Unit1Topic2SectionA(知识精讲分层练习)-八年级英语上册讲义(仁爱版)(学生版)

Unit 1 Topic 2 Section A
号目标导航
趣知识精讲
单词
短语
句型 句型
重点句子
【课文原句】Michael,could you help me,please?
could的否定形式是coukl not»多缩写为couldn't, （1）表示能力，意思是：能，会。

Could you speak English then ?那时你能讲英语吗?
He said he couldn't follow me.他说他跟不上我。

（2）表示可能性，意思是：可能。

Thal big cinema can seats 2,000 people.那家大电影院能坐2,000 人。

He said he couldn't come.他说他不能来。

（3）提出请求、疑问或看法（could是虚拟语气，代替can,在时间上与can没有区别，只是语气比can 委婉。

can语气直爽、肯定）。

--一Could you let me have your passport?
——Yes, here it is.
（4）表示惊异、不信等情绪（用于疑问和否定句中，此时could与can用法相同，无时间上的差别，用could语气缓和，情绪要弱）。

Who could have taken them?谁会把它们拿走了呢?
She couldn't have left so soon.她不可能这么快就走了。

（5）表示与事实相反的情况（用于虚拟语气）。

I would certainly do it for you if I could.要是我能做得到，我一定会为你们做这事儿。

How I wish 1 could go with you!我多么希望和你们一道去！
【即学即练1】Could you please（pass） the basketball to me?
答案：pass3
2 '知识点02【课文原句］ We are going to have a soccer game against Class Five on Saturday.
Againsi在英语中是介词，而不是动词，可表示多种含义，我们要准确理解和正确使用“against”，首先要注意与其经常搭配使用的词语及其含义，还要当心它在不同上下文中所具有的不同意思。

现将其常见含义和用法归纳如下: 一.表示“反对"“违背“（In hostile opposition or resistance to）,其反义词为for。

若表示“强烈反对”,一般与副词strongly搭配。

如：
1.Public opinion is strongly against his visit to the country.舆论强烈反对他访问这个国家。

2.They are strongly against the idea.他们强烈反对这个意见。

3.we shouldn't go against nature.我们不应该违背大自然。

4.What have you done is against the law.你所做的事情是违法的。

5.Jane married Jack against her own will.简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。

表示"反对”时，经常同那些与之含义相关的动词连用（如：fight, struggle, pro（ est, argue, guard等）。

如：
6.The soldiers fought against the enemy bravely. 士兵们勇敢地打敌人。

7.He struggled against those who opposed his plan.他同那些反对他的计划的人作斗争。

8.Rules and regulations help teams function well, but we should always guard against making teams too bureaucratic.规章制度有利于团队功能的发挥，但是我们经常应该防止使团队过于官僚制度化。

二.表示位置，意为"靠着"、"倚在"、"顶着"等(In contact wkh so as to rest or press on)。

如: I. Place the ladder against the wall.把梯子靠在墙上。

2.The teacher's desk is against the wall.老师的办公桌靠墙放着。

3.He stood leaning against the tree.他站着斜靠在墙上。

4.Put your bicycle against the tree.把你的自行车靠在树上。

5.He stood with his back against the door.他背靠着门站着。

三.表示"撞击碰着"之意(So as to come into forcible contact with)。

如:
1.The waves dashed against the shore.波涛撞击海岸。

2.The rain was beating the windows.雨点拍打着窗户。

3.Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。

【即学即练2】(2007 福建，32) Although my opinion, the old professor didn't come up with his own.
A. against
B. on
C. for
D. in
解析：选A。

句意：虽然这位老教授反对我的观点，但并没有提出他自己的观点。

againsi意为反对(opposing or disagreeing with sb.), for 意为支持,拥护(in support of sb.Xsth.)。

卷
2知识点03
【课文原句】But one of my teammates fell ill.
oneof后面是加复数，用来表示什么中的一个，动词用单数第三人称。

oneof+名词复数，表示什么其中之一。

one of +人称代词，表示什么人当中之一。

one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示什么当中最怎样的。

oncof+thc+形容词最高级+名词复数
1、Norman?Bethune?is?one?of?China,s?mostfamous?heroes,?but?he?wasn't?Chinese—he?was?Canadian.诺尔曼？白求恩是中国最着名的英雄之一，但他不是中国人，他是加拿大人。

这里mosi之前有China's这样的限定语了，就不要the /。

the, a?与this, that与my, your这三类限定词，只能用一个，不能同时用。

2、This?is?one?of?the?best?televisions?on?the?market.SJ£目前销售的品种最好的电视机之一。

one of +名词复数
I、She?is?one?of?those?vain?people?who?never?take?others'?advice.$t!lM「那种自负得从不听别人劝告的人。

2、One?of?lhe?gangsters?was?caught?by?the?police.歹徒之一被警察逮捕。

3、He?is?one?of?my?friends.?他是我的一个朋友。

【即学即练3】
The?Great?Wall?is?one?of?the(sight)?of?the?world.长城是世界名胜之•。

答案：sights
【课文原句】Would you mind teaching me?
Would you mind句型一般用在面对陌生人时或者非常正式的场合，用来表达委婉、客气的意愿，不用在朋友之间，或者普通、随便的场合。

would you mind doing sth 你介意做某事吗？？
例：Would you mind looking after my baby while I'm away?
我不在的时候，你介意不介意照看一下我的小孩？
Would?you?mind?taking a few books to him?烦劳您带几本书给他。

Would?you?mind?paying for me? Fil pay?you?back later.你先给我垫上,以后再还你。

常用用茯还有：
1. Would you mind +名词宾格/形容词性物主代词?+ doing.意为“某人做某事，你介意吗？”
would you mind my/his/her/their doing sih 你介意我/他/她/他们做某事吗
例：Would you mind me/my smoking here?你介意我在这里抽烟吗？
Would you mind me/my opening the window?你介意我开窗户吗？
2.Would you mind + if从句。

谓语动词常为过去式，用来表示委婉的语气
例：Would you mind if I smoke?你介意我抽烟吗?
Would you mind if I weresay...say...我这样说的话，你介意吗？
注意：Would you mind后面不能加不定式，即to do
对于Would you mind...??这一口语句型的回答请注意以卜几点。

如：
对该句型的回答，本质上是针对mind的回答，所以。

如：
a.?肯定回答=介意(mind)=不同意
b.?否定【可答=不介意(nol mind)=同意
1.?表示不同意时，通常的回答有(有时为了使语气委婉，通常不直接用Yes)。

如：
Yes, I do mind.?是的，我很介意。

Please don't...请不要
Better not, please.?请最好不要I'd rather you didn't.?我宁愿你不
I'm sorry, but…很抱歉，最好(别)等等。

2.?表示同意的通常回答有：
Oh, no, please.?不介意,有请。

No, not at all.?不介意,一点不介意。

Not at all.?一点也不介意。

Of course not.?当然不介意。

No, go ahead.?不介意，你请吧。

—Would you mind if I smoke here?
A.?Yes, please
B.?No, please don't
C.?Sorry, please?????
D.?Sorry, please don't 此题应选D0容易误选A 。

本题主要涉及Would you mind...??这一口语句型的回答问题。

M 分层作业
题组A 基础过关练
根据汉语提示填空
1. 一Excuse me, do you have tickets for the concert? —Sorry, we have (没有一个)left.
2. Please be careful when you go across the road, or a car may (撞)you.
3. They arc all good boys with hearts of gold. They will never .(偷)
4. The sweater is old and a little big for you, but it will keep you warm.(至少)
5. I am sorry I can't go to your party. I have the (流感). 用所给单词的正确形式填空
6. Judy writes??(person) letters to "Daddy”every month, telling him of her study.
7. We should do something to prevent people useless things into rivers, (throw)
8. He will be known around the world as the telephone(invent).
9. It's difficult for me(finish) the work in two days. 10. Biro was the(invent) of the ballpoint pen.
题组B 能力提升练
I.单项选择。

1. They didn't go hiking yesterday the heavy snow. A. because of B. asC. sinceD. because
2. —The doctors advise us not to hang out in the crowded supermarkets. That's for sure.is more important than our health. A. SomethingB. AnythingC. Nothing
3. —Look! There is a little bird. Mom.
It flew into my room the window just now. A. throughB. aboveC. under 4. he is rich enough to get anything, he isn't happy at all. A. UnlessB. BecauseC. As
5. —What did you buy for your son at the supermarket?
—I bought because I couldn't find he likes.
A. something; anything
B. anything; something
C.
6. —Would you mind my opening the window?
_. It's much too hot here. A. SureB. Of course notC.
7. —May I ask you some questions, Mr. Wu?
—j
A. Certainly
B. Catch you
C. No way
8. Look! The sunlight can come in the windows and warm up the whole
living room.
A. over
B. below
C. across
D. through 9. Alice bought some presents fbr her parents, but she didn't buy for herself
10. There a New Year's Day party next week, so students are preparing for it now. A. isB. areC. will beD. will have 11. 完形填空。

Many people say volleyball is easy. "If you can hit it in the air, you can play volleyball." I agreed with those
D. in D. Although nothing; anything All right D. Goodbye A. something
A. something
B. nothing
C. anything
people in the past. II now I find it is not really so.
I wasn't good at volleyball at first. But after 12 hard with my mother, I was sure that I could join my school 13 and surprise everyone. Playing volleyball wasn't that easy. When I played with the team, I was unable to work with other players successfi.illy. I felt sad. Isn't volleyball just about hitting the 14 ? I began a few weeks of training （训I 练）with the team. Then, we had our first 15 against Park School. The Park School players were full of experience. However, most of my teammates were not. I could 16 hope to win.
But during the game, I enjoyed the game and felt F7 working together with my teammates. The sounds of running feet, loud shouts and cheers （欢呼）filled us with warmth. After the game, everyone was excited and
18 our teamwork.
That's when I started to know that being on the school team meant 19 together with others. I 20 how cooperalion （合作）is of great importance. Volleyball helped me make friends, learn new things, and find my true self within a group.
11. A. But
B. And
C. Or
D. So 12. A. practicing B. talking C. driving
D. silting 13. A. uniform
B. team c. class
D. homework 14. A.
man B. ground c. corner D. ball 15. A. hill B. hole c. game D. yard 16. A. hardly B. never c. often D. always 17. A. awful
B. terrible c. happy
D. alive
18. A. worried about B. heard about c. knew about D. talked about 19. A. living B. working c. writing D. warning 20.
A.
entered
B.
cut
c. understood
D. shook
in.阅读理解。

All over the world, people enjoy sports. Sports are good fbr people's health. Many people like to watch others play games. They buy tickets or turn on （heir TV sets or may be online to watch.
Sports change with the seasons. People play different games in different seasons. Sometimes they play inside the room. Sometimes they play outside. We can find sports here and there. Some sports are rather interesting and people everywhere like them. Football, for example, is very popular in （he world. People from differeni countries cannot understand each other, but after a game they often become very friendly to each other. 21. Sports are good for. A. （he players C. （he coaches 22. If you like sports, you can. A. buy tickets to watch the games C. watch the games on the Internet 23. People play in different seasons. A. the same gameB. different games C. any gamesD. all kinds of games 24. is very popular in the world.
A. Table tennis
B. Baseball
C. Football
D. Skating
25. From this passage we can see that can become very friendly. A. people from different countries allB. people from the same country
C. people who do the same sports
D. after a game, people from different countries
I am Bob. I am 11 years old. I live in a tall building. My hobby is playing football. I often play football with my classmates, because they like playing football, too. We often win. Why do I like football? Because it docs a lot of good to my body. Do you like foolball?
Basketball is very popular in （he world. Many young people like playing basketball. It is also my favorite. I'm a basketball fan. I like Yao Ming. He is a very famous player. I hope I can play basketball well and be a basketball star in the future. Who am I? Oh, Tm Liu Qiang.
My name is Lin Li. I'm twelve. My favorite sport is volleyball. Volleyball is a team sport played by two teams on a playing court divided （分开的）by a net. I like Zhao Ruirui very much. She is a great volleyball player in China. Pm going to be a volleyball player in the future.
Hello, Tin Annie. Tin ten years old. I have three best friends. They are Ann, Mary and Jane. Wc all like to play badminton. After school, we usually play badminton in the park. We usually play together. Why do we like playing badminton? Because it can build ourselves up.
B. people's health D. people who like sports B. watch the games on TV D. A, B and C
26.Who likes playing basketball?
D. Bob.
A. Lin Li.
B. Annie.
C. Liu Qiang.
27. Where do Annie and her friends play badminton?
D. At home.
A. Al school.
B. On the street.
C. In the park.
28. Who wants to be a volleyball player in the future?
A. Liu Qiang.
B. Annie.
C. Lin Li.
D. Bob.
29.Why docs Bob like playing football?
A.Because he can play with his friends.
B.Because his parents ask him to do it.
C.Because he doesift like basketball.
D.Because football does a lot of good to his body.
30.Is Yao Ming a great football player in the world?
A. Yes, he is.
B. Yes, he does.
C. No, he doesn't.
D. N o, he isn't。