一般过去时的用法及结构

一般过去时的用法及结构
1．一般过去时的基本用法
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago 等。

【举例】 I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。

My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。

2．一般过去时的基本结构
⑴肯定句“主语＋动词过去式＋其他”或者“主语＋was／were＋其他”。

【举例】 I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。

My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。

⑵否定句“主语＋didn’t＋动词原形＋其他”或“主语＋wasn’t／weren’t＋其他”。

【举例】 The girl didn’t play computer games yesterday afternoon.
这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。

Old Henry wasn’t happy last Friday. 上星期五老亨利不高兴。

⑶一般疑问句“Did＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？”
肯定回答为“Yes，主语＋did”，
否定回答为“No，主语＋didn’t”或者“Was／Were＋主语＋其他？”
肯定回答为“Yes，主语＋was／were”，
否定回答为“No，主语＋wasn’t／weren’t”。

【举例】— Did you go to the beach? 你们去海滩了吗？
— Yes, we did.／No, we didn’t. 是的，我们去了。

／不，我们没有。

— Was your weekend OK? 你的周末过得还行吧？
— Yes, it was.／No, it wasn’t. 是的，还行。

／不，不行。

⑷特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句（顺序）？
【举例】— What did Li Lei do last weekend? 李雷上周末干什么了？
— He visited his grandparents. 他去看了他的祖父母。

— Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪儿？
— I was at home. 我在家里。

为了便于记忆行为动词（实义动词）的一般过去时用法及结构，我们可用以下歌诀来帮助记忆：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。

谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志。

否定形式很简单，主语之后didn’t添。

谓语动词要还原。

疑问构成有规则，主语前面加did。

过去式的构成
be动词和实义动词过去式的构成：⑴系动词be 的过去式有两种形式：was 和were。

其中was 是am和is的过去式，were 是are的过去式。

⑵规则动词过去式的构成：
①一般在动词末尾加—ed。

【举例】walk→walked play→played
②以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加—d 。

【举例】love→loved decide→decided
③结尾是“辅音字母＋y ”的动词。

先将y 变为i，再加—ed 。

【举例】study→studied carry →carried
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音字母，再加—ed 。

【举例】stop→stopped plan→planned
规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆：
过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加—ed 如果词尾有个e（不发音的），只需直接加上—d 。

“辅音字母＋y ”在词尾，变y为i加—ed 。

“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后加—ed 。

随堂练习：
一．写出下列动词的过去式。

1.am／is ________
2.do _______
3.go ________
4.have _______
5.isn’t _________
6. aren’t ________
7.spend________
8.cook_______
9.read ________ 10.clean _______ 11.live _______ 12.study_________
二．用适当的词完成下列对话。

1.— How was your weekend? — It ______ great.
— What _______ you ______ last weekend ? — I _______ some homework.
2.— What ______ she ______ last weekend? — She _______ to the beach.
3.— What _______ they do last weekend? — They ________ to the movies.
三．用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1. We _________ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.
2.Jack ____________ (study) for the English test last Sunday.
3._______ you ______ (go) to the Great Wall last year?
4. What day _______ (be) it yesterday?
5.The old man _______(be)ill and went to see a doctor.
6.We ________ (have) a party last night.
7.We __________ (visit) the museum and went home.
8.— How _______ (be) the students? — They were very friendly.
9.He often _______ (have) supper at home. Today he ______ (have) supper at school.
10.We had great fun _______ (play) in the water.
11.That made me ______ (feel) very happy.
12.— ______ he _______ (have) lunch at nine? — No, he didn’t.
13.They _________(buy) a guitar yesterday.
四．句型转换。

1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _______ _______ here last month.
2..They played football this morning. (改为一般疑问句并作简略回答) —______ they _______ football this morning? —Yes, they _______.／No, they _________ .
3.They went to Beijing last year. (就划线部分提问)
_________ _________ they ________ last year.
4.Tom watched TV last night. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ Tom _______ TV last night?
5.Mary does homework every day. (用 last night 改写句子)
Mary ________ ____________ _________ ________ .
一般现在时的用法与结构
1、一般现在时的定义及构成
一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。

(1) be(am,is,are)动词：(作谓语动词时) 肯定句:主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其它。

如：①I am a student.(主语+be动词+名词)
②They are hungry.（主语+be动词+形容词）
③He is out.(主语+be动词+副词)
④That pen is mine.(主语+be动词+代词)
⑤I am fifteen.(主语+be动词+数词)
⑥The bike is under the tree.(主语+be动词+介词短语) 运用am,is,are写三个句子
否定句：主语+ be(am,is,are) + not +其它。

如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

运用am,is,are写三个句子
一般疑问句：Be(am,is,are) +主语+其它。

如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 运用am,is,are写三个句子
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：Where is my bike? 运用am,is,are写三个句子
特殊疑问句：
疑问词（what, where, who, when, which, whose, how, how many, how much, what shape, what colour,）,找句子中有没有be动词（is, am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词
（特殊疑问句:疑问词+be动词（is, am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词+其他?）
(2)行为动词：主语+行为动词+（其它）。

（作谓语动词时) 1)主语不是第三人称单数时，
肯定句为：主语+动词原形+其它
否定式为：主语+don't+动词原形+其它
疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+其它？
e.g. ①We speak Chinese.
②Do you speak Chinese? ---Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
③They don't speak Chinese. 写三个句子
2)当主语是第三人称单数时： (he,she,it,A/An,单独的人或事物:Lily/book)
肯定句为:主语+动词（词尾加s或es）+其它。

否定式为：主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它.
疑问句式：Does+主语+动词原形+其它？
①He speaks English.
②He doesn't speaks English.
③- Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 写三个句子
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：How does your father go to work?
3)动词+s的变化规则
(1)一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
(3)以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
(3)情态动词（作谓语动词时)(can,could,be able to,may,might,must,have to,need,shall,should, will,would)时，句子结构为：
肯定句：主语+情态动词+动词原形。

否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形一般疑问句;情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？
Eg: ① He can speak English.
② Can I help you? What can I do for you?
在实际应用中，一般现在时常与以下时间状语联用：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…),
once a week, on Sundays ……
例句：He usually plays football on Sundays.
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
talk______forget______hope______stop______perform______play______say
buy______worry______fly______study_______like_______make______take__ love_______recite_______become_______come_______drive_______
二、句型转换
1. The children have a good time in the park.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
2. There is about nine hundred people at the concert.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
3. Ann does her homework yesterday evening.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
4. I read an English book.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
肯定/否定回答：____________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
5. My brother is in the park just now.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
一般现在时第三人称单数句型转换练习
1. I go to school before 7:00 in the morning.
( he ) __________________________________________________________
2. I always go shopping with my mum on Sunday.
( she ) __________________________________________________________
3.I sometimes play computer games after school on Sunday.
( he ) __________________________________________________________
4. I always take exercise after class on Monday.
( my mother )__________________________________________________________
一般过去时详细讲解与练习题
一、巧记一般过去时：
动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were, have,has变had；
谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。

否定句很简单，主语之后didn’t添；
疑问句也不难，did放在主语前；}不含be动词时
如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；
动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。

}含be动词时
疑问句也不难，要把was，were放在主语前。

二、be的一般过去时：
学习动词be的一般过去时，下面有一口诀，它可以帮你们更好地掌
握动词be的一般过去时。

be的过去时有四巧：
一是时间状语巧，表示过去的短语要记牢；
二是形式巧，单数was，复数were；
三巧是否定句结构，not紧跟was／were；
四是疑问句式巧，was／were向前跑(提前)。

【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧。

一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。

1. yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等；
2. 由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等；
3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等；
4. 其它：just now等
5. 由某些表示过去时态的从句等。

【二巧】形式巧。

它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。

例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning．昨天早上我在教室里。

He was at school last Tuesday．上周二他在学校。

They were over there a moment ago．刚才他们在那边。

【三巧】否定句结构巧。

与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句，并且was, were与not 可以缩写成wasn't, weren't。

即：主语＋ wasn't／ weren't ＋表语＋其他。

例如：
I was not (＝wasn't) here yesterday．昨天我不在这儿。

My parents were not (＝weren't) at home last Sunday．上周日我父母不在家。

【四巧】疑问句式巧。

把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。

即： Was(Were) ＋主语＋表语＋其他？这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。

例如： Were you at home the day before yesterday﹖前天你在家吗？
Was she late this morning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗？
更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语＋was／were．”；
否定回答用“No,主语＋wasn't／weren't．”。

例如：—Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now﹖刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？
—Yes, they were． (No, they weren't．) 是的，她们在。

（不，她们不在。

）
一、单项选择：从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

(10)
( )1． My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday．
A． isn't B． aren't C． wasn't D． weren't
( )2．＿＿＿＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖
A． Is B． Was C． Are D． Were
( )3． The twins＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian last year．
They＿＿＿＿＿＿here now．
A． are; were B． were; are C． was; are D． were; was
( )4．＿＿＿＿＿＿your father at work the day＿＿＿＿＿yesterday(前天）﹖
A． Was; before B． Is; before C． Was; after D． Is; after
( )5．—Who was on duty last Friday﹖
—＿＿＿＿＿＿．
A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was D． No, I wasn't
( )6. I cleaned my classroom ___________.
A with three hours
B three hours ago
C in three hours
D three hours before ( ) 7. I came _______ my house two days ago .
A back on
B back to
C to back
D back ( )
8 . ___________? He did some reading at home.
A What does your father do yesterday evening
B What does your brother do in the school
C What did your brother do over the weekend
D Where did your brother go last Sunday ( ) 9. What did you do ________ ? I went to the movies.
A next morning Bover the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday
( ) 10. The koala sleeps _______，but gets up _________.
A during the day; at the evening
B at day during night
C in the day during the evening
D during the day ; at night
二、请用正确动词形式填空。

(10)
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.
3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.
4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
5.She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.
6. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year.
7.My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and ________(practice) English last night.
8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________.
9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad.
10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________.
三、翻译下列句子(20)
1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。

I _________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend.
2. Jenny喜欢看书。

昨晚她看了一本英语书。

Jenny likes _________ __________. She _________ an English book last night.
3. Emma每天都看电视。

可是昨天他没有看。

Emma__________ TV every day. But he _________ ________ ________ yesterday.
4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。

What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?
They _________ __________ homework and _________ __________.
5. 今天早上方方得做饭，因为他父亲不在家。

This morning Fangfang ____ ____ ____ ____ because his father _____ _____ ____ yesterday.
6. 你还有什么要说的？ What _______ would you like _______ _______?
7. 放学别忘了向老师说声再见。

Don’t forget ______ _______ _______ _______ the teacher.
8. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视？ Why _______ you _______ TV last night?
9. 他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。

When he ______ the classroom, he ______ a watch on the ground.
10. 他什么时候出生的？1980年。

--When _______ he _______? ---_______ 1980.
四、改写句子：(20)
1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）
Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)
___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?
3、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)
_______ there _______ orange in the cup?
4. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）
_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?
5. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句）
_______ ________ ________ out for a walk?
6. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）
Thomas______ _____RMB 10 on this book.
7. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）
________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?
8. I think she is Lily’s sister. （否定句。

注意否定转移）
____________________
9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）
Sally _______ often ______ some reading in the morning.
10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问）
_______ _______ he _______ ________?
五、改错题(20)
1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________
2．He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________
3．He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________
4．I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________
5．Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________
6．Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. ____________________________________
7．I didn’t my homework yesterday. ____________________________________
8．He wait for you three hours ago. ____________________________________
9．Who find it just now ? ________________________________________
10.What make him cry (哭) just now? __________________________________
六、完形填空(10)
Tom did not like doing his homework，because he liked to do some 1 things after school．And his teacher always 2 a lot of mistakes in his homework．
Then one day，his maths teacher 3 at Tom’s homework and saw that he got all his answers right．He was very 4 and surprised（惊奇）．The next morning before class，he called Tom 5 his desk and 6 to him，“You got all your homework right this time．Did your father help you？”Sometimes Tom’s father helped him with his homework，
7 this time he didn’t help Tom because he 8 at home．So Tom answered，“NO，Sir．He Was busy last night，so I 9 to do it 10 ．”
（）1．A．others B．another C．the other D．other
（）2．A．made B．found C．looked at D．looked
（）3．A．laughed B．knocked C．looked D．saw
（）4．A．please B．pleased C．pleasure D．sad
（）5．A．to B．for C．in D．at
（）6．A．talked B．asked C．spoke D．said
（）7．A．and B．but C．so D．or
（）8．A．isn’t B．won’t be C．wasn’t D．can’t be
（）9．A．wanted B．mustn’t C．liked D．had
（）10．A．itself B．of them C．myself D．himself
七．写作(10)。

日记一则，字数50---60。

记叙一天的活动：
1．早晨起床，吃饭，上学；
2．上午的课程，并就其中一堂课进行描述； 3．午休的活动；
4．下午的课程及作业； 5. 晚上的安排。

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：
一、单项选择：1---5 CDBAB 6----10 BBCBD
二、1.had 2. Did; practice; didn't 3.did; do; watched; read 4.went
5.didn't visit; stayed; did
6.did write; wrote
7.studied; practiced
8. Did; do;did 9.was; wasn't 10. Was; wasn't
三、1.spent a busy but 2.reading books; read
3.watches; didn't watch TV
4.did; do last; did their; went shopping
5.had to cook breakfast; wasn't at home
6.else; to say;
7.to say goodbye to
8.did; watch
9.cleaned; found 10.was; born; In
四、1.didn't do 2. Did; find any 3. Was; any
4. Did; read
5. Why don't you go
6.didn't spend
7.where did your; go
8. I don't think she i s Lily's sister
9.doesn't; do. 10. What does; look like
五、1.is------was 2.go-------went 3.goes------went
4.can-------could
5.saw------see
6.wasn't -------didn't
7.在didn't后加do 8.wait--------waited 9.find------found 10.make-------made
六、1----5 DBCBA 6------10 DBCDC
七、写作（略）。