翻译第四章课件xin
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第四页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Teaching Content
Comparison of the Theme in English and Chinese;
How to choose the most proper subject in C-E translation;
Summary of this section
第二十三页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
More examples:
从本学期开始，学生宿舍客访不得迟于晚10点，星期天不 得迟于晚10点半。
Starting with this semester, dorm residents won’t be allowed to have visitors after 10 p.m. on week nights and 10:30 p.m. on weekends.
第十一页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
For Example
It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.
第九页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Topic vs. Subject
英语是主语优先型语言，每个句子都有显性 主语。
主语可以由 “施事、受事、形式主语或主题 主语来充当。
从主语的构成成分看, 英语的主语包括:
代词; 名词; 名词以外的词类做主语必须要名词化。
第十页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Cheating in exams is contemptible. To empty one’s purse to help people in
need is of course a virtue. Mathematics, physics, chemistry and
Chinese --- I’m interested in them all.
actives in form but passives in sense；
第十四页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Examples of Personal Subjects
他因感情冲动而误入歧途。 他一阵发怒之后，既不难过，也不后悔。 他一想到回去就害怕。 我突然想起一个主意。 我看到这孩子就会想起他的父母。 我没有想到你会反对。
How to choose the most proper subject when doing translation from Chinese into English;
第三页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Teaching Difficulties
The difficulty lies in how to get around the negative transfer of the syntactic influence of the original so as to select the most proper subject in C-E translation.
2. Personal vs. Impersonal
In formal written English, the writer does not refer directly to himself or his readers, but avoids the pronouns I, we, and you, thus the
第二十二页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
2. Choose Another Component as the Subject in English
我们的自然科学比较落后，要努力向外国学习。 In natural sciences, we are rather
backward and here，we should make a special effort to learn from foreign countries. 这么快就盖好了一栋房子。 The house was built at such great speed.
To discuss the methods of how to choose the proper subject when doing translation from Chinese into English.
第二页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Teaching Focus
Be aware of the syntactic discrepancies between English and Chinese;
第五页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
I. Comparison of the Theme in English and Chinese
Topic vs. Subject;
Personal vs. Impersonal; Subjectless/Subject-omitted Sentence
➢ Hence, special attention should be paid to the choice of subject in C-E translation.
第十九页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
II. Choice of Subject in C-E Translation
Use the Topic in Chinese as the Subject in English
司马迁是中国历史上最伟大的史学家。 考试作弊是很可耻的。 倾囊相助是一种美德。 数学、物理、化学和语文, 我都感兴趣。
第二十一页，编辑于星d Versions for Reference
Sima Qian was the greatest historian in Chinese history.
➢ English is a subject-prominent language which generally requires a complete sentence structure，S-V concord and formal cohesion.
➢ Chinese is a topic-prominent language which enjoys flexibility of sentence structure and pays more attention to semantic coherence．
热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，建立和发展贸易 关系。
Customers from various countries and regions are warmly welcome to establish and develop business contacts.
第二十四页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Chapter Four
Translation on Sentence Level
第一页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
The First Two Periods
Teaching Objectives:
To distinguish the difference between topic-prominent Chinese and subjectprominent English;
The happiness -- the superior advantages of the young women round about her, gave Rebecca inexpressible pangs of envy. (W. Thackeray: Vanity Fair)
第十三页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Choose Another Component as the Subject in English
Add a New Subject in English
第二十页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
1. Use the Topic in Chinese as the Subject in English
writer and the reader are out of the picture, hiding themselves behind impersonal language. Common features:
Passives
sentences beginning with introductory it abstract nouns as subjects
Chinese is featured by subjectless and subject-omitted sentences when
the subject is self-evident；
unknown；
implied in the context.
第十七页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Examples of Subjectless/Subject-omitted Sentence
搞得我心乱如麻。 热得我们满身大汗。 黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。 接到你的来信，十分高兴。 是我们错了。 气得他说不出话来。
第十八页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
4. Conclusion Drawn from the Comparison
第十二页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Examples of Abstract Nouns as Subjects
An idea suddenly struck me.
A strange peace came over her when she was alone.
Alarm began to take entire possession of him. (W. Thackeray)
第七页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
For example,
我们盖了一栋房子。 书看完了。 今年来了三名新同学。 学校门口要盖一家超市。 单车闯天下。 很快天就下雨了。 打雷了。
第八页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
More examples:
今天的菜真好吃（NP）； 他能获奖我不相信（S）； 这些话他会说我不相信（S’）； 开小灶我不同意（VP）； 在桌子上他放了几本书（Prep P）； 贫穷不要紧（adj.）; 六六大顺（num.）
第六页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
1. Topic vs. Subject
汉语是“主题显著”的语言，其句子的基本 结构是 “话题+评论”框架。
话题可以是：施事、受事、时间、地点、工 具、方式等。
从主语的构成成分看，汉语中除了名词短语 可以充当主语外，动词、形容词、数量词等 都可以成为主题。
第十五页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
More Examples
一匹马骑两个人。
这锅饭能吃十个人。
昨晚我盖了两条被子。
这篇文章翻译完了。 困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决
了。
第十六页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
3. Subjectless/Subject-omitted Sentence
Personal vs. Impersonal
Chinese, by contrast, prefers to use a personal style, which is featured by
personal (animate) subjects； much more actives ；
Teaching Content
Comparison of the Theme in English and Chinese;
How to choose the most proper subject in C-E translation;
Summary of this section
第二十三页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
More examples:
从本学期开始，学生宿舍客访不得迟于晚10点，星期天不 得迟于晚10点半。
Starting with this semester, dorm residents won’t be allowed to have visitors after 10 p.m. on week nights and 10:30 p.m. on weekends.
第十一页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
For Example
It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.
第九页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Topic vs. Subject
英语是主语优先型语言，每个句子都有显性 主语。
主语可以由 “施事、受事、形式主语或主题 主语来充当。
从主语的构成成分看, 英语的主语包括:
代词; 名词; 名词以外的词类做主语必须要名词化。
第十页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Cheating in exams is contemptible. To empty one’s purse to help people in
need is of course a virtue. Mathematics, physics, chemistry and
Chinese --- I’m interested in them all.
actives in form but passives in sense；
第十四页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Examples of Personal Subjects
他因感情冲动而误入歧途。 他一阵发怒之后，既不难过，也不后悔。 他一想到回去就害怕。 我突然想起一个主意。 我看到这孩子就会想起他的父母。 我没有想到你会反对。
How to choose the most proper subject when doing translation from Chinese into English;
第三页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Teaching Difficulties
The difficulty lies in how to get around the negative transfer of the syntactic influence of the original so as to select the most proper subject in C-E translation.
2. Personal vs. Impersonal
In formal written English, the writer does not refer directly to himself or his readers, but avoids the pronouns I, we, and you, thus the
第二十二页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
2. Choose Another Component as the Subject in English
我们的自然科学比较落后，要努力向外国学习。 In natural sciences, we are rather
backward and here，we should make a special effort to learn from foreign countries. 这么快就盖好了一栋房子。 The house was built at such great speed.
To discuss the methods of how to choose the proper subject when doing translation from Chinese into English.
第二页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Teaching Focus
Be aware of the syntactic discrepancies between English and Chinese;
第五页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
I. Comparison of the Theme in English and Chinese
Topic vs. Subject;
Personal vs. Impersonal; Subjectless/Subject-omitted Sentence
➢ Hence, special attention should be paid to the choice of subject in C-E translation.
第十九页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
II. Choice of Subject in C-E Translation
Use the Topic in Chinese as the Subject in English
司马迁是中国历史上最伟大的史学家。 考试作弊是很可耻的。 倾囊相助是一种美德。 数学、物理、化学和语文, 我都感兴趣。
第二十一页，编辑于星d Versions for Reference
Sima Qian was the greatest historian in Chinese history.
➢ English is a subject-prominent language which generally requires a complete sentence structure，S-V concord and formal cohesion.
➢ Chinese is a topic-prominent language which enjoys flexibility of sentence structure and pays more attention to semantic coherence．
热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，建立和发展贸易 关系。
Customers from various countries and regions are warmly welcome to establish and develop business contacts.
第二十四页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Chapter Four
Translation on Sentence Level
第一页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
The First Two Periods
Teaching Objectives:
To distinguish the difference between topic-prominent Chinese and subjectprominent English;
The happiness -- the superior advantages of the young women round about her, gave Rebecca inexpressible pangs of envy. (W. Thackeray: Vanity Fair)
第十三页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Choose Another Component as the Subject in English
Add a New Subject in English
第二十页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
1. Use the Topic in Chinese as the Subject in English
writer and the reader are out of the picture, hiding themselves behind impersonal language. Common features:
Passives
sentences beginning with introductory it abstract nouns as subjects
Chinese is featured by subjectless and subject-omitted sentences when
the subject is self-evident；
unknown；
implied in the context.
第十七页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Examples of Subjectless/Subject-omitted Sentence
搞得我心乱如麻。 热得我们满身大汗。 黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。 接到你的来信，十分高兴。 是我们错了。 气得他说不出话来。
第十八页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
4. Conclusion Drawn from the Comparison
第十二页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
Examples of Abstract Nouns as Subjects
An idea suddenly struck me.
A strange peace came over her when she was alone.
Alarm began to take entire possession of him. (W. Thackeray)
第七页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
For example,
我们盖了一栋房子。 书看完了。 今年来了三名新同学。 学校门口要盖一家超市。 单车闯天下。 很快天就下雨了。 打雷了。
第八页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
More examples:
今天的菜真好吃（NP）； 他能获奖我不相信（S）； 这些话他会说我不相信（S’）； 开小灶我不同意（VP）； 在桌子上他放了几本书（Prep P）； 贫穷不要紧（adj.）; 六六大顺（num.）
第六页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
1. Topic vs. Subject
汉语是“主题显著”的语言，其句子的基本 结构是 “话题+评论”框架。
话题可以是：施事、受事、时间、地点、工 具、方式等。
从主语的构成成分看，汉语中除了名词短语 可以充当主语外，动词、形容词、数量词等 都可以成为主题。
第十五页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
More Examples
一匹马骑两个人。
这锅饭能吃十个人。
昨晚我盖了两条被子。
这篇文章翻译完了。 困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决
了。
第十六页，编辑于星期六：点 五十八分。
3. Subjectless/Subject-omitted Sentence
Personal vs. Impersonal
Chinese, by contrast, prefers to use a personal style, which is featured by
personal (animate) subjects； much more actives ；