Unit 3

3) 派生规律 由一个词根加上相应的词缀可以派生出名词、形容词、 副词等，掌握派生规律对扩充词汇有很大帮助。例如：
interest 可以派生出： uninteresting
interest — interesting — interestingly interested — uninterested
前缀 misnonreun-
含义 错误地 不, 非 再, 重复 不
例词 mislead, misunderstand non-smoker, non-native rewrite, retell unable, unhappy, unpopular
2) 常见后缀
后缀 -er, -or
-ian -ing
the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow.
构词法
1. 合成法 将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合在一起构成新词 的方法叫做合成法。合成法是一种比较灵活的构词方法，可 以合成名词、形容词、副词、代词、动词等。例如：
afternoon, sportsman, blackboard, sportsperson, newspaper, airplane, classmate, grandfather等就是通过合成构词法构成 的名词；kind-hearted, middle-aged, hard-working 等为合成 形容词；however, maybe, himself, everyone, nothing, overlook等也都是通过合成法构成的单词。
active, expensive
careless, helpless, homeless, useless
后缀 -ly -ous -teen -th -ty
-ly
功能 构成 形容词
构成数词
构成副词
例词 friendly, lovely, monthly, weekly dangerous, famous eighteen, fifteen, seventeen fifteenth, fifth, fortieth, seventh forty, sixty, twenty badly, carefully, carelessly, happily, quickly
their crops. 4. If everyone starts to do something, the world will be saved.
5. We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day, and it is harmful to our environment.
_h_o_p_e_f_u_l__.
Complete the table.
Noun Verb
Adjective
Adverb
use
use useful/useless usefully/uselessly
hope hope hopeful/hopeless
pollution water waste
—
pollute polluted/unpolluted
She was hopeful that her new job would make her more successful. 1. The factory _p_o_l_lu_t_e_d_ the river, and the fish died. 2. We often walk in the countryside. It is a(n) __u_s_u_a_l__ activity for us. 3. Do not use so much water. It is very _w__a_s_te_f_u_l_. 4. To keep the flowers growing, you need to __w__a_te_r_ them once a day.
The girl in black looks very beautiful. 那个穿黑衣服的女孩看上去很漂亮。
Make new words. Join the parts of words in Box A with the words in Box B. You need to use some of the parts more than once.
1. Polluted water is __u_n_h_e_a_lt_h_y___. 2. It is _w__a_s_te_f_u_l_ to throw so much food away. 3. If you look after things well, you may __r_e_u_s_e__ some of
6. Do not waste things. 7. Repeat these three words daily: reduce, reuse and recycle. 8. Before you buy something new, think whether it is really
necessary because maybe old one is just as good! 9. …but let’s take these simple steps today so that we will save
Module 12
To summarise and consolidate the rules of word building
Reuse means “_u_s_e_a_g_a_i_n_”. Though pollution is heavy now, I don’t think it’s hopeless.
Play the guessing game English for Fun.
1. full of care
___c_a_re_f_u_l____
2. can be collected __c_o_l_le_c_t_a_b_l_e_
3. full of hope
___h_o_p_e_f_u_l___
4. without any hope ___h_o_p_e_l_es_s___
5. not possible
__i_m_p__o_ss_i_b_le__
6. not usual
___u_n_u_s_u_a_l___
7. without any use ___u_s_e_le_s_s____
8. use again
— I think we’d better finish the talk now. 我想我们最好现在结束谈话。
2) 名词转化为动词 She gave me a cup of water. 她给了我一杯水。
You should water the flowers twice a day. 你应该每天给这些花浇两次水。 3) 形容词转化为名词 She was wearing a black dress. 她穿着一条黑色的裙子。
Do you know the meanings of these words?
one word
+
one word
one new compound
word
Can you list more compound words?
Observe the following sentences carefully. And pay attention to the words in red.
___r_e_u_s_e_____
9. not wanted
__u_n_w__a_n_te_d___
10. making a lot of waste __w__a_st_e_f_u_l ___
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
hopeful impossible reuse unhealthy wasteful
Complete the sentences.
A lunchbox is a box that you keep your lunch in.
1. A _p_o_s_tc_a_r_d__ is a card that you write on one side of and send to someone by post.
-ist
功能 构成名词
例词 teacher, worker, visitor musician building, painting, shopping, meaning artist, scientist
后缀 -ment -ness
-th
-tion
-ty
功能 构成名词
例词 agreement, government coldness, happiness, illness truth, warmth competition, education, information, invitation activity, safety
them later. 4. It is __im__p_o_s_si_b_l_e_ to clean up the whole river in such a short
time. 5. If we pay attention to pollution now, the future will be
2. 派生法 通过在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个新词的 方法叫作派生法。 要通过派生法理解和记忆单词, 要掌握常见的前缀和后缀及 派生规律。
1) 常见前缀
前缀 disen-
含义 不 使……处于某种状态
im-, in- 不
inter- 在……之间, 相互
例词 disagree, dislike enable, enrich impossible, impatient, inexpensive international, interconnect
后缀 -able, -ible
-al
-ful -ive -less
功能
例词
comfortable, eatable, enjoyable, possible,
environmental, international, 构成形容词 national, traditional
careful, helpful, useful
A –able -ful im- -less re- un-
B care collect hope possible use usual wanted waste
collectable, usable, careful, hopeful, useful, wasteful, impossible, careless, hopeless, useless, reuse, unusual, unwanted
help 可以派生出： helpless — helplessly
help — helpful — helpfully
able 可以派生出： enable
able unable ability disable
3. 转化法 构词法中把一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变的方法 称作转化法。常见的转化有： 1) 动词转化为名词 — Let’s talk about it more. 咱们再谈谈这件事吧。
1. Reuse means “use again”. 2. Though pollution is heavy now, I don’t think it’s hopeless. 3. If the rivers are polluted, farmers can’t use the water for
water
—
waste wasteful/wasted
—
usual/
unusual
hopefully/ hopelessly
— — wastefully
usually/ unusually
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.