(完整版)北师大四年级数学下册小数乘法简便计算
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(完整版)北师⼤四年级数学下册⼩数乘法简便计算
四年级下册⼩数练习题
⼀、脱式计算,能简算的要简算。
7.8×1.3+0.9 48-1.8×24 0.25×0.46×0.4
2.5×1.3+0.9
3.8×41-3.8 (4+0.4)×2.5
0.27×3.8+0.27×6.2 2.9×100.1 27.5×101-27.5
40×0.63×0.25 3.62×25.7+3.62×74.3 0.25×4.87×4
18.8+23.6+26.4 10.95-3.74-4.26 95.59-(9.59+12.78)
25.6-(0.23+5.6)-1.77 13.75-(4.75+6.48) 7.83+2.34-0.83+6.66 3.82+2.9+0.18+9.1 5.93+0.19+2.81 25.48-((9.4-0.52)
3.07-0.38-1.62 35.6-1.8-15.6-7.2 7.3+2.7-7.3+2.7 48.4+2.78+51.6-0.78 23.4+0.8-13.4-7.2
4.8+8.63+
5.2+0.37
3.25+2.76+1.75 1.27+3.9+0.73+15.1 5.84-1.8-3.2 132.44-(58.74+19.44) 7.5+
4.8-6.5
7.14-0.53-2.47 13.75-(3.75+6.48) 13.45-4.68+2.55 47.8-7.45+8.2 36.8-4.5+6.98 49.8-9.6+8.8 15.2-6.8-3.45 1.76+0.65+3.24
0.134+2.66+0.8 7.5+4.9-6.3 3.45+1.79+0.65 4.85+8.63+0.37
1.76+3.44+0.35 36.54-1.76-8.66 8-
2.45-1.02 2
3.4+3.4-0.23 6.02+3.6+1.98 3.07-0.38-1.62 7.5+
4.9-6.5 36.8-3.9-6.88 3.285+1.79+0.59 23.4-0.8+13.4 32+4.9-8.6 1.29+3.7+2.71
5.93+0.49+2.06 9-2.45-1.65 21+0.56+11.3 64.89-7.88-13.6
⼆、能简便的要简便计算。
12.5×8.2×8 0.23×1.4+0.23×8.6
0.125×(80+0.8) 0.4×0.16×2.5
5.6×101 7.85×99 1.15×99+1.15
16.2×101-16.2 45×0.78+5.5×7.8
2.8+7.2×0.81 0.34×2.5×0.4 1.25×11×4×0.8
8.93×5.7+8.93×3.3+8.93 4.82×102
0.7×0.46+0.7×0.54 5.6-4.34+7.346 85.7-(15.3-4.8)
25.4-(15.3+7.7) 3.6-1.28+3.09 3.8-0.46-1.723
25.6-(0.23+5.6)-1.77 13.75-(4.75+6.48) 7.83+2.34-0.83+6.66 3.8 2+2.9+0.18+9.1
25.48-((9.4-0.52) 35.6-1.8-15.6-7.2 5.93+0.19+2.81
7.3+2.7-7.3+2.7 3+5.2+0.37 3.07-0.38-1.62
48.4+2.78+51.6-0.78 23.4+0.8-13.4-7.2 4.8+8.6
1.27+3.9+0.73+15.1 5.84-1.8-3.2 13
2.44-(58.74+19.44)
7.5+4.8-6.5 13.45-4.68+2.55
3.25+2.76+1.75 13.75-(3.75+6.48) 7.14-0.53-2.47
47.8-7.45+8.2 36.8-4.5+6.98 49.8-9.6+8.8
15.2-6.8-3.45 3.45+1.79+0.65 3.45+1.79+0.65
1.76+0.65+3.24 0.134+
2.66+0.8 7.5+4.9-6.3 4.85+8.63+0.37
1.76+3.44+0.35 36.54-1.76-8.66
3.45+1.79+0.65 7.5+
4.9-6.5
23.4+3.4-0.23 6.02+3.6+1.98 3.07-0.38-1.62
36.8-3.9-6.88 3.285+1.79+0.59 23.4-0.8+13.4
1.29+3.7+
2.71 21+0.56+11.3 32+4.9-8.6
5.93+0.49+2.06 9-2.45-1.65
⼀、乘法交换律
b c a c b a ??=??
0.25×8.5×4 12.5×0.96×0.8 0.25×0.73×4 0.25×16.2×4
⼆乘法结合律
)()(b c a c b a ??=??
4.36×12.5×8 0.95×0.25×4 35×0.2×0.5 0.75×50×0.4
三、乘法分配律
c b c a c b a ?±?=?±)(
(1.25-0.125)×8 (20-4)×0.25 (2+0.4)×5 (125+2.5)×0.8
四、乘法分配律逆应⽤
)(c b a c a b a ±=?±?
3.72×3.5+6.28×3.5 15.6×2.1-15.6×1.1 3.83×
4.56+3.83×
5.44 7.09×10.8-0.8×7.09 27.5×3.7-7.5×3.7 3.9×2.7+3.9×7.3
10.6×0.35-9.6×0.35 7.6×0.8+0.2×7.6
五、把其中⼀个因数分成两个数的和或差,再按乘法分配律
0.8×100.1 0.79×99 0.85×199 3.65×10.1
4.6×0.9 0.65×101 4.8×10.1 3.6×102
0.39×199 8.9×1.01 0.32×403 3.65×10.1
0.85×9.9 0.65×101
六、拆分因数
1.25×
2.5×32
3.2×0.25×12.5 0.25×36 25×
4.4 8.8×1.25
七、添加因数“1”
56.5×99+56.5 9.7×99+9.7 4.2×99+4.2 5.4×11-5.4
1.87×9.9+0.187 1
2.7×9.9+1.27
⼋、更改因数的⼩数点位置
6.66×3.3+66.6×67 46×57+23×86 4.8×
7.8+78×0.52 3.14×0.68+31.4×0.032 101×0.87-0.91×87 3.65×4.7 -36.5×0.37 2.3×16+2.3×23+2.3 314×0.043+3.14×7.2-31.4×0.15
5×1.03×0.2 32×1.25 0.45×99 53×10.1
0.125×96 12.5×10.8 25×7.3×0.4 45×21-50×2.1
45×1.58+5.5×15.8 4.2×6.51+3.49×4.2 9.99×2.22+3.33×3.34
三、直接写得数
3.8×2= 10×0.7= 13.9×0= 50.8×100=
5.5×1= 1.8×0.5= 3.2×3= 13.1×0.3=
0.08×1.25= 2.5×4= 2.5×8= 0.5×0.2=
0.6×0.1= 0.7×0.8= 2.5×8×0= 125×0.8=
3.8×2= 10×0.7= 13.9×0= 508÷100=
5.5×1= 1.8×0.5= 3.2×3= 13.1×0.3=
0.08×1.25= 2.5×4= 2.5×8= 0.5×0.2=
0.6×0.1= 0.7×0.8= 2.5×8×0= 125×0.8=
四、竖式计算
2.8×0.7= 13×0.15= 0.39×0.6= 0.38×600=
7.05×2.4= 0.46×7.9= 89.3×7.6= 60.5×400=
3.05×18=
4.6×18.9= 40.5×4.2= 0.37×2.31=
3.8×0.12= 0.57×0.6= 6.4×0.5= 6.7×5.8= 9.8×3.8= 7.8×6.4=
4.6×2.7= 4.5×2.7=
5×1.6= 3×0.6= 3×1.2= 6.7×7.6=
5.4×7.8= 2.6×3.6= 3.5×1.7= 8.3×2.6=
1.4×0.7= 4.5×
2.8= 7.4×2.6= 6.2×1.4=
5.4×2.6= 2.3×1.4= 3.7×1.8= 4.5×2.3=
5.2×1.6= 3.6×0.8= 0.66×1.4=
6.5×5.8= 0.72×0.49= 0.42×0.28= 0.24×0.19= 2.4×1.3=
0.72×0.27= 0.78×0.32= 0.65×0.04= 0.23×0.16= 0.29×0.15= 0.16×0.19= 4×1.2= 7×4.6= 6×0.37= 0.28×0.27= 0.75×0.42= 2.3×1.9=
8×0.64= 2.7×0.8= 10×4.2= 7.1×3.9=
4.3×1.4= 2.6×1.6= 0.8×0.3= 0.65×0.4= 0.91×0.6= 1.8×1.6= 4.8×0.5= 3.2×0.4=
9.8×4.8= 12×8.3= 15.2×6.5= 20.1×11.1= 13.34×10.32= 6.52×0.48= 6.3×5.1= 8.7×3.6=
14.3×4.3= 1.5×0.54= 10×4.2= 2.47×3.24=
2.98×0.56= 5.64×1.78= 8.02×0.98= 7.1×
3.9= 2.8×11.39=
12.53×4.67= 7.2×6.45= 1.65×3.35= 7.96×1.45= 60×1.27=
6.07×4.89= 5×0.41=
0.9×0.5= 2×0.7= 1.2×4.3=
5.4×2.7= 6×2.9= 3.7×1.7= 4.2×0.8= 7.5×2.5=
2.2×4.3= 9.5×7.1=
3.5×1.6=
5.2×2.8= 7.8×1.6= 9.6×4.1= 10×4.2=
5.1×2.5= 4.1×3.4= 1.2×3.8= 9.6×4.1= 7.8×1.6= 3.5×1.6= 4.4×1.4= 2.9×2.1=
3.5×1.2=
4.8×3.4= 6.9×2.5= 2.5×7.8=
8×5.4= 6.9×2.5= 2×3.5= 6.8×2.2=
4.7×
5.4= 4.1×8.8= 2.2×5.5= 9.6×2.1=
1.7×3.8= 7.4×3.6= 0.8×0.23= 1.6×
2.4= 4.7×
3.5= 1.2×3.6= 1.5×3.8= 2.8×1.2= 7.3×2.7= 7.3×2.7=
6.2×3.7= 4.2×3.9=
0.54×0.65= 7.5×5.2= 0.7×0.5= 0.32×0.47= 8.3×6.3= 7.2×0.42= 0.48×0.52= 0.8×0.25= 43.5×0.65= 0.32×0.16=
0.35×0.55= 0.87×0.8=
0.24×0.08= 0.92×0.37= 1.4×0.6= 3.6×4.2=
0.72×0.48= 6.8×3.2= 7.1×3.4= 0.42×0.66= 0.32×0.68=
2.8×7.2= 0.65×0.19=
3.09×1.2=
3.25×5.64= 0.25×0.47= 0.82×0.18= 7.8×2.4= 0.45×0.18= 0.4×0.16= 8.2×1.8= 0.73×0.27=
8×3.2= 9.8×4.8= 3×2.4= 2.8×0.9=
1.29×0.18= 5.1×0.8= 10×0.3=
8.9×4.9= 6.8×0.7= 8×0.72= 6.6×3.4= 6.4×1.3= 1.2×0.8= 7.3×6.2= 8.7×3.6=
12.3×0.7= 0.8×9.2= 4.7×1.9= 5.1×3.9= 1.4×0.6=
3.8×6.4= 0.6×7.45=
4.9×0.1= 4.5×3.2= 1.8×0.9=
6.5×0.5= 10.5×6.5=
7.5×0.5= 0.78×0.28= 12.8×2.8= 9.6×2.3=
3.8×0.12= 0.8×0.08= 10×7.4= 7.5×3.2= 0.42×0.58=
0.8×0.15= 2.5×0.4= 8.2×2.6=
1.4×0.7=
2.5×4.6= 0.5×9.8= 6.7×2.6= 7.2×5.9=
8.7×3.6= 5.69×2.48= 2.9×4.1=
9.1×6.7= 2.03×1.2= 8.6×4.9= 1.3×2.03=
9.46×7.21= 1.56×2.24= 3.5×1.25= 0.75×0.4= 20×0.78= 4.8×4.2= 5.7×3= 4.9×1.7= 1.34×0.8= 2×0.75= 8.7×0.03= 0.2×0.09= 8.5×2.5= 3.4×1.4= 0.68×0.42= 7.82×7.2= 2×9.1= 0.48×0.52= 8.1×5.1= 0.78×0.24= 0.8×0.18= 0.89×0.25= 1×0.98= 0.9×0.1= 1×0.8= 4.5×4= 5.6×4=
5.7×3.3= 10×4.4= 6×
6.6= 9.5×2.7= 1×0.55=
五、列式计算。
1、甲数是15.24,⽐⼄数多7.6,⼄数是多少?
2、3.58加上7.08与5.1的差,和是多少?
六、解决问题。
1、⼩红⽤20元钱买⽂具,买钢笔⽤去6.7元,买⽂具盒⽤去9.8元,还剩下多少钱?
2、爸爸⽤两条长度分别是1.27⽶、1.35⽶的绳⼦接起来捆扎报纸。
接⼝处共⽤
去绳⼦0.25⽶,接好后的绳⼦有多长?
3、⼀桶油连桶共重12.65千克,⽤去⼀半后,连桶还重6.85千克,原来的桶⾥有油多少千克?
⼆、减法中的巧算
1.减法的性质:a-b-c=a-(b+c)
巧算下⾯各题:① 300-73-27 ② 7.42-(3.42+1.5) ③ 4723-(723+189)
三、加减混合式的巧算
1.去括号和添括号的法则
在只有加减运算的算式⾥,如果括号前⾯是“+”号,则不论去掉括号或添上括号,括号⾥⾯的运算符号都不变;如果括号前⾯是“-”号,则不论去掉括号或添上括号,括号⾥⾯的运算符号都要改变,“+”变“-”,“-”变“+”,即:a+(b+c+d)=a+b+c+d
a-(b+a+d)=a-b-c-d
a-(b-c)=a-b+c
2.带符号“搬家”
325+46-125+54
=325-125+46+54
=(325-125)+(46+54)
=200+100
=300
注意:每个数前⾯的运算符号是这个数的符号.如+46,-125,+54.⽽325前⾯虽然没有符号,应看作是+325。
3.找“基准数”法
⼏个⽐较接近于某⼀整数的数相加时,选这个整数为“基准数”。
计算 78+76+83+82+77+80+79+85
⼆、⽤简便⽅法计算:
536+(541+464)+459 588+264+148 8996+3458+7546 4995-(995-480)1870-280-520 4250-294+94 478-128+122-72 464-545+99+345 537-(543-163)-57 947+(372-447)-572
⼩数乘法的简便运算
⼀、乘法交换律与结合律的运⽤。
提⽰1:以下计算中,有的需要把⼀个⼩数拆成两个数相乘,要注意拆分后两数
相乘的⼤⼩应该与原数相等,特别是⼩数的位数。
如3.2=0.8×4
3.2=0.4×8 0.32=0.04×8 0.32=0.08×4 5.6=0.8×7 5.6=0.7×8
0.56 =0.07×8 0.56 =0.08×7 0.48=0.12×4 0.48=0.04×12
提⽰2:应⽤乘法结合律解题的⼝诀是连乘⽤结合
提⽰3:应⽤乘法结合律解题的格式是a×b×c=a×(b×c)最后⼀个步骤是“×”,不要看成是“+”. 如
2.5×0.48=2.5×0.04×12=0.1×12=1.2
4.56×0.4×2.5 12.5×2.7×0.8 12.5×3.2×0.25
2.5×0.48 12.5×5.6 25×0.36
乘法分配律的运⽤。
提⽰1: A组中的⼀个因数都具备⼀个特点,都接近整数1、10、100等,这样的数就可以拆分成两个数相加或者相减。
如 10.4=(10+0.4) 9.9=(10-0.9) 0.99=(10-0.01)
但也有这样的数 8.8=(8+0.8) 4.4=(4+0.4) 0.48=(0.4+0.08) 提⽰2:应⽤乘法分配律解题的⼝诀是乘加乘减⽤分配
提⽰3:应⽤乘法分配律解题的格式是(a+b)×c=a×c+b×c最后⼀个步骤是“+”,不要看成是“×”.
如 2.5×0.48=2.5×(0.4+0.08)=2.5×0.4+2.5×0.08=1 + 0.2=1.2
不是 =1 + 0.2= 2
提⽰4:应⽤乘法分配律解题的最后⼀步,有时是数字⽐较⼤的两个数相加减,⼝算容易出错,这时就要打草稿竖式计算。
0.25×10.4 12.5×8.8 9.9×0.35
3.7×1.8-2.7×1.8 95.7×0.28+6.3×0.28-0.28×2
1.08×9+1.08
⽐较乘法结合律与分配律在简便运算时的区别。
下⾯各题⽤两种⽅法简算。
12.5×8.8 12.5×8.8 0.25×4.8 0.25×4.8
⼆、
48×0.56+44×
我来试⼀试:
0.279×343+0.657×279 0.264×519+264×0.481 9.16×1.53-0.053×
91.6
三、拓展提⾼。
99.99×0.8+11.11×2.8 314×0.043+3.14×7.2-31.4×0.15
⼩数除法的简便运算
⼩数除法的简便计算与整数除法的简便计算⼀样,⽤到的是除法性质。
除法性质1、A ÷ B ÷ C = A ÷ ( B × C )
如:42÷2.8 =42÷( 0.7 × 4 )= 42 ÷ 0.7 ÷ 4 = 60 ÷ 4 = 15
如:420÷2.5÷4 = 420÷(2.5×4 )= 420 ÷ 10 = 42
除法性质2、 (a-b)÷c=a÷c-b÷c
除法性质3、 A ÷ ( B ÷ C ) = A ÷ B × C
除法性质4、 A × ( B ÷ C ) = A × B ÷ C
⼩数乘除法的递等式计算
⼩数乘除法的递等式计算⽅法与整数的⼀样,能简便的要简便,
但也有的是不能简便⽐如: 3.6+6.4×0.5 不能掉进先加后乘的陷阱⾥。
3.6×5+15×6.4 不能掉进应⽤乘法分配率的陷阱⾥。
73.8-1.64-13.8-5.36 66.86-8.66-1.34
0.25×16.2×4
3.72×3.5+6.28×3.5 36.8-3.9-6.1 2
5.48-(9.4-0.52)
4.8×7.8+78×0.52 3.6×102 6.4×0.25+3.6÷4 32+4.9-0.9 4.8-4.8×0.5 (1.25-0.125)×8 4.8×100.1 56.5×9.9+56.5 7.09×10.8-0.8×7.09 4.02+
5.4+0.98 5.17-1.8-3.2 13.75-(3.75+
6.48) 3.68+
7.56-2.68 7.85+2.34-0.85+4.66
35.6-1.8-15.6-7.2
3.82+2.9+0.18+9.1 9.6+
4.8-3.6
7.14-0.53-2.47
5.27+2.86-0.66+1.63 13.35-4.68+2.65 47.8-7.45+8.8
0.398+0.36+3.64 15.75+3.59-0.59+14.25
42.5-(6.07+1.13)
4.2÷3.5 320÷1.25÷8 18.76×9.9+18.76 3.52÷2.5÷0.4 4.78÷0.2+3.44 3.9-4.1+6.1-
5.9 0.49÷1.4 1.25×2.5×32 3.6-0.6×2
3.65×10.1 3.6-3.6×0.8 15.2÷0.25÷4
5.6÷3.5 9.6÷0.8÷0.4 4.2×99+4.2
0.89×100.1 146.5-(23+46.5) 17.8÷(1.78×4)
5.83×2+4.27 (45.9-32.7)÷8÷0.125 9.7×99+9.7
4.36×12.5×8 1
5.6×13.1-15.6-15.6×2.1 0.65×101
27.5×3.7-7.5×3.7 8.54÷2.5÷0.4
3.83×
4.56+3.83×
5.44
6048+975-3045 498×39 6048+75-3005 648×75-3005 6098+935-1045 404×24-758
1048+975-345 640×75÷35
878×29 68×975-345
9948+275-304 5690×6÷35
68+975-345 68+975÷345
648+75-35 685+975-345
68+975-345 548×975-3045
48×975-304 6748+975-5045
6048+975-3045 0.425×0,38÷0,01
20.5-1.074-8.35×5.5 748+95-45
48×975-3045 0.425×0,38÷0,01
20.5-1.074-8.35×5.5 52.8÷0.75×0.25
45×(267+143)(2448+864)÷23
327+9664÷32×25 727+9660÷30×25
586-45×81÷27 58-45×80÷25
3.68÷
4.6+6.32 368÷46+632
604×24-758 644×14-858
604×24-758 408×59
478×39 278×39 478×19
10.8/15 + 7/3 - 8/5 408-12×24 (46+28)×60 42×50-1715÷5 32+105÷5 (108+47)×52 420×(327-238)(4121+2389)÷7 671×15-974
469×12+1492 405×(3213-3189) 5000-56×23 125×(97-81) 6942+480÷3 304×32-154 20+80÷4-20 25×4-12×5 100÷(32-30)×0 70×〔(42-42)÷18〕 75×65+75×35。