中口笔译B2A二十大技巧案例与练习

中口笔译B2A二十大技巧案例与练习
英汉技巧一：高屋建瓴“揽全局”
主要是指翻译首先要分清英文主从句，一般先处理插入成分或从句，之后再处理主句。

处理英文细节时要高屋建瓴、宏观把握，不拘泥于一字一词。

行文需要注意中文特有的节奏感，不能拖沓冗长，要按照中文来龙去脉、由远及近的叙事原则组织行文。

实例练习1：
The stunning rise of Apple, whose late boss, Steve Jobs, made a fetish of design, has no doubt influenced Google’s thinking since then. The shift towards mobile computing has also forced it to take design more seriously. “There’s an emotional reaction with a personalised mobile devic e that you don’t get with a mouse and a keyboard,”explains Jon Wiley, a search designer who is part of an initiative to revamp Google’s design philosophy that was launched by Larry Page when he became chief executive in 2011.
实例练习2：
For any outsiders still doubting the reality of reform in Myanmar - for decades one of the region's most isolated nations - Aung San Suu Kyi's flight this week from Yangon to
Bangkok in neighbouring Thailand should be seen as a historic sign that significant change is indeed underway.
It is a brief flight - a little over an hour - yet by taking it, the once-repressed icon of Myanmese freedom will travel light years from her former days under house arrest in her rambling mansion, cut off from her two sons and her husband, not to mention the outside world.
课下练习1：
Barclays chief executive Bob Diamond caved in to heavy
political pressure and resigned yesterday, a day after the British bank's chairman quit in a move that had suggested Diamond might hang on to his job.
Diamond's departure was in turn followed a few hours later by that of the bank's chief operating officer, Jerry del Missier. Diamond and Del Missier, who only took up his new job last month, were both previously senior figures at the firm's investment banking arm Barclays Capital. Chairman Marcus Agius is now expected to leave only after leading the search for a new chief executive to replace Diamond, whose resignation comes after 18 months in the post.
The three resignations come amid a deepening dispute
about whether the Bank of England pushed the lender to submit artificially low interbank lending rates during the financial crisis.
课下练习2：
Ruebush deplores the current fetish for the hundreds of antibacterial products that convey a false sense of security and may actually foster the development of antibiotic-resistant, disease-causing bacteria. Plain soap and water are all that are needed to become clean, she noted.
英汉技巧二：行文提倡“四、六、八”
主要是指英译中行文务求简洁、流畅、自然，而简洁的最佳办法就是采用四字句、六字句或八字句，增强行文张力时也是如此，采用四、六、八字句构成同义重复，这是中文的一大特点。

如：口若悬河，剑拔弩张之势，箭在弦上不得不发。

实例练习１：
But when Shakespeare’s talking about “love,”he’s not talking about romantic love or feminine beauty–the first 126 sonnets in Shakespeare’s work are generally understood to be
addressed towards a man, and many of the surrounding pieces are actually encouraging procreation. Shakespeare isn’t wooing a beautiful woman; he’s telling a wealthy young ponz exactly what he wants to hear: that he’s just so damn sexy that it’d be pretty much the worst thing in the world if he didn’t have kids.
实例练习２：
Their conclusions are at once gloomy —overfishing continues to threaten many species —and upbeat: a combination of steps can turn things around. But because antagonism between ecologists and fisheries management
experts has been intense, many familiar with the study say the most important factor is that it was done at all.
课下练习１：
If current trends continue, by 2048 overfishing will have destroyed most commercially important populations of saltwater fish. Ecologists applauded the work. But among fisheries management scientists, reactions ranged from skepticism to fury over what many called an alarmist report.
课下练习２：
Cambridge attracts the best students and academics because they find the University and the colleges stimulating and enjoyable places in which to live and work. The students are thrown in with similarly able minds, learning as much from each other as from their teachers; the good senior academics know better than to be too hierarchical or to cut themselves off from intellectual criticism and debate.
汉英技巧一：中文结构“三步走”
主要是指涉及政府外宣类题材的句子结构划分技巧。

所谓“三步走”，具体是指：中文长句中，第一步给出理念、指导方针或原则，第二步具体阐述在这种方针原则的指导下都做了什么或者要做什么，
第三步给出结果或者要实现的目标。

在具体行文时，可以按照“每一步”信息的多少进行“逐步”切句或者灵活整合，切记：句子宜短不宜长。

有了“三步走”原则，长句一点都不可怕！这一汉英句式逻辑分析技巧在实操训练中非常实用也极易掌握！
案例练习1：
为此，国际经济司从政治和外交角度更好地参与国际经济合作和经济治理，落实互利共赢的对外开放战略，维护国家的发展利益和经济安全，同时为推动世界经济增长、实现各国共同发展做出更大的贡献。

案例练习2：
中国顺应经济全球化的发展趋势，坚持在更大范围、更广领域和更高层次上参与国际经济技术合作，积极推动经济全球化向有利于各国共同繁荣的方向发展。

课下练习1：
上海外语口译的实用性和专业性，以及获证人员所达到的翻译水准，
已使其成为社会上广泛认可、口碑良好的非学历继续教育项目，深受莘莘学子的青睐。

课下练习2：
外交部将成立国际经济司为契机，继往开来，统筹规划，紧扣国际形势的变化，紧扣国家发展的需要，紧扣总体外交的目标，不断推进经济外交工作，努力开创经济外交工作新局面。

汉英技巧二：“孰轻孰重”要分明
主要是指中英句子结构差异：中文结构“前轻后重”，中文结构事实、背景在前，表态、判断、结论在后，英文恰恰相反，是“前重后轻”。

结构差异了然于胸，“表态判断为主，事实背景为从”，在翻译时有了这样一个主从句框架搭建原则，逻辑一目了然，译文自然“行云流水”！
案例练习1：
城外郊区，则另有一番天地。

乡村古镇，阡陌交错，一派悠闲的
田园风光。

案例练习2：
对于21世纪的亚太，人们曾经有不同的看法。

有人认为亚太人文荟萃，潜力巨大，前景光明。

也有人认为亚太问题丛生，麻烦不断，不容乐观。

课下练习1：
在这个宁静的水镇里，生活的脚步似乎完全听命于那淌着潺潺流水的河流。

西塘可以说是水的同义词。

这里的河流是那样的蜿蜒曲折、波光粼粼，映射出一派宁静祥和的街景。

课下练习2：
1968年我从北京来到陕西，惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。

母亲的时日已经不多，身边再无亲人，离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。

惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。

英汉技巧三：中文“形散神不散”
主要是指中文重意合，不像英文那样通过介词和连词串连成句，中文的逻辑散落在字里行间。

在具体行文时遵循“以意群为成句单位”的原则，意群间除非确有必要，否则不用特别指明逻辑关系。

案例练习1：
Offshore supply vessels resembling large, floating flat-backed trucks fill Victoria Dock, unable to find charters in a sign of the downturn in Britain's oil industry. With UK North Sea oil and gas production 44 percent below its peak, self-styled oil capital of Europe Aberdeen fears the slowdown is not simply cyclical.
案例练习2：
For a decade, metallurgists studying the hulk of the Titanic have argued that the storied ocean liner went down quickly after hitting an iceberg because the ship's builder used substandard rivets that popped their heads and let tons of icy seawater rush in. More than 1,500 people died.
课下练习1：
The ancient frozen dome cloaking Greenland is so vast that pilots have crashed into what they thought was a cloud bank spanning the horizon. Flying over it, you can scarcely imagine that it could erode fast enough to dangerously raise sea levels any time soon.
课下练习２：
Now a team of scientists has moved into deeper waters, uncovering evidence in the builder's own archives of a deadly mix of great ambition and use of low-quality iron that doomed the ship, which sank 96 years ago Tuesday.
英汉技巧四：“九九归一”是王道
主要是指英文中代词和其他替换同义词使用较为频繁，在英汉翻译时务必将英文中的代词所指对象明确化，同时将同义替换词或词组译为统一的汉语表达，保持前后一致。

案例练习１：
You cannot help noticing, though, that one is pug-ugly and the other is handsome. Are you swayed by their appearance? If you were swayed by someone’s looks, would that be wrong? In the past, people often equated beauty with virtue and ugliness with vice.
Biology also suggests that beauty may, indeed, be a good rule of thumb for assessing someone of either sex. Not an infallible one, and certainly no substitute for an in-depth investigation. But, nevertheless, an instinctive one, and one that is bound to contribute to the advantage of the physically well endowed.
案例练习２：
Scientists have made a breakthrough in the treatment for acne. The Daily Mail of London reported a vaccine which
promises to halt a key cause of the unsightly and painful condition could be available within as little as 5 years. The breakthrough。