高考英语总复习 语法先行 介词预习学案2(含解析)

介词2
【学习目标】介词在高考中的考点
【复习任务】1.学习重点：表示比较和除去的介词，with结构，易混介词，介词与其他词的搭配。

2. 2.学习难点：表示除去的介词的区别，with复合结构。

【问题导学】
六、表比较的介词：as, like, over, above等。

两者都可以表示"像……"as作连词，引导比较状语从句;从句中的动词或整个谓语部分往往可以省略。

as和like都可作介词，译为"像……一样"，但有区别:as侧重同一性，强调属同一类或完全相似;like侧重于比较，是比喻，并不意味着同一类或完全相似。

Then I made faces jumped like a monkey.接着我做鬼脸，并像猴子一样跳来跳去。

She spoke of me as her dearest friend.她谈起我就像我是她最亲密的朋友似的。

试比较:
Let me speak to you as a father. 让我作为一个父亲在同你讲话。

Let me speak to you like a father. 让我像一位父亲那样同你讲话。

七、表除去的介词：but, except, except for, besides等。

1．besides作"除了……以外，还有……"解，它强调部分包括在整体之内。

Everybody else laughed besides John. (John包括everybody之内) 除了约翰外，其它每个人都笑了。

2．but(prep.)作"除了……外"解，相当于except，but常与否定词next，last及部分形容词最高级连用后接名词、代词和不定式。

"
I did nothing but write a letter this morning。

今早晨除写了一封信外，我什么都没有做。

He wanted nothing but to have a chance to try it. 除了有机会试一试外，他别无所求。

注意:but后接不定式时，何时带to要依据前面动词是否有do而定。

即有do不带to，无do要带忙。

(看上述例如)
3．except作"除……以外"解，强调从整体中除去一部分，后可接名词、代词或从句。

多指对同类事物的排除。

Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. 除了林涛外，大家都到齐了。

4．except for作"除了……外，只……"解。

它强调从整体中排除一部分，是对主语的内容起到修正的作用，指对非同类事物的。

Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. (compositi on与mistakes不同类)你的作文写得很好，除了几处拼写错误。

八、with的复合结构
1．with+名词/代词+介词短语，在句中常作状语或定语。

And then I saw a lovely diamond necklace with a big blue stone in the centre. 后来，我看中了一条美丽的中间镶嵌着一颗很大的蓝宝石的钻石项链。

2.with+名词/代词+形容词，在句中常作状语。

It is bad manners to speak with your mouth full. 满嘴食物对别人讲话是不礼貌的。

He likes to sleep with the window open. 他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。

3. with+名词/代词+名词，在旬中作定语或状语。

He died with his son yet a school boy. 他死的时候，他的儿子还是一个学生。

4. with+名词/代词+现在分词，在句中常作状语。

其中现分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。

In parts of Asia, you mustn't sit with your feet pointing at another perso n. 在亚洲的某些地区，你不可以坐着把脚晓起来对着别人。

He fell asleep with his radio still working. 他睡着了，收音机还在响。

5.with+名词/代词+过去分词，在句中常作状语。

其中过去分词表示被动或完成了的动作。

With the problem solved, we all felt very happy。

问题解决了，我们都很高兴。

Peter stood for a moment with his hand still raised. 彼特举着手站了一会儿。

6. with+名词/代词·+动词不定式，在句中常作状语，其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。

With the teacher to help us, we will make greater progress. 在老师的帮助下，我们会取得更大的进步。

7．with+名词(代词)+副词，在句中常作状语。

He went out with no hat on. 他没戴帽子就出去了。

He had to go to bed with the film over. 电影放完了，他得去睡觉。

九、其他易混介词
1．表示"通过、经过"的介词across,through和over。

这三个介词across;over和through都可作"通过、穿过"解，但侧重点不同。

across的含义与on 有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的。

through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在某一物体的空间里进行的。

over表示动作在某物体的上方进行，译为"越过"。

It took them six weeks to walk across the great desert.他们花了六周时间才走过那大沙漠。

We can't travel through the forest by road.我们不能从陆路穿过森林。

"
Then we took off over a part of forest. 随后我们的飞机起飞了，飞过部分森林上空。

2．表示行为对象的at和to。

一般来讲，at同某些动词连用，常表示攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意;to若只表示方向，并无恶意可言。

I threw the ball to him and he threw it at the dog. 我把球扔给他，他用球向狗砸去。

3．between和among表示"在……之间"。

between表示"两者之间"，用among表示"三者或三者以上之间"。

She is standing among a crowd of students.她站在一群学生中间。

What's the difference between the two words?这两个词有什么不同?
注意：(1)在现代英语中，between有时也可用于三个以上的事物，特别是这些事物有清楚确切的位置时。

Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany. 瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。

(2)在divide，share后的状语是几个并列的单数名词时，用between。

He divided the apples between his son,his daughter,and his niece. 他把苹果分给了儿子、女儿和侄女。

(3)若后面的状语是复数名词时，可用between，也可用among。

He divided the apples between (among) his four children. 他把苹果分给了四个孩子。

(4)谈到事物之间的差别时，用between。

What's the difference between them? 他们有什么区别? (5)说到三者以上每两者之间的关系时，用between。

Understanding between nations is very important. 相互理解在国际间很重要。

4.in case, in that case, in any case, in no case, in case of sth., in the case of
in case表示"因为可能发生某事、以防万一"的意思，是介词短语，在句中作状语，常放在句尾；也可用作连词后跟that从句，表示条件或目的，从句谓语习惯于用"should+动词原形或陈述语气"。

It may rain——you'd better take an umbrella(just) in case (it does). 可能会下雨一一你最好带把雨伞以防万一。

in that case 表示"既然那样讲、若是那样的话" 用来承接上文。

In that case, you wouldn't have a pan on fire. You'd have a house on fir e!
要是那样，你就不只是使锅着火，你还会把房子烧起来。

in any case表示"无论如何、总之。

的意思。

In any case, it is rather unfair of him to do that. 不管怎样他那样做是不恰当的。

in no case表示"在任何情形下决不、无论如何都不"的意思，用于句首，句子要进行部分倒装。

In no case shall I forget the expression on her face. 我决不会忘记她脸上的表情。

in case of sth.表示"若发生某事;如果，假如"的意思，是短语介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 遇上火警时立刻按警铃。

In case of his being absent, we'll put off the meeting till next week.
如果他不来，我们就把会议推迟到下一周。

in the case of表示"至于，就……来说"的意思，是短语介词。

In the case of your debt, I'll pay it off for you. 至于你的欠款，我会替你还清的。

十、介词与其他词类的搭配
1. 介词与动词的搭配
laugh at 嘲笑…… look forward to 盼望…… depend on 依靠……
go on with 继续…… look for寻找……
worry about为……担心agree with 同意……ask for请求……
belong to属于……hear from 收到……的来信 listen to 听……
look after照料…… care for喜欢……;关心…… wait for等待……
leave for动身去…… answer for 对……负责 operate on 对……动手术
account for，说明……的原因aim at瞄准…… call on拜访某人
complain of抱怨……come across偶然遇见……deal with 处理……
consist of由……组成 engage in 从事于…… die of/from 死于……
live on 以……为生 insist on 坚持…… prepare for为……做准备
object to反对……put up with 忍受……prevent…from 阻止……
send for派人去请…… refer to指……;查阅…… suffer from 患……病
stand for 代表……
2. 介词与形容词、-ed分词搭配(用时加be的各种形式)
be full of充满……be absent from 缺席…… be afraid of害怕……
be keen on 渴望……be suitable for适合于……be good at擅长于……
be fond of喜欢…… be busy with 忙于…… be strict with对……要求严格
be sure of确信……be concerned about 关心… be proud of为……自豪
be content with 以……为满足be tired of厌倦……be interested in 对……感兴趣
3. 介词与名词的搭配
介词与名词的搭配有两种情况: 1)名词之前该用什么介词;2)名词之后该用什么介词。

on one's guard 警惕……with pleasure 高兴地for the sake of为了……
a victory over 对……的胜利 a struggle against 对……的斗争love for 对……热爱
attention to 注意……comment on 评论……key to ……的答案
interest in 对……的兴趣congratulation son 祝贺……confidence in 对……的信心
satisfaction with 对……满意by turns 轮流at the moment 此刻in time 及时
当堂检测
1.Your new suit will be ready _________ two days. A. in B. on C.
for D. over
2. The doctor will be free _________.
A. 10 minutes later
B. after 10 minutes
C. in 10 minutes
D. 10 mi nutes after
3. It happened to be very cold _________ the morning of our sports meet.
A. at
B.of
C.on
D.with
4. He suddenly returned ________ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in
D. during
5. They had a party _________ Christmas Eve. A. at B. in C. on
D. during
6. The town lies ________ the west of the lake. A. in B.in C . under D. by
7. Let's walk over______the shop on the other side of the street.A.in B.to
C.under
D.by8. Then, one of the five fighters sent a message back to the
town________ radio.
A. with
B. from
C. on
D. by
9. He has done everything ________ what I asked him to do.
A. beside
B. besides
C. except
D. accept
10. _________ his wife, his daughter also went to see him.
A. Beside
B. Besides
C. Except
D. Except for
11. Do you know any other foreign language _________ English?
A. except
B. but
C. beside
D. besides
12. Does John know any other foreign language _________ French?
A. except
B. but
C. besides
D. beside
13. The suit fitted him well _________ the color was a little brighter.
A. except for
B. except that
C. except when
D. beside s
14. I wanted two seats _________ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I ra ng
th e cinema to see if I could book two tickets. A. of B. about C , to D. for
15. This is a secret. Keep it _________ the two of us.
A. between
B. in
C. among
D. inside
问题反馈
参考答案：介词2.
1.A
2.C
3.C
4.A
5. C
6.D
7.B
8.D
9.C 10.B 11.D 12.
C 13. B 14.
D 15. A。