高一英语必修一语法归纳
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高一英语必修一 unit1--5
一、重点词汇及短语:
upset, ignore, calm, concer n, wonder, outdoo rs, purpos e, settle, suffer, recove r, pack, disagr ee, dare, gratef ul, add up, calm...down , have got to , be concer ned about, go
throug h, set down, a series of, in orderto, at dusk, face to face, no longer/ not...any longer, suffer from, get/ be tiredof, pack...up, get alongwith, fall in love, join in, get sth done, walk the dog, should have done, make...sth/adj., hide away, grow/be crazyabout, do with, happen to do sth, take no notice of, have troubl e with
1. upsetadj. 心烦意乱的,不安的(常接abou t/at/over等介词)
eg. He was upsetoverhiswife‘sillnes s.
vt. 使不安;使心烦(upset, upset)
2. ignore vt. 不理睬;忽视(故意装作不理睬)(近义词disregar d‖看轻,无视,
不顾‖,指经过考虑后认为不重要)
ignora nt adj. 没意识到的,不知道的
be ignora nt 不知道,没意识到
3. calm vt.& vi. (使)平静/镇定
calm(…)down(使)平静下来/镇定下来
eg. Go somewh ere quietand calm your friend down.
adj. 平静的;镇静的;沉着的(近义词quiet, silent, still)
calm:平静的,沉着的;指无风浪或人的心情不激动。
quiet:宁静的,安静的;指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。
silent:寂静的,沉默的;指不说话或没有声音。
still:静止的,不动的;指(人体等)无运动的。
4. concer n vt. (使)担忧;涉及;关系到
be concer ned about关心;挂念
eg. Tell your friend that you are concer ned abouthim/her.
短语: at concer ns关于;as/sofaras…beconcer ned关于,至于;be concer ned over/at 关心;be concer ned with关于,牵涉到;be concer ned in和…有牵连;be concer ned for关心,为…担忧
n. 担心,关注,挂念
5. wonder vt.&vi. 怀疑,想知道,惊奇,对…感到惊讶
n. 惊奇[U],奇迹、奇观[C]
后可接if/w hethe r, 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句时won der指“想知道,对…有怀疑”,接that引导的宾语从句时won der指“对…感到奇怪”
eg. I wonder if/whethe r he is a univer sityboy.
I wonder who he is.
We wonder that the little boy is a univer sityboy.
短语:wonder about想知道,纳闷;wonder at觉得奇怪
6. outdoo rs adv. 在户外,在野外
n. 户外
outdoo r adj. 户外的,野外的
7. purpos e n. 目的,计划,意图,目标
短语:on purpos e故意;with the purpos eof…带有…的目的;for the purpos eof…
为了…的目的
eg. Don‘thurtyourbestfriend on purpos e.
8. settle vi. 安家,定居,停留
vt. 使定居,安排,解决,使沉淀,使平静
settle down 定居,专心于,安定下来 settle in 迁入
settle d adj. 固定的,稳定的
settle r n[C]. 移民者,殖民者
settle mentn[C]. 定居点,住宅区;n[U]沉降,解决
9. suffer vt. 遭受,忍受,经历vi. 受…之苦,折磨
suffer from 遭受,患病
eg. Mary is suffer ing from the sadnes s of her blindn ess.
近义词:underg o v. 经历,遭受
10. recove r vt.& vi. 痊愈,恢复,重新获得/找到(强调自我恢复)
近义词: restor e 恢复(强调外力使得恢复)
eg. Jennie made a greateffort to recove r hersel f.
recove r from 从…中复原
recove red adj. 痊愈了的 recove ry n[U]. 恢复
11. pack vi.& vt. 捆扎,包装,打行李n. 小包,包裹
apackof…一包...pack(…)up(把)打包
packet n[C]. 一包,一叠 parcel n[C]. 包裹
12. disagr ee vi. 不同意(反义词:agree)
disagr ee with (sb.)不同意某人的观点
disagr ee to do sth. 不同意去做某事
disagr eemen t n. 不同意(反义词:agreem ent)
13. dare “敢于,胆敢”可做情态动词,也可做实义动词(dare to do sth./dare do sth.)
eg. How dare you say that to me?
dare sb. to do sth. 估计…没胆去做某事
eg. I dare you to jump from this wall.
固定搭配:I dare say 我想,大概,可能,或许(常做插入语)
eg. I dare say it will rain today.
14. gratef ul adj. 感激的,表示谢意的
be gratef ul to/toward s对…表示感激;
be gratef ul for为…表示感激
be gratef ulto…for…为...而对…表示感激
eg. I‘llbeverygratef ul to you if you give me an earlyanswer.
I‘mverygratef ulforallthatyou‘vedonetous.
I‘mverygratef ul to you for having helped me so much.
15. add up 合计
add v. 添加,增加(近义词:increa se),将…相加,补充说
add A to B 在B中加入A
add up to 合起来为
add to增加,增添(多指抽象意义)
add…in…把…加进去,包括
16. have got to 不得不,必须(近义词:have to)
两者的区别:
1. have got to的否定形式是hav en‘tgotto,疑问句形式h av e提前;have to的否定
形式和疑问句形式是借助助动词do/does/did;
2. have got to不和wi ll,情态动词连用,h ave to可以。
17. go throug h经历,经受;浏览,查阅;仔细检查;经过
(近义词为suffer, experi ence)
区别go throug h和get throug h
1. get throug h指通过(考试等),完成,接通电话
2.表示“通过”时,go throug h不用于被动语态,而get throug h常用于g et sth. throug h
结构中
18. set down 记下(writedown, put down, take down, note down),放下(put down),
登记
19. a series of 一连串的,一系列,一套
a series of+ n.[C](pl.)+ v.(三单)
series n[C]. (单复数同型)连续,系列
in series连续,逐次; in series with 与…串联/相连
20. in orderto do sth.为了做…(so as to do sth.)
in ordernot to do sth. 为了不做…(soasnottodosth.)
in orderthat目的状语从句(s o that)
in orderto放句首和句中,so as to只放句中
21. at dusk 在黄昏时刻
22. face to face 面对面地
23. no longer/ not...any longer(强调时间)不再…
(近义词:nomore/not…anymore感情色彩更浓)
24. get/ be tiredof对…厌烦(精神上)(近义词:get/ be sick of)
be tiredwith/from…(体力上)对…厌倦
近义词:exhaus ted(语气最强),tireso me令人讨厌的,tired(泛指)
25. get along/on with 与…相处,在…方面进展…
eg I can get alongwell with my classm ates.
I get alongwell with my Englis h study.
反义词:have a hard time with, have troubl e with
have troubl e/have a hard time (in) doingsth.
26. fall in love (with sb.) (和某人)相爱(强调动作)
be in love (with sb.) (和某人)相爱(强调状态)
27. join in 参加,加入(聚会、活动等)=take part in
join 参加(团体,组织,人群等)
attend参加,出席,到场(会议,班级等)
partic ipate参与(参加某一项活动,常与in搭配)
enter进入(某个空间等)
28. get sth done 使…被…
eg. Please get y ourhaircut.I‘vehadit.
29. walk the dog遛狗=take the dog for a walk
30. should have done本应该做(实际没做)
Should n‘thavedone本不应该做(但实际做了)
表示对过去的虚拟
31. make...sth/adj. 使…(宾补)
eg. She made her diaryher best friend.
Rainydays make my sad.
32. hide away 藏起来,躲开
33. grow/be crazyabout对…痴迷/狂热
be crazyto do sth. 疯狂地做某事
34. do with 处理,与…相关
eg. What do you do with the little puppy?=How do you deal with the little puppy?
I‘vegrownso crazyabouteveryt hingto do with
nature.
35. happen to do sth.=do sth. by chance=do sth. by accide nt
碰巧
36. take no notice of=ignore; take notice of=pay attent ion to=notice
二、重点句型:
1. Your friend comesto school very upset.
adj.作状语,用来补充说明主语your friend来学校时的心情。
此处作伴随状语。
与副词做状语修饰谓语不同,形容词做状语更多地注重描述主语所处的状态。
一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开,可位于句首、句末或句中,在意义上相当于一个状语从句。
2. Whilewalkin g the dog, you were carele ssandit…
当时间状语从句,让步状语从句或方式状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句的主语和b e动词可以省略。
3. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were
discov ered.
段时间+before“在...之后才...”
4. Idon‘twanttosetdownaseries of factsin a diaryas most people do(就像大多数人一样地做)…
as引导的方式状语从句
5. Your friend, who doesn’tworkhard, asks you to help him/her cheatin the exam by lookin g at your paper.
who引导的非限定性定语从句;
Make a list of reason s why friend s are import ant to you.
Do you want a friend whom you couldtell everyt hingto…
定语从句: reason s why+定语从句;a friend whom+定语从句;
I can well rememb er that therewas a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonli ght and flower s couldneverhave kept me spellb ound.
Therewas a time when+定语从句;couldhave done情态动词表对过去的推测;k eep sb. done宾补,spellb ound是spellbind的过去分词,指“被吸引的,被迷住的”6. So she made her diaryher best friend.
make sb./ sth.+ n.(宾补)
7. I want this diaryitself to be my friend.
itself做diar y的同位语,是it的强调形式。
8. I am only able to look at nature throug h dirtycurtai ns hangin g before very dustywindow s.
…pieceof materi al hung to covera window.
现在分词和过去分词作后置定语,及其区别。
8. It was the firsttime in a year and a half that I‘dseenthenightfacetoface…
强调句:It was the firsttime that+过去完成时
9. It’snopleasu re lookin g throug h theseany longer…
It‘snopleasu re doingsth.做某事不愉快
10. She foundit diffic ult to settleand…
It做形式宾语,to do sth.做真正的宾语。
find it diffic ult to do sth.类似的动词有thin k, consid er等。
11. It was such fun to watchitrun…
句型It is + n. to do sth。
It做形式主语,to do sth,做真正的主语;感官动词watch sb. do sth. 不带to的不定式做宾补。
三、语法:直接引语和间接引语(陈述句和疑问句)
1、直接引语:直接引用别人的原话。
直接引语通常放在引号内。
eg:My mother always says, ―Youshould studyhard.‖
2、间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。
间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。
eg:My mother always told me that I should studyhard.
3、直接引语和间接引语的转换
(1)句式的转换
①陈述句去逗号和引号,用say that/tell sb.(that也可以省略)接宾语从句;said/told sb.后面的从句要做人称、时态等的变化。
Eg: He usuall y says that, ―Iamtheclever est in the world.”
----He usuall y says that he is the clever est in the world.
②一般疑问句去逗号和引号,用if/whethe r接宾语从句,改用陈述语序。
从句中要做人称,时态等相应变化。
Eg: He askedme,―Willyougowithme?‖
--- He askedme if I wouldgo with him.
③特殊疑问句去逗号和引号,用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句,改用陈述语序。
从
句中要做人称,时态等相应变化。
Eg: I askedthe studen ts, ―Howmanywordshave you learne d?‖
--- I askedthe studen ts how many wordsthey had learne d.
---He askedme to pass him the book.
(2)人称的转换一随主,二随宾,三不变
(3)时态的转换
①动词的时态:当直接引语表示客观真理或经常性的特点时,转换成间接引语时,保持原来的一般现在时。
当主句的谓语动词是现在时态,宾语从句中可以根据实际情况选用不同时态。
但是如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语从句做如下调整:
一般现在时----一般过去时
一般过去时----过去完成时
一般将来时----过去将来时
现在进行时----过去进行时
现在完成时----过去完成时
过去完成时----过去完成时
记忆口诀:主现从不限,
主过从也过,
客观真理永不变。
(4)指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词的变化
指示代词this---that, these—those,
时间状语now—then, today—that day, tonigh t—that night, tomorr ow—the next day, next week—the next week, last night—the nightbefore, yester day—the day before, the day before yester day—two days ago, ago—before
地点状语 here--there
动词的变化c ome—go, bring—take
Eg: Dorissaid to me,“I will go to see you tomorr ow and take you a presen t.‖
--- Dorissaid to me she wouldcome to see me the next day and bringme a presen t. 备注:假如当时当地转述,时间、地点状语不变,指示代词不变。
四、交际运用:如何友好地表达同意或不同意
Attitu des:
Are you afraid that.../ I‘vegrownso crazyabout.../Ididn‘tdare...
Agreem ent and disagr eemen t:
I agree./ I thinkso./ Exactl y./ Idon‘tagree./ Idon‘tthinkso./ I‘mafraid not.
Certai nty:
That‘scorrec t./ Of course not.
U2 Englis h around the world
一、重点词汇
voyage, actual ly, base, gradua lly, latter, identi ty, freque nt, freque ntly, comman d, reques t, recogn ize, straig ht, enrich, fluent, standa rd, expect, howeve r,becaus e of, come up, at presen t, make use of, such as, play a part in, more than, go to the pictur es, at the end of, than ever before, commun icate with, a largenumber of, Only time will tell. withou t a second though t, believ e it or not, to this day
1. voyage n[C]. 航行,航海
vi. 去航海
2. actual ly adv. 实际上,事实上
3. base vt. 以...为根据n. 基部,基地,基础
be basedon以...为基础
eg. Good oral Englis h is basedon good pronun ciati on.
basicadj. 基本的,基础的
basica lly adv. 基本上,根本上
4. gradua lly adv. 逐渐地,逐步地(近义词:little by little)
gradua l adj. 逐渐的,逐步的
5. latter adj. 较后的,后半的,后面的,(两者中)后者的
lateradj. 稍后的,待会的
latter强调顺序上靠后的,later强调时间上过会的
the latter后者(反义词:the former)
6. identi ty n. 本身,本体,身份,个性/特性
identi fy vt. 识别 identi ficat ion n. 鉴明,验明
identi cal adj. 完全相同的,同一的
be identi cal with/to 和…完全相同
eg. The themeof this movieis identi cal with that of that book.
7. freque nt adj. 频繁的,常见的
freque ntlyadv. 常常,频繁地
8. comman d n.& vt. 命令,指令,掌握
have a comman dof…对…有掌握
comman d引导宾语从句,从句需用虚拟语气(should do 且shoul d可省略)9. reques t n. & vt. 请求,要求
reques t that宾语从句用虚拟语气(should do且sho uld可省略)
make (a) reques t for请求,要求
in greatreques t大众非常需求 on reques t应…的要求
reques t sth. from sb.向某人要某物
atone‘sreques t/ at the reques t of sb. 应…的要求
as reques ted 依照请求 come into reques t变得缺乏
by reques t (of) 依照请求,应邀
complywithone‘sreques t顺应某人的请求
10. recogn ize vt. 辨认出,承认,公认
eg. Sorry,Ididn‘trecogn ize you when you wore your sungla ssesyester day.
recogn ize…as…认出…是…
recogn ize指“承认”时的固定用法:
recogn izesb.tobe…承认某人是…
be recogn izeda s/tobe…某人被承认是…
11. straig ht adv.直接,挺直;adj.直的,笔直的,正直的
eg. Please go straig ht, and turn left at the firstcorner, thenyou‘llseeastraig ht street. be straig ht with 对…坦诚
12. enrich vt. 使富裕,充实,改善,使肥沃
后接具有抽象含义的一些名词作宾语。
13. fluent adj. 流利的,流畅的
Fluent ly adv. 常常,频繁地
14. standa rd adj. 标准的,模范的(无比较等级)
eg. Mary speaks standa rd Englis h.
n[C]. 标准,水平,规格,规范
eg. This is a book that is a standa rd of litera ry excell ence.
15. expect vt. 预期,期望,指望,预料
adj. expect ed 预期的,预料的
n. expect ation期望,预料
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
16. howeve r adv. 可是,但是,然而(转折翻译,一般做插入语,可放句首,句中或
句末,常用逗号隔开)
(近义词:in spiteof this, nevert heles s)
conj. 不论怎样,无论以何种方式(相当于no matter how)引导让步状语从句
17. becaus e of 因为,由于,多亏(近义词:thanks to, due to, owingto)后加名词性
短语
becaus e of可用于强调句中:It was becaus e of the job that he had takenthe flat.
becaus e of后可接w hat从句,但此时what从句为宾语从句:She got angrybecaus e of what her boyfri end had said.
becaus e是连词,引导原因状语从句
18. come up 走近(draw near, approa ch),上来,提出,(植物等)长出地面,出
现,(太阳)升起
come on出场,进展,加油 come about发生
come up to达到come out出版,结果是,出来
come across/upon 偶遇,偶然发现
come to恢复知觉,共计,达到come by经过,获得
come along加紧,过来
come down 下来,倒下,流传下来,病倒
come back回来,回忆起,恢复
19. at presen t 现在,目前
presen t n. 目前,礼物
adj. 出席的,在场的,现在的,进行的
vt. 赠送,提交,上演,介绍
for the presen t暂时 up to/till the presen t直到现在
be presen t to出现在…面前
live in the presen t适应当下形势
presen t sb. with sth./ presen t sth. to sb. 赠送某人某物
Thereis no time like the presen t.机不可失,时不再来
20. make (good, full/the best/the most, little)use of (好好,充分,未)利用,使用
make use of sth. to do sth.使用某物去做某事
be of greatuse= be very useful be of no use无用
come into use开始被使用be in use在使用
be/go out of use不再使用,废弃
put/bring…intouse使…得到使用
It‘snousedoingsth. 做某事是无用的
use sth. to do sth/ for doingsth用某物来做某事
be used to do sth./be used for doingsth. 被用来做某事
get/be used to doingsth. 习惯于
beusedas…被用作…
21. such as例如…,像这种的(用于列举事物,一般不全部列举。
插在被列举事物
与前面的名词之间,不与andso on连用)
for exampl e例如…(用来举例说明,有时可作为插入语放在句中,不影响句子其他部分的语法关系)
namely= that is全部列举出来
22. play a part in 扮演一个角色,参与= play a role in
23. more than 副词短语
当后面加数词时,指“超过”=over
当后面加名词、代词或动词时,指“不仅仅,不只是”= not only
eg. Hibern ation is more than sleep.It‘sadeepsleep.
not more than“不超过”no more than=only“仅仅”
24. go to the pictur es去看电影=go to the movies
25. at the end of 在…之末(做状语、表语及修饰词)
当后接时间(一般过去时/一般将来时)(反义词:at the beginn ing of);后还可接地点
by the end of在最后之前(常常结合完成时来考察)
in the end最后,最终(at last,finall y),不接of
26. than ever before比以往更…(做时间状语)
27. commun icate with 与…交流
commun icate也可做为v t. commun icate sth. to sb.
commun icati on n. 交流
28. a largenumber of 绝大部分(后接可数名词的复数,谓语动词用原型)
the numberof…的数量(后接可数名词的复数,但谓语动词要用三单形式)修饰可数名词复数的词,表示“许多”:
(a good/great) many, quitea few, a large/great/smallnumber of
修饰不可数名词的词,表示“许多”:
much, a greatdeal of, quitea little, an amount of
既可修饰可数名词复数,又可修饰不可数名词,表示“许多”:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a greatquanti ty of
29. Only time will tell 只有时间才可以证明
30. withou t a second though t 不假思索
31. believ eitornot‖不论信否‖常作插入语,放在句首
32. to th isday‖直到现在‖,作时间状语
二、重点句型
1. Native Englis h speake rs can unders tandeach othereven if theydon‘tspeakthe same kind of Englis h.
even if / even though是conj. 引导让步状从
2. Englis h became less like German becaus e thosewho ruledEnglis h spokefirstDanish and laterFrench.
thosewho+ 定语从句
As we know, Britis h Englis h is a little differ ent from Americ an Englis h.
as引导的非限定性定语从句
3. It is not easy for a Chines e person to speakEnglis has…
It is +adj. (for sb) to do sth.与It is +adj. (of sb) to do sth.
It作形式主语,to do sth.作真正的主语
当形容词表示人的性格,品质等用fo r,其余情况用o f。
4. One reason is that Englis h has a large…
One reason is that + 表语从句
5 This is becaus e in the earlydays of radiothosewho report edthenews…
This is becaus e + 表语从句
in the earlydays 早期(day的另外一个意思为“时期”)
6. Howeve r, on TV and the radioyou will hear differ ences in the way people speak.
the way+(in which/that/省略)+定语从句
此处的tha t是关系副词,定语从句中当that表示方式,时间或地点时,则that可作为关系副词使用。
当先行词为th e way时,关系副词用i n which或者that,并且可以省略。
7. Then alongcomesthis catfis h‗boutthesizeofahouse.
Then alongcomes...全倒装
full invers ion:当地点介词短语提到句首时;当地点副词提到句首时,当方位副词提到句首时;当动词的过去分词作表语或者及其短语,作为形容词提到句首时三、语法:直接引语和间接引语(请求和命令)
祈使句(或疑问形式的祈使句)
通常改为ask/tell/order+宾语+不定式的简单句。
eg. ―Openthedoor.‖father said.
--- Father told me to open the door.
―Wouldyou pleasepassmethebook?‖hesaid.
---He askedme to pass him the book.
四、交际运用
How to solvethe diffic ultie s in langua ge commun icati on;
1. 请求重复法:I beg your pardon?
2. 提出问题法:Wh atdoyoumeanby…?
3.描述释义法: What abouther age?
4. 总结法:Soyoumean…?
How to descri be direct ions;
Asking and showin g the way
Unit3 Travel journa l
一.【重点词汇】
journa l: 日记,日志(对于事件、经历等有规律进行的私人记录)diary;keep a journa l 期刊 eg. The doctor is readin g the Journa l of Medica l Scienc e.
辨析:journe y, tour, travel, trip, voyage
prefer: prefer to do sth, prefer n to n
prefer doingto doing
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 与其…不如…
= wouldrather do sth than do sth
disadv antag e [C]shortc oming s反义词:advant age;merit; strong points
at a disadv antag e 处于不利的地位
take advant age of 乘机利用,利用别人的弱点占便宜
have an advant age over 胜过, 优于
altitu de: at an altitu de of 海拔在……longit ude
attitu de to/toward s/to 对……的态度
姿势,姿态 eg.He remain ed standi ng in a listen ing attitu de. 他一直在那儿做倾听状。
e g. He receiv ed the guests with a respec tfulattitu de. 他以恭敬的姿态接待客人。
用in 表式静态,用with表动态
to one's advant age(=to the advant age sb.) 对...有利
cyclen. 循环, 周期; 自行车, 摩托车vi骑自行[摩托]车
cycleto work / school walk to work / school
recycl e vt /vi. 回收利用; 再循环
recycl ableadj可循环再用的
non-recycl ableadj 不可循环再用的
persua de sb to do sth = persua de sb into doingsth
persua de sb not to do sth = persua de sb out of doingsth
advise sb to do
gradua te from 从……毕业(短暂性动词)
aftergradua tion毕业后 a gradua te studen t 研究生undergra duate studen t ;大学本科生care about表示在乎,常用于否定句;care for表示关心,喜爱,常用于肯定句。
take care of照顾take care 小心,保重
determ ine to do sth / determ ine on,upon sth 决定某事
be determ ined(a.坚定的,坚决的) to do sth决心做某事 a determ inedlook
反义词:hesita te
persua de v. 说服;劝服
persua de sb. 说服某人
persua de sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
persua de sb. not to do sth. 说服某人不要做某事
I persua de him to keep away from the net bar.
makeupone‘smind下决心
make up 编造;讲和;;化装, 打扮;组成, 构成
make it 及时赶到, 办成功; 达到目的;
make room for 为…….让地方
make out 辨认出,理解make money挣钱
make sense讲得通,言之有理
make a living谋生;维持生活
make a mistak e / mistak es 弄错;犯错误
make fun of 取笑make one\'s way 前进;行进
make sure 查明;弄确实;务使;确信
12. give in 屈服,让步
give away赠送; 赠予; 颁发;分发;泄露, 出卖
give back 归还;送回
give out 分发;耗尽,用完
give up 放弃
give off发出;放出; 散发出; 放射出
二.【重点句型】
Choose a placeyou want to visit.(P17. 2. L1)
choose-chose-chosen
make a choice作出选择
choose form 从……中选择
(which/that)you want to visit定语从句
Ever sincemiddle school, my sister Wangwe i and I have dreame d abouttaking a greatbike trip.(P18 L1)
ever since自从……以来,常与完成时连用。
dreamabout/of/that…梦想做某事
dreamabout/ of therebeing…梦想有……
take a bike trip 单车旅行
It was my sister who firsthad the idea to cyclealongthe entire Mekong Riverfrom whereit begins to whereit ends.(P18L13)
Itis/was…that/who….(强调句型)
eg. (2007重庆,27) It is not who is rightbut what is right ___ is of import ance. A. which B. it C. that D. this
She can be really stubbo rn.(P18L16)
can 有可能会,表客观的可能性。
Althou ghshedidn‘tknowthebestwayofgettin g to places, she insist ed that she organi ze the trip proper ly.(P18L17)
althou gh 不能与but连用,但可与yet连用。
insist坚持要求,后接句子要用虚拟语气,即(should) do 的形式。
They insist ed that they (should) talk to the manage r.
insist坚持声称,后接句子不用虚拟语气。
eg Davidinsist ed that what he had done was right.
insist on 坚持
She gave me a determ inedlook –the kind that said she wouldnot change her mind.
a determ inedlook 坚毅的眼神 would:表意愿。
…, she seemed to be excite d aboutit.(P18L23)
seem to do sth
It seemsthat…
Thereseemstobe…
When I told her the air wouldbe hard to breath e and it wouldbe very cold, she said it wouldbe an intere sting experi ence(P18L23)
to breath e 前省略了fo r you
experi encen. 经历[C] ; 经验[U] vt. 体验,经历
Once she has made up her mind, nothin g can change it. (P18L25)
once: conj. 一旦, Once printe d, this book will be very popula r. adv. 一次,曾经。
I have only been here once. n. 一次adj. 曾经的,以前的 This is the once capita l of the nation
all at once 立刻
It become s rapids as it passes throug h deep valley s, travel lingacross wester n Yunnan Provin ce.(P18L29)
throug h:穿越 across:横跨,横渡over 翻过,翻越
We were both surpri sed to learnthat…(P18L31)
be surpri sedtodo…
A determ inedperson always triesto finish the job, no matter how hard it is.( P20 1.②) No matter how + adj/adv 不论如何
引导让步状语从句
Our legs were so heavyand cold that they felt like blocks of ice.(p22L1)引导结果状语从句
That‘swhatwelooked like!(P22 L2)
That‘swhat…那就是……的事情或东西。
引导表语从句
Alongthe way childr en dresse d in long wool coatsstoppe d to look at us.(P22 L3)
dresse d in 分词短语作后置定语,dresse d表状态。
Wangwe i rode in frontof me as usual.(P22L5)
as usual像往常一样
To climbthe mounta ins was hard work but as we looked…(P22L6)
To climbthe mounta ins 不定式作主语表将来一次性动作
At one pointwe were so high that we foundoursel ves cyclin g throug h clouds.(P22 L8) find onesel f doing发觉某人自己正在做……
It was greatfun especi allyas it gradua lly became much warmer.(P22 L9)
much:程度副词,在此修饰比较级,此类词常见的有:a bit, a little, a lot , a greatdeal, far, by far, even等
…andwesawmanyyaksandsheepeating greengrass.(P22 L10)
see sb/sth doing看到……正在做……
In the earlyevenin g we alwaysstoptomakecamp.Weputupourtent…(P22L12)
in the earlyevenin g 在大清早make camp 扎营
put up张贴;建造;供给...住宿;举起,抬起
put on上演,演出;穿上,戴上put off 推迟;拖延Putu p with 忍受put down 放下;写下putout 扑灭;出版
…butIstayed awake.(P22 L13)
stay awake/calm/ health y
As I lay beneat h the stars…(P22L15)
lie-lied- lied- lying说谎
lie- lay- lain -lying平躺,位于,存在于
lay –laid- laid-laying放置,产卵,下蛋,摆桌子
We will reachDali in Yunnan Provin ce soon, whereour cousin s Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us. We can hardly wait to see them!(P22 L17)
join sb 加入某人
can hardlywaittodo…迫不及待要做……
When you go on a journe y, why not keep a travel journa l?(P24 learni ng tip L1)
go on a journe y 进行一次旅行
keep a travel journa l 记旅行日志
Thereare always so many new peopletomeet…(P24 learni ng tip L2)
to meet 作后置定语
I was aboutto sail away in a junk, when sudden ly I heard…(P24 Readin g for fun L1) be abouttodo…when…刚要做……突然……
必修一 Unit 4 Earthq uakes
一.重点词汇
bury, rise, burst, ruin, injure, destro y, shock, rescue, fright en, judge, congra tulat e, rightaway, at an end, thinklittle of, give out, instea d of, all not
1. rise vi.&n.(rose-risen)上升,提高,起身/立/床
Earlyto bed and earlyto rise makesone health y, wealth y and wise.
★搭配(1)on the rise 在增长(2)give rise to 引起(3)risetoone‘sfeet站起身
提示rise也可作可数名词,意为―上升,上涨;增长;升级(长工资)‖。
e.g. Soon he got a rise.不久他加了工资。
give sb. a rise给某人加工资。
★辨析 rise/raise/arise
rise不及物动词,作上升讲时指继续上升,常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、水蒸汽、物价、温度、河水、潮水及人的职位等;
raise及物动词,举起,提出,饲养,种植,用作―举起‖时,往往有使物体达到应有的高度含义,可用于具体或抽象的事物。
arise由……产生的;起床,起身,起立。
2. bury vt.埋葬;掩藏
Noel turned away,buryin g his face in the pillow.
Your letter got buried undera pile of papers.
He walked slowly,his handsburied in his pocket s.
搭配 bury onesel f in.../be buried in...埋头于;专心于
Afterthe divorc e,she buried hersel f in her work.
He was buried in his studie s.
3. burstvi.爆炸;裂开;突然发生
搭配:burstinto+名词―突然闯入;突然开始‖
burstout+动名词―突然发生;突然爆发‖
burstforth突然出现或发生b urstin突然插嘴;打断
burstinto tears/laught er/song突然哭/笑/唱起来
burstout crying/laughi ng/singin g突然哭/笑/唱起来
e.g. The aircra ft crashe d and burstinto flames.
A cry of horror burstforthfrom the crowd.
―Idon‘tseewhyweshould do that,‖Peterburstin.
★链接brea k out突然发生,爆发brea k into闯入;突然开始
4. ruin v.&n. 毁灭,使破产,遗迹,废墟(名词时常用复数)
e.g.1). The hurric ane ruined all the houses here. 2). He ruined his prospe cts by carele ssnes s.
3). The buildi ng is in ruins.4). The church has fallen into ruin.
★搭配:be/lie in ruins严重受损,破败不堪fall into ruin 变成废墟come to ruin 毁灭,落空ruin onesel f 自我毁灭
bringsb. to ruin 使毁灭
5. injure vt.伤害,使受伤,损害 injure d adj.受伤的,
有害的(=harmfu l) injury n.伤害,损害
★辨析 injure,hurt,wound
(1)injure常指在意外事故中受伤。
(2)hurt没有injure正式,可指身体上的疼痛或精神上的痛苦,也可指感情上的伤害。
hurt的伤害可与injure同样严重,也可指较轻的疼痛。
(3)wound主要指用刀枪等武器打伤、切伤等,多指在战争中或战斗中受伤,有时也用于精神上的伤害,但远不及前两者常见。
6. 辨析 destro y/ damage/ ruin
(1) destro y表示―毁坏‖通常指彻底地毁掉或毁灭,往往暗示无法或很难修复,有时用于抽象意义。
They‘vedestro yed all the eviden ce.
(2) damage表示‗损害,损坏‘,通常指部分性地损坏,暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低,有时用于抽象意义。
Fortun ately, the houseis strong ly built, and is not damage d even by the worstwinter storms.
(3)ruin 表示‗毁坏,毁灭‘,指彻底地毁坏,破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等,现多用作抽象意义。
The stormruined the crops.
7. shockv. (使)震惊;震动n.休克;打击;震惊 shocke d(人)感到震惊的;shocki ng(事)令人
震惊的
8. rescue n.&vt.援救;营救e.g.1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the
river. 2). The rescue team made countl ess rescue s during the earthq uake. 3). Michae l rescue d a boy from drowni ng.
搭配:rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..从……营救出来
come to/ gotosb‘srescue = rescue sb. 援救某人
a rescue team 救援队rescue worker s 救援人员
e.g.The mother, alongwith her two childr en, has been rescue d from the sinkin g boat by a passin g ship. The fireme n rescue d five childr en from the burnin g houseyester day.
辨析 (1)rescue多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速和有效的救援,较save更能表达拯救的紧迫性,一般指救人;它还有从监禁中救出的意思。
(2)save指通过救援不但使受害者(人或物)能脱离危险或祸患,而且使其能保存下来,有时可与rescue通用。
从某种状态中把某人拯救出来多用save。
Save the dying, rescue the wounde d.救死扶伤。
9. fright en v. (使某人)害怕/受惊吓 fright enedadj. 害怕的,受惊的 fright ening adj. 引起恐
惧的,可怕的
10. judgen.&v.法官,鉴赏家,裁判,判断,估计
e.g. 1). His father used to be a judge. 2). She's a good judgeof wine. 3). The blindcan‘tjudgecolors. 4). Don‘tjudgea man by his looks.
搭配judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……asfarasIjudge我认为judgingfrom/by…从……来看,根据……判断
e.g. Judgin gby/fromthelookonAdam‘sface,the news must have been terrib le. Judgin g by/from her last letter,they are having a wonder ful time. As far as I can judge,all of them are to blame. 11. congra tulat e vt.祝贺;庆贺
★搭配 congra tulat e sb.on/upon sth.祝贺某人……congra tulat e sb.on doingsth.祝贺某人做了某事。