Corrosives
包装英语词汇
小心Care 勿掷Don’t Cast易碎Fragile 小心轻放,小心装运Handle With Care起吊点(此处起吊) Heave Here 易燃物，避火Inflammable保持干燥，防泾Keep Dry 防潮keep A way from Moisture储存阴冷处Keep in a Cool Place 储存干燥处Keep in a Dry Place请勿倒置Keep Upright 请勿倾倒Not to Be Tipped避冷To be Protected from Cold 避热To be Protected from Heat在滚子上移动Use Rollers 此方向上This Side Up由此开启Open from This Side 爆炸品Explosive易燃品Inflammable 遇水燃烧品Dangerous When Wet有毒品Poison 无毒品No Poison不可触摩Hand off 适合海运包装Seaworthy Packing毛重Gross Weight (Gr.Wt.) 净重Net Weight (Nt.Wt)皮重Tare Weight 包装唛头Packing Mark包装容积Packing Capacity 包袋件数Packing Number小心玻璃Glass 易碎物品Fragile易腐货物Perishable 液体货物Liquid切勿受潮Keep Dry／Caution Against Wet 怕冷To Be Protected from Cold怕热To Be Protected from Heat 怕火Inflammable上部，向上Top 此端向上This Side Up勿用手钩Use No Hooks 切勿投掷No Dumping切勿倒置Keep Upright 切勿倾倒No Turning Over切勿坠落Do Not Drop／No Dropping 切勿平放Not to Be Laid Flat切勿压挤Do Not Crush 勿放顶上Do Not Stake on Top放于凉处Keep Cool／Stow Cool 干处保管Keep in Dry Place勿放湿处Do Not Stow in Damp Place 甲板装运Keep on Deck装于舱内Keep in Hold 勿近锅炉Stow A way from Boiler必须平放Keep Flat/Stow Level 怕光Keep in Dark Place怕压Not to Be Stow Below Other Cargo 由此吊起Lift Here挂绳位置Sling Here 重心Centre of Balance着力点Point of Strength 用滚子搬运Use Rollers此处打开Opon Here 暗室开启Open in Dark Room先开顶部Romove Top First 怕火，易燃物Inflammable氧化物Oxidizing Material 腐蚀品Corrosive压缩气体Compressed Gas 易燃压缩气体Inflammable Compressed Gas毒品Poison 爆炸物Explosive危险品Hazardous Article 放射性物质Material Radioactive立菱形Upright Diamond 菱形Diamond Phombus双菱形Double Diamond 内十字菱形Gross in Diamond四等分菱形Divided Diamond 突角菱形Diamond with Projecting Ends斜井形Projecting Diamond 内直线菱形Line in Diamond内三线突角菱形Three Line in Projecting Diamond 三菱形ThreeDiamond附耳菱形Diamond with Looped Ends 正方形Square Box长方形Rectangle 梯形Echelon Formation平行四边形Parallelogram 井筒形Intersecting Parallels五边形Pentagon 六边形Hexagon长六边形Long Hexagon 圆形Circle/Round二等分圆Bisected Circle 双环形Crossed Circle双圆形Double Circle 双带圆形Zoned Circle长圆形Long Circle 椭圆形Oval~双缺圆形Double Indented Circle 圆内三角形Triangle in Circle 三角形Triangle 六角星形Hexangular Star二重三角形Double Triangle 对顶三角形Hourgrass Touching Triangle内外三角形Three Triangle 十字形Cross圆内十字形Cross in Circle 山角形Angle义架形Crotch 直线Line月牙形Crescent 心形Heart星形Star 包装情况Packing Condition散装In Bulk 块装In Block条装In Spear 片装In Slice捆(扎)装In Bundle 裸装In Nude裸散装Bare in Loose 木托架立装Straightly Stand on Wooden Shelf传统包装Traditional Packing 中性包装Neutral Packing水密Water Tight 气密Air Tight不透水包Water Proof Packing 不透气包Air Proof Packing薄膜Film Membrane 透明纸Transparent Paper牛皮纸Kraft Paper 地沥青牛皮纸Bituminous Kraft Paper腊纸Waxpaper 厚板纸Cardboard Paper蒲、苇Bulrush mat 防水纸Water Proof Paper保丽龙（泡沫塑料）Poly Foam(SnowBox) 竹条Bamboo Batten 竹篾Bamboo Skin 狭木条Batten铜丝Brass Wire 铁丝Iron Wire铁条Iron Rod 扣箍Buckle外捆麻绳Bound with Rope Externally外裹蒲包,加捆铁皮Bale？Matted Iron-band-strapped Outside块装外加塑料袋Block Covered with Poly Bag每件外套一塑料袋Each Piece Wrapped in a Poly Bag机器榨包不带包皮Press Packed Bale without Wrapper机器榨包以铁皮捆扎Press Packed in Iron Hooped Bale用牢固的纸箱装运Packed in Strong Carton适合于长途海洋运输Suitable for Long Distance Ocean Transportation适合出口海运包装Packed in Seaworthy Carton for Export全幅卷筒Full with Rolled on Tube每卷用素包聚乙烯袋装Each Roll in Plain Poly Bag混色混码With Assorted Colours Sizes每隔--码烫有边印With Selvedge Stamped Internally at Every--Y ards用…隔开Portioned with纸屑Paper Scrap纸条Paper Slip纸带Paper Tape纸层Paper Wool泡沫塑料Foamed Plastics泡沫橡胶Foamed Rubber帆布袋内充水Canvas Bag Filled with Water包内衬薄纸Lined with Thin Paper内衬锡箔袋Lined with Frescobag内置充气氧塑料袋Inner Poly Bag Filled with Oxygen内衬牛皮纸Lined with Kraft Paper内衬防潮纸、牛皮纸Lined with Moist Proof Paper &Kraft Paper 铝箔包装In Aluminium Foil Packing木箱内衬铝箔纸Lined with Aluminium Foil in the Wooden Case 双层布袋外层上浆Double Cloth Bag with Outer Bag Starched外置木箱Covered with Wooded Case~外绕铁皮Bound with Iron Bands Externally胶木盖Bakelite Cover外绕铁丝二道Bound with Two Bands 0f Metal Wires Outside 标签上标有：Labels Were Marked with纸箱上标有Cartons Were Marked with包装合格Proper Packing包装完整Packing Intact包装完好Packing Sound正规出口包装Regular Packing for Export表面状况良好Apparently in Good Order& Condition包装不妥Improper Packing包装不固Insufficiently Packed包装不良Negligent Packing包装残旧玷污Packing Stained &Old箱遭水渍Cartons Wet &Stained外包装受水湿With Outer Packing Wet包装形状改变Shape of Packing Distorted散包Bales Off铁皮失落Iron Straps Off钉上Nailed on尺寸不符Off Size袋子撕破Bags Torn箱板破Case Plank Broken单层牛皮纸袋内衬塑编布包装，25公斤／包Packed in Single Kraft Paper Bag Laminated with PE Wovenbag 25Kgs Net Eash三层牛皮纸袋内加一层塑料袋装，25公斤／包Packed in 3-ply Kraft Paper Bags with PE Liner,25Kgs/bag牛皮纸袋内压聚乙烯膜包装，25公斤／包Packed in Kraft Paper Iaminated with Polyethylene Film of 25Kgs Net Each装入印刷塑料袋Packed in Printed Poly Bag玻璃纸包装Wrapped in Cellophane两端加纸条With a Paper Band at Both Ends纸箱Carton瓦椤纸箱Corrugated Carton旧瓦椤纸箱Old Corrugated Carton (O．C．C．)木箱Wooden Case板条箱Crate木条箱Wooden Crate竹条箱Bamboo Crate胶合板箱Plywood Case三层夹板箱3--Ply Plywood Case镀锡铁皮胎木箱Tin Lined Wooden Case 盒Box木盒Wooden Box铁盒Iron Box塑料透明盒Plastic Transparency Box苯乙烯盒Styrol Box袋Bag(Sack)布袋Cloth Bag草袋Straw Bag麻袋Gunny Bag／Jute Bag旧麻袋Used Gunny Bag／Old Gunny Bag 新麻袋New Gunny Bag尼龙袋Nylon Bag聚丙烯袋Polypropylene Bag聚乙烯袋Polythene Bag塑料袋Poly Bag塑料编织袋Polywoven Bag纤维袋Fibre Bag玻璃纤维袋Glass Fibre Bag玻璃纸袋Callophane Bag防潮纸袋Moisture Proof Pager Bag乳胶袋子Emulsion Bag三层牛皮纸袋3？Ply Kraft Paper Bag锡箔袋Fresco Bag特大袋Jumbo Bag单层完整袋子Single Sound Bag桶Drum木桶Wooden Cask大木桶Hogshead小木桶Keg粗腰桶(琵琶桶) Barrel胶木桶Bakelite Drum塑料桶Plastic Drum铁桶Iron Drum镀锌铁桶Galvanized Iron Drum镀锌闭口钢桶Galvanized Mouth Closed Steel Drum 镀锌开口钢桶Galvanized Mouth Opened Steel Drum 铝桶Aluminum Drum麻布包Gunny Bale (Hessian Cloth Bag)蒲包Mat Bale草包Straw Bale紧压包Press Packed Bale铝箔包Aluminium Foil Package铁机包Hard-pressed Bale木机包Half-pressed Bale覃（缸）Jar陶缸Earthen Jar瓷缸Porcelain Jar壶Pot铅壶Lead Pot铜壶Copper Pot施Bottle铝瓶Aluminum Bottle陶瓶Earthen Bottle瓷瓶Porcelain bottle罐Can听Tin绕线筒Bobbin笼（篓、篮、筐）Basket竹笼（篓、篮、筐）Bamboo Basket 柳条筐（笼、篮、筐）Wicker Basket 集装箱Container集装包/集装袋Flexible Container托盘Pallet件(支、把、个)Piece架(台、套)Set(Kit)安瓿Amp(o)ule(药针支)双Pair打Dozen令Ream匹Bolt(Piece)码Yard卷（Roll(reel)块Block捆Bundle瓣Braid度Degree辆Unit(Cart)套（罩）Casing包装形状Shapes of Packing圆形Round方形Square三角形Triangular(Delta Type)长方形(矩形) Rectangular菱形(斜方形) Rhombus(Diamond) 椭圆形Oval圆锥形Conical圆柱形Cylindrical蛋形Egg-Shaped葫芦形Pear-Shaped五边形Pentagon六边形Hexagon七边形Heptagon八边形Octagon长Long宽Wide高High深Deep厚Thick长度Length宽度Width高度Height深度Depth厚度Thickness包装外表标志Marks On Packing 下端，底部Bottom顶部(上部) Top(Upper)小心Care勿掷Don’t Cast易碎Fragile 小心轻放,小心装运Handle With Care起吊点(此处起吊) Heave Here易燃物，避火Inflammable保持干燥，防泾Keep Dry防潮keep Away from Moisture储存阴冷处Keep in a Cool Place储存干燥处Keep in a Dry Place请勿倒置Keep Upright请勿倾倒Not to Be Tipped包装类中英文汇编词汇防水布,粗帆布canvas cloth,canvas sheet,tarpaulin(货物/行李)一件case(-s),package包装件packing case物件号码number of a packing物件顺序号码ordinal number of a package件数number of cases物件总数total number of cases细绳cord包装用的细绳packing cord粗麻布cloth,canvas包装用的粗麻布packing cloth,packing canvas重心centre of gravity用垂直红线标明重心mark the centre of gravity with a red vertical line 绳子,绳索cord箱子case,box用过的箱子second-hand case包装箱packing case箱子的数量number of cases,number of boxes箱子的大小size of a case 箱子的一面side of a case箱子的正面face plane side of a cas信封,信套envelope防水信封waterproof envelope薄膜,胶片film聚乙烯薄膜polyethylene film工程项目的识别标志indentification mark of object商标,牌子,牌号,标志mark,sign,brand识别标志distinction mark热带货物标志tropical loadline(产品)出厂牌子,出厂商标trade-mark,trademark涂刷标志mark刷红色垂直线作标志mark with a red vertical line运输标志,涂刷运输标志marking附加标志additional marking 专用(警告)标志,特殊标志special marking 清晰的标志(唛头)clear marking发货人标志consignor's marking收货人标志consignee's marking刷唛规定instructions concerning marking涂刷相应的标志with appropriate marking涂刷唛头mark,grade在货运单上指出标志specify marking in a waybill在说明书上指出标志point out marking in a specification运输标志marking(此端)向上up 毛重,总重gross weight净重,实重net weight分数fraction分数形式in the form of a fraction分母denominator分子numerator保持干燥,切勿受潮keep dry请勿倒置do not turn over请勿翻转do not turn over此断底部bottom小心轻放handle with care玻璃glass编号,号码numeration买方编号numeration of the buyer,numeration of the purchaser卖方编号numberation of the seller纸paper包装纸packing paper颜料,油漆,涂料paint防水油漆water-repellent paint不褪色的涂料,耐洗涂料indelible paint图案板patter,template,templet,stencil按图安板by pattern,by stencil包装,包装材料packing,package防水包装(材料)water proof packing硬纸盒包装card board package海运包装seaworthy packing 合适的包装suitable packing破损的包装damaged packing未损坏的包装sound packing,undamaged packing普通包装customarypacking适应热带气候的包装tropical packing散装without packing,unpacked 包装重量,皮重tare包装种类kind of packing纸包装paper packing外部包装packing exterior内部包装packing interior塑料包装plastic packing包装损坏damage to packing有关包装的规定instructions concerning packing包装费用packing charges包装性能properties of packing内在包装性能latent properties of packing遵守包装要求observance of instructions concerning packing包装情况condition of packing包装有缺陷defective condition of packing包装费cost of packing出口商品(货物)的包装packing for export goods包装性质nature of packing不含包装费的价格packing not included包括包装费的价格packing inclusive附加包装费extra packing保障商品包装provide the packing of goods 装运有包装的(散货)货物ship goods in packing (without packing)装箱单,打包单,包装单packing list,packing sheet,packing note,packing ship袋sack已磨损的口袋worn-out sack明细单specification(-s)扎捆明细单bale specifications装箱明细单case specifications标签,标牌tag(US),label,tally纸标签paper tag金属标牌metal tag特殊标签,专用标签special tag标签上的运输标志marking on a tag往行李上贴标签put labels on one's luggage包装材料,包皮tare多次使用的包皮reusable tare皮重tare实际皮重actual tare预计皮重estimated tare,computered tare 平均皮重average tare发货单皮重invoice tare海关规定皮重customs tare法定皮重legal tare确定皮重tare包皮缺陷defects in tare皮重总量tare规定皮重量customary tare包皮价值,外包装费cost of tare不能继续使用的包皮throwaway tare绳子,绳索.twine,string,pack thread 包装用的绳子,运单packing string运单waybill货运单cargo waybill货运单号码number of a cargo waybill此文为很有针对性的外贸词汇,希望能对各位同行在外贸实务中有所帮助.防水布,粗帆布 canvas cloth,canvas sheet,tarpaulin(货物/行李)一件case(-s),package包装件packing case物件号码number of a packing物件顺序号码ordinal number of a package件数number of cases物件总数total number of cases细绳cord包装用的细绳packing cord粗麻布cloth,canvas包装用的粗麻布packing cloth,packing canvas重心centre of gravity用垂直红线标明重心mark the centre of gravity with a red vertical line 绳子,绳索cord箱子case,box用过的箱子second-hand case包装箱packing case箱子的数量number of cases,number of boxes箱子的大小size of a case箱子的一面side of a case箱子的正面face plane side of a case信封,信套envelope防水信封waterproof envelope薄膜,胶片film聚乙烯薄膜polyethylene film工程项目的识别标志indentification mark of object商标,牌子,牌号,标志mark,sign,brand识别标志distinction mark热带货物标志tropical loadline(产品)出厂牌子,出厂商标trade-mark,trademark涂刷标志mark刷红色垂直线作标志mark with a red vertical line运输标志,涂刷运输标志marking附加标志additional marking专用(警告)标志,特殊标志special marking清晰的标志(唛头)clear marking发货人标志consignor's marking收货人标志consignee's marking刷唛规定instructions concerning marking涂刷相应的标志with appropriate marking涂刷唛头mark,grade在货运单上指出标志specify marking in a waybill在说明书上指出标志point out marking in a specification 运输标志marking(此端)向上up毛重,总重gross weight净重,实重net weight分数fraction分数形式in the form of a fraction分母denominator分子numerator保持干燥,切勿受潮keep dry请勿倒置do not turn over请勿翻转do not turn over此断底部bottom小心轻放handle with care玻璃glass编号,号码numeration买方编号numeration of the buyer,numeration of the purchaser 卖方编号numberation of the seller纸paper包装纸packing paper颜料,油漆,涂料paint防水油漆water-repellent paint不褪色的涂料,耐洗涂料indelible paint图案板patter,template,templet,stencil按图安板by pattern,by stencil包装类中英文词汇简编(2)包装,包装材料packing,package防水包装(材料)water proof packing硬纸盒包装card board package海运包装seaworthy packing合适的包装suitable packing未损坏的包装sound packing,undamaged packing 普通包装customary packing破损的包装damaged packing适应热带气候的包装tropical packing散装without packing,unpacked包装重量,皮重tare包装种类kind of packing纸包装paper packing外部包装packing exterior内部包装packing interior塑料包装plastic packing包装损坏damage to packing有关包装的规定instructions concerning packing 包装费用packing charges包装性能properties of packing内在包装性能latent properties of packing遵守包装要求observance of instructions concerning packing包装情况condition of packing包装有缺陷defective condition of packing包装费cost of packing出口商品(货物)的包装packing for export goods包装性质nature of packing不含包装费的价格packing not included包括包装费的价格packing inclusive附加包装费extra packing保障商品包装provide the packing of goods装运有包装的(散货)货物ship goods in packing (without packing)装箱单,打包单,包装单packing list,packing sheet,packing note,packing s hip袋sack已磨损的口袋worn-out sack明细单specification(-s)扎捆明细单bale specifications装箱明细单case specifications标签,标牌tag(US),label,tally纸标签paper tag金属标牌metal tag特殊标签,专用标签special tag标签上的运输标志marking on a tag往行李上贴标签put labels on one's luggage 包装材料,包皮tare多次使用的包皮reusable tare皮重tare实际皮重actual tare预计皮重estimated tare,computered tare平均皮重average tare发货单皮重invoice tare海关规定皮重customs tare法定皮重legal tare确定皮重tare包皮缺陷defects in tare皮重总量tare规定皮重量customary tare包皮价值,外包装费cost of tare不能继续使用的包皮throwaway tare绳子,绳索.twine,string,pack thread包装用的绳子,运单packing string运单waybill货运单cargo waybill货运单号码number of a cargo waybill。
AirGas 压缩气体安全：理解气体类型与危险说明书
COMPRESSED GAS SAFETY: Understanding Gas Types & HazardsPART 1 OF THEAIRGAS EBOOK SERIESTable of Contents1 What you need to know before getting started2 Defining compressed gas3 Understanding hazard classifications and gas types4 Inert5 Flammable6 Oxidizer7 Pyrophoric8 Cryogenic9 Corrosive10 Asphyxiant11 Toxic or Poison12 Conclusion: Understanding gas types and hazards Please note:The information in this guide is general information and should not be used as specific informationfor a particular gas, or in lieu of an SDS for any specific gas product. Emergency response activities must only be undertaken by certified hazmat technicians, in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR §1910.120(q). Further, this information is not a substitutefor training nor is it to be used as a replacement reference for Federal and State laws and regulations. It simply presents brief highlights of someof the more common compressed gas categories, and associated compressed gas handling, storing and transporting procedures that are industry standards.!What you need to know before getting started While some gases have more dangerous properties than others, all compressed gases are considered hazardous materials. As such, they require specific training on federal and state regulations covering the safe storage, use and transportation before you can even touch a cylinder. Therefore, anyone handling compressed gas should be familiar with the potential hazards before using the gas by:•Educating personnel who handle compressed gases through discussion with a supervisor orknowledgeable coworker before beginning a new task. Use available resources and understand your local and State regulations•Outlining the actions necessary to complete any given job•Addressing potential emergencies and corresponding measures necessary to safely avoidsuch emergencies•Considering scenarios that could result in gas leaks or other emergencies in order to be fully prepared to react appropriatelyDefining compressed gasBefore understanding the properties and hazards of various gas types, it’s important to understand what a compressed gas is.Compressed gas is defined as any non-flammable material or mixture contained under pressure exceeding41 psia (3 bar) at 70°F (21°C), or any flammable or poisonous material that is a gas at 70°F (21°C), stored at a pressure of 14.7 psia (1 bar) or greater. Most compressed gases will not exceed 2,000-2,640 psig (138-182 bar), though some go up to 6,000 psig (414 bar).Liquefied compressed gas is any chemical or material that, under the charged pressure, is partially liquid at a temperature of 70°F (21°C).Non-liquefied compressed gas is any chemical or material (other than gas in solution) that, under the charged pressure, is entirely gaseous at a temperature of 70°F (21°C).Compressed gas in solution is a non-liquefied compressed gas that is dissolved in a solvent.Understanding hazard classifications and gas typesMany gases have flammable, toxic, corrosive, oxidizing, pyrophoric and other hazardous properties that can cause property damage, severe injuries or even death if proper safety precautions are not followed. In addition to the gas chemical hazards, the amount of energy resulting from the compression of the gas makes a compressed gas cylinder a potential rocket.The Global Harmonized System (GHS) has created classification criteria that determine the nature and relative hazard severity of a chemical substance or mixture. These GHS classification categories (listed here) enable workers to easily identify the type of gas they’re working with and its associated hazards.This way, anyone handling a compressed gas can quickly determine whether it’s toxic, explosive or a combination of properties, to ensure the safety of themselves and others in the workplace.GHS01 | ExplosivesGHS04 | Compressed GasesGHS07 | IrritantGHS03 | OxidizersGHS06 | Acute ToxicityGHS09 | EnvironmentGHS02 | FlammablesGHS05 | CorrosivesGHS08 | Health HazardInertInert gases do not react with other materials at ordinary temperatures and pressure. They are also colorless, odorless, non-toxic and non-flammable.While it might sound like inert gases are harmless, they can become life-threatening in a confined space and in large quantities. That’s because they displace the oxygen in the air required to sustain life, leading to asphyxiation over long periods. And due to their colorless, odorless nature, they can be difficult to detect until you begin experiencing the effects of oxygen deprivation.To minimize the danger of asphyxiation and ensure the safety of everyone, always use adequate ventilation and monitor the oxygen levels in confined places.Examples of inert gases include argon, helium, krypton and neon .HeHeGas DetectorPyrophoricPyrophoric gases are commonly used in the semiconductor industry and they are extremely dangerous to handle as they do not require a source of ignition to explode or erupt in flames.Pyrophoric gases are highly volatile and will ignite spontaneously in air at or below 130°F (54°C), though specific gases may not ignitein all circumstances or may explosively decompose. Under certain conditions, some pyrophoric gases can undergo polymerization, releasing large amounts of energy in the form of heat.Examples of pyrophoric gases include arsine, diborane, phosphineand silane.CryogenicCryogenic gases have a boiling point of -130°F (-90°C) at atmosphericpressure. While they can be non-flammable, flammable or oxidizing,they’re extremely cold and can easily cause intense burns if mishandled.At sub-freezing temperatures, system components can become brittleand crack, leading to damage and dangerous conditions.Cryogenic liquids can also build immense pressure, so it’s critical tonever block a filled line. Otherwise, the tremendous pressure could burstthe tube. It’s also why your system should be designed with safety reliefvalves and a vent line, depending on the gas.ArWhen handling cryogenic materials, always wear gauntlet gloves anda cryogenic apron to protect the body and exposed skin. To preventliquids from getting trapped inside your shoes, wear long pants thatcover your footwear. You should also wear safety glasses and a faceshield as cryogenic liquids tend to bounce when they are spilled.Examples of cryogenic gases include argon, helium, hydrogen, nitrogenand oxygen.CorrosiveCorrosive gases are those that corrode material or organic tissue on contact or in the presence of water. They are highly reactive and can also be toxic, flammable and/or an oxidizing agent. Most are hazardous in low concentrations over extended periods of time, so it’s essential that the equipment used for handling corrosive gases be constructed of proper materials. Where there is a possibility of water or other inorganic materials getting sucked back into the cylinder, use check valves and traps in your system.Due to the probability of irritation and damage to the lungs, mucous membranes and eye tissues from contact, you should rigidly observe the gas threshold limit values. Minimize exposure to corrosive materials by utilizing the proper protective clothing and equipment. Ensure that a full-body shower and eyewash station are available in caseof emergencies.Examples of corrosive gases include ammonia, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.NH3AsphyxiantAsphyxiants are gases that are either minimally or entirely non-toxic butcan dilute the oxygen in the surrounding air when released. This can leadto death by asphyxiation if inhaled for a long enough period of time.In large enough concentrations, toxic gases can also cause asphyxiationand lead to death by other mechanisms. This can include interactionswith the respiratory system where oxygen is outcompeted (such ascarbon monoxide poisoning) or direct damage caused by the gas (suchas phosgene).COBecause asphyxiant gases are relatively inert, their presence mightnot be recognized — even in large amounts — until you experience theeffects of low oxygen levels.Examples of asphyxiant gases include argon, carbon dioxide, carbonmonoxide, helium, methane, nitrogen and propane.Conclusion: Understanding gas types and hazardsUnderstanding the types of compressed gases and their individual safety requirements is vital to ensuring workplace safety and protecting yourself and other employees. Knowing how to safely store, handle and transport these gases can mean the difference between a successful project or ending up in the emergency room.That’s why it’s critical to complete training on any applicable Federal and State regulations along withreading and understanding the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) when using hazardous materials like compressed gases. More resources for your team are listed below.•Information on specific compressed gases is contained in SDS publications, which provide safety, technical and regulatory information on gas products. These are available from your point of product purchase or can be downloaded from /sds-search . •The Compressed Gas Association (CGA) offers publications on handling compressed gases such as pamphlet P-1, “Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers,” and they also sell videos on compressed gas subject matter. •Additional information on compressed gases can be found at .At Airgas, we want you and your team to be safe — please don’t hesitate to contact your Airgas representative for more information on general compressed gas safety or specific products.To learn more about compressed gas safety, please continue reading all three parts of our ebook series!PART 1:Compressed Gas Basics PART 2:Storage & Handling PART 3:UsageCONTACT US855.625.5285|***************|MCM-028.1 | © 2022 Airgas, Inc.The information in this guide is general information and should not be used as specific information for a particular gas, or in lieu of an SDS for any specific gas product. Emergency response activities must only be undertaken by certified hazmat technicians, in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR §1910.120(q). Further, this information is not a substitute for training nor is it to be used as a replacement reference for Federal and State laws and regulations. It simply presents brief highlights of some of the more common compressed gas categories, and associated compressed gas handling, storing and transporting procedures that are industry standards. In the event of an emergency, please dial 911.。
英语学习小知识
英语学习小知识1．由动词转化过来的介词或连词：given that;provided that, providing thatassuming thatconsidering thatconcerning that2．几个助动词用于条件句中的倒装用法：should…were…be it…had…3．否定倒装：Never does he like to be with her.4．反问句的用法：“难道…”5．年龄表达6．用whatever, whoever等表示强调7．关于as many + n. + as…的用法；以及as + adj. + as + adj. 的用法。
He has as many English dictionaries as I do.Call me as earlier as possible after you meet him.8．There be 的妙用9．“be + to + V.”的用法10．Maximum, minimum, no later than, no earlier than…的用法11．Wind one’s way, shoulder one’s way, work one’s way等的用法12．主语从句的用法13．表语从句的用法14．To one’s joy, to one’s delight, surprise, dismay….15．插入语：to be exact, to be honest, to be frank16．Of 表示性质17．“…性”的表达：constructive, destructive, instructive, erosive18．“…品”的表达：disposables, explosives, inflammables, corrosives19．“no respecter of …”的用法：God is no respecter of man. Death is no respecter of persons.20．。
中英文对照说明书
前言Preface感谢您使用徐州燃烧控制研究院有限公司生产的就地点火控制柜装置。
本公司的就地点火控制柜装置是徐州燃烧控制研究院有限公司自主开发生产的高品质就地控制装置，在使用系列本程控装置之前请您仔细阅读该手册以保证正确使用并充分发挥其优越性。
本说明书对就地控制柜（以下简称控制柜）的操作和安装方法等做了详细的介绍。
使用控制柜以前，在阅读本说明书的基础上，进行安全正确使用。
Thank you for choosing the Local Ignition Control Cabinet designed by our company.The local ignition control device is explored by our company for the ignition control of boiler.This manual describes installation and operation of the cabinet clearly, please read this manual before using.内容介绍Brief introduction本手册介绍了点火控制柜的组成、安装、配线、功能参数、日常使用维护及对故障的处理The manual includes the cabinet’s components, installation, wiring, data, maintenance, and troubleshooting.读者对象Applicable readers本书适合下列人员阅读This manual is applicable for设备安装人员、维护人员、设计人员Installer, maintenance man, and designer本书约定Stipulation符号约定Symbol stipulations说明提醒操作者需重点关注的地方Points operator should pay attention to由于没有按要求操作可能造成死亡或重伤的场合危险!This symbol indicates death or GBH that may occur as a resultof improper operation由于没有按要求操作可能造成中等程度伤害或轻伤或造成物质损害的场合注意!This symbol indicates secondary injury, flesh wound or objectdamage that may occur as a result of improper operation一、序言Prologue1.1 开箱检查Checking在开箱时请认真确认在运输中是否有破损现象控制柜内元器件与附图中的型号数量是否相符如发现有某种遗漏请速与供货商或我司联系解决！Check if there is any damage.Ensure the model and quantity in chart are accordance withcomponents in cabinet.If there is any mistake, please contact with supplier or ourcompany.1.2 安全注意事项Security不要安装在含有爆炸气体的环境里否则有引发爆炸的危险！必须由具有专业资格的人员进行配线作业否则有触电的危险！确认电源处于完全断开的情况下才能进行配线作业否则有触电危险！必须将控制柜的接地端子可靠接地否则有触电的危险！通电情况下不要用手触摸控制端子否则有触电的危险！Do not install in explosive environment, or it may causeexplosion.Do invite professionals for accompany when wiring, or it maycause electric shockDo shut off power before wiring.Do earth the cabinet ground terminal.Do not touch the control terminal when power is on.1.3 安装条件Installation Requirement1.4 日常维护Maintenance定期检查柜内各种元器件，确认任一单元都没有松动的螺钉，所有电源和电线的连接都安全可靠；并保持外观完好。
TOEIC辞汇总结1000+片语
TOEIC辭彙總結 PART I (13類)一, 與市場,運營情況有關的形容詞小結形容市場活躍, 繁榮1 dynamic 有活力的,有生機的2 prosperous 繁榮的3 brisk 興隆的4 volatile 不穩定的, 活躍浮動的形容市場蕭條,不景氣5 bleak 慘澹淒涼的6 declining 下滑的,衰退的7 slump 委靡的8 sluggish 不景氣,蕭條的9 stagnant 停滯不前的, 蕭條的二, 關於是“商品”的小結10 merchandise 商品(集合名詞)(單數)11 goods 貨物(複)12 commodity 商品, 期貨futures13 product 產品14 produce 農產品15 freight 運輸的貨物 ; 運費16 cargo (船,飛機) 裝載的貨物三, 和會議,集會有關的詞小結17 convoke 召集18 rally 集合19 gathering 聚會20 function 集會，儀式event, happeningOur sports day is the most important function of the year. 運動會那一天是我們一年裏最盛大的活動。
21 adjourn 延會,休會22 confer 商談四, 常見犯罪小結23 mug 搶劫,(從背後襲擊)24 steal 偷25 loot 搶奪26 pickpocket 扒手27 burglary 夜盜28 smuggle 走私五, 常見支付方式小結29 by cash 現金30 by check 支票31 by credit card 信用卡32 by money order 匯票33 by installment 分期伏款34 by mail 郵寄六, 關於性格的描述小節35 outgoing 外向活潑36 sociable 善於交際37 adaptable 適應性強38 ambitious 有野心39 hard-working 工作努力40 energetic 有活力41 enterprising 富於進取,有創業精神42 honest 誠實43 reserved 保守,穩重44 responsible 負責45 optimistic 樂觀46 independent 獨立七, 名詞1 inflation 通貨膨脹2 deflation 通貨緊縮3 feasibility 可行性4 overhaul 徹底檢查5 custom 海關6 bruise 擦傷7 indices 是index的複數注意讀音是/ / (聽力)8 commotion 暴動,騷亂9 interest rate 利率10 disposition (1)性情氣質 (2) 處理11 carat, karat 克拉12 hallmark 品質證明, 純正之證明13 asylum 收容所, 養老院14 orphanage 孤兒院15 morale 士氣,人心16 pennant 錦旗17 vicinity 附近, 短語是in the ~ of18 interrogation 詢問,審訊短語是put sb under ~19 intersection 交點20 intermission 休息時間21 physician 內科醫生22 surgeon 外科醫生, 軍醫,船醫23 breadwinner 養家糊口的人24 recipe 食譜,方法25 tender 招標,a public ~, ask for tender26 syllabus 課程綱要27 Spaniard 西班牙人28 dispassion 冷靜客觀29 levity 輕率30 expulsion 開除,除籍31 defamation 誹謗32 payroll 薪水冊,工資表33 contraction 收縮34 renewal 更新35 deduction 扣除(額)36 escalator 電動扶梯37 elevator 電梯,升降梯(美)38 lift 電梯(英)39 emblem 象徵標誌同logo symbol40 dereliction 怠忽職守~ of duty41 milk shake 奶昔42 endorsement 背書保證,找明星代言43 approbation 批准許可44 probation 試用 trial45 deference 順從尊重46 minor infraction 輕微違法major violation 重大47 vacate 疏散 evacuation48 anarchy 無政府49 collusion 共謀,勾結50 downturn 下滑take a sudden downturn51 spa 溫泉52 freelance writer 自由撰稿人53 articles 用品,商品54 management 資方 union 工會55 turnover 運轉,周轉56 turnout (集會)出席者a large turnout57 annuity 養老金 pension58 extension 分機59 innovation 革新翻新, renovation裝修60 dosage 劑量61 rash 疹子62 clientele 顧客,老主顧63 leave 請假He is often absent without leave64 partition 隔間,區分65 junk 垃圾 punk 朋克66 menopause 更年期67 razor 剃刀68 crop strains 作物品種69 headphone 耳機earphone70 automated teller machine 自動提款機ATM71 civilians 聽力中注意與surveillance區分72 subsidiary 子公司73 strip mining 露天採礦74 national (某國的)國民we employ various nationals at our local companies.75 mortgage 抵押76 compartment 隔間Ask the flight attendant if we can put our things in that compartment77 helping (食物的)一分I had a second helping78 subcontractor 轉包商79 speculation 投機~ in real estate80 avocation 副業81 kickback 回扣82 spectator 觀眾 audience 聽眾83 stroller (1)四輪嬰兒車 (2)漫步者84 seniority 年長,資深~ has priority85 toner 調色劑86 luncheon 正式午餐，下午餐會87 façade 建築物正面（法）88 decoy 欺騙，引誘 envoy 使者，代表alloy 合金 convoy 護送陪伴89 interface 交互介面 (desktop 桌面)desktop video conference 桌面視頻會議90 boutiques 小店精品店 banquet宴會 bouquet 花束91 casino 俱樂部，遊樂場92 complex 整套設施(an office complex) Oedipus complex93 commencement ceremony授學位典禮inception開始 induction 入伍94 modem 數據機95 fraud 詐騙96 magnate 工業巨頭97 gourmet 美食家98 ordinance 法令99 cursor 游標100 liaison 交流合作101 portfolio 公事包，文件夾102 corrosives 易腐蝕品103 corporation 企業，(聽力中注意和cooperation區分) 104 minute 會議錄105 recreation 娛樂，休閒 =relaxation八, 動詞1 strand 使擱淺，陷入困境2 relate 敍述3 facilitate 使便利4 excel 優出勝出 ~ in 名詞 excellence5 exceed 超過6 remit 匯款，寬恕7 highlight 強調8 inoculate 接種9 vaccinate 接種疫苗10 remedy 補救11 undermine 詆毀12 reverse 顛倒~ the verdict 判決13 slam 使勁關 ~ dunk14 equip 配備15 capsize 傾覆（船）16 simmer 燉，煨17 retrench 減少，節約18 discredit 使失去權威性，破壞名譽的19 curb 阻止，控制~ the use of marijuana20 process 加工21intercept 中途攔截22 segregate 隔離，分開分離23 quarantine 隔離檢疫24 seclude 隔絕，隱退，隱秘25 appeal 呼籲，懇求，上訴26 lift 解除，提起精神27 rescind 廢止，取消28 audit 查帳29 condemn 非難，判罪30 condone 寬恕，容忍31 deviate 偏離，跑題 ~ from32 disabuse 解惑，矯正33 disavow 否認34 transfuse 輸血35 mingle 交往，混合36 forfeit 沒收 confiscate37 staple 用訂書器釘 ADJ 主要的重要的38 deregulate 解除對---的管制39 block 阻擋N 樓40 launch 推出新產品，實施(an investigation into the scandal)41 house V. 為---提供住房42 expel 開除，驅除43 reimburse 報銷，伏款 = refund44 observe 遵守~ the smoking rule45 syndicate （在報刊，雜誌聯盟）多家報刊上同時發表46 commute 通勤47 rotate 旋轉，迴圈48 implement 實行49 liquidate 清算，清償債務50 accrue 增長，自然增殖九, 形容詞1 fragile 易碎的2 latter 後者3 latest 最新的4 later 過一會，過後5 eligible 合格的 illegible 難懂的6 edible 可食用的 audible 可聽到的7 duplicate 副本的，複製的8 potamic 河川的9 faulty 有錯誤的 ~ transformer 變壓器10 supersonic 超音速的11 foremost 首要的12 affluent 富足的13 explicit 明晰的14 implicit 暗含的15 hustle-bustle 熙來攘往16 obese 肥胖的17 manifold 各樣的，多種18 imprudent 輕率的19 effete 疲憊枯竭20 ebullient 沸騰的，熱情洋溢的21 enervated 無力的衰弱的22 spacious 寬敞的23 selective 精挑細選的24 precocious 早熟的，過早的25 remiss 疏忽的26 facile 容易的，流暢的27 intangible 無形的28 illicit 不合法的 = illegal29 diagonal 對角線的30 methodically 有條不紊的31definitive 限定的，決定的32 plausible 似合理的33 propitious 吉祥的，有利的34 auspicious 吉祥的35 intelligible 可識別的36 inflammable 易燃的37 nonflammable 不易燃的38 quality 品質好的 ~~ product/items/materials39 state-of-the-art 最新水準40 illegitimate 不合法的，私生的41 tailored 定制的~ devise programs to our needs 42 custom-made =tailor-made 特製的43mandatory 強制性的44 provisional—temporary 暫時的，臨時的45luxurious 奢侈的46 bear market”熊市”，也稱空頭市場，指行情普遍看淡。
8类危险品焦亚硫酸钠上海港海运出口香港
8类危险品焦亚硫酸钠上海港海运出口香港香港港是中国天然良港，为远东的航运中心。
北纬22°30′，东经114°20′，在珠江口外东侧，香港岛和九龙半岛之间。
香港地处我国与临近亚洲国家的要冲，既在珠三角入口，又位于经济增长骄人的亚洲太平洋周边的中心，可谓是占尽地利。
香港港是全球最繁忙和最高效率的国际集装箱港口之一，也是全球供应链上的主要枢纽港。
有80多条国际班轮每周提供约500班集装箱班轮服务，连接香港港至世界各地500多个目的地。
焦亚硫酸钠（Na2S2O5），别名偏二亚硫酸钠、偏重亚硫酸钠，是一种无机化合物，为白色或黄色结晶，带有强烈的刺激性气味，溶于水，水溶液呈酸性，与强酸接触则放出二氧化硫并生成相应的盐类。
久置空气中，则氧化成硫酸钠，故焦亚硫酸钠不能久存，用途用作色谱分析试剂、防腐剂和还原剂，用于染料和制药工业。
海运危险货物运输规则（IMDG Code）联合国正确运输名称（中文）：无机酸性腐蚀性固体，未另作规定联合国正确运输名称（英文）：CORROSIVE SOLID,INORGANIC,N.O.S.包装类别:Ⅲ主要危险类别：8次要危险类别:无运输特殊规定：223 274有限数量：5kg列外数量：E1Ems No:F-A,S-B海洋污染物：无UN 3260 CLASS 8CAS NO:7681-57-4 ES-编号:231-673-0 HS编码：2832100000海关编码：28321000申报要素：1:品名;2:品牌类型;3:出口享惠情况;4:成分含量;5:GTIN;6:CAS;7:其他监管条件：无检验检疫：无产品不在15版危化品目录里面，海运出口不需要提供商检。
焦亚硫酸钠海运包装方法：开口钢桶、安瓿瓶外普通木箱、螺纹口玻璃瓶、铁盖压口玻璃瓶、塑料瓶或金属桶（罐）外普通木箱等。
上海港出发到香港港航程大概3天左右上海港海运出口流程：1.危险品订舱：A.订舱委托书；B英文版MSDS;C.危包证扫描件;D.危险品申请表格2.车队放单提箱。
危险物品的标识与标签
4.2 自燃物質(Substances Liable To Spontaneous Combustion)
4.3 遇水產生可燃性氣體(Substances Which, In Contact With
附件一 4/13
Water, Emit Flammable Gases) － (禁水性物質)
第五類：氧化物質與有機過氧化物 (Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides)
附件一 5/13
5.1 氧化物(Oxidizer)
5.2 有機過氧化物(Organic Peroxides)
舊標籤得使用至 2010 年 12 月 31 日止
新標籤自 2007 年 1 月 1 日生效
附件一 2/13
第三類：易燃液體(Flammable Liquid)
第四類：易燃固體；自燃物質；與水反應物質
附件一 3/13
(Flammable Solid; Substances Liable To Spontaneous Combustion; Substances Which, In Contact With Water, Emit Flammable Gases) 4.1 易燃固體(Flammable Solid)
危險品之主要分類及標籤
危險性標籤
第一類：爆炸性物質(Explosives)1.1-1.6
附件一 1/13
第二類：氣體(Gases) 2.1 易燃氣體(Flammable Gas)
2.2 非易燃無毒性氣體(Non-Flammable, Non-Toxic Gas)
2.3 毒性氣體(Toxic Gas)
一級 二級
三級
分裂性物質
科技文体翻译
May cause perforation of the digestive tract. Causes severe pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and shock. May cause corrosion and permanent tissue destruction of the esophagus and digestive tract. May cause systemic effects. Inhalation: Irritation may lead to chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. Causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma. Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. Chronic: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Effects may be delayed.
急救措施 眼睛：在接触的情况下，立 即用大量水冲洗眼睛至少15分钟。立即 得到医疗救助。皮肤接触的情况下，应 立即冲洗至少15分钟，皮肤用大量的水， 同时消除污染的衣服和鞋。立即得到医 疗救助。在重复使用前洗净衣物。食入： 如果吞食，请勿催吐。立即得到医疗救 助。如果受害人是完全清醒，喝一杯水。 不要给失去知觉的人口服任何东西。吸 入：如果吸入，转移到有新鲜空气的地 方。如果没有呼吸，给予人工呼吸。如 果呼吸困难，给输氧。获得医疗救助。 注：请医生根据相应的症状积极治疗
高二英语历史文物单选题50题
高二英语历史文物单选题50题1. The Terracotta Army, which was discovered in Xi'an, dates back to the _____ Dynasty.A. QinB. HanC. TangD. Song答案：A。
解析：秦始皇帝陵的兵马俑（The Terracotta Army）是秦朝（Qin Dynasty）的文物。
选项B汉朝（Han Dynasty）、选项C唐朝 Tang Dynasty）和选项D宋朝 Song Dynasty）都不符合兵马俑所属的朝代。
2. In the British Museum, there is a famous Rosetta Stone. It was created around _____.A. 196 BCB. 1066 ADC. 55 BCD. 1492 AD答案：A。
解析：罗塞塔石碑（Rosetta Stone）大约制作于公元前196年 196 BC）。
选项B 1066 AD是诺曼征服英格兰的年份；选项C 55 BC不符合罗塞塔石碑的制作年代；选项D 1492 AD是哥伦布发现新大陆的年份。
3. The Mona Lisa in the Louvre Museum was painted by Leonardo daVinci in the _____.A. 15th centuryB. 16th centuryC. 17th centuryD. 18th century答案：B。
解析：《蒙娜丽莎》由列奥纳多·达·芬奇于16世纪（16th century）绘制。
15世纪（15th century）时间过早；17世纪（17th century）和18世纪 18th century）不符合达·芬奇创作《蒙娜丽莎》的时间。
4. The Parthenon Marbles, now controversial and in the British Museum, were originally from the _____ civilization.A. RomanB. GreekC. EgyptianD. Babylonian答案：B。
包装的专业术语
包装的专业术语ampoule 筒backing 缓冲衬板bale 捆，包buffer 缓冲材料bulk cargo 散装carton 纸板盒cellophane 玻璃纸coated paper 涂层纸coil 卷compressed gas 压缩气体cord 绳索corrosives 腐蚀品corrugated box 瓦通纸盒cutting straps first and remove top 先开顶部do not crush (drop）切勿压挤（坠落）do not stack on top 勿放顶上do not stow in damp place 勿放湿处do not turn upside down 切勿倾倒foil 箔纸fragile 易碎gross 萝guard against damp 防潮hazardous goods 危险品heat seal 热封口in bulk 散装in bundle 捆装inflammable 易燃品interior packaging 内部包装keep away from feed or food 切勿接近饲料和食品keep cool 保持冷藏keep flat 必须平放keep in dry place 干处保管keep in dark place 怕光keep on deck 甲板装运keep upright 勿倒置kraft paper 牛皮纸lot 堆never stow below 不可装在下面no dumping (shoot) 切勿投掷not to be laid flat 切勿平放not t be stowed under heavy cargo 怕压oxidizer;oxidizing agent 氧化剂pallet 卡板palletizer 堆卡板机paperboard 纸板partition 隔板perishable 易腐品point of strength 着力点poison 毒品pouch 小袋prepackaging 预包装preservative 防腐剂protect against cold (heat) 怕冷（热）radioactive substance 放射性物品ream 捻remove leaking packages 移开破漏包件seal 封口sling here 此处吊起staple U型钉stencil 印上油墨stow away from boiler 勿近锅炉stow in cool place 防于冷处stow on end 竖放vial 玻璃小瓶。
OECD Test No. 460 Fluorescein Leakage Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irrit
OECD/OCDE460Adopted: 2 October 2012© OECD, (2012)You are free to use this material for personal, non-commercial purposes without seeking prior consent from the OECD, provided the source is duly mentioned. Any commercial use of this material is subject to written permission from the OECD.OECD GUIDELINE FOR THE TESTING OF CHEMICALS Fluorescein Leakage Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe IrritantsINTRODUCTION1. The Fluorescein Leakage (FL) test method is an in vitro test method that can be used under certain circumstances and with specific limitations to classify chemicals (substances and mixtures) as ocular corrosives and severe irritants, as defined by the United Nations (UN) Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) (Category 1), the European Union (EU) Regulation on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) (Category 1), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Category I) (1) (2) (3). For the purpose of this Test Guideline, severe irritants are defined as chemicals that cause tissue damage in the eye following test substance administration that is not reversible within 21 days or causes serious physical decay of vision, while ocular corrosives are chemicals that cause irreversible tissue damage to the eye. These chemicals are classified as UN GHS Category 1, EU CLP Category 1, or U.S. EPA Category I.2. While the FL test method is not considered valid as a complete replacement for the in vivo rabbit eye test, the FL is recommended for use as part of a tiered testing strategy for regulatory classification and labelling. Thus, the FL is recommended as an initial step within a Top-Down approach to identify ocular corrosives/severe irritants, specifically for limited types of chemicals (i.e. water soluble substances and mixtures) (4)(5).3. It is currently generally accepted that, in the foreseeable future, no single in vitro eye irritation test will be able to replace the in vivo eye test (TG 405 (6)) to predict across the full range of irritation for different chemical classes. However, strategic combinations of several alternative test methods within a (tiered) testing strategy may be able to replace the in vivo eye test (5). The Top-Down approach (5) is designed to be used when, based on existing information, a chemical is expected to have high irritancy potential.Based on the prediction model detailed in paragraph 35, the FL test method can identify Category 1; EU CLP Category 1; U.S. EPA Category I) without any further testing. The same is assumed for mixtures although mixtures were not used in the validation. Therefore, the FL test method may be used to determine the eye irritancy/corrosivity of chemicals, following the460OECD/OCDEsequential testing strategy of TG 405 (6). However, a chemical that is not predicted as ocular corrosive or severe irritant with the FL test method would need to be tested in one or more additional test methods (in vitro and/or in vivo) that are capable of accurately identifying i) chemicals that are in vitro false negative ocular corrosives/severe irritants in the FL (UN GHS Category 1; EU CLP Category 1; U.S. EPA Category I); ii) chemicals that are not classified for eye corrosion/irritation (UN GHS No Category; EU CLP No Category; U.S. EPA Category IV); and/or iii) chemicals that are moderate/mild eye irritants (UN GHS Categories 2A and 2B; EU CLP Category 2; U.S. EPA Categories II and III).5. The purpose of this Test Guideline is to describe the procedures used to evaluate the potential ocular corrosivity or severe irritancy of a test substance as measured by its ability to induce damage to an impermeable confluent epithelial monolayer. The integrity of trans-epithelial permeability is a major function of an epithelium such as that found in the conjunctiva and the cornea. Trans-epithelial permeability is controlled by various tight junctions. Increasing the permeability of the corneal epithelium in vivo has been shown to correlate with the level of inflammation and surface damage observed as eye irritation develops.6. In the FL test method, toxic effects after a short exposure time to the test substance are measured by an increase in permeability of sodium fluorescein through the epithelial monolayer of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells cultured on permeable inserts. The amount of fluorescein leakage that occurs is proportional to the chemical-induced damage to the tight junctions, desmosomal junctions and cell membranes, and can be used to estimate the ocular toxicity potential of a test substance. Annex I provides a diagram of MDCK cells grown on an insert membrane for the FL test method.7. Definitions are provided in Annex II.INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS AND LIMITATIONS8. This Test Guideline is based on the INVITTOX protocol No. 71 (7) that has been evaluated in an international validation study by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) (8), in collaboration with the US Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) and the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM).9. The FL test method is not recommended for the identification of chemicals which should be classified as mild/moderate irritants or of chemicals which should not be classified for ocular irritation (substances and mixtures) (i.e. GHS Cat. 2A/2B, no category; EU CLP Cat. 2, no category; US EPA Cat. II/III/IV), as demonstrated by the validation study (4) (8).10. The test method is only applicable to water soluble chemicals (substances and mixtures). The ocular severe irritation potential of chemicals that are water soluble and/or where the toxic effect is not affected by dilution is generally predicted accurately using the FL test method (8). To categorise a chemical as water soluble, under experimental conditions, it should be soluble in sterile calcium-containing (at a concentration of 1.0-1.8 mM), phenol red-free, Hanks’ Buffered Salt Solution (HBSS) at a concentration ≥ 250 mg/mL (one dose above the cut-off of 100 mg/mL). However, if the test substance is soluble below the concentration 100 mg/mL,2© OECD, (2012)OECD/OCDE 460 but already induces a FL induction of 20 % at that concentration (meaning FL20 < 100 mg/mL), it can still be classified as GHS Cat. 1 or EPA Cat. 1.11. The identified limitations for this test method exclude strong acids and bases, cell fixatives and highly volatile chemicals from the applicability domain. These chemicals have mechanisms that are not measured by the FL test method, e.g. extensive coagulation, saponification or specific reactive chemistries. Other identified limitations for this method are based upon the results for the predictive capacity for coloured and viscous test substance (8). It is suggested that both types of chemicals are difficult to remove from the monolayer following the short exposure period and that predictivity of the test method could be improved if a higher number of washing steps was used. Solid chemicals suspended in liquid have the propensity to precipitate out and the final concentration to cells can be difficult to determine. When substances within these chemical and physical classes are excluded from the database, the accuracy of FL across the EU, EPA, and GHS classification systems is substantially improved (8).12. Based on the purpose of this test method (i.e. to identify ocular corrosives/severe irritants only), false negative rates (see Paragraph 13) are not critical since such substances would be subsequently tested with other adequately validated in vitro tests or in rabbits, depending on regulatory requirements, using a sequential testing strategy in a weight of evidence approach (6) (see also paragraphs 3 and 4).13. Other identified limitations of the FL test method are based on false negative and false positive rates. When used as an initial step within a Top-Down approach to identify water soluble ocular corrosive/severe irritant substances and mixtures (UN GHS Category 1; EU CLP Category 1; U.S. EPA Category I), the false positive rate for the FL test method ranged from 7% (7/103; UN GHS and EU CLP) to 9% (9/99; U.S. EPA) and the false negative rate ranged from 54% (15/28; U.S. EPA) to 56% (27/48; UN GHS and EU CLP) when compared to in vivo results. Chemical groups showing false positive and/or false negative results in the FL test method are not defined here.14. Certain technical limitations are specific to the MDCK cell culture. The tight junctions that block the passage of the sodium-fluorescein dye through the monolayer are increasingly compromised with increasing cell passage number. Incomplete formation of the tight junctions results in increased FL in the non-treated control. Therefore, a defined permissible maximal leakage in the non-treated controls is important (see paragraph 38: 0% leakage). As with all in vitro assays there is the potential for the cells to become transformed over time, thus it is vital that passage number ranges for the assays are stated.15. The current applicability domain might be increased in some cases, but only after analyzing an expanded data set of studied test substances, preferably acquired through testing (4). This Test Guideline will be updated accordingly as new information and data are considered.16. For any laboratory initially establishing this assay, the proficiency chemicals provided in Annex III should be used. Laboratories can use these chemicals to demonstrate their technical competence in performing the FL test method prior to submitting FL assay data for regulatory hazard classification purposes.PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST3© OECD, (2012)460OECD/OCDE17. The FL test method is a cytotoxicity and cell-function based in vitro assay that is performed on a confluent monolayer of MDCK CB997 tubular epithelial cells that are grown on semi-permeable inserts and model the non-proliferating state of the in vivo corneal epithelium. The MDCK cell line is well established and forms tight junctions and desmosomal junctions similar to those found on the apical side of conjunctival and corneal epithelia. Tight and desmosomal junctions in vivo prevent solutes and foreign materials penetrating the corneal epithelium. Loss of trans-epithelial impermeability, due to damaged tight junctions and desmosomal junctions, is one of the early events in chemical-induced ocular irritation.18. The test substance is applied to the confluent layer of cells grown on the apical side of the insert. A short 1 min exposure is routinely used to reflect the normal clearance rate in human exposures. An advantage of the short exposure period is that water-based substances and mixtures can be tested neat, if they can be easily removed after the exposure period. This allows more direct comparisons of the results with the chemical effects in humans. The test substance is then removed and the non-toxic, highly fluorescent sodium-fluorescein dye is added to the apical side of the monolayer for 30 minutes. The damage caused by the test substance to the tight junctions is determined by the amount of fluorescein which leaks through the cell layer within a defined period of time.19. The amount of sodium-fluorescein dye that passes through the monolayer and the insert membrane into a set volume of solution present in the well (to which the sodium-fluorescein dye leaks in) is determined by measuring spectrofluorometrically the fluorescein concentration in the well. The amount of fluorescein leakage (FL) is calculated with reference to fluoresence intensity (FI) readings from two controls: a blank control, and a maximum leakage control. The percentage of leakage and therefore amount of damage to the tight junctions is expressed, relative to these controls, for each of the set concentrations of the test substance. Then the FL20 (i.e. concentration that causes 20% FL relative to the value recorded for the untreated confluent monolayer and inserts without cells), is calculated. The FL20 (mg/mL) value is used in the prediction model for identification of ocular corrosives and severe irritants (see paragraph 35).20. Recovery is an important part of a test substance’s toxicity profile that is also assessed by the in vivo ocular irritation test. Preliminary analyses indicated that recovery data (up to 72 h following the chemical exposure) could potentially increase the predictive capacity of INVITTOX Protocol 71 but further evaluation is needed and would benefit from additional data, preferably acquired by further testing (7). This Test Guideline will be updated accordingly as new information and data are considered.PROCEDUREPreparation of the cellular monolayer21. The monolayer of MDCK CB997 cells is prepared using sub-confluent cells growing in cell culture flasks in DMEM/Nutrient Mix F12 (1x concentrate with L-glutamine, 15 mM HEPES, calcium (at a concentration of 1.0-1.8 mM) and 10% heat-inactivated FCS/FBS). Importantly, all media/solutions used throughout the FL assay should contain calcium at a concentration between 1.8 mM (200 mg/L) and 1.0 mM (111 mg/L) to ensure tight junction formation and integrity. Cell passage number range should be controlled to ensure even and4© OECD, (2012)OECD/OCDE 460 reproducible tight junctions formation. Preferably, the cells should be within the passage range 3-30 from thawing because cells within this passage range have similar functionality, which aids assay results to be reproducible.22. Prior to performing the FL test method, the cells are detached from the flask by trypsinisation, centrifuged and an appropriate amount of cells is seeded into the inserts placed in 24-well plates (see Annex I). Twelve mm diameter inserts with membrane of mixed cellulose esters, a thickness of 80-150 µm and a pore size of 0.45 µm, should be used to seed the cells. In the validation study, Millicell-HA 12 mm inserts were used. The properties of the insert and membrane type are important as these may affect cell growth and chemical binding. Certain types of chemicals may bind to the Millicell-HA insert membrane, which could affect the interpretation of results. Proficiency chemicals (see Annex III) should be used to demonstrate equivalency if other membranes are used.23. Chemical binding to the insert membrane is more common for cationic chemicals, such as benzalkonium chloride, which are attracted to the positively charged membrane (8). Chemical binding to the insert membrane may increase the chemical exposure period, leading to an over-estimation of the toxic potential of the chemical, but can also physically reduce the leakage of fluorescein through the insert by binding of the dye to the cationic chemical bound to the insert membrane, leading to an under-estimation of the toxic potential of the chemical. This can be readily monitored by exposing the membrane alone to the top concentration of the chemical tested and then adding sodium-fluorescein dye at the normal concentration for the standard time (no cell control). If binding of the sodium-fluorescein dye occurs, the insert membrane appears yellow after the test material has been washed-off. Thus, it is essential to know the binding properties of the test substance in order to be able to interpret the effect of the chemical on the cells.24. Cell seeding on inserts should produce a confluent monolayer at the time of chemical exposure. 1.6 x 105 cells should be added per insert (400 µL of a cell suspension with a density of 4 x 105 cells / mL). Under these conditions, a confluent monolayer is usually obtained after 96 hours in culture. Inserts should be examined visually prior to seeding, so as to ensure that any damages recorded at the visual control described at paragraph 30 is due to handling.25. The MDCK cell cultures should be kept in incubators in a humidified atmosphere, at 5% ± 1% CO2and 37 ± 1 ºC. The cells should be free of contamination by bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma and fungi.Application of the Test and Control Chemicals26. A fresh stock solution of test substance should be prepared for each experimental run and used within 30 minutes of preparation. Test substances should be prepared in calcium-containing (at a concentration of 1.0-1.8 mM), phenol red-free, HBSS to avoid serum protein binding. Solubility of the chemical at 250 mg/mL in HBSS should be assessed prior to testing. If at this concentration the chemical forms a stable suspension or emulsion (i.e.maintains uniformity and does not settle or separate into more than one phase) over 30 minutes, HBSS can still be used as solvent. However, if the chemical is found to be insoluble in HBSS at this concentration, the use of other test methods instead of FL should be considered. The use of light mineral oil as a solvent, in cases where the chemical is found to be insoluble in HBSS, should be5© OECD, (2012)460OECD/OCDEconsidered with caution as there is not enough data available to conclude on the performance of the FL assay under such conditions.27. All chemicals to be tested are prepared in sterile calcium-containing (at a concentration of 1.0-1.8 mM), phenol red-free, HBSS from the stock solution, at five fixed concentrations diluted on a weight per volume basis: 1, 25, 100, 250 mg/mL and a neat or a saturated solution. When testing a solid chemical, a very high concentration of 750 mg/mL should be included. This concentration of chemical may have to be applied on the cells using a positive displacement pipette. If the toxicity is found to be between 25 and 100 mg/mL, the following additional concentrations should be tested twice: 1, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg/mL. The FL20value should be derived from these concentrations provided the acceptance criteria were met.28. The test substances are applied to the confluent cell monolayers after removal of the cell culture medium and washing twice with sterile, warm (37ºC), calcium-containing (at a concentration of 1.0-1.8 mM), phenol red-free, HBSS. Previously, the filters have been visually checked for any pre-existing damages that could be falsely attributed to potential incompatibilities with test chemicals. At least three replicates should be used for each concentration of the test substance and for the controls in each run. After 1 min of exposure at room temperature, the test substance should be carefully removed by aspiration, the monolayer should be washed twice with sterile, warm (37ºC), calcium-containing (at a concentration of 1.0-1.8 mM), phenol red-free, HBSS, and the fluorescein leakage should be immediately measured. 29. Concurrent negative (NC) and positive controls (PC) should be used in each run to demonstrate that monolayer integrity (NC) and sensitivity of the cells (PC) are within a defined historical acceptance range. The suggested PC chemical is Brij 35 (CAS No. 9002-92-0) at 100 mg/mL. This concentration should give approximately 30% fluorescein leakage (acceptable range 20-40% fluorescein leakage, i.e. damage to cell layer). The suggested NC chemical is calcium-containing (at a concentration of 1.0-1.8 mM), phenol red-free, HBSS (untreated, blank control).A maximum leakage control should also be included in each run to allow for the calculation of FL20 values. Maximum leakage is determined using a control insert without cells.Determination of fluorescein permeability30. Immediately after removal of the test and control substances, 400μL of 0.1 mg/mL sodium-fluorescein solution (0.01% (w/v) in calcium-containing [at a concentration of 1.0-1.8 mM], phenol red-free, HBSS) is added to the Millicell-HA inserts. The cultures are kept for 30 minutes at room temperature. At the end of the incubation with fluorescein, the inserts are carefully removed from each well. Visual check is performed on each filter and any damage which may have occurred during handling is recorded.31. The amount of fluorescein that leaked through the monolayer and the insert is quantified in the solution which remained in the wells after removal of the inserts. Measurements are done in a spectrofluorometer at excitation and emission wavelengths of 485 nm and 530 nm, respectively. The sensitivity of the spectrofluorometer should be set so that there is the highest numerical difference between the maximum FL (insert with no cells) and the minimum FL (insert with confluent monolayer treated with NC). Because of the differences in the used spectrofluorometer, it is suggested that a sensitivity is used which will give fluorescence intensity > 4000 at the maximum fluorescein leakage control. The maximum FL value should not be6© OECD, (2012)OECD/OCDE 460 greater than 9999. The maximum fluorescence leakage intensity should fall within the linear range of the spectrofluorometer used.Interpretation of results and Prediction model32. The amount of FL is proportional to the chemical-induced damage to the tight junctions. The percentage of FL for each tested concentration of chemical is calculated from the FL values obtained for the test substance with reference to FL values from the NC (reading from the confluent monolayer of cells treated with the NC) and a maximum leakage control (reading for the amount of FL through an insert without cells).The mean maximum leakage fluorescence intensity = xThe mean 0% leakage fluorescence intensity (NC) = yThe mean 100% leakage is obtained by subtracting the mean 0% leakage from the mean maximum leakage,i.e. x - y = z33. The percentage leakage for each fixed dose is obtained by subtracting the 0% leakage to the mean fluorescence intensity of the three replicate readings (m), and dividing this value by the 100% leakage, i.e. %FL = [(m-y) / z] x 100%, where:m = the mean fluorescence intensity of the three replicate measurements for the concentration involved% FL = the percent of the fluorescein which leaks through the cell layer34. The following equation for the calculation of the chemical concentration causing 20% FL should be applied:FL D = [(A-B) / (C-B)] x (M C –M B) + M BWhere:D = % of inhibitionA = % damage (20% fluorescein leakage)B = % fluorescein leakage < AC = % fluorescein leakage > AM C = Concentration (mg/mL) of CM B = Concentration (mg/mL) of B35. The cut-off value of FL20 for predicting chemicals as ocular corrosives/severe irritants is given below:7© OECD, (2012)460OECD/OCDE36. The FL test method is recommended only for the identification of water soluble ocular corrosives and severe irritants (UN GHS Category 1, EU CLP Category 1, U.S. EPA Category I) (see paragraphs 1 and 10).37. In order to identify water soluble chemicals (substances and mixtures) (4) (7) (8) as "inducing serious eye damage" (UN GHS/EU CLP Category 1) or as an "ocular corrosive or severe irritant" (U.S. EPA Category I), the test substance should induce an FL20 value of ≤ 100 mg/mL.Acceptance of results38. The mean maximum fluorescein leakage value (x) should be higher than 4000 (see paragraph 31), the mean 0% leakage (y) should be equal or lower than 300, and the mean 100% leakage (z) should fall between 3700 and 6000.39. A test is considered acceptable if the positive control produced 20% to 40% damage to the cell layer (measure as % fluorescein leakage).DATA AND REPORTINGData40. For each run, data from individual replicate wells (e.g. fluorescence intensity values and calculated percentage FL data for each test substance, including classification) should be reported in tabular form. In addition, means ± SD of individual replicate measurements in each run should be reported.Test Report41. The test report should include the following information:Test and Control Substances-Chemical name(s) such as the structural name used by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), followed by other names, if known;-Chemical CAS number, if known;-Purity and composition of the substance or mixture (in percentage(s) by weight), to the extent this information is available;-Physical-chemical properties relevant to the conduct of the study (e.g. physical state, volatility, pH, stability, water solubility, chemical class);-Treatment of the test/control substance prior to testing, if applicable (e.g. warming, grinding);-Storage conditions;Justification of the Test Method and Protocol Used-Should include considerations regarding applicability domain and limitations of the test method;Test Conditions8© OECD, (2012)OECD/OCDE 460 -Description of cell system used, including certificate of authenticity and the mycoplasma status of the cell line;-Details of test procedure used;-Test substance concentration(s) used;-Duration of exposure to the test substance;-Duration of incubation with fluorescein;-Description of any modifications of the test procedure;-Description of evaluation criteria used;-Reference to historical data of the model (e.g. negative and positive controls, benchmark chemicals, if applicable);-Information on the technical proficiency demonstrated by the laboratory;Results-Tabulation of data from individual test substances and controls for each run and each replicate measurement (including individual results, means and SDs);-The derived classification(s) with reference to the prediction model and/or decision criteria used;-Description of other effects observed;Discussion of the Results-Should include considerations regarding a non-conclusive outcome (paragraph 35: FL20 > 100 mg/mL) and further testing;Conclusions9© OECD, (2012)460OECD/OCDELITERATURE1.UN (2009), United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling ofChemicals (GHS), Third revised edition, New York & Geneva: United Nations Publications.ISBN: 978-92-1-117006-1. Available at:[/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev03/03files_e.html]2.EC (2008), Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures,amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Official Journal of the European Union L353, 1-1355.3.U.S. EPA (1996), Label Review Manual: 2nd Edition, EPA737-B-96-001, Washington DC:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.4.EC-ECVAM (2009), Statement on the scientific validity of cytotoxicity/cell-function based invitro assays for eye irritation testing. Available under Publications at: [http://ecvam.jrc.it/index.htm]5.Scott, L. et al. (2010), A proposed eye irritation testing strategy to reduce and replace in vivostudies using Bottom-Up and Top-Down approaches, Toxicol. In Vitro 24, 1-9.6.OECD (2002), Test No. 405: Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion, OECD Guidelines for theTesting of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing. doi: 10.1787/9789264070646-en7.EC-ECVAM (1999), INVITOX Protocol 71: Fluorescein Leakage Test, Ispra, Italy:European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). Available at: [http://ecvam-dbalm.jrc.ec.europa.eu]8.EC-ECVAM (2008), Fluorescein Leakage Assay Background Review Document as anAlternative Method for Eye Irritation Testing. Available under Validation Study Documents, Section Eye Irritation at: [http://ecvam.jrc.it/index.htm]9.OECD (2005), Guidance Document on the Validation and International Acceptance of Newor Updated Test Methods for Hazard Assessment, OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 34. OECD, Paris. Available at: [/env/testguidelines]10© OECD, (2012)。
危险品分类简介2
常见有机过氧化物有：过氧化氢、过氧化 钠、过乙酸等。
15
氧化物和有机过氧化物标签
5.1项：氧化性物质 (Oxidizer)
5.2项：有机过氧化物 (Organic peroxides)
16
第六类：毒害品和感染性物品 （Toxic and Infectious Substances）
6.1项：毒害性物质(Toxic substances) 指在吞入，吸入或皮肤接触后，进入人体可导致 死亡或危害健康的物质。
5
2、气体分为：
2.1项：易燃气体（Flammable gas） 这类气体泄漏时，遇明火、高温或光照，即会发生燃烧 或爆炸。燃烧或爆炸后的生成物对人体具有一定的刺激或毒 害作用。例如： 氢气、甲烷、乙烷、丁烷、乙炔、石油气等。 2.2项：不易燃无毒气体(Non-flammable,non-toxic gas) 这类气体泄漏时，遇明火不燃。直接吸入人体内无毒、 无刺激、没有腐蚀性，但高浓度时有窒息作用。例如：氮气、 氩气、氦气等惰性气体和氟氯烷类的制冷剂和灭火剂。 2.3项：毒害气体(Toxic gas) 这类气体泄漏时，对人畜有强烈的毒害、窒息、灼伤、 刺激作用。其中有些还具有易燃性或氧化性。例如：氯气、 氨气、光气、二氧化硫、氰、溴甲烷等。
常见有：放射性物质的仪器、仪表、放射性医疗 设备放射源等。
19
放射性物质标签
20
第八类：腐蚀性物品 （Corrosives）
指通过化学反应，接触生物组织产生严重伤害或 在泄漏时严重损毁其他货物或交通工具的物质。 特性：腐蚀性、毒性、易燃性和可燃性、氧化性、 易水反应性。 常见有：硝酸、硫酸、盐酸、甲酸、甲醛、氢氧 化钠、氢氧化钾、三氧化二硫、三溴化磷、汞。
13
乙醛酸MSDS和GHS
乙醛酸MSDS和GHS化学品分类检验记录单第 1页共6页化学品分类检验记录单样品名称: 报验号: 样品编号: 检验项目:化学品分类及GHS检验依据:联合国《关于危险货物运输的建议书》;国际海事组织《国际海运危险货物规则》;国际航空运输协会《危险品规则》(IATA)记录见附页:货物运输条件鉴定书Certification for Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods报检编号: 申报品名中文Chinese 乙醛酸Name ofGoods 英文English Glyoxylic acid分子式 CHO 223Molecular formula申请单位 Applicant生产单位 Manufacturer样品外观与性状淡黄色透明液体 Appearance and property Light yellow transparent liquid主要危险性 8 Main Danger次要危险性无Subsidiary Danger NONE正确运输名称腐蚀性液体，酸性的，有机的，未另列明(乙醛酸) Proper Shipping Name Corrosive liquid, acidic, organic, n.o.s. (Glyoxylic acid)CAS登记号 CHO : 298-12-4 223CAS Register Number危险性类别 8 Class or Division20 年月日发布年月日第次修改发布人:化学品分类检验记录单第 2页共6页联合国编号 UN 3265 UN Number包装类别 ? Packing Group联合国《关于危险货物运输的建议书》，《Recommendations on the检测鉴定依据 Transport of Dangerous Goods》;国际海事组织《国际海运危险货物规Warranty of Test 则》，《International Maritime Dangerous Goods》;国际航空运输协会《危险品规则》，《Dangerous Goods Regulation》(IATA);委托人自送样品。
介绍的英文说法是怎么样的
介绍的英文说法是怎么样的介绍的英文说法是怎么样的介绍这一动作在日常生活中是很常见，我们还可以多了解一下它正确的英文说法。
店铺为大家精心准备了介绍的几种简单英文说法，欢迎大家前来阅读。
介绍的英文：introduce读音如音标所示：英 [ntrdju:s] 美 [ntrdu:s]情景对话生意场上A：Is that the office manager over there?在那边的那位是经理吧?B：Yes, it is,是啊。
A：I haven‘t met him yet.我还没见过他。
B：I‘ll introduce him to you .那么，我来介绍你认识。
介绍A：May I introduce myself? I am Mr. Smith.我可以介绍一下我自己吗?我是史密斯先生。
B：Glad to meet you, Mr. Smith. My name is Mr. Green.很高兴见到你，史密斯先生。
我是格林先生。
介绍的英语单词：recommend读音如音标所示：英 [rekmend] 美 [rkmnd]例句1. I recommended my child to her care.我把孩子托付给她照顾。
2. Can you recommend a good dictionary?你能介绍一本好词典吗?3. This hotel has nothing to recommend it.这家旅馆没有什么可吸引人的。
4. The dying man recommended his soul to God.这垂危病人把灵魂交付上帝。
5. His proposal has much to recommend it.他的建议有不少可取之处。
介绍的双语例句1. 介绍了三角剪切模型的`原理与方法，并利用该模型对川东大池干构造地震剖面进行了构造解译及应变分析。
The principle and method for the trishear model were introduced.2. 介绍了采用钎焊的方法进行连接;选择了相应的钎料与钎剂;并确定了工艺及措施。
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4a
Health hazards of corrosives
Respiratory ailments due to a build up of
fluid in the lungs
Poisoning, many
corrosives are toxic
4b
Physical hazards of corrosives
Chemically reactive Contact with metal pH level
3
Health hazards of corrosives
Explained in MSDSs
Chemical burns to skin and the mucus
membranes of your eyes, nose, mouth, and respiratory tract
Explained in MSDSs
Reactive with many materials. Many react
with water
Combustible or
flammable, can easily ignite and burn
5
Engineering controls
Ventilation systems
Safe work procedures
Dispense from one container at a time
When mixing, always add the corrosive to
the water
Be cautious about skin contact
8b
Safe storage procedures
information
Workers overexposed to corrosives must
be removed to an area with fresh air
11a
Proper first aid and emergency procedures
In case of direct contact flush the
7
Safe work procedures
Refer to MSDS for handling information
Take fire prevention precautions Remove all jewelry Use only the amount you need
8a
1c
Common corrosive bases
Calcium hydroxide – hydrated lime
Sodium carbonate – soda ash Corrosive bases you work with
1d
Recognizing corrosives
Corrosives can be liquids, powders, pellets,
Common corrosive acids
Sulfuric acid – battery acid, drain opener,
cleaner
Acetic acid – contained in vinegar
Hydrochloric acid – also called muriatic
affected area with plenty of clean water for at least 15 minutes
Medical attention
may be necessary
11b
Thanks
Corrosive acids you work with
1b
Common corrosive bases
Ammonium hydroxide – contained in
household ammonia products
Potassium hydroxide – potash
Sodium hydroxide – lye
9b
Proper clean-up and disposal procedures
Report all leaks and spills
Follow all instructions
10a
Proper clean-up and disposal procedures
Collect waste corrosives in proper
acid
1a
Common corrosive acids
Nitric acid – also an oxidizing agent
Chromic acid Hydrofluoric acid – a very strong acid
that can be used to etch glass
Refer to MSDS for storage information
Store in original container
9a
Safe storage procedures
Storage areas should be well-ventilated
Inspect containers for damage prior to use
Chemical transfer equipment
6a
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
See MSDSs for PPE recommendations
You must be
trained in use and demonstrate understanding
containers
Refer to MSDS for
clean-up and disposal information
10b
Proper first aid and emergency procedures
Refer to MSDS for first aid and emergency
or gases
Most have a strongபைடு நூலகம் irritating odor
2a
Recognizing corrosives
Read the label
Litmus paper test
2b
Chemistry of corrosives
Can be either acids or bases