2021年洛阳市回民中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案

2021年洛阳市回民中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
If you are sending a text message watching TV or listening to the radio, you may stop and give this your full attention. Multitasking shrinks (使.....萎缩)the brain? research suggests.
A study found that men and womenwho frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain. University of Sussex researchers said, " Using mobile phones, laptops and other media devicessimultaneouslycould be changing the structure of our brains."
Worryingly, the part of the brain that shrinks is involved in processing emotion. The finding follows research which has linked multitasking with a shortened attention span, depression , anxiety and lower grades at school.
The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology. This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking e-mail, or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the Internet. The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingu-late cortex (ACC)(前扣带皮层).Scientists have proved that brain structure can be changed on exposure to fresh environments and experience.
Other studies have shown that training—such as learning to play magic tricks or taxi drivers' learning the map of London―can increase grey matter densities (密度)in certain parts.
Experts have also warned of the harmful impact technology can have on our memory and attention span. The University of California team conducted a survey of more than 18,000 people aged between 18 and 99，and found 20%had problems with memory. Researchers were shocked greatly by the 14 % of 18 to 39-year-old people who also worried about their memories.
Multitasking may shorten attention span, making it harder to focus and form memories, the researchers said, adding that youngsters may be particularly affected by stress.
1. The underlined word " simultaneously" in Paragraph 2 means "________，"
A. on one's own
B. at no time
C. at the same time
D. by accident
2. All of the following are possible effects of multitasking EXCEPT________ .
A. saving time
B. a shortened attention span
C. lower grades at school
D. depression and anxiety
3. Which ofthe following can be the best title of this passage?
A. Media multitasking is becoming more popular
B. Multitasking shrinks the brain
C. Multitasking may shorten attention span
D. People are worried about their memories.
B
Thursday, two Russian submarines(潜艇) dived down 2.5 miles into the Arctic Ocean and planted a national flag onto a piece of continental shelf known as the Lomonosov Ridge. Rising from the center of the Arctic Basin, the flag sent a clear message to the surrounding nations: Russia had just laid claim(权利) to the vast oil and gas reserves contained in this underwater area.
AfterRussia, theUnited States,Norway,SwedenandFinlandare all trying to gain profit. Projections show that the area of land and sea that falls within theArctic Circleis home to an estimated 90 billion barrels of oil, an incredible 13% of Earth’s reserves. It’s also estimated to contain almost a quarter of untapped global gas resources. But long before this oil race began, how did theArcticbecome so rich in energy?
“The first thing you realize is that theArctic—unlike the Antarctic—is an ocean surrounded by continents”, Alastair Fraser, a geoscientist from Imperial College London, said. Firstly, this means there’s a huge quantity of organic material available, in the form of dead sea creatures such as plankton and algae, which form the basis of what will ultimately become oil and gas. Secondly, the surrounding ring of continents means that the Arctic Basin contains a high proportion of continental crust(大陆地壳), which makes up about 50% of its oceanic area. That’s significant because continental crust typically contains deep depressions called basins, into which organic matter sinks.
Here, it gets inserted in rock and preserved in anoxic(缺氧) waters, meaning they contain little oxygen. “Normally, in a shallow sea with lots of oxygen, it would not be preserved. But if the sea is deep enough, the oxygenated waters at the top will be separated from the anoxic conditions at the base,” Fraser explained. Conserved within these oxygen-free basins, the matter maintains compounds that finally make it useful as an energy source for millions of years in the future.
4. Why didRussiaplant a national flag onto the Lomonosov Ridge?
A. To tell surrounding countries its armed forces.
B. To show its advanced technology of submarines.
C. To show abundant natural resources in theArcticBasin.
D. To claim its privilege to explore for oil and gas in the area.
5. What’s the function of the last sentence in paragraph 2?
A. Making a comparison.
B. Serving as a connecting link.
C. Analyzing the cause and effect.
D. Drawing the conclusion of the text.
6. What can we know from the last paragraph?
A. Oxygen only exists in the top part of the ocean.
B. Organic materials mostly exist in the basins with oxygen.
C. Water containing oxygen turns organic materials into oil and gas.
D. Oxygen-free environment counts in the formation of the arctic’s rich energy.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. What makes theArcticattractive?
B. Why do many nations focus on theArctic?
C. Why is there so much oil in theArctic?
D. How does theArcticBasincome into being?
C
Dogs are often called as “man's best friend”, MacKenzie, a four-pound Chihuahua（吉娃娃）, was named winner of the 2020 American Hero Dog Competition on October 19, 2020.
In its tenth year in 2020 the annual contest is the brainchild of American Humane, the country's first national charitable organization founded for the safety and well-being of animals. Often called the “Oscars for dogs”, the award recognizes dogs who make extremely great contributions to society.
The competition of 2020 attracted over 400 entries（参赛者）from across the country. These heroic dogs have gone above the call of duty, saving lives, comforting the ill and aged and reminding us of the powerful, age-old ties between animals and people. While all were impressive, it was tiny MacKenzie who wonthe judges' hearts.
MacKenzie's growth was not easy. Born with a mouth disability, she had to be fed through a tube（管子）for the first year of her life. Despite her own struggles, she always seemed to think more of other animals in need. “Never have I seen such a will to live. Though sick, she carefully looked after the baby animals at the rescue（救助）center,” said her caretaker.
A life-saving operation performed in 2014 gave MacKenzie the ability to eat independently. The seven-year-old chihuahua is now working for the Mia Foundation, an organization that rescues and nurses animals
with inborn disabilities. The chihuahua does an excellent job and has raised various animals. She plays nurse, cleans, comforts and hugs them, acting as their mother and teaching them how to socialize, play and have good manners.
In addition to her role as an animal caretaker, MacKenzie also visits schools to educate kids about the importance of accepting physical differences in both animals and people. Her heartwarming and inspiring story makes MacKenzie a worthy receiver ofAmerica's top dog honor.
8. What can we infer about the American Hero Dog Competition?
A. It was first held in 2010
B. It was held to honor caretakers of dogs.
C. It takes place every ten years.
D. It was started by a charitable organization.
9. With what quality did MacKenzie win the award?
A. Talent and bravery
B. Friendliness and care.
C. Courage and selflessness.
D. Confidence and independence.
10. In which aspect can students benefit from MacKenzie's visits?
A. Learning from failures.
B. Understanding the disabled.
C. Valuing physical health.
D. Developing practical ability.
11. What's the best title for the text?
A. Dogs Are Man's Best Friends.
B. Treat Dogs the Way We Want to Be Treated.
C. Touching Stories between MacKenzie and People
D. 2020 American Hero Dog: A TinyChihuahua.
D
For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational(理性的) being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our time is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was strengthened, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (人类学). The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many
anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield(盾牌) behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human characters. Popularly, one refers cynically（愤世嫉俗地）to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.
Another reason for disbelief about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
12. Most philosophers believed that human nature ________.
A. is the quality distinguishing man from other animals
B. consists of competitiveness and selfishness
C. is something partly innate and partly acquired
D. consists of rationality and undesirable behavior
13. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by ________.
A. the emergence of the evolutionary theory
B. the historical approach to man
C. new insight into human behavior
D. the philosophical analysis of slavery
14. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings ________.
A. have some characters in common
B. are born with diverse cultures
C. are born without a fixed nature
D. change their characters as they grow up
15. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to ________.
A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature”
B. show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evils
C. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human nature”
D. support the idea that some human characters are inherited.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
Memories are important, but as we age our memory declines. The good news is that scientists have been learning more about our brain’s amazing ability to change and grow, even in old age.___16___ Learn something new.
Memorystrength is like muscular strength. The more you use it, the stronger it gets. But you can’t lift the same size weight every day and expect to get stronger. You’ll need to keep your brain constantly challenged.___17___
Repeat and retrieve(找回).
When you learn new information, you’re more likely to record that information if it’s repeated. Repeat what you hear out loud.___18___Write it down and read it aloud. But the work doesn’t stop there. You’ll need to try to retrieve the information without looking at it later. Testing yourself to retrieve the information is better than repeated studying.
Drink water.
Water acts as a shock absorber for the brain.___19___A small amount of dehydration(脱水) can have disastrous (灾难性的) effects. Mild dehydration has been shown to cause brain shrinkage and memory damage. Aim for at least eight to ten glasses per day.
___20___
Another common mistake is relying on the GPS every time you drive. Researchers found relying on response techniques for navigation shrinks a part of our brain. Try to get to your destination using your brain. Perhaps use GPS to get there, but use your brain to get back home. Your brain will thank you for the extra challenge.
A. Lose the GPS.
B. Try using it in a sentence.
C. Don’t turn toGoogle right away.
D. It helps our brain cells use nutrients.
E. Learning a new skill is an excellent way.
F. Research shows that repetition is an ineffective learning tool.
G. The following are some effective methods for improving memory.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
I had gone from being a daughter in my parents' home to marrying and being a wife. Within a year of marrying, I had a child and a new____21____--mother. It seemed that I was____22____defined in relation to
someone else. I was somebody's daughter, somebody's wife, somebody's mother. So, where was Jane? More_____23_____who was Jane?
In between having four more children,____24____my husband as he started a business, and serving in our community, I____25____Jane. Sometimes, I wondered if there was anyone to seek. Did I____26____outside my relationship to others? I didn't_____27_____
And then I wrote a short story aimed at children. I typed it and sent it out. To my great____28____, it was accepted. I wrote more stories. Many of them were____29____, but I still kept writing. And, in writing, I found my_____30_____I also found that people listened. I wrote of mothering. I wrote of living with depression. I wrote of living on a_____31_____budget while my husband's new business struggled to survive. And thus I became an_____32_____person, looking for and finding the words inside me. I shared those words with others. I knew that I could make a_____33_____through those words. Shy by nature, I’m_____34_____to speak in public. However, through my writing, I can_____35_____those words. I can touch others by sharing my thoughts and feelings, as well as my experiences and struggles.
“I didn't know you_____36_____depression,” one friend said after reading my article on living with depression. That opened a(n)_____37_____between us on how depression can be as weakening as any physical disease. We laughed and cried together as she shared her own experiences. Our friendship_____38_____. At the same time, with my newfound independence increasing I became more_____39_____. Additionally, I had a sense of_____40_____when I knew I was helping someone else.
21. A. task B. role C. honor D. burden
22. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. always
23. A. importantly B. evidently C. strangely D. interestingly
24. A. urging B. comforting C. supporting D. instructing
25. A. looked after B. looked for C. looked up to D. looked away from
26. A. exist B. rank C. wait D. stand
27. A. care B. admit C. mind D. know
28. A. doubt B. puzzlement C. surprise D. relief
29. A. rejected B. prohibited C. replaced D. postponed
30. A. status B. voice C. figure D. chance
31. A. tight B. casual C. flexible D. rough
32. A. honest B. outgoing C. ambitious D. independent
33. A. wish B. fortune C. difference D. promise
34. A. ready B. afraid C. willing D. shocked
35. A. find B. appreciate C. free D. remember
36. A. suffered from B. got rid of C. gave in to D. benefited from
37. A. argument B. bargain C. competition D. dialogue
38. A. formed B. continued C. deepened D. worsened
39. A. patient B. confident C. reliable D. sensitive
40. A. justice B. direction C. belonging D. achievement
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Europe has nearly half of the sites on the World Heritage List, but archaeologists and experts from UNESCO have recommended more sites from Asia, Africa and the Americas___41.___(add).If a site is on the list, it affects the number of tourists___42.___(visit) a country as the site can become a huge tourist attraction.___43.___, large numbers of tourists to a site are a problem.For example, in the caves of Dunhuang, the air is very dry.It is only because of the dry air___44.___the wonderful paintings___45.___(survive) since the early Qin Dynasty.But thousands of tourists’ feet could damage the stones and the changed air could affect the paintings.The Chinese government has worked with UNESCO to agree___46.___a plan to protect the caves.___47.___(regret) , around the world, especially in countries ___48.___there is fighting or great ___49.___(poor) , many wonderful sites are still endangered.Some may not even get onto the list_____50._____they disappear forever．
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.短文改错
注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第l1处起）不计分。

Zhong Fangrong, a girl student from the small village, made headlines for her high score. Describing as a “left-behind girl” by Chinese media, Zhong was raised by her grandparents. what surprising people most was that she signed up archaeology, one of the least popular major in China. Zhong reaffirmed her decision to major in archaeology(考古学) on Tuesday, ignoring the head-shaking of shocked netizens. Zhong, who score in the latest Gaokao was among the best in China, could have chosen virtual any major at any university in the country. She once said it was the famous Chinese archaeologist Fan Jinshi which had influenced her and gave in her the
confidence to study archaeology, and she wanted to follow in Fan's footsteps and devote himself to the field.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，为庆祝建党100周年，你校英语网站举办“学雷锋树新风”英语征文比赛活动，请你以“Volunteer activities keep Lei Feng spirit alive”为题，写一篇短文投稿参加比赛，内容如下：
1.活动目的；
2.活动内容；
3.活动感受。

注意：1.词数80左右；
2.适当增加内容,使行文流畅。

Volunteer activities keep Lei Feng spirit alive
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. D 9. C 10. B 11. D
12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B
16. G 17. E 18. B 19. D 20. A
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 32.
D 33. C 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. D
41. (should) be added
42. visiting/to visit
43. However
44. that 45. have survived
46. on 47. Regretfully
48. where 49. poverty
50. before
51.(1). the→a
(2). Describing→Described
(3). surprising→surprised
(4). up后加for
(5). major→majors
(6). who→whose
(7). virtual→virtually
(8). which→who/that
(9). 删除in
(10). himself→herself 52.略。