研究生-基础综合英语-单词整理

Unit1
1.semiliterate:a.semi-educated;having only an elementary level of reading and writing ability半文盲的，有初等文化的semi-:half or partly
2.dropout:n.a personwho leavesschool before finishing a course（尤指中学的）退学学生
3.do-gooder:n.sb.who does things that they think will help other people,although the other people might not find their actions helpful一个总是试着帮助别人的人（通常是贬义）；不实际的社会改革家（指幼稚的理想主义者，支持善心或博爱的事件的改革者）
4.impediment:n.obstacles,barriers妨碍，阻止，阻碍，阻挡
5.trump card:anything decisiveheld in reservefor useat a critical time王牌
6.charmer:n.a personwho hasgood qualities that make you like him/her讨人喜欢的人，有魅力的人，有迷惑力的人（尤指迷人的女人）
7.get by:to be able to deal with a situation with difficulty,usually by having just enoughof sth.you need,suchas money过得去
8.settledown:to becomequiet and calm（使）安静下来；平息
9.flunk:v.to fail an exam or courseof study不及格
posure:n.calmnessandcontrol平静；镇静；沉着
11.parade:n.a seriesof peopleor things that appearone after the other
12.at stake:to be won or lost;risked受到威胁，面临危险
13.sail:v.to move quickly and effortlessly投入
14.testimony:n.spokenor written statementthat sth.is true证词，证明
15.conspiracy:n.act of joint planning of a crime阴谋，共谋
16.doom:v.to makesb.or sth.certain to do or experiencesth.unpleasant注定
17.follow through:to continue a stroke,motion,plan,or reasoningthrough to the end 将动作、计划等进行到底
18.I flunked my secondyearexamsandwas lucky not to be thrown out of college.
19.The managementdid not seemto consideroffice safetyto be a priority.
20.Thousandsof lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon.
21.I think therewas a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee.
Unit2
1.propose:v.[to sb.]to aska personto marry one提亲；求婚
2.knockoff:n.a copy or reproduction of a designetc.esp.one madeillegally假货；赝品
3.Windex:v.to clean with a kind of detergentby the brand of Windex用Windex牌清洁剂清洗
4.takethe plunge:to take a decisive first step,commit oneself irrevocably to a course
of action冒险尝试
5.bridesmaid:n.a girl or unmarried woman attending the bride at a wedding女傧相；伴娘
6.maid of honor:a principal bridesmaid女傧相
7.pastel:a.a pale andsubduedshadeor color轻淡柔和的色彩
8.taffeta:n.a plain-weave glossysilk塔夫绸
9.consignment:n.the action of entrusting goodsor saleor custody托运；托运的货物
10.entourage:n.a group of people in attendance on or accompany someone
important随从；随行人员
11.groomsman:n.a male friend officially attending the bridegroom at a wedding男傧相；伴郎
12.courtship:n.the activity or period of courting a woman with a view to marriage 求爱期；追求期
13.publicist:n.a personwho promotesor advertisessomething宣传人员；宣传代理人
14.monomaniacal:a.characterizedby mental illness in which a personis dominated
by oneirrational setof ideas对某事狂热的；偏执狂的
15.pharmacist:n.a personskilled or engagedin pharmacy;a personwho preparesor
dispenses medicine药剂师
16.whine:v.to utter a subduedhigh-pitched prolonged cry of distressor complaint 哀诉；诉怨
17.thwart:v.to run counter to,go against,oppose,hinder阻挠；阻止；对……构成阻力
18.cathedral:n.any important,large and imposing church总教堂；大教堂
19.quarantine:v.to isolate someoneor something that hasjust arrived from overseas
or hasbeenexposedto infection对……进行检疫隔离
20.petite:a.of small stature,chiefly of a woman or girl（女孩和妇女）娇小的
21.brim:v.[with]to be or becomefull to the edge注满
22.navigate:v.to direct,manage,steer给船舶、飞机等引航；导航
23.eerily:adv.fearfully or gloomily引起神秘感或害怕地
24.reminiscent:a.suggestiveor reminding(someone)提醒的；暗示的；像……的；使回忆起……的
25.drab:a.dull or lifeless无生气的；乏味的；单调的
26.relentlessly:adv.insistently and uncompromisingly不懈地；不屈不挠地；持续不断地
27.dank:a.unpleasantlydamp and cold阴湿的；阴冷的
28.tattered:a.torn or ragged破烂的；衣衫褴褛的
29.prognosis:n.a prediction of the likely outcome of a disease预后（指医生对疾病结果的预测）
30.trickle:v.to drip or run with tears滴；淌；细流
31.decadent:a.declining or decaying(from a stateof excellenceor prosperity)堕落的；颓废的
32.incision:n.a division madeby cutting,as onemadeduring surgery切开；切口
33.bolster:v.to support and strengthen支持；鼓励（某人）；改善；加强（某事物）
34.chemo:n.the treatment of disease,esp.infection or cancer,by means of
chemicals化疗
35.poach:v.to cook an egg without the shell in simmering,or over boiling,water水煮（荷包蛋）
36.consummately:pletely,to the highestdegree完全地；至上地
37.myriad:n.countlessnumber无数；极大数量
38.protrude:v.to extendor stick out伸出；突出
39.raspy:a.harsh刺耳的；焦躁的；易怒的
40.matrimonial a.of or pertaining to marriage婚姻的
41.We should be truly thankful to Mr.Deng Xiaoping for taking the plunge and
initiating the economic reform in China.
42.What is the useof whining about your bad luck?It is more important to find the
real causeof your misfortune.
43.The rising real estateprices thwarted his ambition of owning a houseof his own
in the big city.Disappointed,he returnedto his hometown.
44.He writes clearly and lightheartedly about the100best rivers and gives his expert
adviceon how to navigate their reaches.
Unit3
1.disingenuousness:n.slight dishonestyand lack of sincerity不老实
2.withering a.(of a look or remark,etc.)scornful or contemptuous(神情、话语）尖刻的
3.endorsev.to expressformal supportor approval赞同；认可；支持（意见、活动、某人等）
4.sequentiala.following in order of time or place按次序的；相继的；构成连续镜头的；顺序的；序列的
5.testimony n.written or spoken statementdeclaring that sth is true,esp one made
underoath（法庭上证人的）证词
6.nicotine n.poisonousoily substancefound in tobacco尼古丁；烟碱
7.the better part of:the majority of;the biggest part of大部分；主要部分
8.sophisticationn.quality of being sophisticated老练，复杂
9.allure n.a mysterious,exciting,or desirablequality诱惑力；魅力
10.extol v.(fml.)to praisehighly赞颂；赞扬；赞美
11.clad a.dressed;clothed穿衣的
12.pathology n.scientific study of diseases of the body病理（学）
13.perverse a.deliberately or stubbornly turning away from what is reasonableor
required错误的；荒谬的；反常的
14.exoneratev.(sb.from sth.):to declaresb.free from blame使免罪；免除
15.epidemiological a.connectedwith the study of the way diseasesspread,and how
to control them流行病学的
ndmark n.an event or development that marks a turning point or a stage里程碑，地标
17.bronchogenica.deriving from the bronchial tubes产生于支气管的；影响支气
管的
18.surrogaten.(fml)personor thing that actsor is usedinsteadof another;substitute 替代；代理
19.deride v.to treatsb./sth.asfunny andnot worthy of seriousattention取笑；嘲笑
20.exhaustively adv.very thoroughly;completely用尽一切地
rmal written businesscommunication（备忘的）记录
22.disinformation n.false information,intendedto mislead故意的假情报
23.obfuscatev.to make(sth.)confusedor difficult to understand使模糊；使混乱
24.spike v.to fastenor furnish with spikes把尖状物钉入
25.racketeering n.making money from illegal activities such as threatening people
or selling worthless,immoral,or illegal goodsor services.敲诈勒索；诈骗
26.gagglen.a group of people,especially thosethat are noisy or disorganized散乱的一群，缺乏组织的团体
27.skeptic n.a personwho hasdoubtsaboutthings that other peoplebelieve怀疑者
28.defraudv.to get sth.from sb.by deception;cheatsb.诈取；骗取
29.pandemicn.a diseasethat affects many people over a very wide area（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病
30.advocacyn.public support for a courseof action支持；拥护；鼓吹；（对某思想、行动方针、信念的）拥护；支持；提倡
31.After the police released their report,John was exonerated from all
responsibility for the accident.
32.In a speechat the Congress,the president extolled the virtues of free enterprise
andexpressed his distastefor the blatant hegemonyin IT industry.
33.I endorse everything that has been said from both sides of the House in support
and admiration of him and of the courageand fortitude that he and his family have displayed.
34.The poor woman was defrauded of her money by a dishonestaccountant.
Unit4
favor and 1.blessing n.thing that one is glad of,thing that brings happiness;God’ｓ
protection祝福；祷告
2.curse n.causeof evil,harm,destruction,etc.诅咒；咒骂；祸端
3.chitchat n.(infml.)chat;gossip闲谈；聊天
4.detritus n.a weekly hard rock and heavy metal e-zine featuring news,reviews,
rumors,special reports,andmore花边消息
5.suck v.(slang)If someonesaysthat something sucks,they are indicating that they
think it is very bad;somepeoplefind this useoffensive.令人不愉快；令人讨厌
6.con a.(slang)哄骗的
7.harry v.to annoy(sb.)with repeatedrequests,questions,etc.harass掠夺；使…苦恼；侵掠
8.snoopv.to searchor investigatein a persistentandsecretiveway窥伺；打听
9.shrivel v.to(causesth.to)shrink and wrinkle from heat,cold or dryness枯萎；干枯；皱缩
rge number(of questions,criticisms,etc.)delivered quickly,one after
the other一连串的批评
11.nanosecond n.毫微秒（时间单位）
12.catalyst n.personor thing that causesa change催化剂；刺激因素
13.mind-boggling a.(infml.)alarming;extraordinary or astonishing令人难以置信的
14.cook up:(infml.)to invent sth.,esp.in order to deceive编造；伪构；谋划
15.hasslev.to harass(sb.);to bother与…争辩；不断骚扰
16.irreconcilable a.that cannotbe reconciled不能和解的；不能协调的；矛盾的
17.salvagev.to save,rescue海上救助；打捞；抢救
18.far-flung a.spreadover a wide area;distributed widely辽阔的；漫长的；遥远的
19.visceral a.(fig.,fml.)(of feelings,etc.)not rational;instinctive（感情等）非理性的；直觉的
20.peck v.to strike sth.with the beak啄；啄食
21.lust n.strong sexualdesire;intensedesirefor sth.贪欲；欲望；色欲
22.hierarchy n.system with gradesof authority or status from lowest to the highest 等级制度；层级；统治集团
23.buffer n.country or area between two powerful states,lessening the risk of war
betweenthem缓冲；缓冲区
24.purveyor n.personor firm that supplies goodsor services供应商
25.spewv.to vomit;to sendout in a stream喷出；涌出；呕吐；吐出
26.vile a.extremely disgusting;despicableon moral grounds恶劣的；简陋的；低廉的
psen.a temporary lack of sth.such asconcentration or judgment暂时失去某物（如注意力、判断力等）
28.gentility n.genteelmannersand behavior有教养；文雅；出身高贵
29.lowercasea.Lowercase letters are small letters,not capital letters.用小写字母排印等的
30.run amok:to rush about in a wild and angry frenzy横行；胡作非为；乱冲乱杀
31.cobbletogether:to put sth.togetheror makesth.hastily or clumsily拙劣地修补
32.snippy a.(infml)尖刻的；言语唐突的
33.archive n.(pl)historical documentsor records档案；档案馆
34.curator n.personin chargeof a museum,an art gallery,etc.博物馆长
35.bemoanv.to show sorrow for or complain about(sb./sth.)悲叹；为…惋惜；认为遗憾
36.muster v.to gain sth.by collecting it from other people or by drawing it from
within oneself;summon sth.up集合；收集；鼓起；激起
37.multitude n.extremely large numberof peopleor things多数；群众
38.spurn.thing that urgesa personon to greateractivity;incentive刺激；鞭策
39.It is certainly undemocratic,and many peopleare beginning to feel that it borders
on the unconstitutional.
sheremarks,“yet it is just the desire to explain 40.“No t heory explains everything,”
everything which is the spur of theory.”
41.The archaeologist in the film knew that there was a curse upon anyone who
enteredthe pyramid.
42.A real love song is infinitely more appropriate for Christmas than a trashy song
cookedup as a commercial gimmick.
Unit5
1.innovation n.the processof making improvements by introducing sth.new;the
actof introducing sth.new;sth.newly introduced创新的过程新方法，新技术：新
介绍的东西
2.define v.to show clearly the edgeof sth.清楚地显示出轮廓
3.quantifiable a.can be quantified,measuredcapableof being quantified可以计量
的
4.rocket v.to move extremely quickly非常快速地运动
5.conundrum n.a problem that is difficult to deal with难以解决的问题
6.craft v.to make(sth.)skillfully,esp.by hand精工制作（某物）（尤指用手工）
7.flummox v.to bewilder,confuseor disconcert(sb.)使（某人）迷惑、糊涂或
仓皇失措
8.malaise n.a generalfeeling of bad health or lack of energy,or an uncomfortable
feeling that something is wrong(esp.with society)and a lack of ability to change
the situation微恙；不适，莫名的不安
9.stagnation n.(fig.)stateof showing no activity停滞
10.yearning n.strong desire,tender longing强烈的愿望，渴望
11.incentive n.thing that encouragessb.to do sth.;stimulus激励某人做某事的
事物，刺激，奖励
12.provocative a.tending or intended to arouseanger,annoyance,controversy,etc.
激起愤怒、恼恨、争论等的；挑衅的；煽动性的
13.perpetual a.continuing indefinitely;permanent永久的
14.ingenuity n.clevernessand originality in solving problems聪明，原创性地
解决问题
15.put a finger on sth.to know the reason for sth.,esp.sth.that is a problem;
identify precisely or point out(an error,the causeof a problem,etc.)知道某事的
理由（特别是问题），精确地发现或指出问题所在
16.lend oneself to:to allow oneself to be associatedwith sth.;adapt oneself or set
oneselfup to betreatedin a specialway同意参与；适合于
17.raison d’etre(French)a basic,essentialpurpose;a reasonto exist,reasonfor or
existence存在的目的或理由
justification of sb.’ｓ
/sth.’ｓ
18.green innovation:innovation which helps to protect the environment保护环境
的创新
19.I think you’ve just put your finger on the biggest problem facing the
Conservativeparty in this election.
20.Flummoxing by the surreality of history and the mind-boggling changes
unleashedin the60s,many writers in that era became minimalists,withdrawing,
turtlelike,inside their own homesand heads.
21.According to a survey of college graduatesrecently releasedby the government’ｓ
Council of Labor Affairs(CLA),the average starting monthly salary for college
graduatesin2006decreased,which revealsstagnation in economy.
22.Girls from dalit families,the lowest in the caste hierarchy in India have the
yearning for formal school education.
Unit6
1.reiterate:v.to say or do again or repeatedly再次或反覆说或做（某事物）
2.benign:a.tending to exert a beneficial influence;favorable易于产生有益影响的，有利的
3.transcend:v.to passbeyond the limits of:超出……的限度
4.unprecedented:a.neverhaving happenedor existedin thepast无先例的,空前的
5.resilience:n.the ability to recover quickly from illness,change,or misfortune迅速从变化中恢复过来的能力
6.disruptive:a.causing trouble and therefore stopping sth.from continuing as usual 破裂的，分裂的
7.skyrocket:v.to rise or causeto rise rapidly and suddenly迅速和突然地升高或使升高
xity:n.thestateor quality of being lax松弛的状态或性质
9.fiscal:a.of or relating to finance or finances财政的或与财政有关的
10.incur:v.to experience something,usually sth.unpleasant,as a result of actions
you have taken遭受；蒙受；招致；引起
11.intensification:n.action that makessth.strongeror more extreme激烈化
12.array:v.to arrangea group of things in a particular way为展示或使用而部署
13.folly:n.stupidity,or a stupid action,idea,etc.愚行，荒唐事
14.adversity:n.a difficult or unlucky situation or event逆境，困难或苦恼的状态，不幸
15.rigor:n.sth.that is hardto endure艰难的或难堪的情形，困境
16.dissipate:v.to(causeto)gradually disappearor waste使消散，驱散，弱到或几乎弱到消失的程度
17.embody:v.to representa quality or an ideaexactly体现，代表
18.covenant:n.a binding agreement;a compact盟约，契约，有约束力的协议
19.bypass:v.to ignore a rule or official authority为图省事而不顾规则
20.conflagration:n.alarge and violent event,such asa war,involving a lot of people 大型暴力事件，如战争
21.subdue:v.to reduce the force of sth.,or to prevent something from existing or
developing抑制，克制；使变得缓和，降低
22.revealing:a.showing or making known透露内情的，允许一瞥了知的
23.vilify:v.to say or write unpleasantthings about sb.or sth.,in order to causeother
peopleto have abad opinion of them污蔑，诋毁，中伤（某人）
24.whenit comesto:when the topic is picked up
25.more frequently than not:it occurs quite often that,alsomore often than not
26.In the following week,the question reiterated itself in his mind,but he was
incapableof answering it.
27.We were very rapidly using up a certain kind of irreplaceable asset,namely the
tolerancemarginswhich our benign naturealways provides.
28.We apologize for the sluggishness of TypePad-poweredsites this morning,and
causingit.
we’re working to resolvethe hardwareproblem that’ｓ
29.The conceptthat peopleareborn equalis embodiedin theAmerican Constitution.
Unit7
1.cult:n.sb.or sth.that has become very popular with a particular group of people 在特定人群中变得流行的人或事物
2.tenure:n.the right to remain permanently in a job永久地保有其职位的权利
3.stardom:n.fame名望，名气
4.waffle:v.to talk or write a lot without giving any useful information or any clear
answers胡乱地说或写
5.–mongering(suffix,mainly disapproving)encouraging a particular activity,
especiallyone which causestrouble（前缀，多贬义）促进某种行为的（尤其是
会导致麻烦的行为
6.arguably:adv.possibly可能地
7.blockbuster:n.(infml.)a book or film that is very successful,especially becauseof
its exciting contents成功的书或电影（尤其是因为内容精彩）
8.paste:v.to move a pieceof text to a particular place in a computer document（电脑）粘贴
9.mollify:v.(fml.)to make sb.feel lessangry and upsetabout sth.使（某人）息怒；使平静；抚慰
10.dire:a.very seriousor extreme很严重
11.overseer:n.a person whose job is to make certain that employeesare working or
that anactivity is being donecorrectly监督或指导他人工作的人
12.hurl:v.to utter vehemently感情激烈地说出
13.savage:v.to criticize sb.severely激烈抨击
14.flatulence:n.self-importance;pomposity自大；自负
15.squabble:n.petty or noisy quarrel吵闹和争执
16.exalted:a.having a very high rank andhighly respected崇高的，高贵的
17.till:v.to prepareland for growing crops[=cultivate]耕种
18.pontificate:v.to speak or write and give your opinion about sth.as if you knew
everything about it and asif only your opinion was correct武断地或自封为权威地谈论某事物
19.ghost-writer:n.sb.who is paid to write a book or story for another person,who
thensaysit is their own work影子写手；捉刀人
personal 20.memoir:n.(pl.)a book or other piece of writing based on the writer’ｓ
knowledge of famous people,placesor events（个人生活与经历的）回忆录;自传
21.hustle:v.to do sth.with a lot of energyand determination努力地做某事
22.moonlight:v.(infml.)to have a secondjob in addition to your main job从事第二职业：作为某人全职工作的额外工作去做另一份工作
23.short-change:v.to treat sb.unfairly by not giving them what they deserveor hoped
for未给以公正的报答或酬劳
24.ostentatious:a.too obviously showing your money,possessionsor power,in an
attempt to make other people notice and admire you为了让别人注意或羡慕自己，故意显示自己的钱，所有物或力量
25.ludicrous:a.stupid or unreasonableand deservingto be laughed at;ridiculous可笑的；荒唐的；愚蠢的
26.vista:n.an awarenessof a range of time,events,or subjects;a broad mental view 回顾或展望的一连串情景、事情等
27.populist:n.relating to or presenting ordinary people,rather than rich or
highly-educatedpeople平民主义者
28.trash:v.(infml.)to criticize sth.or sb.severely搞垮，贬低
29.besettingsin:n.aparticularly badfeature or habit(often usedhumorously)恶习
proposalsas well as Liberal’s.
30.The professor trashesConservative’ｓ
31.Politicians are always pontificating abouteducation.
32.He was askedto bethe overseerof the project.
33.He hurled a chair acrossthe set,smashingthe lamps and vases.
Unit8
1.bound: a.going or ready to go towards somewhere前往或准备前往一个特定
方向的
2.tribute:n.an act,statementor gift that is intended to show gratitude,respector
admiration表示敬意或称赞的行动、言语或礼物
3.chivalry:n.the medieval knightly systemwith its religious expectationof an ideal
knight,esp.courage,honor,courtesy,justice,and a readinessto help the weak骑士制度（中世纪的）；骑士精神（如勇气、荣誉感、谦恭及扶助弱小等）
4.reverent a.feeling or showing deepand solemn respect虔敬的；恭敬的
5.rally v.(of troops)to come together again in order to continue fighting after a
defeator dispersion召集，集合
6.forlorn a.(of an aim or endeavor)unlikely to succeedor be fulfilled;hopeless 无望的，几乎没有希望的；绝望的
7.custodian n.personwho hasresponsibility for or looks after sth.掌管某事物的人
opinions,decisions,etc.不屈8.unbending a.unable or unwilling to changeone’ｓ
服的，坚定的
9.spur n.a thing that prompts or encouragessomeone;an incentive刺激，鞭策
10.eulogy n.(a speechor piece of writing containing)high praise,usu.for a
personor their qualities称颂，赞美
11.relentless a.continuously severeor cruel冷酷的，狠心的
12.torrential a.causedby or like a violently rushing stream由急流引起的，似急流的
13.desolation n.a stateof complete emptinessor destruction废墟：处于荒芜的状态
14.indomitable a.too strong and brave to bediscouraged不可屈服的；不可战胜的
15.haze n.a slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere,typically causedby fine
suspended particles烟雾（造成能见度降低的大气潮气、尘埃、烟雾以及水汽）16.gaunt a.(of a person)lean and haggard,especially because of suffering,
hunger,or age（指人）（因饥饿或疾病）憔悴的,骨瘦如柴的
17.ghastly a.causinggreathorror or fear;extremely unwell可怕的；恐怖的
18.perpetuate v.to makecontinue indefinitely使无限期地延续下去
19.promulgate v.to promote or makewidely known宣扬（某事物）
20.serene a.calm,peaceful,and untroubled;tranquil安详的，不受干扰所影响的；平静和安定的
21.gladiator n.(in ancient Rome)an armedman who fought againstmen or wild
animalsin a public place asa form of entertainment格斗者，角斗士
22.guidepost n.a sign giving information such asthe direction and distanceto a
nearbytown,typically found at a road junction路标
23.beacon n.a tall object or a light on or near the shore,acting as guide or
warning to sailors灯塔；灯标
24.monger n.a person who promotes a specified activity,situation or feeling,
especially one that is undesirable or discreditable经营某一特定商品的商人,促成某一令人不快或不光彩的事发展的人
25.ominous a.giving a warning of sth.bad that is going to happen预兆的或成为预兆的（特别是坏的预兆的）
26.tint n.a paleor delicateshadeof a color;slight degreeof a color色调
27.We must give tribute to all thosewho helpedmake this a free country.
28.The new residential blocks were skillfully integrated with the rest of the College
to form a pleasing,self-containedwhole.
encouragementwas the spur he neededto succeed.
29.His wife’ｓ。