跨文化商务沟通chapter_9

Theory of Justice
• Be equitable • Be fair • Be impartial
Cultural Relativism
• Words such as “right”, “wrong”, “justice”, and ‘injustice” derive their meanings and true values from the attitudes of a given culture.
• Egoism evaluate how right or acceptable a behavior is depending upon its consequences on the person.
• Utilitarian claim that behaviors that are moral produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
• American manager: “I must hire the best person for the job regardless of his or her class, race, religion, or national origin.”
Assignment
• What are the business ethics and how do ethics and laws relate with each other?
Business Ethics Defined
• It refers to the measurement of business behavior based on standards of right and wrong, rather than relying entirely on principles of accounting and management.
Business Implication
• In order to communicate more effectively, we need to know both the laws and the cultural reasons for the laws.
Dispute Settlement
Ethical Dilemma 3
Whether or not?
• Is it ethical for companies to sell products made by children or forced prison labor?
Ethical Dilemma 4
Whether or not?
Chapter 9
Intercultural Business Ethics
Learning Objectives
• Define business ethics and understand how ethics and laws relate
• Realize that legal and ethical interpretations are influenced by culture
Teleology
• An action or behavior is acceptable or right if it is responsible for producing the desired outcomes.
Teleolo
Egoism vs. Utilitarianism
• To give the government official bribery or not?
Major Legal and Ethical Issues
• Protection of intellectual property • Dispute settlement through legal channels • The issue of bribery and corruption
Regional laws International law
WTO
Ethics Defined
• Moral rules or principles of behavior for deciding what is right and wrong
• It is a system of principles, a guide to human behavior, that helps to distinguish between good and bad or between right or wrong.
• Ethical standards are culture-specific. • “when in Rome, do as the Rome do, ethically”
Decision–making
• Using the decision tree to incorporate ethics in international business decision making.
Intellectual Property
• Patents • Trademarks • copyrights
What is the cultural roots for piracy?
• Some cultures emphasize private property (right to private ownership), such as U.S.A, while others do not, such as China.
Types of illegal payment
• Facilitating payment • Middlemen commission • Political contributions • Cash disbursements
Moral philosophies
• Teleology • Deontology • Theory of justice • Cultural relativism
• Discuss how to incorporate ethics into intercultural business decisions and build ethical competence within the discipline of ICBC
EU Host country laws NAFTA
Discussion
• India manager: “ I must hire persons who belong to my caste because it is the right thing to do. The cohesiveness and morale of the group is the key for the success of my company.”
• Discuss real-life ethical dilemmas faced by businesses of today
Learning Objectives
• Explore major global legal and ethical issues in international business
Bribery Defined
• Bribery may be defined as the payment voluntarily offered for the purpose of inducing a public official to do or not to do something in violation of his or her lawful duty, or to exercise official discretion in favor of the payer’s request for a contract, concession, or privilege on some basis other than merit.
• What are the alternative methods to resolving international disputes through legal channels?
Deontology
• Deontology refers to moral philosophies that focus on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior, rather than on its consequences.
Ethical Dilemma 2
Whether or not?
• Should a company continue to market in a foreign country, where it is legal, a product that is banned in the home country because it is harmful?
Ethical Dilemma 1
Whether or not?
• whether tobacco companies should target young men and women in other countries as potential long-term customers of a product when it is a generally accepted fact that cigarette smoking is addictive and harmful?
• Direct negotiation • Voluntary arbitration • Bringing a lawsuit
Question
• Why do companies in low-context cultures begin to turn to mediation and arbitration?