国际贸易用英语怎么说

国际贸易用英语怎么说
International Trade Terms in English
International trade plays a vital role in the global economy. It involves the exchange of goods, services, and capital among different countries. To engage in international trade, it is crucial to understand the various terms and phrases used in the English language. In this article, we will explore some of the commonly used terms in international trade.
1. Import/export: These terms refer to the buying and selling of goods and services between countries. Import refers to bringing goods or services into a country, whereas export refers to sending goods or services to another country.
2. Tariffs: Tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods or services. They are used to protect domestic industries, regulate trade, and generate revenue for the government. Tariffs can be specific (based on the quantity or weight of the goods) or ad valorem (based on the value of the goods).
3. Quotas: Quotas are a type of trade restriction that limits the quantity or value of goods that can be imported or exported. They are often used to protect domestic industries and maintain a balance of trade.
4. Free trade: Free trade refers to the unrestricted exchange of goods and services between countries, without any barriers such as tariffs or quotas. It promotes economic growth, efficiency, and specialization.
5. Trade deficit/surplus: A trade deficit occurs when a country imports more goods and services than it exports. This leads to a negative balance of
trade. On the other hand, a trade surplus occurs when a country exports more goods and services than it imports, resulting in a positive balance of trade.
6. Trade agreement: A trade agreement is a pact between two or more countries that outlines the terms and conditions of trade. It typically reduces trade barriers and facilitates economic cooperation. Examples include the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the European Union (EU).
7. Incoterms: Incoterms, short for International Commercial Terms, are internationally recognized terms that define the responsibilities and liabilities of buyers and sellers in international trade transactions. They specify who is responsible for transportation, insurance, customs, and other costs.
8. Letter of credit: A letter of credit is a financial document issued by a bank on behalf of a buyer, guaranteeing payment to the seller upon the completion of certain conditions. It provides security and assurance in international trade transactions.
9. Foreign exchange: Foreign exchange involves the conversion of one currency into another for the purpose of international trade. Exchange rates fluctuate based on market conditions and can directly impact the cost and profitability of trade.
10. Trade barriers: Trade barriers are restrictions or obstacles that limit or prevent the free flow of goods and services between countries. They can be in the form of tariffs, quotas, embargoes, regulations, or customs duties.
11. Dumping: Dumping refers to the practice of selling goods in a foreign market at a lower price than in the domestic market. It is seen as unfair competition and can harm domestic industries.
12. Intellectual property rights: Intellectual property rights protect creations of the mind, such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights. They ensure that individuals or companies have exclusive rights and control over their inventions, designs, or artistic works.
13. WTO (World Trade Organization): The WTO is an international organization that deals with the global rules of trade between nations. It promotes free trade, settles trade disputes, and provides a platform for negotiations.
14. Trade surplus/deficit: A trade surplus occurs when a country exports more goods and services than it imports, resulting in a positive balance of trade. Conversely, a trade deficit occurs when a country imports more goods and services than it exports, leading to a negative balance of trade.
15. Bilateral/multilateral trade: Bilateral trade refers to trade between two countries, whereas multilateral trade involves multiple countries. Bilateral trade agreements focus on the specific needs and interests of the two countries, while multilateral trade agreements involve more complex negotiations among several nations.
In conclusion, international trade terminology is essential for various stakeholders involved in global commerce. Understanding these terms enables effective communication and negotiation in international trade transactions. By familiarizing ourselves with these terms, we can navigate
the complexities of international trade and engage in successful business relationships across borders.。