新视野大学视听4册lead-in答案

UNIT1
1.Mention at least three reasons people get angry. What can we do to control our anger?
People tend to get angry when treated unfairly. Specifically, we may fly into a rage when we realize we were betrayed by a close friend or tricked by a clerk into buying something unnecessary at a high price. When people treat us with contempt, or deliberately ignore us, we may get annoyed. Also, the sight of injustice often fills us with indignation. For instance, when we see a child being bullied by a group of hoodlums, it makes our blood boil.
T o overcome our anger ,we have two options: to fight or to run. In the case of a small offense, it’s better to walk away and calm down. It is not necessary to explode at a slight provocation .However ,when confronted with a gross injustice or a serious crime ,we need to stand up for ourselves and speak our mind .After venting our anger ,we may feel better .If we keep negative feelings to ourselves ,we will probably feel miserable for along time and regret not taking action.
2.Why do people get depressed? Is there any connection between depression and bad luck? Can depression be
overcome?
People feel blue for a variety of reasons. They feel depressed after failing an exam or losing a job. They feel grief when someone dear to them, for example a close family member, passes away ,Suffering from a serious disease with little hope of a complete recovery, one may feel dejected.
There seems to be a relationship between depression and bad luck. If your spirits are down and you show it, pe ople might refrain from talking to you. Many good opportunities may slip away as a result. And you might be left wondering why your luck doesn’t change.
T o cheer yourself up, you can study or work. Y our mood might improve if you keep yourself busy and try to achieve goals. And if staying busy doesn’t help, you can just wait for the sadness to go away. It is said that time heals all wounds. Finally, you might find solace in realizing. Y our situation is not the worst. Y ou can also choose to look at the bright side of things because every cloud has a silver lining.
3. What makes you happy? Are you happy when others are happy?
The greatest pleasures seem to come from hard-won achievements. For example, if after a lot of hard work, you passed an important examination, finished a big project, or got a promotion, you would feel incredibly happy.
Human happiness is not limited to one’s good fortune or success. If you help someone in need, you’ll probably feel wonderful. This accounts for the success of Project Hope, through which people volunteer time and donate money to help people in need.
4. Is there a relationship between reason and emotion? Which plays a bigger role in our lives?
Both reason and emotion are important in our lives. Although they are obviously different from each other, they complement each other just the same. Think about it, it is difficult to isolate reason from emotion and vice versa.
When one is arguing, one is combining logic with feelings. When a speaker is advocating a principle, the feeling he puts into his voice reinforces his argument. When scientists conduct researches, they may choose an area that is interesting to them. Darwin studied science because he had been fascinated by plants and animals since his childhood.
However, in some areas either reason or emotion may play a bigger role. Science students may need more logic than emotion to conduct experiments, while art students tend to rely more on their emotion for creativity. Within a family, people usually cherish the emotional ties between family members. Emotion could be more important than reason when falling in love or trusting a member of one’s family, whereas reason plays an important role when deciding how to educate a child. T ogether or separate, reason and emotion play critically important roles in our lives.
UNIT 2
1.In what ways can people improve their appearance?
Some people just want to improve their looks in small ways. They may go on a diet to maintain a good figure, we makeup to improve their appearance, put a facial mask or skin smoother on their faces during the might, have their teeth straightened, or have their nails polished. Some others have a face-lift to change their nose or chin, make their single-fold eyelids double folded, and have their skin tightened to smooth out wrinkles and crow’s feet. Some even inject botox to remove wrinkles. More drastically, some people may have liposuction to remove fat.
2.Why do some people want to improve their appearance?
A love of beauty is part of human nature. People like to see beautiful scenery, flowers, and animals. It is not strange
that they also want to look at good-looking humans and improve the way they look themselves. With improved features, one may find a better job, attract a more desirable spouse, and gain faster promotion.
Some occupations attach great importance to appearance. Most actors, anchorpersons, and fashion models can be recognized by their looks.
It is sometimes argued that by looking good, one tends to feel self-confident. With confidence, success is more likely to follow in any undertaking.
3.What disadvantages are there in plastic surgery?
We should not attempt to change our physical appearance by cosmetic means. Such changes may bring unexpected disasters in the future.
Some beautifying methods, if not properly applied, have dangerous side effects. People who receive botox injections to remove wrinkles may eventually ruin their skin. Some surgical operations that are intended to make single-fold eyelids double fold actually make them multi-folded-not what the patient had in mind.
4.How can one strike a balance between low costs and high fashion in clothes、
People who don’t have much money can also make themselves look fashionable. There are many ways to buy fashionable clothes without spending much money. For example, people can buy clothes that are on sale or sold in discount stores. It’s smart to buy winter clothes at the end of the winter. Clothes are cheaper at the end of a season and can be stored until the next season. Some people are good tailors, and they can alter their clothes to make them fashionable. They may even create original styles.
UNIT 5
1. What kinds of employees are likely to be fired?
If employees do not observe company or department rules, they are likely to be fired. Any boss will be angry if employees are late for work or use the company phone to talk with friends. A boss dislikes people who don’t work hard, gossip a lot or read the newspaper over a cup of tea for hours. Even if one works hard, the boss may not be sa tisfied if one doesn’t work with high efficiency. After all, company profits come from employee achievements. Even though you’ve made significant personal contributions to the company, if you don’t get along well with your colleagues, you may impede the co mpany’s productivity. After all, most jobs require teamwork nowadays. Usually the boss places a high value on employee loyalty. Disloyal employees may sell the company’s secrets and ruin it
overnight. When the company is in financial difficulty and downsizing, the first to be dismissed will be those who have some of the above-mentioned problems.
2. What kinds of people are better prepared for a layoff？
In contemporary society job changes are inevitable. Few people will stay in the same company all their lives. So , from time people should look for signs that layoffs are coming. For example, fewer customer orders, layoffs in similar companies, and an economic recession are warnings. In addition to noticing bad omens like the above, people should study the kinds of skills or technologies that are in great demand. If one industry is on the decline, they should equip themselves with knowledge and skills in other industries. When adequately prepared, they will not panic if they receive a
dismissal notice. They can go to a different job or even a different career without too much difficulty.
3. After finishing undergraduate studies, would you like to find a job or pursue a postgraduate
degree? Why ?
Some students prefer to look for a favorable job, through which they can gain useful experience that they can’t get from books. When they move on to a higher level job one day, then , they will already have experience in that field. At work, they can give full play to their practical abilities, and may be
promoted to department manager by the time their classments complete their Master’s degree
programs.
On the other hand, some students are not eager to take up a job and prefer to continue to study towards a Master’s degree or even a phD. And we all know, knowledge is power. Although not
everything you learn will be directly applicable at work, knowledge does improve your character overall. In the long run, those who acquire more knowledge will benefit from it.
4. If a company doesn’t perform well in a certain field, for example, software development, should it
outsource or train its own employees to do it?
Some companies prefer to outsource the production they are not good at. Against the background of globalization, the division of work is accelerating. Often you can find a more specialized or more professional company that can do the same work with better quality at a lower rate. But outsourcing inevitably brings about problems. It is not always easy to lay off the employees, especially if they have served the company for a long time. They may ask for dismissal benefits that are too high for the organization to bear. So, perhaps the company can provide their workers with training to improve their production skills. If the workers feel grateful, they will work harder for the company’s
prosperity.
UNIT 6
1.Describe some superstitions in English-speaking countries.
English-speaking nations have a number of superstitions. For example, many people believe 13 to be an unlucky number, and don’t want to live on the 13th floor on in Room 13. They say “knock on wood” or “ touch wood”to avoid bad luck. T o wish somebody good luck, they may say “I’ll cross my fingers for you .” Superstitious peop le avoid walking under a ladderor opening an umbrella in doors. When they see a black cat run across their path, they think it’s a bad omen. Some people may hang a horseshoe over their door to ward off bad luck. If they happen to drop a mirror, they worry that they will have seven year’s bad luck. T o ensure good luck, they may carry a charm of some kind, such as a lucky rabbit’s foot!
2.What is the relationship between one’s attitude to life and one’s fate? Does the former determine the latter or is it
the other way round?
Since the world is complex and mysterious, it is not easy to arrive at a definite conclusion. Some scholars, including
a British psychologist, suggest that there exists a correlation between one’s attitude to life and one’s fate. But more
research is needed before we can be sure of such a correlation. Moreover, the cause-and-effect relationship has not been clearly identified, and we are uncertain which causes which. In real life we can find counter examples: some optimistic people aren’t very lucky, while some pessimistic people are quite lucky. Perhaps we should try to find out which case is more frequent: optimistic people with good luck or optimistic people with bad luck. Judging from my personal observations, the former is more common. I can even supply the reason: optimistic people have more self-confidence, which facilitates their success in life. A survey involving many people is required to discover what most people think about this issue.
3.Do you believe there are extraterrestrial beings in outer space?
It’s difficult to come to a definite conclusion on this issue. On the one hand, many people claim to have seen a UFO, and some even assert that they were abducted by aliens in their spaceships. Theoretically, it’s difficult to prove that in the vast universe people on Earth are of the most advanced civilization and have the most advanced technology.
If we can’t see ET s, it may be because they are far more advanced than we are. Similarly, if primitive people can’t detect radio waves, it doesn’t mean more advanced civilizations don’t exist.
On the other hand, human beings have not collected solid evidence to prove the existence of ET s. Although some people claim to have witnessed a UFO, it could be a visual mistake. A mirage is a case in point. When somebody claim to have seen a ghost, do you believe it? In my opinion, while mankind should continue to explore mysteries in the universe, they had better direct most of their time and energy toward pursuits that are more relevant to their
present lives.
4.Do you think success is due more to luck and opportunity or to diligence? Why
Sometimes a lucky person achieves great success without making making the corresponding efforts, while a person who has worked diligently on and on fails to accomplish anything. But on the whole, I am inclined to believe that success is more closely related to diligence than to luck. It is true that in gambling, card-playing and some other games, luck plays a large role. But in most fields of endeavor, one has to study and work hard before one has a chance of success. For example, all scientists, engineers, teachers, musicians and athletes must receive years of rigorous training before they can do their work properly and stand out from the rest. Without hard work, they have almost no hope of success at all. After all, opportunity favors those who are well prepared.
UNIT 7
at least ten recreational activities, including those requiring a lot of physical exertion and those that are more
relaxing.
Some forms of recreation require a high level of physical activity. Here are some examples: football, basketball, badminton, tennis, and table tennis. Some people like climbing mountains, goings body surfing, or going rafting.
After those strenuous outings, they feel mentally relaxed.
On the other hand, some people prefer more sedentary activities. Instead of playing a ball game, they watch it. They go to a cinema, a theater, an opera house or a concert hall, or they simply sit at home watching TV. Some play various kinds of games on the computer, and others play chess or cards. Even when they want to stay outdoors, they may choose peaceful pastimes like fishing.
2.What do you think about the computer and the Internet as sources of entertainment?
With the advent of the computer and the Internet, we can play all kinds of games in the virtual world; we can play chess and cards with people we have never met, even a chess master. W e can travel to all parts of the world on the Net. W e can send and Moreover, we can make use of the Net as a way of learning.
But we should be careful not to get too much of a good thing. If we sit in front of a computer all day long, there will be many negative effects. Our eyes may get cause disease. T oo much sedentary work is bad for our health. We may because physically week and develop a weight problem. Worse still, if we get addicted to the computer, we may neglect human relationships and communication between one another. In the end we would rather talk to a computer than to a human.
3.Would you like to go on a tour during the vacation?
If I have enough money, I’d like to visit a distant place during my vacation. After a term of hard work, I think I deserve a trip for relaxation. From the trip, I could gain useful geographical and historical knowledge about the place –knowledge different from what we acquire from books. Furthermore, I would be refreshed from traveling, and then I could work more energetically in the next term.
However, if I don’t have enough money to travel, I can relax myself in many other ways. I can go to parks, or enjoy local scenic and historical sites. What’s more, on the Internet I can visit remote places of the world. I can play computer games to kill time. Perhaps I will also do a lot of reading. If I arm myself with abundant knowledge, I may find a good job, which will offer me opportunities for traveling both at home and abroad.
4.Stores are closed in the evenings and on Saturdays and Sundays in many W estern countries, while they are normally
open in China. Which system do you prefer? Why?
In my opinion, each system has its advantages and disadvantages. The weekend is meant for people to have a rest, and the employees at stores, post offices, government departments, schools and so on all deserve a rest. The two-day weekend was won after centuries of demands for workers’ rights. If one store breaks the rules and stays open on the weekend, it will do unusually good business, but this is unfair competition. If people can enjoy proper rest over the weekends, they can work more vigorously during the weekdays.
However, if all stores are closed, this can be inconvenient for many people, especially those in double-income households. If a small proportion of the population, that is those in the service industry, work on weekends, most people will enjoy their weekends even more. On the whole, I am in favor of the current Chinese system.
UNIT10
1.What are the essential differences between the concepts of individualism and collectivism? Search the Internet for
information.
Individualism asserts the primary importance of the individual and holds that an individual’s interests should be placed above the group’s. Individuals are being given opportunities and freedom to develop character, interests, abilities, careers, within the context of individualism. In addition, the collective culture respects and even values the initiatives of each reason.
On the other hand, collectivism emphasizes the interests of the group over those of the individual. It is believed that if the group prospers, all its members prosper. If an individual works for the benefit of the group, he or she will benefit as well. Sometimes collectivism requires individuals to sacrifice their short-term interests to the group’s long-term goals. Perhaps we should strike a balance between promoting team spirit and bringing individual initiative into play.
2.Should we follow the ethics of hard work or introduce fun into our work?
In my opinion, we can introduce fun into our work, but an industrious spirit is a more valuable element. It’s true that people like to have fun, and that if learning involves fun, people tend to learn fasten withou t fun, learning can be slow or even painful. This is illustrated by the popular saying, “all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”
However, since many people don’t study or work hard, I think it is necessary to stress diligence at the present stage in the nation’s development. T o attain advanced levels, we have to make greater efforts. If we all work hard, our offspring will be able to have more fun. Although fun play a role in work and study, most human achievements are gained mainly through hard work. Most successful people have worked diligently to achieve success. After all ,”no pain, no gain.”
3.Should different cultures integrate or keep their own characteristics?
A well-integrated nation is more capable of maintaining unity and stability. People in some countries dislike
foreigners or ethnic minorities to behave differently from the norm. They prefer foreigners to assimilate into their culture. The saying, “when in Rome, do as the Romans do,” illustrates this point. The trend toward globalization promotes internationals exchanges and integration of different culture.
On the other hand, diversified cultures make our world more interesting and colorful. If all nations integrated into one, the world would be monotonous. Therefore, all ethnic groups should be allowed to keep their unique customs.
The Chinese government has adopted favorable policies to allow the ethnic minorities to keep their traditions. All nations should be treated equally. Large nations should not pose their cultures on small nations.
The world is composed of different countries and cultures. T o achieve better development and cooperation, perhaps we should advocate multiculturalism while encouraging free exchanges between culture.
4.Should we be punctual for class, work, or appointments? Why? What can you do to ensure punctuality?
In the past, Chinese didn’t attach much importance to punctuality. In an agricultural country punctuality was not very important. But nowadays, owing to the quickened pace of life and the influence of W estern concepts of time, the Chinese seem to be paying more attention to punctuality. If somebody is twenty minutes late for an appointment, you may be annoyed because it is a waste of your time. T o avoid being late, we should make adequate preparations.
In case an emergency prevents us from arriving at the destination on time, we can call ahead to inform the person concerned of the delay. But for entertainment activities like a party, we may be a bit late, for that causes no inconvenience to others.。