新概念课程讲解第四册Lesson17

Lesson 17A man-made disease⼈为的疾病 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

What factor helped to spread the disease of myxomatosis? In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. It overran a whole continent. It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created. Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population. It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable. Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence. A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis. It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate. It spread through France, Where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry. The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.【参考译⽂】在澳⼤利亚移民初期，⼀些有创业精神的移民不明智地把欧洲兔⼦引进了澳⼤利亚。

这种兔⼦在澳⼤利亚及新西兰没有天敌，因此便以兔⼦所特有的杂乱交配迅猛繁殖起来。

整个澳洲兔⼦成灾。

它们在地下打洞，吃掉本可以饲养数百万头⽜⽺的牧草，给澳洲⼤陆造成了毁灭性的破坏。

科学家们发现，这种特殊品种的兔⼦（显然不包括别的动物）易患⼀种叫“多发性粘液瘤”的致命毒性疾病。

通过让染上此病的动物在洞内乱跑，就可以使这种疾病在⼀个地区蔓延起来。

后来⼜发现，有⼀种蚊⼦是传播这种疾病的媒介，能把此病传染给兔⼦。

因此，世界上其他地⽅在设法消灭蚊⼦的时候，澳⼤利亚却在促使这种蚊⼦⼤量繁殖。

蚊⼦把这种疾病扩散到整个澳洲⼤陆，效果甚佳，结果兔⼦的数⽬在为减少。

后来，明显看出，兔⼦对这种疾病已产⽣了⼀定程度的免疫⼒，所以兔⼦不可能被完全消灭。

但是，已有希望解决兔⼦所带来的问题。

具有讽刺意味的是，欧洲把这种兔⼦作为有害动物传给澳洲，⽽欧洲⾃⼰却染上了这种⼈为的瘟疫般的疾病。

⼀位法国内科医⽣决定除掉⾃⼰庄园内的野兔⼦，于是引进了这种多发性粘液瘤疾病。

然⽽，这种疾病并未被局限在他的庄园内，结果在整个法国蔓延开来。

野兔在法国⼀般不被当作有害动物，⽽被视为打猎取乐的玩物和有⽤的⾷物来源。

这种疾病⼜蔓延到了英国。

在英国，野兔被当作有害的动物，可是家兔是赚钱的⽑⽪⼯业的基础，然⽽家兔同样易感染这种疾病。

现在的问题是，⼈类能否控制住这种⼈为的疾病。

1.settlement n.新拓居地例句：The Pilgrim Fathers made a settlement in America. ⾸批清教徒在美洲开拓了⼀个殖民地。

2.enterprising adj.有事业⼼的例句：The enterprising children opened a lemonade stand. ⼀些有进取⼼的孩⼦摆摊卖柠檬汽⽔。

3.settler n.移居者
4.Antipodes n.新西兰和澳⼤利亚（英）
5.promiscuous adj.杂乱的
6.abandon v.放任，纵情例句：He finally abandoned his reformist ideas. 他终于放弃了⾃⼰的改良主义思想。

7.overrun v.蔓延，泛滥例句：Weeds have overrun the garden. 花园中杂草蔓⽣。

8.devastation n.破坏，劫掠例句：If disease is allowed to spread among the crops,it will cause wide spread devastation. 若是让疾病在庄稼间传播,就会造成⼤范围的破坏。

9.burrow v.挖、掘
10.susceptible adj.易受感染的例句：This agreement is not susceptible to alteration. 这⼀协议不容更改。

11.virus n.病毒
12.myxomatosis n.多发性粘液瘤
13.infect v.传染
14.epidemic n.流⾏病
15.mosquito n.蚊⾍
16.carrier n.带菌者
17.exterminate v.消灭
18.ironically adv.具有讽刺意味地例句：she began to mimic him ironically. 她开始讽刺地模仿他。

19.bequeath v.把...传给
20.pest n.害⾍，有害动物
21.pestilence n.瘟疫
22.confine n.范围
23.domesticate v.驯养例句：It is possible to domesticate some wild animals. 有些野兽是可以驯养的。

1.This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. natural enemies是指天敌。

so that在这⾥引导的是结果状语从句。

有时so that也可引导⽬的状语从句。

具体的区别⽅法在语法部分详细讲解。

2.Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. no other没有别的例句：The facts allow no other explanation. 事实不容许有其他的解释。

No other major insurer acts with equal restraint. 在同业中再没有其它任何⼀家保险公司有我们如此⾼的⾃制⼒。

ter it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. act as 担任,扮演,充当,起…作⽤例句：Then you have to act as a dishwasher yourself. 那么就由你来充当洗碗机吧。

This oil acts as a purgative/has a purgative effect. 这种油有催泻作⽤。

4.So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. get rid of摆脱,除掉,扔掉,⼲掉,消灭例句：We'll have to get rid of him he never does a stroke. 我们得把他弄⾛--他什么活⼉都不⼲。

5.It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. It在这⾥是形式主语，真正的主语是后⾯that引导的从句。

be unlikely to不可能…… 例句：It is unlikely to rain/that it will rain. 不太可能下⾬。

She is unlikely to market philosophical views. 她未必会兜售哲学观点。

resistance to sth对某物的抵抗⼒so that既可引导⽬的状语从句也可引导结果状语从句。

那么，在实际使⽤过程中如何区别它们呢？下⾯就语义关系和结构形式对这两种从句进⾏辨析说明。

(1)⽬的是以观念形态存在的潜在的可能性和意欲，不是事实。

这⼀潜在的可能性或意欲的实现，则是结果。

⽬的是主观意念，结果是客观现实。

因此，从句若反映⼀种意欲、⼀种可能性，则是⽬的从句；若是⼀种事实，就是结果从句。

试⽐较： I'm going to take an early bus so that I'll get there in time．（purpose）我打算乘早班公共汽车，以便及时赶到那⾥。

I took an early bus so that I got there in time．（result）我乘了早班公共汽车，及时到了那⾥。

(2)⽬的从句表⽰动机（即⼀种可能性），并⾮事实，只是想要达到某个结果的意愿，因⽽从句中多⽤假定性的谓语动词。

常有
can，many，will，could，might，would，should等情态动词。

情态动词本⾝并⽆词汇意义，只是⼀种虚拟⽤法。

结果从句表⽰客观事实，所以⽤陈述语⽓的谓语动词，从句中常⽆情态动词。

试⽐较： We planted many shrubs so that the garden should／might look more beautiful．（purpose）我们栽了很多灌⽊，为了让花园看起来更美⼀些。

We planted many shrubs，so that the garden soon looked more beautiful．（re-sult）我们栽了很多灌⽊，花园⾥不久就好看多了。

I always write so carefully that I may make my meaning clear．（purpose）我写作总是字斟句酌，是为了让⼈看懂我的意思。

I always write so carefully that I make my meaning clear．（result）我写作总是字斟句酌，结果把意思讲得⼀清⼆楚。

Every precaution was taken that the plan might not fail．（purpose）已经采取了各种措施，好让计划不致遭失败。

I must be getting absent-minded that I forgot to bring my ticket．（result）我⼀定是⼼不在焉，结果票也忘了带。

注意，从句中如⽤情态动词could，有时会使得⽬的和结果的界线模糊。

⽐如下⾯这个句⼦既可表⽰结果也可表⽰⽬的： He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him．（result or purpose）这种情况下，只有依靠上下⽂来判断从句是表⽰结果还是⽬的。

有时，即使从句中⽤了can，could，should等，但整句的意思是明确的，因此，它仍是⼀个结果状语从句。

请看下⾯三个句⼦： The room was packed with people，so that we couldn't get in．房间⾥挤满了⼈，我们进不去。

It is raining，so that I cannot go out．天在下⾬，我出不去了。

What have I done that you should be so angry with me？我⼲了些什么使你对我如此恼⽕？ (3)⽬的状语从句与主句的关系紧密，在讲话时⼀⽓呵成，⽽结果从句则是句⼦的外在因素，讲话时往往在主句和从句之间须略加停顿，书写时⼀般⽤逗号断开。

试⽐较： We all arrived at eight，so（that）the meeting began promptly．（result）我们都是⼋点到达的，结果会议马上就开始了。

We'll come at eight（so）that the meeting can begin early．（purpose）我们要⼋点来，以便会议能早点开始。

He violated the regulation，so he was punished．（result）他违反了规章制度，所以他受了处分。

I sent the letter airmail so he would gat it right now．（purpose）此信我航空寄发，好让他⽴即收到。