专题13 动词和动词短语-五年(2017-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用) 解析版

专题13 动词和动词短语

【2021年】

1．（2021·天津卷）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.

A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。

2.（2021·天津卷）With that thought in mind, Pruitt 22 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 23 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again for free. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the budget to buy one.

22．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up D．broke away from 23．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered

【答案】22．A 23．D

【解析】22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan an d posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。

23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused 拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt 提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。

3. （2021·浙江卷语法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.

…….

When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white.

【答案】36. has proved/has proven 40.was painted

【解析】36.考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved 或proven。故填has proved/ has proven。

40. 考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。

【2020年】

1.（2020·江苏卷）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.

A. clarify

B. justify

C. satisfy

D. classify

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify 澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。

2. （2020·江苏卷）The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.

A. allowing for

B. accounting for

C. calling for

D. compensating for

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。

3．（2020·天津卷）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.

A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on

C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to