应用化学专业英语及答案B

黄冈师范学院
2009—2010学年度第一学期期末试卷
考试课程：专业英语考核类型：考试B卷
考试形式：闭卷出卷教师：杨一思
考试专业：化学考试班级：应用化学200701 一、Translate the following into English（36 points）
1.酰基化
2.氯化氢
3.氧化还原
4.卤代
5.烯烃
6.过氧化物
7.电子受体
8.电子供体
9.二氧化硫
10.质谱
11.碎片
12.光谱学
13浓度
14.电磁
15.伯自由基
16.氧化镁
17.立体化学
18.溴化物
二、Translation the following into chinese （48 points）
1. Advanced ceramics, also known as engineering or technical ceramics, refer to materials which exhibit superior mechanical properties, corrosion/oxidation resistance, and thermal, electrical, optical or magnetic properties.
Advanced ceramics are generally broken down into the following segments: structural ceramics, electrical and electronic ceramics, ceramics coatings, chemical processing and environmental ceramics.
Structural ceramics include applications such as industrial wear parts, bioceramics, cutting tools, and engine components. Electronic ceramics, which have the largest share of the advanced ceramic market includes capacitors, insulators, substrates, integrated circuits packages, piezoelectrics, magnets and superconductors. Ceramic coatings find application in engine components, cutting tools, and industrial wear parts. The applications under chemical processing and environmental ceramics include filters, membranes, catalysts, and catalyst supports.
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2. In the same way, resonance theory says that benzene can’t be described satisfactorily by a single line-bind structure but is instead a resonance hybrid .of two forms. Benzene doesn’t oscillate back and forth between two forms; its true structure is somewhere between the two. Each carbon-carbon connection is an average of 1.5 bonds, midway between a single bond and a double bond
3. Recall that an inductive effect is due to an electronegativity difference between the ring and the attached substituent, while a resonance effect is due to orbital overlap between a p orbital on the ring and a p orbital on the substituent.
三、Fill in the blank with the given expressions. （16 points）
A)activated carbon, silica gel, and alumina
B)adsorption and with regligible loss of other materials
C)isotherms
D)usually weak and reversible
E)bind strongly
F)effects on adsorption are profound
G)molecules or particles to a solid surface
H)little variation in temperature
Adsorption
Adsorption is the binding of 1 , which must be distinguished from absorption. The binding to the surface is 2 . But compounds with color and those that have taste or odor tend to 3 . Compounds that contain chromogenic groups (atomic arrangements that vibrate at frequencies in the visible spectrum)very often are strongly adsorbed on activated carbon. Decolorization can be wonderfully efficient by 4 .
The most common industrial adsorbents are 5 , because they present enormous surface with high adsorptive capacity.
Temperature 6 , and measurements are usually at a constant temperature. Graphs of the data are called 7 . Most steps using adsorbents have 8 .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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黄冈师范学院
2009—2010学年度第一学期期末试卷
参考答案及评分标准
考试课程：专业英语考核类型：考试B卷
考试形式：闭卷出卷教师：杨一思
考试专业：化学考试班级：应用化学200701班一、Translate the following into English（36 points）
1. acylate
2.hydrogen chloride
3.redox
4.halogenation
5.alkene
6.peroxide
7.electron acceptor
8.electron donor
9.sulphur dioxide
10.mass spectra
11.fraction
12.spectroscopy
13.concentration
14.electromagnet
15. primary radical
16. magnesium oxide
17. stereochemistry
18.bromide
二、Translation the following into chinese （48 points）
1．同样，共振理论认为仅用线形键来解释苯的结构并不令人满意，而共振杂化理论提出的两种杂化形式同时存在的观点却能很好地说明苯的结构。

苯不是在两种形式之间来回摆动，它的真实结构是介于两种形式之间。

每一个碳碳连接介于1.5个键之间，处于单键和双键之间的中间状态。

（10points）
2．高级陶瓷，以工程或技术陶瓷最为著名，指的是某些材料表现出优越的机械性能，，耐腐蚀和氧化，具有热力学，电学，光学性质和磁性。

高级陶瓷通常被分为以下几种：结构陶瓷、电学和电子陶瓷、陶瓷涂层、化学和环境陶瓷。

结构陶瓷应用与工业耐磨部件，生物陶瓷，切割工具，发动机零件。

电子陶瓷占据了高级陶瓷市场上的最大份额，包括电容器，绝缘体，基体，集成电路包装，压电，磁
铁和超导体。

陶瓷涂层应用与发动机部件，切割工具和工业耐磨部件。

应用于化学处理和环境的陶瓷包括过滤器，膜，催化剂和催化剂载体。

（30 points）
3.回顾以往所讲可知，诱导效应是由于苯环和所连接取代基的电负性不同所致，而共振效应是由于苯环的p轨道和取代基的P轨道相互重叠所致。

（8points）
三、Fill in the blank with the given expressions.（16 points）
G D E B A F C H。