英语人教版高中必修二(2019新编)-Unit 1 Science and Scientists第

第三讲Grammar and Writing
目标导航
jing
Grammar——表语从句
用适当的连接词填空
①One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
②Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
③The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
④What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.
⑤What Snow was determined to find out was why the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days.
【自主发现】
1．在复合句中充当表语的从句称为表语从句。

这种从句往往是进一步对主句的主语进行解释说明。

2．引导表语从句的连接词有连接代词that如句①、句②、句③；that引导表语从句时，仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，不可省略；连接副词有how，why等，如句④、句⑤。

语法知识解析
一、连接词的用法
1．that引导的表语从句。

用法：①无意义②不充当句子成分③不可省略
The trouble is that she has lost his address.麻烦的是她弄丢了他的地址。

My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。

2．whether引导的表语从句。

用法：①表“是否”的意思②不充当句子成分③不可省略
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题仍然是他们能否帮我们。

3．连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which引导表语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

He is no longer what he was.他已经不再是以前的样子。

The problem is who is fit for this job.问题是谁适合做这个工作。

The problem is whose work is the best.问题是谁的工作是最好的。

4．连接副词where, when, why, how引导的表语从句，在句中充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语成分。

The problem is how we can find him.问题是我们如何找到他。

That’s where you are wrong.那就是你不对的地方。

5．because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。

He looked as if he was going to smile.他看上去好像要微笑。

That’s because you can’t appreciate music.那是因为你不会欣赏音乐。

二、注意事项
1．why和because引导的表语从句的区别。

)
我没有给她打电话。

那就是她生我气的原因。

I didn’t phone her，and that’s because I got angry with her.(强调没打电话的原因) 我没有给她打电话。

那是因为我生她的气了。

2．reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因时，后面的表语从句表示原因时，要用that来引导，而不是because。

The reason why he was absent from work was that he was ill.他没来上班的原因是他病了。

3．表语从句中的虚拟语气。

在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略，但不可换成would)。

My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天早出发。

补全句子
①The bottom line is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids．
底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。

②The question is whether the film is worth seeing．
问题是这部电影是否值得看。

③Now it seems as though/if she had known Millie for years.
现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。

④My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。

分层练习
一.单句语法填空
1．—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that you had a few days off?
2．One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
3．What the doctors really doubt is my mother will defeat the serious illness.
4．You are saying that everyone has already had equal rights, and this is I disagree.
5．It is raining so hard and it looks it will last long.
6．That Jimmy won the presidency once again was many people hadn’t expected.
7．How could we live without the Internet? That’s most of us keep in touch with each other.
8．No one dislikes having weekends.That’s on Saturdays and Sundays we can do whatever we like.
9．As is well known to all, the Spring Festival is the family are reunited and celebrate the new year.
10．He is not the best candidate for the position.So the problem is we can get to replace him.
11．I read about it in some book or another, but what I don’t know is book it is.
【答案】1.why 2.that 3.whether 4.where 5.as if/though6.what 7.how 8.because 9.when 10. who/whom
二.补全句子
1．My suggestion is ．我的建议是我们应该告诉他。

2．The question is ．问题是我们应当相信谁。

3．The problem is ．问题是我们如何找到他。

4．The question is ．问题是他什么时候能到。

5．This is ．这就是我想要的。

【答案】1.that we should tell him2.who/whom we should trust3.how we can find him4.when he will come5.what I want
三.语法填空
One of the premier medical 1. (scientist)in the 21st century is Zhong Nanshan.Born in 1936 and 2. (graduate) from Peking University Health Science Center, this ordinary but great man has been working in the medical field for
over 40 years.He is a good doctor in the patients’ eyes and 3.kind medical professor in his students’ as well.
In 2003, SARS broke 4. in China and across the globe.Zhong Nanshan not only led but also 5. (take) an active part in the battle against SARS.At that time most people had no 6. (nature)defense against the disease.Dangerous
7. it was, Zhong Nanshan worked hard treating SARS patients.Meanwhile he underlined the fact 8. teamwork among nations could save lives.Through 9. (they) several months’ hard work, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved remarkable achievements.Soon SARS 10. (wipe) out.In 2020, he won the Medal of the Republic.
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。

文章主要介绍了医学专家钟南山的生平以及他的主要成就。

1．scientists【解析】考查名词的数。

one of后接复数名词。

故填scientists。

2．graduating【解析】考查非谓语动词。

动词graduate与其逻辑主语this ordinary but great man之间构成主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作状语。

故填graduating。

3．a【解析】考查冠词。

此处表示泛指，结合空后的kind可知，应用不定冠词a。

故填a。

4．out【解析】考查固定短语。

根据语境可知，此处表示2003年，SARS在中国爆发并扩散至全球。

break out意为“爆发”，符合语境，故填out。

5．took【解析】考查动词的时态。

本句中not only...but also...连接并列的谓语，根据led可知，此处应用一般过去时。

故填took。

6．natural【解析】考查形容词。

名词defense前应用形容词修饰。

故填natural，表示“天然的”。

7．as/though【解析】考查连词。

根据语境可知，此处表示尽管危险，但钟南山努力工作，治疗SARS病人。

此处形容词Dangerous位于句首构成倒装语序，所以用连词as/though引导让步状语从句。

故填as/though。

8．that【解析】考查同位语从句。

分析句子结构可知．设空处引导同位语从句，解释名词fact，所以用that。

9．their【解析】考查代词。

名词work前应用形容词性物主代词修饰。

故填their。

10．was wiped【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。

动词短语wipe out与句子主语SARS之间是被动关系，且事情发生在2003年，所以应用一般过去时的被动语
态。

故填was wiped。

Writing——评论科学精神的文章
一、写作分析
评论科学精神是新课程标准中的写作要求之一，是对人物外貌、个性、主要事迹及贡献进行描述和说明。

二、篇章结构
首先，对此人进行简要的介绍，比如生平、事迹、职业等。

其次，挑选出此人一生中比较重要的事迹进行描写，要尽可能详细，因为这影响人们对他的整体评价。

最后，对此人进行客观的评价，包括其人格、贡献以及闪光点的评价。

一、常用词汇
1．serve the people heart and soul全心全意为人民服务
2．share sorrow as well as happiness with sb
与某人同甘共苦
3．lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活
4．be enthusiastic about... 对……有热情
5．be qualified for 适合；胜任
6．think highly of 对……高度评价
7．have a gift/talent for 对……有天赋
8．be strict with 对……严格要求
9．make great contributions to 对……做出巨大贡献
10．devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
11．make a difference 有影响；有重要作用
12．be gifted at 对……有天赋
13．be good at 擅长……
二、常用句式
1．介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩
①During her career life，she obtained 132 championships, including 4 Olympic championships.
在她的职业生涯中，她获得了132次冠军，其中包括4次奥运会冠军。

②When he was still a boy, he showed great interest in literature.
当他还是个孩子的时候，他对文学表现出极大的兴趣。

③He/She is good at spoken English and even better at using computers.
他/她擅长英语口语，更擅长使用电脑。

④Her story tells us that we should value what we have，and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life.
她的故事告诉我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的并努力克服生活中的任何困难。

2．介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价
①He became famous for his new theory.他因他的新理论而出名。

②People came to love him as an inspiring leader.人们开始喜欢他这个鼓舞人心的领袖。

③We regard him as our model.我们把他当作我们的榜样。

④Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.雷锋因其共产主义精神而受到赞扬。

⑤Not only should we show respect for the great scientists, but also we should learn the scientific spirits from them.
我们不仅要尊重这些伟大的科学家，而且要学习他们的科学精神。

⑥It is because of the scientific spirits that the great scientists have made such outstanding achievements.
正是因为科学精神，这些伟大的科学家才取得了如此杰出的成就。

单元写作
通过本单元的学习，我们了解到两位伟大科学家的事迹，以及他们取得的卓越成就。

同时，我们也意识到是科学精神成就了他们的杰出贡献。

假设你校下个月要举行科技节，现面向全体学生征文，请用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，谈谈你对科学精神的见解。

1．科学精神应包括一些非常宝贵的品质，如专心致志、坚持不懈、永不放弃、创造力等等；
2．正是因为这些精神，科学家们得以取得如此卓越的成就；
3．钱学森、袁隆平等都在自己的领域做出了突出的贡献；
4．作为学生，我们应该把这些科学精神应用于学习中，以实现我们的目标；5．生活中，我们也要向这些伟大的科学家学习他们的科学精神，来处理我们遇到的困难和问题。

注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第一步审题谋篇
1．在我看来，科学精神包括一些高尚的品质。

As far as I’m concerned, scientific spirits include some noble qualities.
2．多亏了科学精神，伟大的科学家们取得了许多突出的成就。

Thanks to the scientific spirits, the great scientists have made many outstanding achievements.
3．没有钱学森在导弹和火箭方面全心全意的工作，中国就不会在短时间内成为世界上一个如此强大的国家。

Without Qian Xuesen’s devoted work on missiles and rockets, China wouldn’t have become such a powerful country/so powerful a country in the world in a short time. 4．在日常生活中，我们也要向这些伟大的科学家学习他们的科学精神，来处理我们遇到的困难和问题。

In our daily life, we can also learn the scientific spirits from the great scientists to handle the difficulties and problems we meet with.
第三步词句升级
1．用强调句型改写句2
It is thanks to the scientific spirits that the great scientists have made many outstanding achievements.
2．把句3改写为一个含有if条件从句的主从复合句
If it had not been for Qian Xuesen’s devoted work on m issiles and rockets, China wouldn’t have become so powerful a country in the world in a short time.
第四步连句成篇
As far as I am concerned, scientific spirits include some noble qualities, such as devotion，persistence, never giving－up and creativity.
It is thanks to the scientific spirits that the great scientists have made many outstanding achievements.For instance, if it had not been for Qian Xuesen’s devoted work on missiles and rockets, China wouldn’t have become so powerful a country in the world in a short time.Similarly, the hybrid rice that Dr.Yuan developed has decreased the number of the hungry people around the world.Their contributions can’t be ignored.So we should show respect for the great scientists and learn the scientific spirits from them.
Besides, as students, if we can apply the scientific spirits to our study, we will certainly achieve what we want.In our daily life, we can also learn the scientific spirits from the great scientists to handle the difficulties and problems we meet with.
随堂练习
假设你是李华，你校英语刊物开办专栏Great Scientists，请你根据下表信息给该专栏写一篇100词左右的英语短文来介绍为中国的能源、地震预测等做出巨大贡献的“中国地质学之父”——李四光先生。

参考词汇：地质学geology伯明翰大学University of Birmingham
【参考范文】
Born on October 26, 1889 in Huanggang, Hubei Province, Li Siguang is called the Father of Geology in China.In October, 1913 he received advanced education in the University of Birmingham, where he mastered English.In the 1920s, he taught in Beijing University.As a great scientist, he made lots of research on China’s energy，earthquakes, etc.He loved his motherland and whatever difficulties he ran into, he never gave up.Unfortunately, he died of illness on April 29，1971.
Li Siguang’s scientific spirit of seeking truth, careful attitude and innovative thinking impresses us a lot today.He will always be remembered for his great contributions to the construction of China.
培优拔尖练
A
Artificial intelligence (AI), 5G wireless technology and electric and self－driving vehicles are the stars of the 2020 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada.The show, opened on Tuesday, is one of the world’s largest and most influential technology exhibitions.
According to the Consumer Technology Association, the event organizer, more than 4，500 exhibitors came from around 160 countries.There are around 20，000 new tech products on display in 36 product categories.Hundreds of companies are showing off their latest creations.Among the categories, streaming services, 5G connectivity and AI－enabled devices are the growth leaders.
While the Internet of things (IoT) has set the pace for the market over the past decade, this year the industry is different.
“We are increasingly facing an entirely new IoT，the intelligence of things，”said Steve Koenig, the association’s vice－president of research.
“5G is one of those technologies that are really powering the intelligence of things，”Koenig said.“The st ory of 5G will continue to unfold as we move forward throughout the decade.” According to the association, 2020 will see double－digit growth in the number of 5G smartphones sold and revenue (收益) generated.
“This year is ‘the first year to support 5G－enabled smartphones’”，said Lesley Rohrbaugh, director of research for the group.“By 2022, two－thirds of the mobile phone market will switch from a 4G focus to 5G，” she said.
The trend is evident at the electronics show, with companies launching 5G－related devices.TCL, the Guangdong－based TV maker, was to launch its first 5G smartphone on Monday.The company said it will sell for under US$500.Lenovo is working with Qualcomm for its first 5G computer, the Yoga 5G, set for release this spring.
During Qualcomm’s news conference on Monday, company president Cristiano Amon gave an ambitious estimate about the application of 5G in 2020, saying that 200 million 5G smartphones will be launched this year.
More than 45 operators globally have already deployed (配置) 5G, Amon said.In October，2019, China’s three major mobile operators launched 5G service plans and made them available in dozens of cities.
But 5G is not the only star at the show.“You are going to see AI throughout the entire show，”Rohrbaugh said.
1．According to Koenig, why is the IoT different this year?
A．It faces some new challenges.
B．The nature of it has changed.
C．It requires more advanced technologies.
D．It can no longer satisfy customers’needs.
2．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Streaming services can maximize economic growth.
B．5G products will create more value for companies.
C．5G smartphone sales are expected to achieve double－digit growth in 2020. D．5G－enabled smartphones are more expensive than 4G－enabled ones. 3．What would be a suitable title for this passage?
A．The Importance of 5G Technology
B．New IoT—Intelligence of Things
C．Advanced Technologies Shine at Expo in Las Vegas
D．The Las Vegas Expo Promotes Technological Progress
【语篇解读】行业专家表示，人工智能、5G无线技术、电动汽车和自动驾驶汽车是在内华达州拉斯维加斯举行的2020年消费电子展上的主角。

让我们一起去文中看看吧！
1.B【解析】细节理解题。

根据第四段的“We are increasingly facing...the association’s vice－president of research.可知，该协会负责研究的副总裁史蒂夫·柯尼格表示：“我们正日益面临一种全新的物联网，即物的智能。

”故B项表述正确。

2.C【解析】细节理解题。

根据第五段中的According to the association...and revenue (收益) generated.该协会表示，2020年，5G智能手机的销量和营收将实现两位数增长。

因此C项表述正确。

3.C【解析】标题判断题。

本文主要向我们介绍了拉斯维加斯消费电子展上呈现的先进技术——人工智能、5G无线技术和流媒体服务等。

因此C项表述最适合。

故选C项。

B
Redefined Meat, an Israeli company, recently created the world’s first 3D－printed steak called Alt－Steak.
Using its own 3D－printing technology，Redefined Meat has been able to create a meatless steak that features the appearance and taste of the real thing. The company was apparently able to achieve all this by working with chefs, food technologists and Swiss flavor company Givaudan. The Alt－Steak is created by mixing Redefined Meat’s Alt－Muscle, Alt－Fat，and Alt－Blood plant－based formulations (配方)in several layers. The end result is a high－protein，cholesterol－free (零胆固醇的) steak that looks，cooks and tastes like real meat.
“The importance of using 3D－printing technology to achieve texture (质地), color and flavor—and the combinations between them—cannot be overstated.By using separate formulations for muscle, fat and blood, we can focus on each individual aspect of creating the perfect Alt－Steak product，”Eshchar Ben－Shitrit，CEO of Redefined Meat, said.
“Since day one of the company, we have been working on creating a tasty and affordable plant－based alternative to steaks，”Eshchar Ben－Shitrit added.
“In order to ensure that a lot of people accepted and welcomed it, we knew that creating an alternative meat product that was both high in quality and nutritional composition would require new technologies and production processes never seen before in the food industry.”
Alt－Steak is described as an “extremely complicated food” where protein, fats, natural colors and flavors and more are arranged in a precise manner to make them perform like the equivalent (相同的) elements in a cow’s muscle.However, this alternative meat product comes with the advantage that it can be produced much faster than the real thing.
To promote its alternative steak, Redefined Meat recently invited Israeli chef Assaf Granit for a tasting. Granit said that the taste of Alt－Steak was “almost identical” to the original, adding that, in his opinion, eight out of ten people wouldn’t be able to tell the difference between a real steak and an Alt－Steak.
1．What is the main feature of Alt－Steak?
A．It is full of protein and cholesterol.
B．It has high quality and nutrition.
C．It is cheaper than a real steak.
D．It can be made into different colors.
2．How did the company promote its Alt－Steak?
A．It published an article about the Alt－Steak in a newspaper.
B．It gave free samples to some restaurants.
C．It held an eating competition in the city.
D．It invited a chef to taste and comment on its Alt－Steak.
3．What can be concluded about the company Redefined Meat from the text?
A．It created the alternative steak on its own.
B．It is the only company that has created the 3D－printed steak.
C．It worked on an alternative steak from the first day.
D．It produces the 3D printers at the same time.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Difference Between a Real Steak and a Fake One
B．How to Fulfill the Demand of Vegetarians
C．The World’s First 3D－Printed Meatless Steak
D．The Importance of 3D－Printing Technology
【语篇解读】Redefined Meat公司用自己最新的技术制作出了3D打印牛排。

1.B【解析】细节理解题。

根据文章第四段．..was both high in quality and nutritional composition...可知这种3D打印牛排质量和营养俱佳，故B项正确。

2.D【解析】细节理解题。

根据文章尾段的内容可知为了推销这种牛排，Redefined Meat请主厨Assaf Granit品尝了这种牛排，并给出了评价，故D项正确。

3.C【解析】推理判断题。

根据文章第四段Since day one of the company，we have been working on creating a tasty and affordable plant－based alternative to steaks...可知Redefined Meat公司自成立第一天就开始研究牛排的替代品，故C项正确。

4.C【解析】文章标题题。

通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了Redefined Meat公司制作出的3D打印牛排的一些相关情况，如它的生产过程，同真正的牛排在各方面的比较，名厨对它的评价等等，故C项正确。

二.七选五
One of my earliest memories was watching my mom talk on our old phone.I was fascinated that she could talk to someone who wasn’t actually in the room with her. 1 I was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldn’t see.
That was a long time ter, we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room. 2 These days I can send an e－mail around the world in a second.My daug hter’s smart phone has a hundred apps and a dozen social media accounts.She stores all of her information in a mysterious place known as “the cloud disk”，where she can take it out at any time.It seems that we are more connected in this world than ever before.
3 Few spend time talking face to face.Instead of looking into the eyes of our loved ones, we store their photos at our screens.It seems that the most connected generations are also the loneliest.
Don’t let technology take our time and ruin our life.Make the time to communicate with each other.Take a walk on the beach with a friend.Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on. 4
Remember that we are here to love each other，help each other and make this world a better place. 5 But when it can’t, turn it off.
A．Connect offline as well as online.
B．Then came computers and smart phones.
C．Smart phones have both advantages and disadvantages.
D．We should communicate with each other with phones off.
E．When your communication equipment can help to do these things, then use it. F．However, what bothers me is that we rarely associate with each other nowadays. G．When she left the room, I slowly walked over to the phone and stared at it for a while.
【语篇解读】本文讲述了一种社会现象：人们过多地使用电子通信设备，而忽视了人与人之间面对面的交流。

因此作者建议适时关掉电子通信设备，与家人和朋友面对面地谈心。

1．G【解析】由空后的“I was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldn’t see”可知，“我”对妈妈使用电话感到好奇，这与G项“当她离开房间的时候，我慢慢地走到电话旁边并盯着电话看了一会儿”相一致，故选G。

2．B【解析】由空前的“Later，we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room”及空后的“My daughter’s smart phone”可知，这里讲了电子通信设备的发展：出现了移动电话，接着出现了电脑和智能手机，故选B。

3．F【解析】由空后的“Few spend time talking face to face...the most connected generations are also the loneliest”可知，如今很少有人花时间进行面对面的交流，这与F项“然而，让我烦恼的是，如今我们很少与彼此联系”相一致，故选F。

4．A【解析】由空前的“Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on”可知，这里的意思是要经常面对面地交流，就和在线交流一样，故选A。

5．E【解析】由上文和空后的“But when it can’t，turn it off”可推知，这里指当你的通信设备可以帮助做这些事情的时候，就使用它，故选E。

三．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang’e－4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—1.____________(touch) down last week in the South Pole－Aitken nding on the moon’s far side is 2.____________(e xtreme) challenging.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a
probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3.____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 4.____________(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so 5.____________ the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e－4 6.____________(find) and study areas of the South Pole－Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it 7.____________(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8.____________(construct)．”Data about the moon’s composition，such as how 9.____________ ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether 10.____________(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功软着陆，中国成为第一个使用探测器在月球背面软着陆的国家。

1．touched【解析】考查时态。

句子主语是the unmanned Chang’e－4 probe，谓语动词是touch。

根据时间状语last week可判断用一般过去时。

touch down意为“(飞机等)降落，着陆”。

2．extremely【解析】考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。

修饰形容词challenging应用extreme的副词形式extremely。

3．where【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。

分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a spot，且所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。

4．interest【解析】考查词性转换(形容词变名词)。

此处是“be of＋名词”结构，be of interest to sb意为“对某人有吸引力”。

5．than【解析】考查more...than...的用法。

根据前面的比较级more可知，此处是将the far side of the moon和the familiar near side进行比较，故填than。

6．to find【解析】考查非谓语动词(不定式)。

use sth to do sth表示“用某物做某事”，不定式表示目的。

7．means【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。

根据直接引语中的excites可判断用一般现在时；主语是it，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

8．is constructed【解析】考查时态和语态。

整句话的时态为一般现在时，且the moon与construct(组成，构成)之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

9．much【解析】考查how much的用法。

此处意为“它含有多少冰和其他宝藏”，所填词修饰ice，故用much。

10．its【解析】考查代词。

所填词修饰后面的plans，故填it的形容词性物主代词形式its。