16-第十六章准时制与精益生产系统1.doc

16-第十六章准时制与精益生产系统1

第十六章准时制与精益生产系统

主要内容Outline

16.1 准时制和精益生产[Just-in-Time and Lean Production]

[减少浪费(存储+检查+延迟+闲置)+减少偏差+拉动式+短周期+零库存]

16.2供应商[Suppliers]

•JIT伙伴关系的目标Goals of JIT Partnerships

[减少不必要活动+减少在制品库存+减少在途库存(寄售库存)+淘汰不合格供应商]

•供应商关注的问题Concerns of Suppliers

[对多样性的需要+顾客计划差+工程变更多+质量保证要求严+少批量+地理临近]

16.3 JIT布置[JIT Layout]

•短距离Distance Reduction

•增加柔性Increased Flexibility

•对员工的影响Impact on Employees[交流+沟通+学习]

•减少空间和库存Reduced Space and Inventory

16.4库存[Inventory]-准时制库存

•降低偏差Reduce Variability

•减少库存Reduce Inventory

•缩小批量Reduce Lot Sizes

•降低调整成本Reduce Setup Costs

16.5调度[Scheduling]

•平准作业计划Level Schedules

•看板Kanban

16.6质量[Quality][高质量+低成本+少库存]

16.7员工授权[Employee Empowerment]

[最了解一项工作的人是从事这项工作的人]

16.8精益生产[Lean Production]

•建立精益组织Building a Lean Organization

•5 S’s[]5S-引进家务管理的结果

[4S 店=Sale、Spare part、Service、Survey，汽车特许经营模式。] +整理/清除Sort/segregate

+简化/整顿Simplify/straighten

+清洁/打扫Shine/sweep

+标准化Standardize

+保持/自律Sustain/self-discipline

Two additional Ss

+安全Safety

+支持/维护Support/maintenance

•七种浪费Ohno’s Seven Wastes大野耐一[Taiichi Ohno] +过量生产Overproduction

+排队等待Queues

+多余运输Transportation

+多余库存Inventory

+多余动作Motion

+过度加工Over processing

+缺陷Defective products

16.9服务业的JIT[JIT In Services]

Transparency Masters to accompany Heizer/Render –Principles of Operations Management, 5e, and Operations Management, 7e

©2004 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458 16-7

Supplier –Production –Distribution

System

Supplier Distribution

Inventories

Raw material

in-transit

Sub-assembly

parts in-transit

Maintenance, repair, and ordering supplies in-transit Raw Material

Inventory

Work-in-process

Inventory

Factory

Finished

Goods

Inventory

Component

Inventory

MRO

Inventory

Purchasing

Production and

Inventory Control

Shipping and

Traffic

Retailer

Inventory

Orders

Warehouse

Inventory Productions Inventories Customer

Distribution

Inventories

Orders

[案例] 格林动力单车公司Global Company Profile: Green Gear Cycling

•Bike Friday 是一款装在手提箱里的自行车，单+双人自行车。

•生产是按订单生产的；[高质量+高度定制+价格实惠+一天]

•采用大规模定时生产方式进行生产；[快速响应订单+快速生产+高效的供应商合作-低库存+工作单元加工+消除设备调整时间]

⇨JIT作为一种持续改进的理念，它有助于消除浪费，支持精益组织；

⇨精益组织的10个基本要素

•灵活的的资源

•成组单元布置

•拉动系统

•看板

•小批量

•设备的快速调整

•均衡生产