高中英语Module1 SectionⅤWriting_描述一个地方教案外研版选修8

Section Ⅴ Writing-描述一个地方
[技法指导]
描述一个地方就是对某一地方的自然环境、人文特点、历史风貌等进行描述。

写此类文章应注意以下几点：
1．内容一般包括该地方的位置、面积、人口、历史、气候、特产等。

也可以适当地融入人文风貌，简单介绍当地的文化遗址、民间风俗及有趣的生活方式等。

但是一定要抓住该地方的主要特色，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。

2．要遵循一定的写作顺序。

描述该地方的位置时，首先要找好中心点，再由近及远，也可以先整体后局部，或按照一定时间层次或空间层次。

描述时可以适当使用过渡性连接词。

3．可以适当运用比喻句式。

形象的比喻可以给读者展示一幅生动的画面。

黄金表达：教你如何营造亮点
1．China is a large country with a long history and a large population.
2．The weather here is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.
3．It covers an area of about 14 million square kilometers, which makes up almost one tenth of the world's total land area.
4．Its winter is very long, which lasts from April to October.
5．It is so cold that very few plants can live there.
6．Although there are no humans living there, it is rich in iron, coal, gas and other natural resources.
[写作规范]
[题目要求]
请根据以下信息，写一篇文章介绍广州的基本情况，内容要包括以下几点：
1．广州有“花城”的美誉。

2．有2 200多年的历史，是中国古代“海上丝绸之路”的发祥地。

3．大约有人口1 000万，面积7 434平方千米。

4．旅游资源丰富，有著名的“羊城八景”，现以其迷人风采，吸引了来自世界各地的海内外游客。

参考词汇：发祥地birthplace；海上丝绸之路 The Road of Silk on the Sea；羊城八景 Guangzhou Hakkei
要求：词数100左右。

[三步作文法]
第一步：搜索词汇
1．位于 be_located/situated_in
2．有……的历史 with_a_history_of
3．占……面积 cover_an_area_of
4．被命名为 be_named_as
5．吸引 appeal_to/attract/draw_one's_attention_to
第二步：由词造句
1．根据汉语提示完成句子
①众所周知广州是一个美丽的城市。

It_is_well_known_that Guangzhou is a city of much beauty.
②广州市占地7 434平方千米。

Guangzhou covers_an_area_of 7,434 square kilometers.
③广州有约1 000万人口。

Guangzhou has_a_population_of 10 million or so.
④广州旅游资源丰富。

Guangzhou has_rich_tourist_resources.
⑤广州吸引了越来越多的来自世界各地的游客。

Guangzhou is_appealing_to_more_and_more_tourists from all over the world.
2．句式升级
⑥把①句进行句式转换
→As_is_well_known,_Guangzhou is a city of much beauty.(as 引导的定语从句) →What_is_well_known_is that Guangzhou is a city of much beauty.(what 引导的主语从句)
⑦把②③句合并为一句话 Guangzhou_covers_an_area_of_7,434_square_kilometers_with_a_population_of_10_million_or_so.
⑧用定语从句合并④⑤句 Guangzhou_has_rich_tourist_resources,_which_is_appealing_to_more_and_more_t ourists_from_all_over_the_world.
第三步：连句成篇 It is well known that Guangzhou is a city of much beauty. Located in the middle of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, the capital city of Guangdong, is an ancient city with a history of over 2,200 years. It was once the birthplace of “The Road of Silk on the Sea”. It covers an area of 7,434 square kilometers with a population of 10 million or so. Because it is warm and flowery all the year round, it is also called “Flowery City”. Since 1982, Guangzhou has been named as one of the first historical and cultural cities.
Guangzhou has rich tourist resources such as Guangzhou Hakkei, which is appealing to more and more tourists from all over the world.
[对应学生课下能力提升(四)]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Thanks to El Nin ～
o, California's coastal waters have become more suitable for fish from the tropics (热带地区) to live.Hammerhead sharks are among them.
“For over a year now, a lot of warm water fish that we don't usually see have been coming up ，” said Rick Feeney, fish expert from the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
The arrival of large numbers of big fish like wahoo and tuna has also promoted California's saltwater sport fishing industry, which brings in about $ 1.8 billion a year.
“All the sport fish from Mexico are coming up here.In fact, there are probably more sport fish up here than there are down at the tip of Baja where they usually are.Things like marlin, yellowtail, wahoo, yellow fin tuna, blue fin tuna, all sorts of things that fishermen love to catch ，” said Feeney.
But southern California's warmer waters fish are forcing out other species that the local wildlife depends on.
“Fish like anchovies and sardines have moved on.And a lot of baby seals and baby sea lions are starving because the mothers can't find enough food.That might
be one of the effects of El Nin ～
o ，” explained Feeney.
Researchers say the northern migration (迁徙) of fish in the Pacific Ocean has been one of the most dynamic effects of the climate phenomenon.
“Historically , it's a temporary change, and once El Nin ～
o stops, the fish just go back to the cold waters.But we all know about global warming, and year by year we don't know how many of these fish will actually stick around and reproduce (繁殖)，” said Fenney.
语篇解读：本文介绍了厄尔尼诺现象造成的鱼类迁徙及其对加州海域食物链的影响。

1．What can be the best title for the text?
A ．A Once­in­a­lifetime Big Catch
B ．El Nin ～
o and the Tropical Fish
C ．The Fishing Industry in Baja and California
D ．El Nin ～
o Brings Unexpected Fish to California
解析：选D 标题归纳题。

根据第一段的第一句“由于厄尔尼诺现象，加州海岸水域更加适合暖水区的鱼类生存”和下文所列出的具体的例子可知，本文的最佳标题是“厄尔尼诺给加州带来了意想不到的鱼类”。

2．Which of the following fish are from warm waters?
A ．Wahoo and sardines.
B ．Tuna and anchovies.
C ．Hammerhead sharks.
D ．Marlin and sea lions.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

根据文章第一段的第二句话可知，锤头鲨是来自暖水区的鱼。

故选C 。

3．What do we know about the seals according to Feeney?
A ．The baby seals may die of cold.
B ．The baby seals may die of hunger.
C ．The seals may stop reproducing.
D ．The seals may move to the south.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

根据第六段的“And a lot of baby seals and baby sea lions are starving because the mothers can't find enough food”可知，小海豹可能会死于饥饿。

故选B 。

4．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A ．the fish have brought a big profit to Mexico
B ．the fish experts are happy to see more sport fish
C ．the fish will stay off the California coast for many years
D ．the fish have affected the food chain off the California coast
解析：选D 推理判断题。

根据文章的第五段和第六段可知，南加州暖水区鱼类把本地野生生物所依赖的其他物种排挤了出去。

有些动物的幼崽由于没有足够的食物而挨饿，由此可以推测出暖水区鱼类的到来影响了加州海域的食物链。

故选D 。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Here, sleep experts clear up some of the biggest misunderstandings about sleep they see with their patients, which could weaken your ability to have a night of good sleep.
Myth ：__1__
The latest research shows that the right amount of sleep may vary from person to person and should leave you feeling energized the next day. I'm a sleep doctor. Take myself for example. __2__
Myth: Don't fall asleep with the TV on.
I've cured more people suffering from sleep problems than you can imagine by telling people it's OK to fall asleep with the TV on. __3__ Control the watching time so it doesn't affect your sleep later in the night.
Myth: You can catch up on lost sleep on the weekend. __4__ A Harvard study found that even if you sleep for an extra 10 hours on the weekend to make up for only sleeping six hours a night for two weeks, those extra hours won't improve your reaction times or ability to focus. Plus, sleeping late throws off your biological clock, which can lead to obesity, diabetes and heart disease.
Myth: Alcohol can help you rest easy.
__5__ Alcohol may relax you so you nod off quicker, but studies show you'll wake up more and get less of deep sleep you need to feel rested.
A．You need 8 hours' sleep a night.
B．A lack of sleep can cause anxiety.
C．We take unscheduled naps during the weekend.
D．I've been a 6.5­hour sleeper in my entire adult life.
E．Many people can't turn off their brains, but watching TV helps.
F．People commonly use alcohol to fall asleep, but it doesn't work.
G．You can't make up for too little sleep by sleeping more at weekends.
语篇解读：本文为说明文。

作者澄清了人们关于睡眠的几个错误观点，比如你一晚上需要8小时的睡眠、不能开着电视睡觉等。

1．解析：选A 由语境及上文的“clear up some of the biggest misunderstandings about sleep”可推测出Myth在此意为“错误观念”。

根据下文的“the right amount of sleep may vary from person to person”可知，对每个人来说，适当的睡眠时间都是不同的，故可知此处澄清的错误观念是A项“你一晚上需要八个小时的睡眠”。

2．解析：选D 根据语境尤其是上文的“the right amount of sleep may vary from person to person ...Take myself for example”可知，空处应是作者举例说明自己每晚需要的睡眠时间，故选D项，表示作者成年以后一直每晚睡6.5小时。

3．解析：选E 空处解释说明了上文的“I've cured more people suffering from sleep problems than you can imagine by telling people it's OK to fall asleep with the TV on”的原因，表示许多人不能让他们的大脑放松下来，但看电视能够对他们有所帮助。

文中的“more people suffering from sleep problems”与E项中的“Many people can't turn off their brains”对应。

4．解析：选G 本空所在段落的错误观点是通过在周末睡更长时间来弥补平时缺失的睡眠。

G项与之相呼应。

5．解析：选F F项中的“People commonly use alcohol to fall asleep”与上文的“Alcohol can help you rest easy”以及下文的“Alcohol may relax you so you nod off quicker”相对应，“but it doesn't work”与下文的“you'll wake up more and get less of deep sleep you need to feel rested”相对应。

Ⅲ.完形填空
We've all done it. Run upstairs to get your keys, but __1__ what you're looking for once you get to the bedroom.Open the fridge door and __2__ the middle shelf, only to realize that we can't remember why we opened the fridge __3__. Or wait for a moment to interrupt a friend to find that the __4__ issue that made us want to interrupt has now __5__ from our minds just as we come to speak: “What did I wan t to say？”We ask a(n) __6__ audience, who all think “how should we know”．__7__ these errors can be embarrassing, they are also __8__. It's known as the “Doorway Effect”， and it reveals some important __9__ of how our minds are organized. Understanding this might help us appreciate those temporary __10__ of forgetfulness as more than just a(n) __11__ (although they will still be annoying)．As we move __12__ our days, our attention shifts between these __13__ — from our goals and ambitions, to plans and strategies, and to the lowest levels, our concrete actions. When things are going __14__， often in familiar situations, we keep our attention on what we want and how we do it seems to take care of itself. If you're a skilled driver, then you manage the gears, indicators and wheels __15__，and your attention is probably __16__ the less routine business of navigating the traffic or __17__ to your passengers. When things are less routine we have to shift our attention to the __18__ of what we're doing, taking our minds off the bigger picture for a moment. Hence the conversation __19__ as the driver gets to a tricky junction (交叉路口 ), or the engine starts to make a funny sound.
The Doorway Effect occurs when our attention moves between levels, and it
reflects the __20__ of our memories — even memories for what we were about to do — on the environment we're in.
语篇解读：我们每个人都曾有过上楼去拿钥匙，但是到了楼上却忘了自己的初衷；打开冰箱门，伸手探向中间那一层，却忘记自己究竟为什么要打开冰箱等类似的情形。

这是非常普遍的现象，被称之为“门口效应”。

1．A.remember B．forget
C．discover D．find
解析：选B 文章第一段举了三个例子来引出“门口效应”这一现象，根据下文的“we can't remember”可知，此处指当你跑去楼上拿钥匙时，你却忘记(forget)要找什么。

remember意为“记得；回忆起”；discover意为“发现；发觉”；find意为“发现；找到”。

2．A.reach for B．get over
C．stand by D．set aside
解析：选A 本句继续讲“门口效应”的例子：打开冰箱门时竟然忘了为什么要打开冰箱。

reach for意为“伸手(以碰触)”，符合语境。

get over意为“从(疾病)中康复过来；完成(某事)”；stand by意为“袖手旁观”；set aside意为“留出；拨出(时间、金钱等)；对……置之不理”。

3．A.at once B．for the first time
C．above all D．in the first place
解析：选D 根据语境及设空前的“we can't remember”可知，此处指打开冰箱后却忘记起初为什么要打开冰箱。

in the first place意为“起初；一开始”，符合语境。

at once 意为“立刻；马上”；for the first time意为“第一次”；above all意为“最重要的是”。

4．A.related B．trivial
C．memorable D．burning
解析：选D 本句讲述第三个“门口效应”的例子：当我们急于打断朋友，却忘记了什么急事使我们这样。

burning意为“迫在眉睫的”，符合语境。

故选D项。

related意为“有关的；相关的”；trivial意为“微不足道的”；memorable意为“值得纪念的”。

5．A.changed B．occurred
C．disappeared D．reserved
解析：选C 结合上文中出现的“can't remember”及空后的“from our minds just as we come to speak：‘What did I want to say？’”可知，当我们想说时，迫在眉睫的事情却从我们的脑海里消失了(disappeared)。

change意为“变化；改变；转变”；occur意为“发生”；reserve意为“预订；保留”。

6．A.excited B．confused
C．unexpected D．depressed
解析：选 B 我们本来打断朋友想说什么，但是却反过来问听者“我刚才想说什么来着？”，再结合空后的“who all think‘how should we know’”可知，这让听者非常困惑。

excited意为“兴奋的；激动的”；confused意为“困惑的；糊涂的”；unexpected 意为“想不到的；意外的”；depressed意为“沮丧的；消沉的”。

故选B项。

7．A.Unless B．Since
C．Although D．But
解析：选C 由文章第一段所举的例子可知，尽管(Although)生活中的这些错误会让我们感觉很尴尬，但这样的例子还是很常见。

根据语境可知，设空处表让步，故选C项。

8．mon B．strange
C．rare D．significant
解析：选A 解析见上题。

strange意为“奇怪的；不同寻常的”；rare意为“罕见的；稀有的”；significant意为“重要的；重大的”。

9．A.issues B．features
C．aspects D．purposes
解析：选B 根据空前的“reveals”及空后的“how our minds are organized”可知，此处指“门口效应”揭示出了我们的思维是如何组织起来的一些重要特征。

issue意为“问题；议题”；aspect意为“方面”；purpose意为“目的”。

10．A.periods B．moments
C．attitudes D．memories
解析：选B 根据文章第一段所举的例子可知，“门口效应”产生的这种失忆是暂时的现象。

moment意为“片刻；瞬间”，符合语境。

故选B项。

period意为“时期”；attitude 意为“态度”；memory意为“记忆；回忆”。

11．A.depression B．puzzle
C．annoyance D．surprise
解析：选C 根据空后括号里的“although they will still be annoying”可知，此处指人由于失忆而感到烦恼(annoyance)。

故选C项。

depression意为“沮丧；萧条”；puzzle 意为“谜；困惑；难题”；surprise意为“惊喜；惊讶”。

12．A.in B．toward
C．by D．through
解析：选D 根据空后的“our days”可知，此处指在我们度过每一天的过程中。

through 指“自始至终；在整个期间”，符合语境。

故选D项。

13．A.gaps B．lines
C．minds D．levels
解析：选D 根据空后的“from our goals and ambitions，to plans and strategies, and to the lowest levels, our concrete actions”可知，此处指我们的注意力在不同层次(levels)间不断转换。

根据本句中的lowest levels及最后一段中的between levels可知答案为D项。

14．A.directly B．well
C．straight D．away
解析：选B 根据设空后的“often in familiar situations, we keep our attention on what we want and how we do it seems to take care of itself”可知，当处于熟悉的状况时，我们的注意力会集中于我们想做的事情上。

这些时候往往是事情按部就班、顺利发展的时候，故选B项。

15．A.automatically B．flexibly
C．regularly D．personally
解析：选A 根据上文的“take care of itself”及设空后对司机开车的描述可知，此处指熟练的司机能够自动操控汽车。

automatically意为“自动地”；flexibly意为“有弹性地；灵活地”；regularly意为“有规律地；定期地”；personally意为“亲自地”。

根据语境可知选A项。

16．A.stuck up B．held up
C．caught up in D．taken up
解析：选C 根据空前的“take care of itself”，“skilled”及空后的“the less routine business of navigating the traffic ...”可知，此处指司机把精力集中于其他一些与驾驶不相关的事情上。

be caught up in意为“卷入；陷入”，符合语境。

stick up 意为“竖起”；hold up意为“支撑；阻挡”；take up意为“拿起；占据；从事”。

17．A.driving B．singing
C．taking D．talking
解析：选D 根据下文中的“conversation”可知，此处指司机与乘客交谈(talking)。

18．A.details B．abstraction
C．situations D．problems
解析：选A 根据上文的“routine business”可知，此处指当事情不是一些日常活动时，我们会把注意力转移到我们正在做的琐事上。

detail意为“细节；琐事”，符合语境。

abstraction意为“抽象；心不在焉”；situation意为“形势；处境；状况”；problem 意为“问题”。

19．A.pauses B．starts
C．lasts D．misses
解析：选A 根据设空后的“as the driver gets to a tricky junction (交叉路口), or the engine starts to make a funny sound”可知，此处指司机与乘客的对话停止
(pauses)。

start意为“开始”；last意为“持续”；miss意为“错失”。

20．A.disbelief B．confusion
C．reliance D．attraction
解析：选C 根据最后一段可知，“门口效应”发生在我们的注意力在不同层次间游移时，而这反映了记忆力依赖我们所处的环境。

故选C项。

disbelief意为“不相信；怀疑”；confusion意为“疑惑；困惑”；attraction意为“吸引力”。

Ⅳ.语法填空
The Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the __1__ (large) of the Earth's oceans, covering about 46% of the Earth's water surface and 32% of its total surface area.It extends __2__ the Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south, __3__ (surround) by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.
The Pacific Ocean contains about 25,000 islands.The __4__ (major) of them are found south of the equator.__5__ water near the equator is less salty than that found in the midlatitudes (中纬度) for __6__ (abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year.
The surface circulation of Pacific waters is __7__ (general) clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter­clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
The exploitation of the Pacific's mineral wealth is various, __8__ is influenced by the ocean's great depths.In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, natural gas is produced, and pearls __9__ (harvest) along the coasts of Australia, Japan and the Philippines.One more thing worth __10__ (mention) is that the Pacific's greatest wealth is its fish.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界上最大的大洋——太平洋。

1．largest 考查形容词最高级。

根据句意及空前的“the”可知，此处应该使用形容词的最高级形式。

2．from 考查介词。

此处指它从北半球的北极延伸到南半球的南极地区。

from与后面的“to”形成对应。

3．surrounded 考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作伴随状语，且由空格后的“by”可知，此处指的是太平洋被围绕，表被动，故应用过去分词。

4．majority 考查名词。

由空前的“The”和空后的“of”可知，这里应填一个名词。

major本身可以作名词，表示“专业”，显然不符合语境。

此处应用majority“大部分”。

5．The 考查冠词。

根据water后面的修饰语“near the equator”可知，此处应用定冠词The表特指。

6．abundant 考查形容词。

根据语境和句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语修饰名词，故应用其形容词形式。

7．generally 考查副词。

此处表示通常，太平洋水域的表面循环在北半球是顺时针方向的，在南半球是逆时针方向的。

应用副词修饰整个句子，故用generally。

8．which 考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The exploitation，且在从句中作主语，故只能用which。

9．are harvested 考查时态和语态。

根据句子结构可知，pearls与harvest之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且本文的基本时态为一般现在时，故此处也需用一般现在时，故填are harvested。

10．mentioning 考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作worth的宾语，worth后接动词时应用其­ing形式，即用主动形式表被动含义。

worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。

Ⅴ.短文改错
How time flies！I had hardly had time to enjoy the warmth of my home while it's time go back to school.This winter I spend ten days studying maths, chemistry and physics, none of which was easily for me.
And I still had some fun during the Spring Festival.I had attended my uncle's wedding and my new aunt was very beautiful.To my disappoint, I didn't get many lucky money as I had expected.I also went to the cinema with several classmates.We played jokes on each other and had a big meal in a restaurant calling “Red Lobster”．The food there was very delicious and we all really enjoyed myself.
答案：第二句：while→when; time后加to
第三句：spend→spent; easily→easy
第四句：And→But
第五句：去掉had
第六句：disappoint→disappointment; many→much
第八句：calling→called
第九句：myself→ourselves
单元质量检测(一)
(时间：100分钟满分：120分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
How to Save Money to Visit Shanghai Disneyland The “happiest place on earth” is a top destination on many families' bucket lists.But taking a vacation to Disney World can be difficult to do on budget.There are some considerations that you can make to reduce the cost of your Disney World vacation.
1．Come Prepared
Plan ahead so that you don't have to purchase a necessity at Disneyland that you could have brought from home.For example, check the weather so that you don't need to buy a rain poncho or an umbrella.
2．Buy Souvenirs in Advance
Disney has influenced practically every industry, which makes it easy to find Disney items anywhere, from Walmart, Target, and your local grocery stores to department stores and Amazon.You can save a lot of money by purchasing items before your trip at these less expensive places than at Disneyland.
3．Make an Autograph Book
An autograph book is seen as a must­have by many Disneyland enthusiasts and is a memory you can take home with you.These books can cost anywhere from $ 7.95 to $ 19.95 at the Disney Store and up to $ 30 for the latest­and­greatest autograph book at Disneyland, such as the park's 60th anniversary edition.Other choices can get the job done for under $ 5.For example, you can buy a small photo album, cute pads or notebooks.
4．Take Advantage of Discounts Offered to Special Groups
Disney offers a wide variety of discounts, including for military service members, college students, teachers, and youth groups.If you think you might qualify for a special discount or group rate, call the Disneyland Resort to book tickets.
语篇解读：迪士尼乐园被许多家庭都列为一家人最想去的地方。

然而，怎样在享受迪士尼乐园之旅的同时节省开支呢？本文给我们提出了一些实用的建议。

1．It may take you more money to buy souvenirs at ________.
A．Amazon B．department stores
C．Walmart D．Disneyland
解析：选D 细节理解题。

根据Buy Souvenirs in Advance部分的“You can save a lot of money by purchasing items before your trip at these less expensive places than at Disneyland.”可知，在迪士尼乐园里面买纪念品价格更高。

2．How much do you pay for the park's 60th anniversary autograph book?
A．$ 30. B．$ 19.95.
C．$ 7.95. D．$ 5.
解析：选A 细节理解题。

根据Make an Autograph Book部分的“... at the Disney Store and up to $ 30 for the latest­and­greatest autograph book at Disneyland, such as the park's 60th anniversary edition.”可知，迪士尼乐园的60周年纪念版签名簿可以卖到30美元。

故选A项。

3．Who can't enjoy the low­priced tickets?
A．All the college students.
B．All the young people.
C．All the teachers.
D．All the military service members.
解析：选 B 推理判断题。

由最后一部分的“Disney offers a wide variety of discounts, including for military service members, college students, teachers, and yout h groups.”可知，军人、大学生、教师以及青年团队可以享受优惠；再结合后面的group rate可知，青年团队属于团队优惠，所以不是所有年轻人都可享受优惠。

故选B项。

B
I took a trip to Antarctica last year.
First I flew from Buenos Aires, Argentina, to the city of Rio Gallegos in a military (军事的) plane. Then the plane took me and the others to Marambio base, in Antarctica from Rio Gallegos. During the four­hour trip in the_Hercules,_I was impressed by the ice around us.
As I set foot in Antarctica for the first time in my life, a rush of glory ran through me. The scientists on board told me about the ozone layer (臭氧层) and the British explorer Ernest Shackelton, the second man to set foot in Antarctica. I will never forget what I was told about the ozone layer. I was told it was getting thinner and thinner because of pollution and emission gases, which eventually would change the weather balance in the whole planet. I couldn't help feeling worried about the future of humans after I heard that.
In Esperanza base there are elementary schools for kids. In Jubany base I saw igloos (拱形圆顶小屋) and it was interesting to learn that only scientists lived there. I was allowed to get near the Antarctic animals. The penguins are my favorite because they are cute and I like the way they stick out their heads in curiosity, the way they walk and how they survive in harsh temperatures. I also saw elephant seals, which from the distance looked like rocks. I was also amazed at watching the amazing humpback whales (座头鲸) for the first time in my life.
After my nine­day trip, I boarded the Hercules to get back. I felt as if I had been on this trip forever because I had lost track of time and space. I also realized that this had been a magical trip.
语篇解读：作者跟随一些科学家去了一趟南极，跟那里的一些动物进行了亲密接触。

4．What does the underlined part “the Hercules” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?
A．A ship. B．A plane.
C．A base. D．A city.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

根据第二段的“Then the plane took me and the others to Marambio base”以及“I was impressed by the ice around us.”可推断，画线部分是指作者他们乘坐的飞机。

5．What the scientists told the author about the ozone layer was ________.
A．interesting B．positive
C．concerning D．useless
解析：选C 推理判断题。

根据第三段的“I couldn't help feeling worried about the
future of humans after I hear d that.”可知，作者觉得这些信息很令人担忧。

6．What did the author do after he/she set foot in Antarctica?
A．He/She lived in an igloo.
B．He/She observed some penguins.
C．He/She saw some rocks.
D．He/She played with an elephant seal.
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据第四段的“I was allowed to get nea r the Antarctic animals. The penguins are my favorite”可知，作者在那里观察了一些企鹅。

7．The author most probably considered his/her trip to be ________.
A．disappointing B．relaxing
C．boring D．amazing
解析：选D 推理判断题。

根据末段的“I also realized that this had been a magical trip.”可知，作者认为这次旅行非常令人惊异。

C
Egloo is a clever little heater that uses the power of tealights (茶烛) to heat space up to 20 square feet for as little as 10 cents a day, without using any electricity.
Developed by Marco Zagaria, a student at the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome, Egloo is both cheap to use and eco­friendly. Made up of two small terracotta (赤陶) domes and a metal tray, the device takes advantage of the natural heating ability of these materials, drawing heat from just four tealights placed inside it and releasing it in your living space.
It may look basic in its shape, materials used and the fact that it has no fancy switches to fiddle with, but Egloo is actually 3D­printed so it's actually a lot more high­tech than most electric heaters on the market today.At about seven inches wide and weighing just over two pounds, Egloo won't take up too much space, and can be easily moved around at any time. Just make sure you don't touch it directly, as it tends to get pretty hot.
According to creator Marco Zagaria，“Af ter only 30 minutes, the temperature of the environment surrounding the Egloo will be increased between 2 and 3 degrees Celsius.” Considering it runs on just four tealights, each with a burning time of about five hours, you can expect this little guy to make your room very warm and comfortable for just around 10 cents per day.
Egloo started crowd­funded through an Indiegogo campaign last year, blowing past its initial (最初的) goal of $ 30,000 and raking in $ 262,513 by the end of the campaign. It's currently available for purchase via the Egloo website, for anywhere between $ 50 and $ 100, depending on size, color and glaze. Considering some users pay that much for heat every couple of weeks, the price seems very attractive.
语篇解读：本文为说明文。

一款小小的依靠茶烛的力量就能够加热的加热器问世，它小巧、成本低，深受欢迎。

8．What is unique concerning Egloo?
A．It uses the power of tealights.
B．It was developed by a student.
C．It's made with 3D printing technology.
D．No fancy switches make it more attractive.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“but Egloo is actually 3D­printed”可知，它独特的地方在于它是3D打印的。

9．What should be cautious while using Egloo?
A．Its space. B．Weight.
C．Price. D．Temperature.
解析：选D 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的句子“Just make sure you don't touch it
directly, as it tends to get pretty hot.”可知，在用茶烛时应该当心的是温度。

10．The fourth paragraph mainly develops________.
A．by emphasizing the low cost of the Egloo
B．by showing the high demand of the Egloo
C．by listing the effectiveness of the Egloo
D．by encouraging people to own the Egloo
解析：选C 推理判断题。

第四段提到：只用三十分钟，它周围环境的温度就能够升高两三度；只用四个茶蜡大约五个小时，房间就非常暖和舒适，每天仅仅花费大约10美分。

由此可知本段主要通过列举其有效性展开的。

故选择C项。

11．What is people's attitude towards the Indiegogo campaign last year?
A．Curious. B．Favorable.
C．Doubtful. D．Opposed.
解析：选 B 推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的句子“Egloo started crowd­funded through an Indiegogo campaign last year, blowing past its initial goal of $ 30,000 and raking in $ 262,513 by the end of the campaign.”可知，资金众筹的效果非常显著，公众非常支持，故选择B项。

D
Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead. They warn the 150­minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people — particularly older individuals. And trying to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked. But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.
There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease, type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and some types of cancer. UK guidelines for adults recommend at least two­and­a­half hou rs of moderate activity a week, in short periods of 10 minutes or more.
But in two separate articles in The BMJ, experts argue the message needs to change, with greater emphasis on making inactive people move more. Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse, advises people who are sedentary (久坐不动的) to make small increases in their activity levels —rather than pushing to achieve current goals. He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of energetic activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death, compared to people who do no exercise.
In the second article, Prof. Philipe Sparkling of the Georgia Institute of Technology, says doctors should tailor their advice — particularly for older patients. He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss “realistic options” to increase activity —such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.
Prof. Kevin Fenton at Public Health England says, “Everyone nee ds to be active every day — short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefits, but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health condition s.” This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
语篇解读：本文主要讨论了人们对现行锻炼指导原则的不同看法。

12．What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage?
A．10­minute exercise.
B．20­minute exercise.
C．60­minute exercise.
D．150­minute exercise.。