参考答案及解析Part I Vocabulary (30％)1.C 句意：医生给我开了治头疼的药。
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研历年真题解析 考研参考书
2014年北京航天航空大学211翻译硕士英语考研试题（回忆版）一⃝单选30’比较简单，一些单词语法二⃝阅读40’共四篇3篇选择1篇问答，感觉比较难特别第三篇关于文学的三⃝作文30’以前都是考翻译相关的，这次是The importance of team work~亮瞎翻译基础一⃝名词解释:mission2.calque3.Transeme4.Restricted translation5.Low counties group6.Translation universal7.Verbal consistence8.Prototype9.Modification10.中枢语言11.可修正性12.地道翻译13.内罗毕宣言14.释意15.异国情调二⃝段落翻译英译汉1.关于普鲁士德国的2.土耳其其中有个单词Ottoman我没有见过，因为还大写了首字母，我以为是人名翻译成了奥特曼，其实是土耳其的相当于turkish3.飞行的平稳直汉译英1.关于航天新闻发言人的讲话2.青春3.土豪百科一⃝中外文化名词解释1.唐三彩2.哭墙3.圈地运动4.棱镜门5.钓鱼岛列岛6.光年7.伤痕文学8.兰亭集序9.十字军东征10.影子银行11.李约瑟12.3D打印13.井田制14.康熙字典15.甲骨文16.浑天仪2.文言文翻译（翻译并各做300字以上评价）一篇摘自货殖列传序另一篇欧阳修的 秋声赋3.议论文商场如战场，讲规则和重结果都重要就二者的关系写800字以上作文百科知识：英美文学流派整理玄学派：是指17世纪英国文坛出现的一个独特的诗歌流派。
英国诗人约翰·邓恩是这个流派的代表人物，他因在诗歌中精妙地运用“奇喻”的比喻手法而蜚声文坛。
它们往往以精致典雅的形式表现情感与观念的矛盾，把古典主义的性情与浪漫主义的风骨很好地融合到了一起。
骑士文学盛行于西欧，反映了骑士阶层的生活理想。
骑士精神和道德是上层社会的贵族文化精神，它是以个人身份的优越感为基础的道德与人格精神，但它也积淀这西欧民族远古尚武精神的某些积极因素。
翻译硕士MTI考试各高校真题汇总
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2012年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷
2012年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：98.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：29，分数：58.00)1.The doctor______a medicine for my headache.（分数：2.00）A.subscribedB.describedC.prescribed √D.inscribed解析：解析：句意：医生给我开了治头疼的药。
prescribe开处方，给医嘱。
subscribe捐赠；签署；题名。
describe描述，描写。
inscribe雕刻；题写。
2.This song______his life"s dream and ardent love of life.（分数：2.00）A.incorporatedB.initiatedC.exposedD.embodied √解析：解析：句意：这首歌表达了他的梦想以及对生活的热爱。
expose表达，显示；揭露，揭发。
incorporate 包含；吸收。
initlate发起，始创。
embody表现，象征；包含。
3.It is said that the reconstruction of the Grand Theatre is a______project of Shanghai government this year.（分数：2.00）A.prestigeB.superiorityC.priority √D.publicity解析：解析：句意：据说今年上海市对大剧院的重建工作是一项优先工程。
priority优先，优先考虑的事情。
prestige威信，威望。
superiority优越性，优等。
publicity公开；宣传；广告。
4.Such a toy with musical sounds and animal noises will______any young child.（分数：2.00）A.dismayB.astonishC.fascinate √D.perplex解析：解析：句意：这样一个能发出音乐和动物叫声的玩具娃娃将吸引所有的小孩。
(NEW)北京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
![(NEW)北京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a5a1fd2e31b765ce04081402.png)
A. adulterate B. moor C. vaccinate D. sue 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果你往食物或饮品之类的东西里掺假，例如往里 面兑水，就会降低它们的质量。adulterate掺杂。moor停泊；固定。 vaccinate注射疫苗。sue控告；起诉。
10. The orphanage is just one of her _____ causes. A. phonetic B. philanthropic C. prevalent D. lunatic 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这座孤儿院只是她的慈善事业之一。philanthropic仁 慈的；慈善的。phonetic语音的。prevalent盛行的，流行的。lunatic精神
2010年北京航空航天大学211翻译 硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part Ⅰ. Vocabulary (30 points) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The _____ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’s lives. A. zephyr B. zodiac C. zyme D. zest 【答案】B 【解析】句意：天文学家通过占星术中的黄道十二宫来计算星球对 人类生活的影响。zodiac黄道十二宫（用于占星术）。zephyr和风，微 风。zyme酶。zest热情；热心。
南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年
南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.stock exchange（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：证券交易所2.economic depression（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：经济萧条3.airport terminal（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：机场航站楼4.CEO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：首席执行官(Chief Executive Officer)5.NATO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)6.Euro-zone（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：欧元区7.greenhouse gas emissions（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：温室气体排放量8.jetliner（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：喷气式客机9.email spam（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：垃圾邮件10.the House of Representatives（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：(美)众议院posite materials（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：复合材料12.Easter（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：复活节anic food（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：有机食品14.telemarketing（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：电话营销15.jet lag（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：飞机时差反应二、Part Ⅱ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.自动飞行系统（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：automatic flight system(AFS)17.微机（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：microcomputer18.欧共体（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：European Community(EC)19.三农（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：agriculture, countryside and farmers20.私企（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：private enterprise21.能耗（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：energy consumption22.第三产业（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：tertiary industry23.中国石化（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Sinopec24.全球定位系统（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：GPS(Global Positioning System)25.工商管理硕士（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：MBA(Master of Business Administration)26.身份证（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：ID card27.人大（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：NPC(National People"s Congress)28.激光唱片（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：CD(compact disk)29.亚太经合组织（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：APEC(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)30.雅思考试（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：IELTS(International English Language Testing System)三、Part Ⅲ(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：30.00)31.One of the greatest challenges that face every American president is to ensure that events of the day do not become cascading crises that crowd out the pursuit of our nation"s long-term strategic priorities and interests. This has been particularly true over the past three years, when the US has confronted a daunting array of challenges: global financial crises; the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; terrorist threats; direct challenges to global nuclear non-proliferation regimes; and the still unfolding, events across the Middle East and North Africa. Even as we havedealt with these dynamics, President Obama has pursued a rebalancing of our foreign policy priorities—and renewed our long-standing alliances, including with NATO—to ensure that our focus and our resources match our nation"s most important strategic interests.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：历任美国总统所要面对的最大挑战之一，是确保日常发生的事件不会演变成妨碍我们追寻国家长期战略重点和利益的一连串危机。
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验
2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研基本信息招生专业：翻译硕士（英语笔译）年份招生人数推免人数复试分数线2015468365 20143010350 20133210355考试科目1.101思想政治理论2.211翻译硕士英语3.357英语翻译基础4.448汉语写作与百科知识考研参考书1.《Dictionaryof Translation Studies》上海外语教育出版社(2004年)MarkShuttleworth&Moira Cowie2.英汉互译实用教程》武汉大学出版社（2006年），谭载喜主译3.上海古籍出版社出版（2006年）出版的古文观止4.《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，李国正，光明日报出版社，2013年版。
5.《翻译硕士常考词汇精编》育明教育内部资料6.《全国翻译硕士考研真题解析》天津科技翻译出版社育明老师建议：1.推荐理工科考生跨专业报考北航翻硕2.北航翻硕就业形势非常好（1）一般而言，每篇阅读理解只讲一个主题，阅读时应通过段落主题句把握中心。
（2）考研文章的两类体裁：议论文，重点是作者的观点和态度。
说明文，重点是作者的态度，说明对象及其特点。
（3）阅读时看清文章是由几个自然段构成的，同时还要给文章分段，便于更好的回文章定位。
（4）阅读的重点位置时文章的首段、其余各段的段首段尾句、转折处、条件关系处、因果关系处，快速读过的信息是举例子的内容、引用的内容、类比的内容、具体数字以及冒号后面补充说明的部分。
（5）每个选项都应力争回文中定位，全部题目都能做到正确答案在原文中对应的位置，判断出出题的方式以及错误答案的特征。
（6）文章固定模式：A花开两朵，各表一枝模式：在文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段叙述。
关键：两个概念的定义以及他们的区别和联系。
B问题答案型模式：在第一段中出现一个问题，在随后各段提出该问题的答案。
关键：把握其中心往往就是该问题最直接最主要的答案。
C时文特点：耸人听闻，吸引眼球；貌似客观，内涵态度；抛砖引玉，一起争论阅读时文时，把握时文的中心出现在手段的末句，或者二段的首句。
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士历年考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验,考研报录比,考研大纲
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题，考研真题解析政治考研资料分析题十：关于统一战线的问题。
1．说明建立革命统一战线在中国革命中的必要性和现实可能性（1）统一战线在中国革命中的必要性:（也是为什么要建立革命统一战线的答案）①由中国半殖民地半封建社会的阶级状况决定的，旧中国是一个“两头小中间大”的社会，无产阶级和大地主大资产阶级都只占人口的少数并尖锐对立，而农民、城市小资产阶级以及其他中间阶级却占了全国人口的绝大多数。
②由于革命所面临的敌人异常强大，导致了中国革命的长期性和残酷性。
同时由于中国社会经济政治发展的不平衡性，又导致了革命发展的不平衡性。
（2）建立广泛统一战线的现实可能性首先，近代中国社会最大的压迫是民族压迫，这一特点决定了无产阶级及其政党可以把一切爱国的、不愿受帝国主义奴役的人们团结在自己的周围。
其次，民族资产阶级深受帝国主义和封建主义的压迫．因而能够在一定时期中和一定程度上参加反帝反封建的革命斗争。
再次，在革命的锋芒主要是反对某一个帝国主义的时候，属于别的帝国主义系统的官僚资产阶级集团也可能在一定程度上和一定时期内参加统一战线。
2、分析中国革命统一战线的“两个联盟”之间的关系。
民主革命时期统一战线中有两个联盟：一是工人阶级和其他劳动人民的联盟，主要是无产阶级和农民、城市小资产阶级的联盟；二是工人阶级同可非劳动人民的联盟，主要是指无产阶级和民族资产阶级的联盟，也包含特定历史条件下，无产阶级和一部分地主阶级、带买办性的大资产阶级的联盟。
两个联盟的关系是：第一个联盟是基本的、主要的，是统一战线的基础，同时必须注意巩固和发展第二个联盟。
3、党领导和建立统一战线的经验。
①必须坚持统一战线中的独立自主原则，保持党在思想上、政治上和组织上的独立性。
②在革命进程中，必须坚持发展进步势力，争取中间势力，孤立顽固势力的策略方针。
③对反共顽固派采取又团结又斗争，以斗争求团结的政策，利用矛盾，争取多数，反对少数，各个击破。
2012年北京航空航天大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc
2012年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.Symbol（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Tragedy（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Aesthetic distance（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Ambiguity（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Paradox（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、翻译题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)6.Translate the following English into Chinese.No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue. The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the better—or worse—part of my life. Being rich wouldn"t be bad either, but that won"t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Translate the following Chinese into English. 人有时非常矛盾。
北航MTI考研经历
每门考试，也许是熟悉的原因都是提前很早写完，政治必须多写，不要吝惜笔油。
2010.3.6 中午12点查到成绩367分，好好准备复试。
工作没有间断，我一边工作一边学习，也许是农村长大的和经历困难很多，一点也不觉得辛苦，今天去和学生告别，还给学生讲到自己初中英语不及格，自己是很努力去自学的，后来选择了英语，也希望自己学到老，
12月底收到了北航邮寄的准考证，这时的考试也临近了，周末休息去河南师范大学买了时政和任汝芬的序列之四，
2010年
367，分数线345，几个专业线相同的
4.北航外国语学院怎么样/
985在北京啊，不错的，导师挺不错的，学风很好的
5.我。。。。能不能考上北航？
在自己
的努力程度和运气
2010北航翻译硕士心得
/viewthread ... mp;authorid=2567011楼主 大 中 小 发表于 2010-5-5 11:10
9月28号在研招网重新注册报考了北航的翻译硕士，就是收集资料，问老师，同学
高中的大学的老师我都问了，给我帮助也是很大的。希望2011的考生发挥自己可以发动的一切力量
期间，也是通过考研论坛认识了在新乡上学的两个同学ZWN和ZXX，大家也是经常联系，互相鼓励，虽然方向不同但是都是冲着北航外院，着个备考期间很少上网，也是他们通过QQ联系到我的，大家可以在复习备考中找一个好朋友互相鼓励，
北航外国语学院资料汇总在 /t3260521p1的附件
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2012年翻译硕士北京航空航天大学真题回忆版
翻译基础
1. Abstract translation
2. Adequacy
3. Agent
4. Appeal-focused texts
5. Multi-media texts
6. Naturalness
7. Loan translation
8. Coherence
9. Commission
10. Consecutive interpreting
11. Domesticating translation
12. Pre-editing
13. Explicitation
14. Poly-system theory
15. Under-translation
1. 借用
2. 可比语料库
3. 文化置换
4. 自然语言
5. 语法分析
6. 中间语言
7. 隐形
8. 显型翻译
9. 术语库
10. 视译
11. 配字幕
12. 文本类型学
13. 可接受性
14. 冗余
15. 赞助
(词语都是参考书Dictionary of Translation Studies上的，比前两年的略难)
英译汉：1.关于作家的书印刷出来让作家有成就感A writer’sprofessional life is not marked by a name on the office door, but a name inink. 关键词还有e-reader, download, paper version
2.地球变暖后自己如何恢复CO2水平。
有个人名Laughlin
汉译英：1.社交网站盛行，但是朋友只有两个，25年前三个。
让一些人变得脆弱，让更多能人判定谁才是值得信任的朋友。
2.国际空间站设计初衷是作为向其他星球发射航天器的平台，后来被用作绕地球运行的实验室。
研究人类和
其他生物在空间的表现，需要人操纵或参与。
汉语写作与百科知识
“道”道路→道理是什么引申类型
找出同一句中相同涵义的词
找无语病句子
可怜夜半虚前席，不问苍生问鬼神;但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山;长门事，准拟佳期又误!蛾眉曾有人妒。
千金纵买相如赋，脉脉此情谁诉?;纵豆蔻词工，青楼梦好，难赋深情——与哪些历史人物有关
第一本个记述人言行的历史散文
战役先后顺序：牧野之战，赤壁之战，淝水之战，巨鹿之战，官渡之战
二十八星宿看见挺懵的，其实就是问东西南北是由哪四种动物代表，东龙白虎朱雀玄武大家都知道
临川四梦
格雷欣原则
AQI空气质量指数：101-200几级?
民事诉讼婚前财产公证是为了保护婚后还是婚后财产
符合假日经济的事例
符合城市化的事例
还有几题是总结段意型的
应用文写作：根据自身情况和所学专业，写一篇新学期的学习计划 450字，计划书格式，条文式
命题作文：《行百里者半九十》议论文，800字。