考研英语：历年真题长难句900句翻译及语法详解 (1)

考研英语圣经——历年真题长难句900句翻译及语法详解
There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.
【翻译】在美国大部分州成为一名律师只有一条途径：学生要先获得其他专业的四年本科学历，再在由美国律师协会授权的 200 所法律学校中的一所学校中学习三年获得法律学位，而且准备律师资格考试也需要昂贵的费用。

【句子结构分析】
There is just one path ①for a lawyer in most American states: ②a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.
本句为简单句，句子主干 There is just one path 为 there be 句型。

①for a lawyer 为介词结构作状语，表示对象；其后的 in most American states为介词结构地点状语；
②并列的名词结构 a four-year undergraduate degree...a three-year law degree...and an expensive preparation... 作同位语，解释说明 one path；其中 in some unrelated subject 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 a four-year undergraduate degree；at one of 200 law schools 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 a three-year law degree；authorized by the American Bar Association为过去分词结构作后置定语，修饰 200 law schools；
In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency.
和雇用专业经理专门提高公司运营的效率，有助于减少成本，提高服务质量。

【句子结构分析】
①In fact, allowing non-lawyers ②to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services ③to customers, ④by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers ⑤ to focus on improving firms' efficiency.
本句为简单句，句子主干 allowing...would reduce costs and improve services 为主谓宾结构，包含并列的动宾结构 reduce costs 和 improve services。

①In fact 为介词结构作状语，修饰整个句子；②to own shares 为动词不定式结构作宾语 non-lawyers 的补语；其后的 in law firms 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 shares；③to customers 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 services；
④by... 为介词结构作方式状语；其中 to use technology and to employ professional managers 为 and 连接的并列动词不定式结构作宾语 law firms 的补语；⑤to focus on...为动词不定式结构作目的状语。

The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.
【翻译】当然，诺贝尔获得者本身也是由非常富有的个人，他们可以决定如何分配自己的钱。

【句子结构分析】
The Nobels were, ①of course, ②themselves set up ③by a very rich individual ④who had decided ⑤what he wanted to do with his own money.本句为主从复合句，主句主干 The Nobels were...set up by a very rich individual 为被动语态的主谓结构。

①of course 为插入语；②themselves 为反身代词作同位语，解释说明 The Nobels；③by a very rich individual 为介词结构作状语，引出动作 set up 的实施者；④为 who 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 a very rich individual；
⑤ 为定语从句中嵌套的宾语从句，由 what 引导，作 had decided 的宾语；其中
with his own money 为介词结构作方式状语。

But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research — as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.
【翻译】但诺贝尔基金会限制每个奖项的获奖人数为三人，而且每个人必须仍然在世，这一限制早已不再适应现代研究的协作性质了；当谈到确认希格斯玻色子的发现时，关于谁被忽视的不可避免的争论也将证实现代研究具有协作性这一事实。

【句子结构分析】
①But the Nobel Foundation's limit ②of three recipients per prize, ③ each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown ④by the collaborative nature of modern research — ⑤as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row ⑥over who is ignored ⑦when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 the Nobel Foundation's limit...has long been outgrown 为被动语态的主谓结构。

①But 为衔接词；②为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 the Nobel Foundation's limit；③为 whom 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 three recipients；④介词by 引出动作 outgrow 的实施者；其中 of modern research 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 the collaborative nature；⑤为 as 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句； 其中介词 by 引出动作 demonstrate 的实施者；⑥over... 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 the inevitable row；其中 who is ignored 为 who 引导的宾语从句，作介词 over 的宾语。

Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.
【翻译】有的人想使人震惊，有人想吸引人们对科学的热爱，还有的人想更好地嘉奖以研究为事业的人们。

【句子结构分析】
Some want to shock, ①others to draw people into science, or to better reward those ②who have made their careers in research.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 Some want to shock 为主谓宾结构，to shock 为动词不定式作宾语。

①others...reward those 为独立主格结构作伴随状语；其中 or 连接的并列动词不定式结构 to draw people into science, or to better reward those 作逻辑上的谓语；②为 who 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 those。

As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes — both new and old — are distributed.
【翻译】正如《自然》曾指出的那样，科学奖项，不论新的还是老的，人们在其如何分配上有一些顾虑是合理的。

【句子结构分析】
①As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns
②about ③how science prizes — both new and old — are distributed. 本句为主从复合句，主句主干 there are some legitimate concerns 为 there
be 句型。

① 为 As 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句；②about... 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 some legitimate concerns；③为 how 引导的宾语从句 how science prizes...are distributed，作介词 about 的宾语；其中 both new and old 为插入语，对 science prizes 进行补充说明。

These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.
【翻译】据说，这些赞助人在所学领域已获得成就，他们希望能用自己的财富来
吸引那些在科学上做出成绩的人。

【句子结构分析】
These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, ①they say, and they want to use their wealth ②to draw attention to those ③who have succeeded in science.
本 句为并列复合句，由并列连词 and 连接两个并列分句；第一个并列分句These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields 为主谓宾结构；第二个并列分句 they want to use their wealth 为主谓宾结构，to use their wealth 为动词不定式结构作宾语。

①they say 为插入语；②为动词不定式结构作目的状语，修饰 use；③为 who 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 those。

The US $3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year's award in March.
【翻译】价值三百万的基础物理奖的确是个有意思的尝试，亚历山大·波利亚科夫 3 月份接受今年的奖项时如是说。

【句子结构分析】
The US $3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, ①as Alexander Polyakov said ②when he accepted this
year's award in March.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 The US $3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is...an interesting experiment 为主系表结构。

①为 as 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句；②为 when 引导的时间状语从
句，修饰 said；其中 in March 为介词结构作时间状语，修饰 accepted。

Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the "above average effect", or "illusory superiority", and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93%
in driving and 85% at getting on well with others — all obviously statistical impossibilities.
【翻译】社会心理学家已经积累了大量的数据，研究他们称为“高于平均水平效应”或“虚幻的优越感的现象”，并表明，比如 70%的人认为自己在领导力上高于平均水平，93%的人认为自己在驾驶方面、85%的人认为自己在与人相处上高于平均水平——这在统计学上显然是不可能的。

【句子结构分析】
Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research ①into what they call the "above average effect", or "illusory superiority", and shown ② that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others — ③all obviously statistical impossibilities.
本 句为主从复合句，主句主干 Social psychologists have amassed…research…and shown that… 包含两个并列的动宾结构，第一个为 have amassed…research，第二个为 (have) shown that…，that 引导宾语从句作(have) shown 的宾语。

①为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 oceans of research；what 引导宾语从句作into 的宾语；②为 that 引导的宾语从句，其并列两个省略句 93% in。

An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you're more beautiful than you are.【翻译】《科学美国人》的一篇文章指出，实验法研究显示：实际上，你所认为的自己比你自身更美丽。

【句子结构分析】
An article①in Scientific America has pointed out ②that empirical research says that, actually, you think ③you're more beautiful than you are.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 An article has...pointed out that… 为主谓宾结构，宾语为 that 引导的宾语从句。

① 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 An article；②为 that 引导的宾语从句，作has pointed out 的宾语；that, actually, you think 为 that 引导的宾语从句，作 says 的宾语，该宾语从句有插入语 actually 作状语；③为省略了引导词 that 的宾语从句作 think 的宾语，该从句包含比较状语从句 than you are。

In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly correspond with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem.
【翻译】事实上，那些认为经过美化的形象是真实的自己的人就是那些表现出更强自尊心的人。

【句子结构分析】
① In fact, those ② who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly correspond with those ③who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 those...correspond with those 为主谓宾结构。

① 为介词结构作状语，修饰主句；②为 who 引导的限制性定语从句修饰第一个those；that the images...were real 为 that 引导的宾语从句，作 thought 的宾语；higher up the attractiveness scale 为形容词结构作后置定语，修饰 the images；
③为 who 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰第二个 those；for having higher self-esteem 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 other markers。

Knowing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally — on one level, they don't even recognise the person in the picture as themselves.
【翻译】了解了埃普利的研究结果，就可以理解很多人发自内心的讨厌自己的照片——在某种程度上，他们甚至不承认照片中的人是自己。

【句子结构分析】
①Knowing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense ②that many people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally — ③ on one
level, they don't even recognise the person in the picture as themselves.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 it makes sense that… 为主谓宾结构，it 为形
式主语，真正主语为 that 引导的主语从句，make sense 为固定搭配，意为“讲
得通”。

①为现在分词短语作原因状语；②为 that 引导的主语从句；③为破折号引导的
插入语，补充说明主语从句的内容；on one level 为介词结构作程度状语。

Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.
【翻译】他不是简单地让人们对自己的外貌评分，然后将别人的评分与自己比较，而是要求它们从一堆自己的照片中找出原始的那张照片，其他备选照片都是进行
过处理的，有的变美，有的变丑。

【句子结构分析】
①Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph ②of themselves from a lineup ③including versions ④that had been altered
to appear more and less attractive.
本剧为主从复合句，主句主干he asked them to identify an original photograph 为主谓宾宾补结构，动词不定式结构 to identify an original photograph 作宾语 them 的补语。

意为“而不是……”；rate their beauty 为省略 to 的动词不定式结构作宾语
①Rather than 引导省略 to 的动词不定式结构作状语，修饰主句，rather than people 的补语；compared with others 为过去分词结构作比较状语，修饰 rate；
②为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 an original photograph；③为介词 including 引导的同位语，解释说明 a lineup；④为 that 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰
versions，to appear more and less attractive 为动词不定式结构。

Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhance the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.
【翻译】也没有任何证据表明，那些在昀大程度上美化自我的人（他们认为改得昀好的图片是真实的自己）这样做是为了弥补自身强烈的不安全感。

【句子结构分析】
Nor was there any evidence ①that those who self-enhance the most (② that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so ③to make up for profound insecurities.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 Nor was there any evidence 为倒装的 there be 句型，否定意义的副词 Nor 置于句首引起部分倒装。

① 为 that 引导的同位语从句，该从句主干为 those...were doing so to make up for profound insecurities；who self-enhance the most 为限制性定语从句，修饰 those；②为插入语，that is 引导同位语，解释说明 those who self-enhance the most；who thought the most positively doctored picture were real 为限制性定语从句，修饰 the participants；③为动词不定式结构作目的状语。

If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image — which most did — they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.
【翻译】如果受试者很快选择了讨人喜欢的假照片——大多数人的确这样——他们真正相信这就是自己的样子。

【句子结构分析】
①If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image — ②which most did — they genuinely believed ③it was really how they looked.本句为主从复合句，主句主干 they genuinely believed it was really how…为主谓宾结构，宾语为省略了引导词 that 的宾语从句 it was really how…。

①为 If 引导的条件状语从句；②为非限制性定语从句作插入语，修饰 If 引导的条件状语从句；③为省略了引导词 that 的宾语从句，为主系表结构，该从句嵌套表语从句 how they looked。

And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.
【翻译】然而，著有《拉动力》及其他书的约翰·哈格尔认为布伦乔尔森和迈克菲忽视了为什么这些工作会被新技术取代的根本原因。

【句子结构分析】
①And yet, John Hagel, ②author of The Power of Pull and other books, says ③Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason ④why these jobs are
so vulnerable to technology in the first place.
本 句为主从复合句，主句主干 John Hagel says Bryn jolfsson and McAfee miss the reason 为主谓宾结构，宾语为省略了引导词 that 的宾语从句Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason。

①为衔接词，表转折；②为名词短语作同位语，解释说明 John Hagel；③为省略了引导词 that 的宾语从句；④为 why 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰thereason；in the first place 为介词结构作状语，修饰 why 引导的定语从句主干。

This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.
【翻译】来自麻省理工数字化商务中心的埃里克·布伦乔尔森和安德鲁·迈克菲的新书《与机器赛跑》热卖，使得这一观点受到广泛关注。

【句子结构分析】
This argument has attracted a lot of attention, ①via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, ②by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,
③who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 This argument has attracted a lot of attention 为主谓宾结构。

①为介词短语作方式状语；②为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 the book Race Against the Machine ； ③ 为 who 引 导的非限制性定语从句，修饰ErikBrynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee。

Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be "tightly scripted" and "highly standardized" ones that leave no room for "individual initiative or creativity".
【翻译】哈格尔说，在美国，我们把工作设计成照本宣科，高度规范化、标准化，使得人们没有太多的自主创新空间
【句子结构分析】
Hagel says ①we have designed jobs ②in the
U.S. ③that tend to be "tightly scripted" and "highly standardized" ones ④that leave no room for "individual initiative or creativity".
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 Hagel says we have designed jobs 为主谓宾结构，宾语为省略了引导词 that 的宾语从句 we have designed jobs。

① 为省略了引导词 that 的宾语从句；②为介词短语作地点状语；③为 that 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 jobs；④为 that 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰ones；for "individual initiative or creativity" 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 room。

In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.
【翻译】换句话说，我们应该关注如何让机器增强人的能力而不是代替人力。

【句子结构分析】
①In other words, we need to look at the ways ②in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 we need to look at the ways 为主谓宾结构，动词不定式 to look at the ways 作宾语。

① 为介词短语作状语，修饰主句；②为 in which 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 the ways；rather than replace it 为 rather than 引导省略 to 的动词不定式作状语，修饰从句，rather than 意为“而不是”。

In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination "to respond to unexpected events."
【翻译】在经济形势快速转变的今天，我们更加需要那些在工作中可以利用创造力去“解决不可预知事件”的人才。

【句子结构分析】
①In our rapidly changing economy, we ②more than ever need people ③ in the workplace ④who can take initiative and exercise their imagination " to respond to unexpected events."
本 句为主从复合句，主句主干 we...need people..."to respond to unexpected events" 为主谓宾+宾语结构，动词不定式结构 "to respond to unexpected events" 为宾语 people 的补语。

①为介词短语作地点状语，修饰主句；②为介词短语作比较状语，修饰 need；
③为介词短语作地点状语；
④为 who 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 people。

When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.
【翻译】当技术的价格越来越低、性能越来越高，那些曾被认为不会被自动技术取代的工作突然也面临着威胁。

【句子结构分析】
①When there is exponential improvement ②in the price and performance
of technology, jobs ③that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 jobs...become threatened 为主系表结构。

①为 When 引导的时间状语从句，该从句为 there be 句型；②为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 exponential improvement；③为 that 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 jobs。

Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.
【翻译】由于科技吞噬人类工作岗位的欲望永无休止，这种现象会继续以一种我们无法立刻预见的方式重建经济结构。

【句子结构分析】
①Since technology has such an insatiable appetite ②for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy ③in ways ④we can't immediately foresee.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy 为主谓宾结构。

①为 Since 引导的原因状语从句；②为介词短语作后置定语，修饰an insatiable appetite；③为介词短语作方式状语；④为省略了引导词 that 的限制性定语从句，修饰 ways。

Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.
【翻译】买礼物送人或向慈善机构捐款往往比给自己买东西更愉快，有节制地消费奢侈品昀令人愉悦。

【句子结构分析】
Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable ①than
purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable ② when they are consumed sparingly.
本 句为并列复合句，第一个并列分句主干 Buying gifts or giving to charity is...more pleasurable 为主系表结构，主语为并列的动名词短语 Buying gifts or giving to charity；第二个并列分句主干 luxuries are most enjoyable 为主系表结构。

①为介词结构作比较状语，修饰第一个并列分句；②为 when 引导的时间状语从句，修饰第二个并列分句。

But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
【翻译】但是大多数人读完这本书以后都会觉得她物有所值。

【句子结构分析】
①But most people will come away from this book ②believing ③it was money well spent.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 most people will come away from this book 为主谓宾结构。

①为衔接词；②为现在分词短语作伴随状语；③为省略了引导词 that 的宾语从句，作 believing 的宾语；well spent 为过去分词作后置定语，修饰 money。

Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.
【翻译】然而不论穷富，愉悦感与消费之间的联系随处可见，而稀缺性确实提高了对大多数事物的愉悦感。

【句子结构分析】
Yet the link ①between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen ②among rich and poor people ③around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure ④of most things ⑤for most people.
本句为并列复合句，由 and 连接两个并列分句；第一个并列分句主干 the link can be seen 为被动语态的主谓结构；第二个并列分句主干 scarcity enhances the pleasure 为主谓宾结构。

① 为介词短语作 the link 的后置定语；②为介词短语作地点状语；③为介词短语作地点状语；④为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 the pleasures；⑤为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 the pleasure of most things。

It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).
【翻译】如果能够缩短上下班的时间，花更多的时间陪朋友和家人，少看点电视（一般美国人每年看电视的时间累计多达两个月，却无法因此快乐起来），似乎大多数人会更感幸福。

【句子结构分析】
It seems most people would be better off ①if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (②something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 It seems most people would be better off 为主系表结构，表语为省略了引导词的表语从句 most people would be better off。

① 为 if 引导的条件状语从句，修饰主句；②作同位语，解释说明 watching television；the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it 为省略了引导词的限制性定语从
句，修饰something。

These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counter intuitive.
【翻译】这两位学者用一系列的行为研究表明，回报昀丰厚的花钱方式可能是我们意想不到的。

【句子结构分析】
These two academics use an array of behavioral research ①to show
②that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counter
intuitive.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 These two academics use an array of behavioral research 为主谓宾结构。

①为动词不定式作目的状语，修饰主句；②为 that 引导的宾语从句，作 show 的宾语；to spend money 为动词不定式结构作后置定语，修饰 the mostrewarding ways。

It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dunn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema.
【翻译】邓恩女士和诺顿先生认为将钱花在体验上更好，例如一次有趣的旅行、一次独特的聚餐，甚至看一场电影。

【句子结构分析】
It is far better to spend money on experiences, ①say Ms. Dunn and Mr. Norton, ② like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema.
本句为简单句，句子主干 It is far better to spend money on experiences 为主系表结构，it 为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式结构 to spend money on experiences。

①为插入语；②为介词 like 引出的同位语，解释说明 experiences 的内容。

This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.
【翻译】现在，这成了格罗丽亚·麦肯兹的难题。

昀近，这名佛罗里达州的 84岁寡妇从她的小铁皮屋挣脱出来，一个人独中美国历史上昀大的彩票头奖。

【句子结构分析】
This is now a question ①for Gloria Mackenzie, ②an 84-year-old widow ③ who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house ④in Florida ⑤ to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 This is...a question 为主系表结构。

① 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 a question；②为名词结构作同位语，解释说明 Gloria Mackenzie；③为 who 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 an 84-year-old widow；④为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 her small, tin-roofed house；⑤为动词不定式作目的状语，在该不定式中 in history 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 the biggest undivided lottery jackpot。

The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.
【翻译】社区大臣唐·福斯特已经暗示，财政大臣乔治·奥斯本可能会灵活放宽现在地方政府建房借贷的限额。

【句子结构分析】
The communities minister, ①Don Foster, has hinted ②that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount ③that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.
本句为主从复合句，主句主干 The communities minister...has hinted that…为主谓宾结构，宾语为 that 引导的宾语从句。

① 为名词短语作 The communities minister 的同位语；②为 that 引导的宾语从句作 has hinted 的宾语；Chancellor of the Exchequer 为名词短语作同位语，解释说明 George Osborne；on the amount 作后置定语，修饰 the current cap，意为“金额上限”； ③为 that 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 the amount。

It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.
【翻译】政府需要把历史偏见放到一边，并且采取一些措施来解决我们迫切的住房需求。

【句子结构分析】
It needs to put historical prejudices ①to one side and take some steps ②to address our urgent housing need.
本句为简单句，句子主干为 It needs to put…and take…，该句含两个并列的动词不定式结构作宾语，第一个动词不定式为 to put…，第二个动词不定式为(to) take... 省略了 to。

①为介词式结构作状语，补充说明 put 的方位；②为动词不定式结构作目的状语。

It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.【翻译】很难把注意力从数十亿英镑的基础设施项目中移开，因此，注意力集中在房地产以外的地方是不可避免的。

【句子结构分析】
It is hard to shove for attention ① among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable ②that the attention is focused elsewhere.
本 句为并列复合句，由并列连词 so 连接两个并列分句；第一个并列分句主干It is hard to shove for attention 为主系表结构，It 为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式结构 to shove for attention；第二个并列分句主干 it is inevitable that... 为主系表结构，it 为形式主语，真正主语为 that 引导的主语从句。

①为介词短语作地点状语，修饰动词不定式 to shove for attention；②为 that引导的主语从句作第二个并列分句的真正主语。