现在分词作状语的分类(伴随、让步、条件、时间等等)

谓语动词: 有提示词, 句子缺谓语(与主语构成主谓结构)
I. I _______ (tell) by my classmates about that.
2. My mother often __________ (stop) me from watching TV.
时态语态变化, 及主谓一致
非谓语动词(主动---doing , 被动 ---done, 目的/结果/将要 to do ,)
1. We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift.
2. My pupils, Tom__________ (include), liked her.
1. He entered, ________ (hold) a book in his hand.
2. He entered the room and _______ (hold) a book in his hand.
3. I politely refused her invitation and _____ (walk) away.
4. I politely refused her invitation, ______ (walk) away.
两个动词是同时发生的时候
主语+ 谓语1 + and / but + 谓语 2
主语+ 谓语，+非谓语
1. When he _______ (come) in, I was reading a book.
2. Unless I ________ (invite), I won’t attend he party.
3. When _____ (hear) the news, I was excited.
4. Unless ____ (invite), I won’t attend he party.
--- When / if / unless / /After/Before 等连词后没有主语 +非谓语（--- ing /---ed ) , 主句
---When / if / unless / /After /Before等连词+ 主语 + 谓语，主句
1. A boy ________( call ) Jack came here today
2. A boy who ________( call ) Jack came here today
3. We enjoy the movie _________ (direct) by a world famous artist.
4. We enjoy the movie which_________ (direct) by the world famous artist.
名词后没关系词时+ 非谓语, 非谓语动词修饰前面的名词做定语
名词后有关系词时+谓语，做定语从句中的谓语
1.“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _______ (run) away.
2.He said thanks and ____ (smile) a row of teeth.
3.When first ___________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great
success.
4.When he_______( arrive ) at the corner , he met his friend.
5.________ ( sleep ) late, he turned off the alarm clock.
6.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ (know) only to people with
specific knowledge.
[例1] I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. （2011广东卷）
[例2] He spit it out, __37___(say) it was awful. （2010广东卷）
[例3]The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A. suggest
B. suggests
C. suggested
D. suggesting
turn
1. If you _____to the left, you'll find the post office.
2. _____ to the left, and you'll find the post office.
3. to the left , you'll find the post office .
[例4] She wished that he was as easy 32 (please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume．（2009广东卷）
see
（1）_______ from the top of the hill, our house looks like a car.
（2）_______ the dog come over, our friend ran away.
（3）_______ from the top of a hill, and you’ ll find the city more beautiful. （4）_______ more clearly, they came up and got close to it.
1. When ____________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the similarities.
2.__________ with other top students, you are better.
discuss
（1）The question _________________now at the meeting is very important.
（2）The question ________ at the meeting last week is very important.
（3）The question __________________ at the meeting next week is very important.
1._____many times, but he still couldn't understand it.
2. _____many times, he still couldn't understand it.
A. Having been told
B. Told
C. He was told
D. To be told
1.He is the best one ______ (do) the job.
2.He was considered the first man _______________ (invent) the telephone.
动词不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作而发生用to have done
1. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (lose)
2. of playing football, he went back to the classroom. (tire)
3. with difficulty, he rushed forward bravely. (face)
有些过去分词源于系表结果，分词已经形容词化，相当于形容词
be lost in; be interested in; be tired of; be satisfied with ; be excited about; be faced with; be dressed in；be seated
1.He hurried to the booking office， only _____________ (tell) that all the tickets
had been sold out.
to do表示结果—表示出人预料的情况或结果, 常用only强调。

2.European football is played in 80 countries, ____________ (make) it the most
popular sport in the world.
分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的结果。

His father died last year, (leave) him a large fortune.
1. The flowers sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰主语 flowers。

感官动词没有被动。

v-ing作状语的分类
☆一般来说，v-ing形式表示主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。

☆-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。

▲doing sth.作时间状语：
﹡ (see) my parents waving in the crowd，I went running to them.
﹡ (cross) the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
=When he (cross) the road, the old man was knocked over by a car. ﹡When (hear) the news, he got frightened.
= When he (hear) the news, he got frightened.
﹡Having eaten his dinner, the boy (rush) out.
﹡ (hear) their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. ﹡ (not receive) his letter, I decided to write another letter.
▲doing sth.作原因状语：
(be) a teacher，you should help your students in every way.
(be) poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
(not know) her address, I can't write to her.
(live) with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
(eat) too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.
▲doing sth.作结果状语：
﹡There is mud and water everywhere, (make) it difficult to travel from place to place.
现在分词作结果状语表示一种必然性（自然结果）。

（making 可以改为 which makes，相当于一个前因后果的非限制性定语从句。

）
﹡He comes home late every evening, (make) his wife very angry.
他每天回来得很晚，这是他的妻子很生气。

=He comes home late every evening, which (make) his wife very angry. =He comes home late every evening, and makes his wife very angry. ﹡Mary failed all her exams, (make) both her parents very angry.
玛丽未能通过一门考试，这是她父母非常生气。

﹡European football is played in more than80countries, making one of the most popular games in the world.(NMET1998全国卷)
﹡The child slipped and fell, (hit) his head against the door.
﹡Her husband died ten years ago, (leave) her with three children to look after.
﹡Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus (cause) the delay. ﹡She threw the toy on the ground, (break) it into pieces.
﹡The song is sung all over the country, (make) it the most popular song
﹡The child fell, (strike) his head against the door and cutting it.
▲doing sth.作条件状语：
(listen) to English every day （If you listen to English every day），you’ll learn it well step by step.
(use) your head, you’ll find a good way.
(work) hard, you’ll surely succeed.
(work) hard, and you'll succeed.
(take) the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.
(turn) to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
▲doing sth.作让步状语：
(work) so hard, he failed again.
(live) miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。

Although he （ live） miles away, he attended the course.
(defeat), he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。

Thought he (defeat), he remained a popular boxer.
☆理解技巧：分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句。

▲doing sth.作方式状语：
He came (run) back to tell me the news.
The children ran out of the room, (laugh) and (talk) merrily. They eat (use) the fingers of their right hands.
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。

▲doing sth.作伴随状语：
Four people entered the room (look) around in a curious way.
= Four people entered the room and (look) around in a curious way. The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, (cut) the branch.
All night long he lay awake, (think) of the problem.
The six blind men stood there and (beg) for a meal.
He sat in the armchair, (read) a newspaper.
They stood there for half an hour (watch) the stars in the sky.
He sat in the chair and (read) a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。

Don't you (sit) there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。

He came in, (follow) by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。

☆理解技巧：理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。

分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。

一般将其置于句后, 可用逗号与主句成分分开。

1. He lay on the bed with the bedroom door . (shut)
2. With the boy the way，we found he house easily. (lead)
3. With the boy the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow. (lead) 1. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；
2. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。

1. Don’t leave the water ________ (run) while you brush your teeth.
2.Paul doesn’t have to be made （learn）. He always works hard.
3. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ____________(interest) in his lectures.
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