现代语言学名词解释

现代语言学名词解释
现代语言学名词解释
一绪论
1 Linguistics 语言学:Linguistics is generally defined as the scientic study of language
2 Phonetics语音学 : The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics. For example, vowels and consonants
3 Phonology语音体系: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. For example, phone, phoneme, and allophone.
4 Morphology形态学:The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. For example, boy and “ish”---boyish, teach---teacher.
5 Syntax句法 : The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentence s is called syntax. For example, ”John like linguistics.”
6 Semantics词义学: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example: The seal could not be found. The zoo keeper became worried.” The seal could not be found, The king became worried.”Here the word seal means different things.
7 Pragmatics语用学: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. For example, “I do” The word do means different context.
8 Sociolinguistics社会语言学: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. For example, regional dialects, social variation in language.
9 Psycholinguistics语言心理学: The study of language with
reference to workings of mind is called psycholinguistics.
二音系学
1 Phonetics语音通信学: The study of sounds that are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics.
2 Phonology语音体系: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.
3 Phone发声: Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segment. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do, some don’t.
4 Phoneme音素: Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit that is of distinctive value.
《现代语言学名词解释》。