Lesson 11 If引导条件状语从句 人教版英语暑假语法专题教案(七升八)

Lesson 11 If引导条件状语从句
【内容提要】
If引导条件状语从句
【知识要点回硕】
1从句和if引导的条件状语从句
从句: 在复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由if, when, that, who, whom, why, where, how, which等引导词引导,作为主句的某一成分(定语、状语、宾语等)。

if 引导的条件状语从句:由引导词if引导,表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生,意为"如果....,就....",整个句子作为主句的状语部分,既可放在主句前面,也可放在主句后面。

若if 条件状语从句放在句首,从句后面要加逗号与主句隔开。

如:
If I have time, I will visit the museum. 如果我有时间,我会去参观博物馆。

条件状语从句主句
= I will visit the museum if I have time.
主句条件状语从句
2 if引导的条件状语从句时态的运用
3 if引导的条件状语从句的句型转换
含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句,一般可以转化为同义单句。

1. 借助"祈使句+and/or+句子(一般将来时结构)"来转化。

其中,在句意上and表示顺;or表示转折,意为“否则”。

如:
If you study hard, you'll pass the exam easily. 如果你努力学习,你将很容易通过考试。

= Study hard, and you'll pass the exam easily.
= Study hard, or you won't pass the exam easily.
2. 借助without或with来转换。

如:
If there is no water, fish will die. 如果没有水,鱼就会死。

= Fish will die without water.
If you help me, I'll finish the work soon. 如果你帮助我,我将很快完成工作。

=With your help, I'll finish the work soon.
【考点突破】
例1根据汉语意思把句子补充完整
如果雪停了,我们就可以出去。

If it snowing, we go out.
[讲解] 本题考查if引导的条件状语从句的用法。

从句的时态,要看主句的时态。

从“我们就可以出去”可知,此处应该用can。

当主句中含有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时。

[答案] stops can
例2 If the weather fine, we have a sports meeting this weekend.
A. will be; will
B. is; will
C. was; would
[讲解] 本题考查f引导的条件状语从句。

在含有f引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中,由this weekend 可判断主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时。

[答案] B
例3将下面的句子转换为两个意思相同的句子
You'll be late if you don't hurry up.
(1) Hurry up, you'll be late.
(2) You'll be late you hurry up.
[讲解] 本题考查if引导的条件状语从句的句型转换。

句意:如果你不快点儿,你就会迟到。

与这个句子意思相同的有:快点儿,否则(不然)你会迟到; 你将要迟到,除非你快点儿。

前者可借助“or+一般将来时结构”进行转换;后者可以用“unless+其他”进行转换。

[答案] (1) or (2) unless
【知识点拨】
unless引导的条件状语从句与if引导的条件状语从句
unless 意为“除非,否则”,相当于if not。

unless引导的条件状语从句也可以用or“否则”来做同义句转换。

如:
Unless you listen carefully, you won't know the answer.除非你认真听,否则你不知道答案。

= If you don't listen carefully, you won't know the answer.
= Listen carefully, or you won't know the answer.
【试题研究】
一、单项选择
(B) 1. If you want to go alone, I will go with you.
A. won't
B. don't
C. doesn't
(B) 2. Don't wait for me if I late.
A. will be
B. am
C. was
(C) 3. If the snow heavier, the shop may be closed.
A. will get
B. get
C. gets
(C) 4. If we put ice into fire, it .
A. will melt
B. melt
C. melts
(A) 5. I want to know you have a brother.
A. if
B. that
C. unless
(B) 6. If we attention to the earth, we'll have a better world.
A. pay much
B. pay more
C. paid more
(A) 7. If it tomorrow, what shall we do?
A. rains
B. rain
C. raining
(C) 8. I her the answer if she me.
A. can tell; will ask
B. will tell; will ask
C. will tell; asks
(A) 9. What will you do if you to the old folk's home?
A. go
B. will go
C. going
(A) 10. If there fewer trees, there more pollution.
A. are; will be
B. were; will be
C. are; won't be
(C) 11. If I eat food, I'll be very fat.
A. too many
B. much too
C. too much
(B) 12. If the fog gets thinner, the plane be landed(降落).
A. may
B. can
C. should
(B) 13. If she , she won't be sorry.
A. come
B. comes
C. came
(C) 14. If you the coat, you'll find it on your bed.
A. are looking for
B. were looking for
C. look for
(A) 15. Lana a new dress if the old one out of style.
A .will buy; is B. will buy; was C. buys; is
(A) 16. If you wish, you come in and have a cup of coffee.
A. may
B. must
C. would
(B) 17. Maybe you if you make some bad friends.
A. go wrong
B. will go wrong
C. going wrong
(A) 18. --- Can you tell me if it tomorrow?
--- I'm not sure, I will go swimming if it tomorrow.
A. will rain; doesn't rain
B. will come; won't
C. rains; will rain
(A) 19. --- Come and join us, Betty!
--- I'm afraid I can't. I'm too busy now. If I time, I would certainly go.
A. have
B. have had
C. will have
(B) 20. In the zoo if a child into the water and can't swim, the dolphins may come up him.
A. will fall; to help
B. falls; to help
C. will fall; help
二、根据中文提示完成下列句子
21. 他如果看电视太久了,他的父母会不高兴。

If he watches TV too much, his parents will be unhappy.
22. 如果我们为他组织一场聚会,大家都会前来的。

Everyone will come if we hold a party for him.
23. 如果你抄同学的作业,就不能学好各门功课。

You won’t be good at all the subjects if you copy the other classmates' homework.
24. 如果你对这个俱乐部感兴趣,请填写这张申请表。

25. 如果你现在不出发,就会错过末班车。

If you don't leave now, you will miss the final bus.
三、单句改错(下列各句中均有一处错误,请找出并改正)
26. What is going to happen if there is no air?
is going to→will
27. If you will want to lose weight, you must eat less meat.
去掉will
28. If necessary, I can came at once.
came →come
29. If you have some questions to ask, please call me.
some→any
30. I can't decide if I will go to see the movie.
if→whether
四、按要求改写句子
31. You can pass the exam if you work hard. .(同义句转换)
Work hard , and you can pass the exam .
32. If you don't hurry up, you will be late again. (同义句转换)
Hurry up , or you will be late again . 33. If you help Nancy, she will work faster. (同义句转换)
With your help , Nancy will work faster .
34. Was the machine invented by Tom? She wasn't sure. (合并成一句话)
She wasn’t sure whether the machine was invented by Tom .
五、首字母填空。

根据句意及首字母提示,完成单词。

1. Mrs. Black spoke so fast that I couldn't follow her.
2. Don't read in the sun , because it's bad for your eyes.
3. You're walking too slowly . Come on, or you will be late for class.
4. Luckily , the lost child was found and his parents were happy and excited.
5. This dictionary is really cheap and good. Our teacher advises us to buy it.
6. Tina bought some gifts for her friends when she was on trip in New York.
7. The old man can't hear us, because there is something wrong with his ears.
9. It is 7:10 pm. Look at the sky. It's getting dark . Come on. Let's go home right now.
10. The soccer game between China and Japan was exciting last night and many young people stayed up late to watch it on TV.
六、阅读下面短文,根据短文内容判断句子的正误。

正确的填"A",错误的填"B"。

My father is a driver and my mother is a teacher. Both of them work hard during the week. And they are very busy. But they took me to visit my uncle last weekend. We enjoyed ourselves at my uncle's home.
My uncle had a farm. It was not very big, but there was always so much to do on the farm, so we helped to work on the farm. I like looking after the animals, taking them to the field, giving them food and playing with them.
My parents helped my uncle in the field, and my aunt prepared(准备) dinner for us. Sometimes I helped in the field, too. It was on the farm that I got to know the meaning of the saying, "A grain, a sweat.(一分耕耘,一分收获.)" After several hours' hard work, we were all hungry and tired. We had a big meal, and then went back home in the evening with my parents.
(B) 1. We had fun at my uncle's home for 3 days.
(B ) 2. My uncle had a very big farm.
(B) 3. My parents helped my aunt cook dinner.
(A) 4. I knew the meaning of the saying, "A grain, a sweat." after working in the field.
(B) 5. I went back in the afternoon with my parents and grandparents.
【心理衔接】**********做好情绪管理做情绪的主人**********善于控制、治理自身情绪的人，能够消除情绪的负效能，最大限度地开发情绪的正效能。

1) 选择情绪：一个愈懂得选择情绪的人，也就是愈能换个心情的人。

如此其人生不仅愈丰富，而且每天的日子会过得较快乐。

2) 转移术（冷却或转移注意力）：当一种需求受阻或者遭到挫折时，可以用满足另一种需求来代偿。

也可以通过分散注意力，改变环境来转移情绪的指向。

3) 制怒术（或适度表达愤怒）：在遇到发怒的事情时，首先想想发怒有无道理，其次发怒后有何后果，然后想想是否有其它方式代替发怒。

这样一想，你就可以变得冷静而情绪稳定。

4) 助人术：多做善事，既可以给他人带来快乐，也可使自己心境坦然，具有较好的安全感。

总之，情绪是可以得到有效管理的，只是很多人疏忽了这一点，而变成“情绪的奴隶”，在不良情绪中挣扎，自己很痛苦，也会把这种状态传染给周围的人。