unit 2 复习学案2021-2022学年人教版英语八年级上册

Unit 2 How often do you exercise
一、重点短语
1．通过做某事 by doing sth 2.多于/少于 more than/ less than
3．例如 such as 4.垃圾食品/绿色食品junk food/green food
5．至少 at least 6.熬夜 stay up late
7．几乎从不 hardly ever 8.问题的答案 the answer to the question
9．在周末 on weekends 10.做某事最好的方式 the best way to do sth.
11．早点睡觉go to bed early 12.积习难改old habits die hard
13．去上网 go online 14.去看电影 go to the movies
15．趁还来得及 before it’s too late 16.问题的答案the answer to the question
17. 饮食习惯 eating habit 18.提高你的英语 improve your English
19.一周三次 three times a week 20.一周至少2次 at least twice a week 21.在某人的业余时间 in one’s free/spare time 22.提出建议 give advice
23.采纳某人建议 follow/take one’s advice 24.对...有影响 make a difference to
25.健康的生活方式 healthy lifestyle 26. 一条建议 a piece of advice
27.调查结果the result of a survey 28.动身去某地 leave for
29.歌唱比赛 singing competition 30.好极了！ It’s fantastic！
二、重点词汇
1.maybe和may be 也许可能
1）maybe作副词放在句首或单独做答语。

Maybe my watch is on the bed. 我的手表可能在床上。

—Are you going to sell your house?
—Maybe. 你要卖房子吗？也许吧。

2）may be中的may是情态动词，be是动词原形，may be作谓语动词放在句中。

My watch may be on the bed. 我的手表可能在床上。

3）Maybe和may be可互换使用。

It may be your handbag = Maybe it is your handbag. 这也许是你的手提包。

2.Die
1）die 【动词】死
His grandfather died two years ago. 他爷爷两年前去世了。

The fish will die without water. 鱼离水会死。

2）dead 【形容词】死的，去世的
She looked at her dead cat sadly. 伤心地看着她死去的猫。

3）death 【名词】死亡
Cancer is the leading cause of death . 癌症是死亡的主要原因。

His mother's death made him very sad. 他母亲的去世使他非常难过。

4）dying 【形容词】临终的，奄奄一息的
The doctors saved the dying man. 医生们救活了那个垂死的人。

He is dying.他快要死了。

▲be dying for sth / to do sth 渴望做某事(=be thirsty for sth / to do sth)
3.help with housework 帮助做家务
1）help sb with sth= help sb（to）do sth. 帮助某人做某事
I often help him with his English.= I often help him (to) learn English.
我经常帮他学习英语。

My teacher’s words are ________(help) to me.
A lot of vegetables can help us ____ in good ____.
A. keep; health
B. to keep; healthy
C. keeping ;health
D.keeps; health 2）be helpful to sb/sth：对某人/事有帮助
This will be helpful to you when you grow up. 当你长大时,这将对你有用.
The dictionary is very helpful to your English study. 那本字典对你英语学习有帮助。

3）be helpful to do sth / in doing sth. ......对做某事有帮助
Listening is helpful to study English = Listening is helpful in learning English.
听力对我们学英语有帮助。

4）housework 意为“家务劳动”，不可数名词。

What do you usually do on weekends? 你周末通常做什么？
She often helps her parents do housework. 她经常帮助父母做家务。

They have housework to do. (many / much)
4. however和but
1）表示转折：“然而仍然”，however位于句首后面必须加逗号，but后无逗号。

It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy.
雨下得很大，然而我们还是出去寻找那个孩子。

2）做连词：“不管无论”，however后面无标点符号。

She makes the window open, however cold it is outside. 不管外面多冷她都开着窗户。

3）连接副词(however,besides)位于句首后面必须加逗号才能连接句子。

连接副词连接两个句子时，前一个句子句末必须用句号或分号。

连接副词在句中的位置不固定。

We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
She is beautiful. However, no one likes her. 她很漂亮，然而没有人喜欢她。

He felt bad, however, went to work. 他感到不舒服，仍然去上班了。

5.“也”too＆also＆either辨析：
1）too常放在肯定句末尾，前用逗号；也可放在句中，前后均有逗号。

简答时，too 用在人称代词宾格后。

I like surfing the Internet，too. 我也喜欢上网。

—I want to exercise.我想锻炼。

—Me, too.我也想。

You，too，can do it.你也可以做。

2）also常用于肯定句的句中，放在系动词、助动词或情态动词后，实义动词前。

I also like playing volleyball. 我也喜欢打排球。

He can also sing the song in Chinese．他也能用汉语唱歌。

3）either常放在否定句末尾。

I don’t know, either.我也不知道。

She is not a Japanese. I’m not, either.她不是日本人我也不是。

4）表示前面提出的情况也同样适合于后者。

▲注意时态和人称的变化
1. 肯定：me+ too 或so + 情态动词/助动词/ be动词+ I
He is/was tired and so am/was I 或me too. 他累了，我也累了。

I like English and so does he. 我喜欢英语，他也喜欢。

She can play tennis and so can I 或me too. 她会打网球，我也会打。

2．否定：me+ neither 或neither/nor + 情态动词/助动词/ be动词+ I She doesn't like maths and me neither 或neither/nor do I. 他不喜欢数学，我也是。

She didn't want to play tennis and me neither 或neither/nor did I. 我和他都不想打球。

6. hardly＆hard
1）hardly“几乎不”(almost not)
There is hardly any coffee left= There’s almost no coffee left. 几乎没有咖啡剩下。

2）hard：
(1) 形容词：困难的；硬的；努力的
George is hard to get along with. 乔治很难相处。

The ice is as hard as rock. 冰像石头一样硬。

They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作，以求得成功。

(2)副词：困难地；努力地；猛烈地
She tried hard, but failed.她努力尝试过,但失败了。

It's raining hard/heavy outside. 外面雨下得很大。

The old man is breathing hard. 这位老人呼吸困难。

▲be hard on sb 对某人要求严格
*常见的频率副词：动作发生的频率，如1天3次，1周1次等。

1）always 总是”、“永远地”
The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。

2）usually/often“通常”、“经常”
He usually goes to bed at ten o’clock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。

He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。

3）some times“有时”：
Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way.
他有时这样做，有时那样做。

4）hardly ever “几乎不（almost not）”
I hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。

5）never“从不”、“永不”。

My parents are never late for work.
我父母上班从来不迟到。

规律总结：
(1)句中一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。

(2)hardly和never均为否定，有二者的句子不需再加no或not构成否定。

正： My parents are never late for work.
误：My parents are never not late for work.
我父母上班从来不迟到。

(3)用how often提问。

—How often do you go to museums？你多久去一次博物馆？
—Four times a month. 一个月四次。

7.no
1）no+名词= not a/an+单数或not any+复数/不可数名词
There is no/not a textbook on the desk. 课桌上没有书。

There is no/not any students in the classroom. 教室里没有学生。

There is no/not any water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水。

2）禁止▲no + (动)名词
No swimming！禁止游泳No parking! 禁止停车！No photos! 禁止拍照！
8. exercise
1）表示“锻炼、运动”的意思是不可数名词。

－How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次？
2）表示做练习/做操的意思是可数名词。

We do morning exercise s every day. 我们每天做早操。

We do English exercise s to help us learn English well.
我们做英语练习以便学好英语。

【拓展】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes
1）some time一段时间（用How long提问）
How long will you stay here？你想在这里呆多长时间？
I’ll stay here for some time. 我将会在这儿呆一段时间。

I spend some time doing my homework. 我每天花点时间做作业
2）Sometime+过去/将来时间：某个不确定的时间（用when提问）
When do you hope to visit USA？
I hope to visit the USA sometime in the future.我想在将来的某一天去美国。

Sometime a month ago, I met him in the market.
一个月前的某个时候，我在市场上遇见了他。

Please come and have coffee with me sometime.有空来和我一起喝咖啡吧。

3）some times “几次、几倍”（用how many times提问）
Please repeat some times. 请多重复几次。

How many times did they meet each other this year？他们今年见过几次？
They met each other some times this year. 他们今年已经见过好几次面了。

Our school is some times larger than theirs.我们学校比他们学校大几倍。

4）sometimes=at times 有时（用how often提问）
练习：
①We plan to stay in Hainan for .
②I am sure that we have met before.
③I have letters from him.
*on weekends / the weekend周末(周六、周日) on weekdays工作日(周一至周五) The teachers never arrive late for work from Monday to Friday（on weekdays）.
9. 介词through/across/along/over的辨析▲和动词搭配才能作谓语
1）through：从物体内部穿过。

（门、窗、洞、森林、人群、时间）
The sunlight goes through the window.阳光透过窗户。

The stream runs through the forest.这条小溪穿过森林。

2）across：从表面经过。

（马路、河流、沙漠）
Go across the street, you will find the post office on your left.
穿过马路你就会发现邮局就在你的左边。

You should come across the river with us. 你应该和我们一起渡河。

▲动词+across = cross(十字形) crossing 十字路口
3）along/down：沿着。

Go for a walk along the road. 沿着公路散步。

Turn left and go along Garden Road. 向左转然后沿着花园路走。

4）over：(从物体上方)越过、在...正上方、超过、结束、在...期间。

go over the mountain and jump over the river：翻山跨河
The plane is flying over the building.飞机从建筑物的头上飞过。

There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。

He lived in Beijing over two years. 他在北京住了二年多了。

The school/class is over. 放学/下课
We'll discuss the problem over lunch/tea and cake.
让我们边吃午饭/边喝茶边吃蛋糕边讨论。

10. fill/full
1）fill是动词“装满”
The bottle is filled with water. 这只瓶子装满了水。

He was filled with joy at the news. 听到这个消息，他内心充满了喜悦。

▲ fill up 加满装满fill in the blank 填空fill out the form填表格
2）full是形容词“满的、饱的、完整的、充分的“
—Help yourself to some meat.自己拿些肉吃
—I am full, thanks. 我饱了，谢谢。

The schoolbag is full of books.书包里装满了书。

Fill in your full name and address, please. 请填写全名和地址。

make full use of talents / time 使人尽其才/充分利用时间
3）be filled with = be full of 充满、装满
The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people. 房间里到处都是人。

11.mind 头脑、介意、注意
1）make up one’s mind (to do sth) 决心作某事
I can't make up my mind.我下不了决心.
In the end, I make up my mind to be a doctor. 最终，我下决心成为一名医生。

2）change one’s mind(to do sth) 改变主意
It is easy for him to change his mind, so don’t believe him easily.
他很容易就改变注意，不要轻易相信他。

He find it impossible to make her change her mind.
他发现使她改变主意是不可能的。

3）keep in one’s mind 记住
You must keep this in mind. 你必须你记住这点。

I'll keep your advice in mind. 我要把你的劝告记在心里。

4）Would you mind (+宾格/形容词性物主代词+) doing sth ? 或Would you mind if+句子(动词用过去时)你介意（某人）做某事吗？
—No, not at all/ of course not/ certainly not/ go ahead 不介意
—Yes, you’d better not/ I’m afraid not/ I’m sorry,but...... 介意
Would you mind my/me closing the window？你介意我开窗吗？
Would you mind looking after my baby when I’m away？
可以在我不在的时候帮我照看孩子吗？
5）Mind the steps. 小心台阶Mind not be late.注意别迟到
Mind your own business. 别多管闲事Out of sight, Out of mind. 眼不见心不烦body and mind身心don’t / never mind没关系reads one’s mind. 看透某人的心思
12. leave和leave for
1）leave +地点：离开某地leave Beijing离开北京
leave for+地点：动身去某地leave for Beijing动身去北京
2）表示“目的或方向”的介词
(1) for与leave, start, set out, set off等表示“离开或启程”的动词搭配。

He left for Shanghai this morning. 他今天早上动身去上海了。

She set out for Washington last week. 她上周到华盛顿去了。

We are off for Los Angeles tomorrow. 我们明天去洛杉矶。

(2) to与come, go, move, fly, drive, run, return等表示“来去或运动”动词搭配。

They go to the park for a walk 他们去公园散步。

He usually drives to his company. 经理通常驾车去公司。

They moved to Sydney last year. 他们去年搬到悉尼了。

(3) 动词+ toward 朝某个方向...。

He got out of the car and walked towards the house. 他下了车，朝那幢房子走去。

When I came out of the tent, I saw my wife running towards me.
当我从帐篷里出来的时候，我看到我的妻子朝我跑来。

13.“通过”by / with / in辨析
1）by+交通工具、方式手段▲ by doing sth 通过做某事
by train/plane/bus/car/bike 坐火车/飞机/公交车/小汽车/自行车
He makes a living by teaching. 他以教书为生。

2）with+代词/冠词+工具、身体部位
I write with my hand/by hand, but he writes with his mouth/ by mouth.
我用手写字，但他却用嘴写字。

He broke the window with a stone/ by stone.他用一块石头打碎了窗户。

3）in+语言、声音、颜色、材料
How do you say this in English? 这个东西用英语怎么说？
I talked to her in a low voice. 我轻声地和他说话。

The girl in red. 穿着红衣服的女孩。

Write your homework in ink, not in pencil. 用钢笔写家庭作业，不要用铅笔。

▲ in this/that way 用这种/那种方式
1.He gets to school ______ bike.
2.He is painting ______ a Chinese brush.(毛笔）
3.I study Enlish _____ practicing speaking it every day.
4.I usually write ______ a pen.
14.crowd
1）crowd 人群观众
a crowd of people 一群人crowds of people 成群的人
2）挤满塞满
The hall was crowded with people. 大厅挤满了人。

He crowded books onto the shelf. 他把书塞进书架里。

3）crowded 拥挤的
crowded trains / hotels / roads / shops 拥挤的火车/酒店/街道/商店
▲ busy/heavy traffic或traffic jam 交通拥挤
15.Percent(%)
1）基数词+percent 百分之几
One percent 1% twenty percent 20%
2）基数词+ percent of +可数名词复数/不可数名词
Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。

More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
地球表面百分之七十以上都被水所覆盖。

▲ percent只有单数形式。

16.Want
1）want sth：想要某物
She wants a cup of tea. 她想要一杯茶。

2）want (sb) to do sth或would like (sb) to do sth. ：想要(某人)做某事
I wanted to go swimming = I would like to go swimming. 我想去游泳。

He wants me to help him = He would like me to help him. 他想要我帮他。

17.favorite
▲What’s +主语+favorite+名词？= what+名词+do+主语+like best？你最喜欢...？
1）What’s your favorite animals？= what animals do you like best？你最喜欢什么动物？
My favourite animal is tiger.= I like tiger best. 我最喜欢老虎。

2）Which season do you like best? =What's your favourite season? 你最喜欢什么季节？
I like winter best. = My favourite season is winter. 我最喜欢冬季.
18. free
1）be free“有空的”、“免费的”
He is free now. 他现在有空。

The tickets are free. 票是免费的。

2）be free to do sth 自由做某事
Everyone is free to express himself at the meeting. 每个人在会上都可以畅所欲言。

You are free to choose your own job. 你可以自由选择自己的事业。

▲ be busy (with/in) doing sth 忙于做某事
The spring festival is drawing near/coming, people are busy getting ready for food.
春节快到了，人们正忙着准备丰盛的食物。

19. go shopping
1）go + doing：表示去做某一项娱乐活动或运动。

go swimming 去游泳go skating 去滑冰go fishing 去钓鱼
go boating 去划船go hiking 去远足go hunting去打猎
2）go to do sth ：表示去做某事
go to buy some eggs. 去买一些鸡蛋Let me go to look at it. 让我去看一看。

20. How come? 怎么会？怎么回事？
1）表示不理解、好奇或吃惊的语气。

( = why+疑问句)。

How come you didn’t come? = Why didn’t you come? 你为什么没有来参加聚会？
How come you broke up with him? = Why did you break up with him? 你怎么分手了？▲how come 引导的问句使用的是陈述语序。

(主语在谓语动词前)
2）How about/What about + sb/sth或doing sth：......怎么样?
1.询问情况或打听消息
—How about your English exam yesterday? 你昨天的英语考得怎么样?
—Not bad. What about you? 不错,你呢?
2. 提出请求、建议或征求对方意见
How about going shopping with me this afternoon？今天下午陪我去逛街怎么样？
3）Why not+do sth何不......? 表示向对方提出自己的建议。

Why not go out for a walk? 我们何不出去散散步呢?
4）How can+句子？...怎么能？
How can you say that？你怎么能那么说？
How can you treat me like that？你怎么能那样对我？
21.have
1）名词+基数词= the+序数词+名词
Lesson One=The first lesson 第一课Page Two=The second page 第二页
2）have的常见意思及搭配
(1) 有。

I have a pen. 我有一支钢笔。

(2) 举行。

have lessons 上课have meeting 开会
(3) 吃喝玩乐。

have supper：吃晚饭have a cake吃蛋糕
have a drink 喝酒have fun或have a good time：玩的高兴
(4) 不得不。

I have to go to school now.我现在不得不去上学了。

(5) 得病。

have a cold/fever/headache/toothache：感冒/发烧/头疼/牙痛/肚子痛
(6) 让某人做某事(have sb do sth)。

His mother has him stay at home.他妈妈让他呆在家里。

22. 介词at/ in /on /for表示时间：
1）时刻或年龄用at
at six o’clock 在六点at noon 在中午at night 在晚上at dawn 在黎明at dusk 在黄昏at the age of 15 在15岁时at this/that time 在这/那时
2）in年in月in季节in早in晚in下午
in the morning/afternoon /evening 在早上/下午/晚上
in spring /in 2020/1980s/in March 在春天/ 2020年/ 20世纪80年代/ 5月
in the 21st century 在21世纪in his fifties 在他50多岁时
3）具体某天就用on (星期几/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上)
on Monday 在周一on the New Year’s Day 在元旦
on Sunday morning 在周日早上on rainy night 在雨夜
23. every day
▲频率副词every day 放在句末；形容词everyday修饰名词。

He do exercise every day from now. 从现在起他每天都做运动
everyday life 日常生活everyday news 每日新闻
everyday behavior 日常表现everyday job 日常工作
24.As for
▲ as for+sth “至于、关于”，常用于句首。

As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。

As for the man, I know nothing about him. 至于那个人，我什么都不知道。

25. health
1）(un)health健康—(un)healthy 健康的
2）be in good/poor health 身体状况好/不好
My grandparents are both in good health. 我祖父母身体都很好。

3）keep healthy = keep fit = stay healthy=keep in good health 保持健康Eating much vegetable can help you to keep healthy.多吃蔬菜可以保持健康。

26. Ask
1）ask sb. about sth. 询问某人关于某事
I asked my teacher about today’s homework.我问了老师关于今天的作业。

2）ask sb (not) to do sth 要求某人(不)去做某事
My teacher asks me to finish the task before tomorrow.老师要求我明天之前完成任务。

3）ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
You can ask some questions for your teacher. 你可以向老师请教一些问题。

27. such as
1）for example：一般只举一个例子，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。

For example,The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is quite brilliant.
例如，北京奥运会是十分精彩的。

He，for example，is a good student=He is a good student, for example.
比如，他是一个学生。

2）such as = like：举多个例子，不能放在句首或句末。

Some of the European languages，such as/like French，Italian and Spanish.
一些欧洲语言，像是法语、意大利语和西班牙语。

28.spend
1）人+spend +时间或金钱+on sth/ (in) doing sth 在某事/做某事上花了......
I spend two hours on this math problem.我在这道数学题上花了两个小时。

He didn’t spend much time in doing his homework.他没有在作业上花费太多时间。

2）人+pay+金钱+for sth 付钱......
I have to pay them20dollars for this room each month.
我每个月要付20美元的房租。

▲ pay for sth 付钱付出代价pay back 还钱报复pay off 还清得到回报3）物+cost sb+金钱
The computer cost me a lot of money.电脑花了我很多钱。

4）It takes sb＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。

It took them three years to build this road他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。

It took him the whole afternoon to repair the car. 他花了一下午修车。

1.—How much does your new bike ___________ ?
—I ___________ 300 yuan ___________ it.
2.Tom spent 200 yuan this book.
3.It will ___ you half an hour to walk there.
4.—Your coat is so beautiful. It must be expensive.
—Not really. I only ____￥30 on it.
5.I ____$300 for the bike.
29.a lot of
1）a lot of =lots of+名词：很多
Students have a lot of / lots of homework to do every day.
学生们每天有很多作业要做。

2）a lot修饰动词、形容词或比较级：非常、常常。

Thanks a lot. 十分感谢。

It usually rains a lot at this time of year. 每年这个时候都经常下雨。

Your room is a lot bigger than mine. 你的房间比我的大得多。

3)a little (of) / a bit of+名词：很少
Tom has a little (of)money = Tom has a bit of money. 汤姆有一点钱。

4）a little/a bit/a little bit做副词修饰动词、形容词或比较级。

He is a little bit selfish. 他有点自私。

Can you please turn down the radio a bit/a little?
请你把收音机声音关小一点好吗？
5）Not a bit = not at all 一点也不not a little = very 非常Tom said he was not a bit sad, but in fact he was not a little sad.
汤姆说他一点也不难过，但实际上他非常难过。